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Aguanno D, Metwaly A, Coleman OI, Haller D. Modeling microbiota-associated human diseases: from minimal models to complex systems. Microbiome Res Rep 2022; 1:17. [PMID: 38046357 PMCID: PMC10688821 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are associated with various human diseases of the digestive system, including obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). All three diseases are characterized by modifications of the richness, composition, and metabolic functions of the human intestinal microbiota. Despite being multi-factorial diseases, studies in germ-free animal models have unarguably identified the intestinal microbiota as a causal driver of disease pathogenesis. However, for an increased mechanistic understanding of microbial signatures in human diseases, models require detailed refinement to closely mimic the human microbiota and reflect the complexity and range of dysbiosis observed in patients. The transplantation of human fecal microbiota into animal models represents a powerful tool for studying the causal and functional role of the dysbiotic human microbiome in a pathological context. While human microbiota-associated models were initially employed to study obesity, an increasing number of studies have applied this approach in the context of IBD and CRC over the past decade. In this review, we discuss different approaches that allow the functional validation of the bacterial contribution to human diseases, with emphasis on obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, IBD, and CRC. We discuss the utility of simple models, such as in vitro fermentation systems of the human microbiota and ex vivo intestinal organoids, as well as more complex whole organism models. Our focus here lies on human microbiota-associated mouse models in the context of all three diseases, as well as highlighting the advantages and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Aguanno
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Olivia I. Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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2
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Coquant G, Aguanno D, Pham S, Grellier N, Thenet S, Carrière V, Grill JP, Seksik P. Gossip in the gut: Quorum sensing, a new player in the host-microbiota interactions. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7247-7270. [PMID: 34876787 PMCID: PMC8611211 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i42.7247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are known to communicate with each other and regulate their activities in social networks by secreting and sensing signaling molecules called autoinducers, a process known as quorum sensing (QS). This is a growing area of research in which we are expanding our understanding of how bacteria collectively modify their behavior but are also involved in the crosstalk between the host and gut microbiome. This is particularly relevant in the case of pathologies associated with dysbiosis or disorders of the intestinal ecosystem. This review will examine the different QS systems and the evidence for their presence in the intestinal ecosystem. We will also provide clues on the role of QS molecules that may exert, directly or indirectly through their bacterial gossip, an influence on intestinal epithelial barrier function, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal carcinogenesis. This review aims to provide evidence on the role of QS molecules in gut physiology and the potential shared by this new player. Better understanding the impact of intestinal bacterial social networks and ultimately developing new therapeutic strategies to control intestinal disorders remains a challenge that needs to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garance Coquant
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sandrine Pham
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Nathan Grellier
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Grill
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75012, France
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris 75012, France
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Gao X, Aguanno D, Board M, Callaghan R. Exploiting the metabolic energy demands of drug efflux pumps provides a strategy to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129915. [PMID: 33965440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a prevalent resistance mediator and it requires considerable cellular energy to ensure ATP dependent efflux of anticancer drugs. The glycolytic pathway generates the majority of catabolic energy in cancer cells; however, the high rates of P-gp activity places added strain on its inherently limited capacity to generate ATP. This is particularly relevant for compounds such as verapamil that are believed to trap P-gp in a futile transport process that requires continuing ATP consumption. Ultimately, this leads to cell death and the hypersensitivity of resistant cells to verapamil is termed collateral sensitivity. RESULTS We show that the addition of verapamil to resistant cells produces a prominent reduction in ATP levels that supports the idea of disrupted energy homeostasis. Even in the absence of verapamil, P-gp expressing cells display near maximal rates of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, which prevents an adequate response to the demand for ATP to sustain transport activity. Moreover, the near perpetually maximal rate of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of verapamil resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species that affect cell survival and underscore collateral sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the strained metabolic profiles of P-gp expressing resistant cancer cells can be overwhelmed by additional ATP demands. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Consequently, collateral sensitising drugs may overcome the resistant phenotype by exploiting, rather than inhibiting, the energy demanding activity of pumps such as P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Gao
- Human Disease and Membrane Transport Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Science & Biochemistry, Research School of Biology and Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Human Disease and Membrane Transport Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Science & Biochemistry, Research School of Biology and Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Mary Board
- St. Hilda's College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX4 1DY, UK
| | - Richard Callaghan
- Human Disease and Membrane Transport Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Science & Biochemistry, Research School of Biology and Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
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Postal BG, Aguanno D, Thenet S, Carrière V. Rapid Evaluation of Intestinal Paracellular Permeability Using the Human Enterocytic-Like Caco-2/TC7 Cell Line. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2367:13-26. [PMID: 33730353 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium is a feature of the intestinal barrier, which plays an important role in the physiology of gut and the whole organism. Intestinal paracellular permeability is controlled by complex processes and is involved in the passage of ions and fluids (called pore pathway) and macromolecules (called leak pathway) through tight junctions, which seal the intercellular space. Impairment of intestinal paracellular permeability is associated with several diseases. The identification of a defect in intestinal paracellular permeability may help to understand the implication of gut barrier as a cause or a consequence in human pathology. Here we describe two complementary methods to evaluate alteration of paracellular permeability in cell culture, using the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 and its clone Caco-2/TC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Graziela Postal
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
- Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, Paris, Ile-de-France, France
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
- Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
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Aguanno D, Coquant G, Postal BG, Osinski C, Wieckowski M, Stockholm D, Grill JP, Carrière V, Seksik P, Thenet S. The intestinal quorum sensing 3-oxo-C12:2 Acyl homoserine lactone limits cytokine-induced tight junction disruption. Tissue Barriers 2020; 8:1832877. [PMID: 33100129 PMCID: PMC7714502 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2020.1832877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is home to the largest microbiota community of the human body and strictly regulates its barrier function. Tight junctions (TJ) are major actors of the intestinal barrier, which is impaired in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), along with an unbalanced microbiota composition. With the aim to identify new actors involved in host-microbiota interplay in IBD, we studied N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL), molecules of the bacterial quorum sensing, which also impact the host. We previously identified in the gut a new and prominent AHL, 3-oxo-C12:2, which is lost in IBD. We investigated how 3-oxo-C12:2 impacts the intestinal barrier function, in comparison to 3-oxo-C12, a structurally close AHL produced by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa. Using Caco-2/TC7 cells as a model of polarized enterocytes, we compared the effects on paracellular permeability and TJ integrity of these two AHL, separately or combined with pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, known to disrupt the barrier function during IBD. While 3-oxo-C12 increased paracellular permeability and decreased occludin and tricellulin signal at bicellular and tricellular TJ, respectively, 3-oxo-C12:2 modified neither permeability nor TJ integrity. Whereas 3-oxo-C12 potentiated the hyperpermeability induced by cytokines, 3-oxo-C12:2 attenuated their deleterious effects on occludin and tricellulin, and maintained their interaction with their partner ZO-1. In addition, 3-oxo-C12:2 limited the cytokine-induced ubiquitination of occludin and tricellulin, suggesting that this AHL prevented their endocytosis. In conclusion, the role of 3-oxo-C12:2 in maintaining TJ integrity under inflammatory conditions identifies this new AHL as a potential beneficial actor of host–microbiota interactions in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL University , Paris, France
| | - Garance Coquant
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France
| | - Barbara G Postal
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Centre De Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149 , Paris, France.,Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, Pasteur Institute , Paris, France
| | - Céline Osinski
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches , Paris, France
| | - Margaux Wieckowski
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL University , Paris, France
| | - Daniel Stockholm
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL University , Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Grill
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France.,Département De Gastroentérologie Et Nutrition , Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM , Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL University , Paris, France
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Postal BG, Ghezzal S, Aguanno D, André S, Garbin K, Genser L, Brot-Laroche E, Poitou C, Soula H, Leturque A, Clément K, Carrière V. AhR activation defends gut barrier integrity against damage occurring in obesity. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101007. [PMID: 32360426 PMCID: PMC7267728 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is characterized by systemic and low-grade tissue inflammation. In the intestine, alteration of the intestinal barrier and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the epithelium are important contributors of gut inflammation. Recent studies demonstrated the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the maintenance of immune cells at mucosal barrier sites. A wide range of ligands of external and local origin can activate this receptor. We studied the causal relationship between AhR activation and gut inflammation in obesity. Methods Jejunum samples from subjects with normal weight and severe obesity were phenotyped according to T lymphocyte infiltration in the epithelium from lamina propria and assayed for the mRNA level of AhR target genes. The effect of an AhR agonist was studied in mice and Caco-2/TC7 cells. AhR target gene expression, permeability to small molecules and ions, and location of cell-cell junction proteins were recorded under conditions of altered intestinal permeability. Results We showed that a low AhR tone correlated with a high inflammatory score in the intestinal epithelium in severe human obesity. Moreover, AhR activation protected junctional complexes in the intestinal epithelium in mice challenged by an oral lipid load. AhR ligands prevented chemically induced damage to barrier integrity and cytokine expression in Caco-2/TC7 cells. The PKC and p38MAPK signaling pathways were involved in this AhR action. Conclusions The results of these series of human, mouse, and cell culture experiments demonstrate the protective effect of AhR activation in the intestine targeting particularly tight junctions and cytokine expression. We propose that AhR constitutes a valuable target to protect intestinal functions in metabolic diseases, which can be achieved in the future via food or drug ligands. Intestinal inflammation in obese subjects correlates with low AhR activity. AhR activation protects intestinal epithelium from damages. AhR activation prevents cytokine induction in response to damages. Protective role of AhR activation targets junctional complexes. Protein kinases-dependent signaling pathways are involved in AhR action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara G Postal
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris Dauphine University 05, INSERM, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France; Saint-Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University, INSERM, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sara Ghezzal
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris Dauphine University 05, INSERM, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris Dauphine University 05, INSERM, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France; Saint-Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University, INSERM, F-75012, Paris, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien André
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmics Research Unit Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Kevin Garbin
- CHIC Platform of Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, UPD Univ Paris 05, INSERM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Genser
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmics Research Unit Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Edith Brot-Laroche
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris Dauphine University 05, INSERM, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmics Research Unit Paris, F-75013, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile de France, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Hédi Soula
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmics Research Unit Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Armelle Leturque
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris Dauphine University 05, INSERM, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmics Research Unit Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmics Research Unit Paris, F-75013, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, CRNH Ile de France, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris Dauphine University 05, INSERM, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France; Saint-Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University, INSERM, F-75012, Paris, France.
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Le Gall M, Thenet S, Aguanno D, Jarry AC, Genser L, Ribeiro-Parenti L, Joly F, Ledoux S, Bado A, Le Beyec J. Intestinal plasticity in response to nutrition and gastrointestinal surgery. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:129-143. [PMID: 30517714 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of a material corresponds to its capacity to change its feature under the effect of an external action. Intestinal plasticity could be defined as the ability of the intestine to modify its size or thickness and intestinal cells to modulate their absorption and secretion functions in response to external or internal cues/signals. This review will focus on intestinal adaptation mechanisms in response to diet and nutritional status. These physiological mechanisms allow a fine and rapid adaptation of the gut to promote absorption of ingested food, but they can also lead to obesity in response to overnutrition. This plasticity could thus become a therapeutic target to treat not only undernutrition but also obesity. How the intestine adapts in response to 2 types of surgical remodeling of the digestive tract-extensive bowel resection leading to intestinal failure and surgical treatment of pathological obesity (ie, bariatric surgeries)-will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Le Gall
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Inserm UMRS _1149, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jarry
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Inserm UMRS _1149, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Genser
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France, and the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, Paris, France
| | - Lara Ribeiro-Parenti
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Inserm UMRS _1149, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University Hospital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Francisca Joly
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Inserm UMRS _1149, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Nutritional Support and Intestinal Transplantation, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Ledoux
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Inserm UMRS _1149, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Centre de référence de prise en charge de l'obésité, GHUPNVS, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - André Bado
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Inserm UMRS _1149, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Johanne Le Beyec
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Inserm UMRS _1149, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Paris, France
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Genser L, Aguanno D, Soula HA, Dong L, Trystram L, Assmann K, Salem JE, Vaillant JC, Oppert JM, Laugerette F, Michalski MC, Wind P, Rousset M, Brot-Laroche E, Leturque A, Clément K, Thenet S, Poitou C. Increased jejunal permeability in human obesity is revealed by a lipid challenge and is linked to inflammation and type 2 diabetes. J Pathol 2018; 246:217-230. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Genser
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Paris France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Hédi A Soula
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Liping Dong
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Laurence Trystram
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Functional Coprology; Paris France
| | - Karen Assmann
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team; Paris France
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology and CIC-1421; Paris France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Paris France
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department; CRNH Ile de France; Paris France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- Lyon University, CarMeN laboratory, INRA U1397, Univ Lyon-1, INSERM U1060; INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Lyon University, CarMeN laboratory, INRA U1397, Univ Lyon-1, INSERM U1060; INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne France
| | - Philippe Wind
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avicenne Hospital, Department of Digestive and Metabolic Surgery; Université Paris XIII-UFR SMBH ‘Léonard de Vinci’; Bobigny France
| | - Monique Rousset
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Edith Brot-Laroche
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Armelle Leturque
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department; CRNH Ile de France; Paris France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, PSL University, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05; INSERM, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutriomics Team; Paris France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department; CRNH Ile de France; Paris France
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