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Torne-Srivastava T, Grunwald Y, Dalal A, Yaaran A, Moshelion M, Moran N. A tale of two pumps: Blue light and abscisic acid alter Arabidopsis leaf hydraulics via bundle sheath cell H + -ATPases. Plant Physiol 2024:kiae226. [PMID: 38652805 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The bundle sheath cell (BSC) layer tightly enveloping the xylem throughout the leaf is recognized as a major signal-perceiving "valve" in series with stomata, regulating leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and thereby radial water flow via the transpiring leaf. The BSC blue light (BL) signaling pathway increases Kleaf and the underlying BSC water permeability. Here, we explored the hypothesis that BSCs also harbor a Kleaf-downregulating signaling pathway related to the stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). We employed fluorescence imaging of xylem sap in detached leaves and BSC protoplasts from different genotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants, using pH and membrane potential probes to monitor physiological responses to ABA and BL in combination with pharmacological agents. We found that BL-enhanced Kleaf required elevated BSC cytosolic Ca2+. ABA inhibited BL-activated xylem-sap-acidifying BSC H + -ATPase AHA2 (Arabidopsis H + -ATPase 2), resulting in depolarized BSCs and alkalinized xylem sap. ABA also stimulated BSC vacuolar H + -ATPase (VHA), which alkalinized the BSC cytosol. Each pump stimulation, AHA2 by BL and VHA by ABA (under BL), also required Ca2+. ABA stimulated VHA in the dark depending on Ca2+, but only in an alkaline external medium. Taken together with earlier findings on the pH sensitivity of BSC osmotic water permeability (i.e., aquaporin activity), our results suggest a Ca2+-dependent and pH-mediated causative link between the BL- and ABA-regulated activities of two BSC H + -ATPases and Kleaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmayee Torne-Srivastava
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Grunwald
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ahan Dalal
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface responsible for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. An intact BBB protects the brain from undesired compounds and proteins from the blood; however, BBB impairment is involved in various pathological conditions including stroke. In vivo evaluation of BBB integrity in the post-stroke brain is important for investigating stroke-induced CNS pathogenesis and developing CNS-targeted therapeutic agents. In this chapter, we describe both quantitative and morphometric methods and tools to evaluate BBB integrity in vivo. These methods do not require expensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging capabilities and can be conducted in research laboratories with access to a confocal microscope and fluorescence microplate reader.
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Berg S, Suljovic D, Kärrberg L, Englund M, Bönisch H, Karlberg I, Van Zuydam N, Abrahamsson B, Hugerth AM, Davies N, Bergström CAS. Intestinal Absorption of FITC-Dextrans and Macromolecular Model Drugs in the Rat Intestinal Instillation Model. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2564-2572. [PMID: 35642793 PMCID: PMC9257752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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In this work, we
studied the intestinal absorption of a peptide
with a molecular weight of 4353 Da (MEDI7219) and a protein having
a molecular weight of 11 740 Da (PEP12210) in the rat intestinal
instillation model and compared their absorption to fluorescein isothiocyanate
(FITC)-labeled dextrans of similar molecular weights (4 and 10 kDa).
To increase the absorption of the compounds, the permeation enhancer
sodium caprate (C10) was included in the liquid formulations at concentrations
of 50 and 300 mM. All studied compounds displayed an increased absorption
rate and extent when delivered together with 50 mM C10 as compared
to control formulations not containing C10. The time period during
which the macromolecules maintained an increased permeability through
the intestinal epithelium was approximately 20 min for all studied
compounds at 50 mM C10. For the formulations containing 300 mM C10,
it was noted that the dextrans displayed an increased absorption rate
(compared to 50 mM C10), and their absorption continued for at least
60 min. The absorption rate of MEDI7219, on the other hand, was similar
at both studied C10 concentrations, but the duration of absorption
was extended at the higher enhancer concentration, leading to an increase
in the overall extent of absorption. The absorption of PEP12210 was
similar in terms of the rate and duration at both studied C10 concentrations.
This is likely caused by the instability of this molecule in the intestinal
lumen. The degradation decreases the luminal concentrations over time,
which in turn limits absorption at time points beyond 20 min. The
results from this study show that permeation enhancement effects cannot
be extrapolated between different types of macromolecules. Furthermore,
to maximize the absorption of a macromolecule delivered together with
C10, prolonging the duration of absorption appears to be important.
In addition, the macromolecule needs to be stable enough in the intestinal
lumen to take advantage of the prolonged absorption time window enabled
by the permeation enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Berg
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden.,Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Denny Suljovic
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Lillevi Kärrberg
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Maria Englund
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | | | | | - Natalie Van Zuydam
- Data Science and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Andreas Martin Hugerth
- Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Product Development and Drug Delivery, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Amager Strandvej 405, Kastrup 2770, Denmark
| | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, BMC P.O. Box 580, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
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Gerber W, Svitina H, Steyn D, Peterson B, Kotzé A, Weldon C, Hamman JH. Comparison of RPMI 2650 cell layers and excised sheep nasal epithelial tissues in terms of nasal drug delivery and immunocytochemistry properties. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 113:107131. [PMID: 34699972 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasal drug administration has been identified as a potential alternative to oral drug administration, especially for systemic delivery of large molecular weight compounds. Major advantages of nasal drug delivery include high vascularity and permeability of the epithelial membranes as well as circumvention of first-pass metabolism. RPMI 2650 cell layers (in vitro cell model) and excised sheep nasal mucosal tissues (ex vivo sheep model) were evaluated with regard to epithelial thickness, selected tight junction protein expression (i.e. claudin-1, F-actin chains, zonula occludin-1), extent of p-glycoprotein (P-gp) related efflux of a model compound (Rhodamine-123, R123) and paracellular permeation of a large molecular weight model compound (FITC-dextran 4400, FD4). The cell model grown under liquid cover conditions (LCC) was thinner (24 ± 4 μm) than the epithelial layer of the sheep model (53 ± 4 μm), whereas the thickness of cell model grown under air liquid interface (ALI) conditions (53 ± 8 μm) compared well with that of the sheep model. Although the location and distribution of tight junction proteins and F-actin differed to some extent between the cell model grown under ALI conditions and the sheep model, the extent of paracellular permeation of FD4 was similar (Papp = 0.48 × 10-6 cm.s-1 and 0.46 × 10-6 cm.s-1, respectively). Furthermore, the bi-directional permeation of R123 yielded the same efflux ratio (ER = 2.33) in both models. The permeation results from this exploratory study indicated similarity in terms of compound permeation between the RPMI 2650 nasal epithelial cell line and the excised sheep nasal epithelial tissue model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, North-West, South Africa
| | - Hanna Svitina
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, North-West, South Africa
| | - Dewald Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, North-West, South Africa.
| | - Bianca Peterson
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, North-West, South Africa.
| | - Awie Kotzé
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, North-West, South Africa.
| | - Ché Weldon
- School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Josias H Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, North-West, South Africa.
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Li J, Wu Y, Liu B, Huang Y, Wu Q, Li H, Xiao S, Lin Y, Li T. Retro-orbital injection of FITC-dextran combined with isolectin B4 in assessing the retinal neovascularization defect. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:208. [PMID: 33975571 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A reliable and effective method is required to deliver agent that can aid the in vivo imaging of retinal vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate retro-orbital (RO) injection of fluorescein-labeled isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) as a method of demonstrating retinal neovascularization (NV) and avascular areas in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice. Methods Different concentrations of FITC-dextran were used to compare the efficacy of this agent in perfusing the retinal vessels. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the safety of RO injection. The vitreous blood vessels and extent of NV were assessed in P17 OIR mice using FITC-dextran and compared with the corresponding measurements obtained following isolectin B4 staining or the combination of both methods. Results The fluorescence of small vessels and neovascular tufts could be observed clearly following RO injection of 0.05 ml of 25 mg/ml or 50 mg/ml FITC-dextran. No visible damage to tissues adjacent to the injection site was discovered. Vitreous blood flow was gradually reduced from P0 to P5 and eventually disappeared in P17 OIR mice, as demonstrated by FITC-dextran perfusion. The retinal NV areas assessed by isolectin B4 were larger than those assessed by FITC-dextran, but the retinal avascular areas were smaller. The combination of both methods could conduce to distinguish non-functional blood vessels. Conclusions RO injection of FITC-dextran combined with isolectin B4 is an effective, optimal method for assessing the NV area and avascular area.
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Jiang Y, Song J, Xu Y, Liu C, Qian W, Bai T, Hou X. Piezo1 regulates intestinal epithelial function by affecting the tight junction protein claudin-1 via the ROCK pathway. Life Sci 2021; 275:119254. [PMID: 33636174 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Defective tight junctions (TJs) can induce intestinal epithelial dysfunction, which participates in various diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome. However, the mechanisms of TJ defects remain unclear. Our study revealed the role of Piezo1 in regulating intestinal epithelial function and TJs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 were cultured on Transwell plate to form an epithelial barrier in vitro, and Piezo1 expression was manipulated using a lentivirus vector. Epithelial function was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER) and 4-kDa FITC-dextran (FD4) transmission. TJ proteins (claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1) were evaluated by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunostaining analysis. Potential signal pathways, including the ROCK and Erk pathways, were detected. Moreover, to explore the regulatory effect of Piezo1 activity on epithelial function, inhibitors (ruthenium red, GsMTx4) and an agonist (Yoda1) were introduced both ex vivo and in vitro. KEY FINDINGS Alteration of Piezo1 expression altered epithelial function and the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-1. Piezo1 expression regulated phosphorylated ROCK1/2 expression, whereas interference on ROCK1/2 prevented the regulation of claudin-1 by Piezo1. In both Caco-2 monolayer and mouse colon epithelium, Piezo1 activity directly modulated epithelial function and permeability. SIGNIFICANCE Piezo1 negatively regulates epithelial barrier function by affecting the expression of claudin-1. Such regulation may be achieved partially via the ROCK1/2 pathway. Moreover, activating Piezo1 can induce epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Caiyuan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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Postal BG, Aguanno D, Thenet S, Carrière V. Rapid Evaluation of Intestinal Paracellular Permeability Using the Human Enterocytic-Like Caco-2/TC7 Cell Line. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2367:13-26. [PMID: 33730353 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium is a feature of the intestinal barrier, which plays an important role in the physiology of gut and the whole organism. Intestinal paracellular permeability is controlled by complex processes and is involved in the passage of ions and fluids (called pore pathway) and macromolecules (called leak pathway) through tight junctions, which seal the intercellular space. Impairment of intestinal paracellular permeability is associated with several diseases. The identification of a defect in intestinal paracellular permeability may help to understand the implication of gut barrier as a cause or a consequence in human pathology. Here we describe two complementary methods to evaluate alteration of paracellular permeability in cell culture, using the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 and its clone Caco-2/TC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Graziela Postal
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Biology and Genetics of Bacterial Cell Wall Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Doriane Aguanno
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Thenet
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
- Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, Paris, Ile-de-France, France
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, INSERM UMRS 938, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
- Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, AP-HP, Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
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Kikusato M, Xue G, Pastor A, Niewold TA, Toyomizu M. Effects of plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids on growth performance and intestinal function of broiler chickens under heat stress. Poult Sci 2020; 100:957-963. [PMID: 33518149 PMCID: PMC7858171 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler chickens reared under heat stress (HS) conditions have decreased growth performance and show metabolic and immunologic alterations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a standardized blend of plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) on the growth performance, protein catabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory status of HS-treated chickens. Three hundred sixty 0-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly distributed into 2 treatment groups: control diet (no additives) or diet supplemented with 100 ppm IQ. At day 14, the chicks in each diet group were further divided into 2 groups, each of which was reared under thermoneutral (TN) (22.4°C) or constant HS (33.0°C) conditions until day 42. Each group consisted of 6 replicates with 15 birds per replicate, and chickens were provided ad libitum access to water and feed. During days 15–21, the body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were significantly lower in the HS treatment group than in the TN group, and feed conversion ratio was higher (P < 0.05); these factors were not alleviated by IQ supplementation. During days 22–42, the final BW, BWG, and FI of the HS birds were better among those administered IQ than those that were not (P < 0.05). HS treatment increased plasma lipid peroxide, corticosterone, and uric acid concentrations as well as serum fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran, a marker of intestinal barrier function, and decreased plasma total protein content (P < 0.05). These changes were not observed in the IQ group, suggesting that IQ supplementation improved oxidative damage, protein catabolism, and intestinal barrier function of chickens under HS. Isoquinoline alkaloid supplementation inhibited the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor–like factor 1A, and inducible nitric oxide synthase under HS treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggest that IQ supplementation can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens under HS conditions, which may be associated with amelioration of oxidative damage, protein catabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Guangda Xue
- Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, 65343 Eltville, Germany
| | - Anja Pastor
- Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, 65343 Eltville, Germany
| | | | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Jackson SR, Costa MFDM, Pastore CF, Zhao G, Weiner AI, Adams S, Palashikar G, Quansah K, Hankenson K, Herbert DR, Vaughan AE. R-spondin 2 mediates neutrophil egress into the alveolar space through increased lung permeability. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:54. [PMID: 32019591 PMCID: PMC7001225 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective R-spondin 2 (RSPO2) is required for lung morphogenesis, activates Wnt signaling, and is upregulated in idiopathic lung fibrosis. Our objective was to investigate whether RSPO2 is similarly important in homeostasis of the adult lung. While investigating the characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage in RSPO2-deficient (RSPO2−/−) mice, we observed unexpected changes in neutrophil homeostasis and vascular permeability when compared to control (RSPO2+/+) mice at baseline. Here we quantify these observations to explore how tonic RSPO2 expression impacts lung homeostasis. Results Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated significantly elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells from RSPO2−/− mice. Likewise, immunocytochemical (ICC) analysis demonstrated significantly more MPO+ cells in BALF from RSPO2−/− mice compared to controls, confirming the increase of infiltrated neutrophils. We then assessed lung permeability/barrier disruption via Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran instillation and found a significantly higher dextran concentration in the plasma of RSPO2−/− mice compared to identically treated RSPO2+/+ mice. These data demonstrate that RSPO2 may be crucial for blood-gas barrier integrity and can limit neutrophil migration from circulation into alveolar spaces associated with increased lung permeability and/or barrier disruption. This study indicates that additional research is needed to evaluate RSPO2 in scenarios characterized by pulmonary edema or neutrophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M F D M Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C F Pastore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - G Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - A I Weiner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - S Adams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - G Palashikar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - K Quansah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - K Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - D R Herbert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - A E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Old Vet 372E, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Pérez-Herrero E, García-García P, Gómez-Morales J, Llabrés M, Delgado A, Évora C. New injectable two-step forming hydrogel for delivery of bioactive substances in tissue regeneration. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:149-162. [PMID: 31198583 PMCID: PMC6547312 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A hydrogel based on chitosan, collagen, hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol was developed and characterized. The incorporation of nano-hydroxyapatite and pre-encapsulated hydrophobic/hydrophilic model drugs diminished the porosity of hydrogel from 81.62 ± 2.25% to 69.98 ± 3.07%. Interactions between components of hydrogel, demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy and rheology, generated a network that was able to trap bioactive components and delay the burst delivery. The thixotropic behavior of hydrogel provided adaptability to facilitate its implantation in a minimally invasive way. Release profiles from microspheres included or not in hydrogel revealed a two-phase behavior with a burst- and a controlled-release period. The same release rate for microspheres included or not in the hydrogel in the controlled-release period demonstrated that mass transfer process was controlled by internal diffusion. Effective diffusion coefficients, D eff, that describe internal diffusion inside microspheres, and mass transfer coefficients, h, i.e. the contribution of hydrogel to mass transfer, were determined using 'genetic algorithms', obtaining values between 2.64·10-15 and 6.67·10-15 m2/s for D eff and 8.50·10-10 to 3.04·10-9 m/s for h. The proposed model fits experimental data, obtaining an R 2-value ranged between 95.41 and 98.87%. In vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells in hydrogel showed no manifestations of intolerance or toxicity, observing an intense proliferation of the cells after 7 days, being most of the scaffold surface occupied by living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Patricia García-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Morales
- Laboratory of Crystallographic Studies, Andalusian Earth Sciences Institute, Spanish Research Council—University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Matias Llabrés
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Tropical Diseases and Healthcare of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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11
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Haasbroek A, Willers C, Glyn M, du Plessis L, Hamman J. Intestinal Drug Absorption Enhancement by Aloe vera Gel and Whole Leaf Extract: In Vitro Investigations into the Mechanisms of Action. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E36. [PMID: 30669246 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-administration of absorption enhancing agents with macromolecular drugs (e.g., protein and peptide drugs) has been identified as a means to improve the oral bioavailability of these drugs. Absorption-enhancing agents of natural origins have received a great deal of attention due to their sustainable production, in support of green chemistry. In previous studies, certain parts of the Aloe vera leaf (e.g., gel and whole leaf extract) have shown a potential to enhance drug permeation across the intestinal epithelial barrier. The mechanism of the drug-absorption-enhancement action and the capacity for absorption-enhancement of the A. vera gel and whole leaf, were investigated in this study. A clear decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of Caco-2 cell monolayers exposed to A. vera gel and wholeleaf extract, in various concentrations, indicated the opening of tight junctions between the epithelial cells. The transport of Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran, with a molecular weight of 4 kDa (FD-4), could be enhanced across the Caco-2 cell monolayers, by the A. vera gel and whole-leaf extract, but not the FITC-dextran with larger molecular weights (i.e., 10, 20, and 40 kDa), which indicated a limited drug absorption enhancement capacity, in terms of the molecular size. Accumulation of FD-4 between the Caco-2 cells (and not within the cells), after treatment with the A. vera gel and whole-leaf extract was shown with a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging, indicating that the paracellular transport of FD-4 occurred after the interaction of the A. vera gel and whole-leaf extract, with the epithelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, changes in the F-actin distribution in the cytoskeleton of the Caco-2 cell monolayers was observed by means of a fluorescence staining, which confirmed tight junction modulation as the mechanism of action for the absorption enhancement effect of the A. vera gel and whole-leaf extract.
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12
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Guo L, Fernandez R, Sakamoto A, Cornelissen A, Paek KH, Lee PJ, Weinstein LM, Collado-Rivera CJ, Harari E, Kutys R, Samuda TS, Singer NA, Kutyna MD, Kolodgie FD, Virmani R, Finn AV. Vascular Permeability Assay in Human Coronary and Mouse Brachiocephalic Arteries. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e3048. [PMID: 30613761 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Previous work, including ours, has focused on the role of intraplaque hemorrhage, particularly from immature microvessel angiogenesis, as an important contributor to plaque progression via increases in vascular permeability leading to further intraplaque hemorrhage, which increases red cell membrane-derived free cholesterol in plaque content and inflammatory cell recruitment. Evans Blue Dye (EBD) assay is widely used as a standard assay for vasculature permeability. However, the method has not been established in fresh human coronary artery autopsy samples to evaluate intraplaque microvessel permeability and angiogenesis. In this protocol, we describe a method to evaluate human coronary samples for microvascular permeability, including procedures to perfuse coronary arteries, collection of artery samples for histological analysis and immunostaining as well as the use of appropriate methodology to analyze the images. An optional procedure is also provided for the use of FITC-dextran in mouse model to evaluate vascular permeability. These Evans Blue Dye procedures may be useful in providing functional measure of the endothelium integrity and permeability in both human samples and animal models in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Anne Cornelissen
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Emanuel Harari
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Park D, Lee SJ, Kim JC. pH-Sensitive Self-Assembled Microspheres Composed of Poly(Ethyleneimine) and Cinnamic Acid. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:253-263. [PMID: 28676959 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microspheres which were sensitive to pH change were developed by utilizing cinnamic acid (CA) as a physical cross-linker for poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). At pH 7.0, the microspheres were efficiently formed at the PEI/CA ratio of 1:3.4, 1:5.1, and 1:7.1 (w/w), which corresponded to the protonated amino group/deprotonated carboxyl group ratio of 5:5, 4:6, and 3:7. The mean diameter of wet microspheres was 3.2 ± 0.3 to 8.8 ± 0.5 μm and that of dry ones was 1.7 ± 0.2 to 2.7 ± 0.2 μm. The microspheres were disappeared upon the alkalification, possibly because the electrostatic interaction between PEI and CA was slackened down and the hydrophobic interaction among CA molecules was weakened. At pH 5.0 and 7.0, the microsphere released its content in a sustained manner and the release degree in 24 h was less than 40%. Whereas, at pH 8.0 and 9.0, the microsphere exhibited a burst release and the release degree in 24 h was greater than 80%. In the alkali condition, not only the electrostatic interaction between PEI and CA but also the hydrophobic interaction among CA molecules became weaker, leading to the disintegration of the microsphere and resulting in a burst and intensive release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Park
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, 192-1, Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28674, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, 192-1, Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Abstract
In this study, dissolving microneedles (MNs) were used to enhance ocular drug delivery of macromolecules. MNs were fabricated using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer of various molecular weights (MWs) containing three model molecules of increasing MW, namely fluorescein sodium and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (with MW of 70 k and 150 k Da). Arrays (3 × 3) of PVP MNs with conical shape measuring about 800 μm in height with a 300 μm base diameter, containing the model drugs, were fabricated and characterized for their fracture forces, insertion forces (in the sclera and cornea), depth of penetration (using OCT and confocal imaging), dissolution time and in vitro permeation. The average drug content of the MNs (only in MN shafts) ranged from 0.96 to 9.91 μg, and the average moisture content was below 11 %. High MW PVP produced MNs that can withstand higher forces with minimal reduction in needle height. PVP MNs showed rapid dissolution that ranged from 10 to 180 s, which was dependent upon PVP's MW. In vitro studies showed significant enhancement of macromolecule permeation when MNs were used, across both the corneal and scleral tissues, in comparison to topically applied aqueous solutions. Confocal images showed that the macromolecules formed depots within the tissues, which led to sustained permeation. However, use of MNs did not significantly benefit the permeation of small molecules; nevertheless, MN application has the potential for drug retention within the selected ocular tissues unlike topical application for small molecules. The material used in the fabrication of the MNs was found to be biocompatible with retinal cells (i.e. ARPE-19). Overall, this study reported the design and fabrication of minimally invasive rapidly dissolving polymeric MN arrays which were able to deliver high MW molecules to the eye via the intrastromal or intrascleral route. Thus, dissolving MNs have potential applications in enhancing ocular delivery of both small and macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Raj Singh Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Farhan Al-Shammari
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ahlam A Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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15
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Brown DJ, Pastras CJ, Curthoys IS, Southwell CS, Van Roon L. Endolymph movement visualized with light sheet fluorescence microscopy in an acute hydrops model. Hear Res 2016; 339:112-24. [PMID: 27377233 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There are a variety of techniques available to investigate endolymph dynamics, primarily seeking to understand the cause of endolymphatic hydrops. Here we have taken the novel approach of injecting, via a glass micropipette, fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dex) and artificial endolymph into scala media of anaesthetized guinea pigs, with subsequent imaging of the inner ear using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) as a means to obtain highly resolved 3D visualization of fluid movements. Our results demonstrate endolymph movement into the utricle, semicircular canals and endolymphatic duct and sac when more than 2.5 μl of fluid had been injected into scala media, with no apparent movement of fluid into the perilymphatic compartments. There was no movement of endolymph into these compartments when less than 2.5 μl was injected. The remarkable uptake of the FITC-dex into the endolymphatic duct, including an absorption into the periductal channels surrounding the endolymphatic duct, highlights the functional role this structure plays in endolymph volume regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Brown
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | | | - Ian S Curthoys
- Vestibular Research Laboratory, The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | | | - Lieke Van Roon
- University of Utrecht, Faculty Nature and Technique, Inst. for Life Sciences and Chemistry, Utrecht, 3508 AD, The Netherlands
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16
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Kumar S, Meena VK, Hazari PP, Sharma RK. FITC-Dextran entrapped and silica coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles for synchronous optical and magnetic resonance imaging applications. Int J Pharm 2016; 506:242-52. [PMID: 27032564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report, microemulsion mediated synthesis of FITC-dextran dye entrapped and silica coated Gd2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) for dual purpose of optical and magnetic resonance imaging, in the present study. TEM image revealed that the average size of the NPs is 18nm and hydrodynamic diameter of the particles as measured by DLS comes out to be about 16nm. Gd2O3 core show paramagnetism which is affirmed by the NMR line broadening effect on neighboring water proton spectrum and also by magnetization curve obtained in VSM analysis. The fluorescence of the entrapped dye is confirmed by the UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Nanoencapsulation of FITC-dextran fluorophore was found to increase its optical activity and provided a blanket against quenching. Moreover, TGA data revealed that entrapment of dye imparts thermal stability to it and enhances its fluorescence in comparison to bare dye. The release kinetic pattern (at pH 7.4) of the entrapped dye revealed that these particles behave as non-releasing system. The in-vitro cell viability (SRB) assay of the particles done on normal cell line (HEK-293) as well as cancerous cell line (A-549) indicated non-cytotoxic nature of the particles. In a nut-shell, these particles have the potential to be efficiently used for optical and magnetic resonance imaging. We anticipate that further optimization of these particles can be done by either conjugating or entrapping a drug for targeted drug delivery which would open more prospective options in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Kumar
- Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Meena
- Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Puja Panwar Hazari
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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17
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Volynets V, Reichold A, Bárdos G, Rings A, Bleich A, Bischoff SC. Assessment of the Intestinal Barrier with Five Different Permeability Tests in Healthy C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:737-46. [PMID: 26520109 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal permeability is thought to be of major relevance for digestive and nutrition-related diseases, and therefore has been studied in numerous mouse models of disease. However, it is unclear which tools are the preferable ones, and how normal values should be defined. AIMS To compare different in vivo permeability tests in healthy mice of commonly used genetic backgrounds. METHODS We assessed the intestinal barrier in male and female C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice of different ages, using four orally administered permeability markers, FITC-dextran 4000 (FITC-D4000) and ovalbumin (OVA) measured in plasma, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lactulose/mannitol (Lac/Man) measured in urine, and by assessing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in portal vein plasma. RESULTS After gavage, FITC-D4000, OVA, Lac/Man, and PEG400, but not PEG4000, were detectable in plasma or urine. Female mice tended to have a higher permeability according to the FITC-D4000, OVA, and PEG400 tests, but the Lac/Man ratio was higher in males. No significant differences between the two mouse strains of young and old mice were observed except for mannitol recovery, which was higher in BALB/cJ mice compared to C57BL/6J mice (p < 0.05). Virtually no LPS was detected in healthy mice. For all markers, normal values have been defined based on 5th-95th percentile ranges of our data. CONCLUSION Selected oral permeability tests, such as FITC-D4000, OVA, PEG400, and Lac/Man, as well as LPS measurements in portal vein plasma, could be suitable for the evaluation of the intestinal barrier in mice, if used in a standardized way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Volynets
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Astrid Reichold
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gyöngyi Bárdos
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Rings
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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18
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Hong SH, Khoutorova L, Bazan NG, Belayev L. Docosahexaenoic acid improves behavior and attenuates blood-brain barrier injury induced by focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Exp Transl Stroke Med 2015; 7:3. [PMID: 25642315 PMCID: PMC4312454 DOI: 10.1186/s13231-014-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic brain injury disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then triggers a cascade of events, leading to edema formation, secondary brain injury and poor neurological outcomes. Recently, we have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves functional and histological outcomes following experimental stroke. However, little is known about the effect of DHA on BBB dysfunction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study was designed to determine whether DHA protects against BBB disruption after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS Physiologically-controlled SD rats received 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). DHA (5 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered I.V. at 3 h after onset of MCAo. Fluorometric quantitation of Evans Blue dye (EB) was performed in eight brain regions at 6 h, 24 h or 72 h after MCAo. Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) - dextran leakage and histopathology was evaluated on day 3 after stroke. RESULTS Physiological variables were stable and showed no significant differences between groups. DHA improved neurological deficits at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and decreased EB extravasation in the ischemic hemisphere at 6 h (by 30%), 24 h (by 48%) and 72 h (by 38%). In addition, EB extravasation was decreased by DHA in the cortex and total hemisphere as well. FITC-dextran leakage was reduced by DHA treatment on day 3 by 68% compared to the saline group. DHA treatment attenuated cortical (by 50%) and total infarct volume (by 38%) compared to vehicle-treated rats on day 3 after stroke. CONCLUSIONS DHA therapy diminishes BBB damage accompanied with the acceleration of behavioral recovery and attenuation of the infarct volume. It is reasonable to propose that DHA has the potential for treating focal ischemic stroke in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ha Hong
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Larissa Khoutorova
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Ludmila Belayev
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
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