1
|
Torne-Srivastava T, Grunwald Y, Dalal A, Yaaran A, Moshelion M, Moran N. A tale of two pumps: Blue light and abscisic acid alter Arabidopsis leaf hydraulics via bundle sheath cell H + -ATPases. Plant Physiol 2024:kiae226. [PMID: 38652805 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The bundle sheath cell (BSC) layer tightly enveloping the xylem throughout the leaf is recognized as a major signal-perceiving "valve" in series with stomata, regulating leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and thereby radial water flow via the transpiring leaf. The BSC blue light (BL) signaling pathway increases Kleaf and the underlying BSC water permeability. Here, we explored the hypothesis that BSCs also harbor a Kleaf-downregulating signaling pathway related to the stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). We employed fluorescence imaging of xylem sap in detached leaves and BSC protoplasts from different genotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants, using pH and membrane potential probes to monitor physiological responses to ABA and BL in combination with pharmacological agents. We found that BL-enhanced Kleaf required elevated BSC cytosolic Ca2+. ABA inhibited BL-activated xylem-sap-acidifying BSC H + -ATPase AHA2 (Arabidopsis H + -ATPase 2), resulting in depolarized BSCs and alkalinized xylem sap. ABA also stimulated BSC vacuolar H + -ATPase (VHA), which alkalinized the BSC cytosol. Each pump stimulation, AHA2 by BL and VHA by ABA (under BL), also required Ca2+. ABA stimulated VHA in the dark depending on Ca2+, but only in an alkaline external medium. Taken together with earlier findings on the pH sensitivity of BSC osmotic water permeability (i.e., aquaporin activity), our results suggest a Ca2+-dependent and pH-mediated causative link between the BL- and ABA-regulated activities of two BSC H + -ATPases and Kleaf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmayee Torne-Srivastava
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Grunwald
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ahan Dalal
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grunwald Y, Yaaran A, Moshelion M. Illuminating plant water dynamics: the role of light in leaf hydraulic regulation. New Phytol 2024; 241:1404-1414. [PMID: 38155452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity and quality influence photosynthesis directly but also have an indirect effect by increasing stomatal apertures and enhancing gas exchange. Consequently, in areas such as the upper canopy, a high water demand for transpiration and temperature regulation is created. This paper explores how light intensity and the natural high Blue-Light (BL) : Red-Light (RL) ratio in these areas, is important for controlling leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) by BL signal transduction, increasing water permeability in cells surrounding the vascular tissue, in supporting the enormous water demands. Conversely, shaded inner-canopy areas receive less radiation, have lower water and cooling demands, and exhibit reduced Kleaf due to diminished intensity and BL induction. Intriguingly, shaded leaves display higher water-use efficiency (compared with upper-canopy) due to decreased transpiration and cooling requirements while the presence of RL supports photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Grunwald
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- The Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7632706, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lupo Y, Moshelion M. The balance of survival: Comparative drought response in wild and domesticated tomatoes. Plant Sci 2024; 339:111928. [PMID: 37992898 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants have the ability to undergo reversible behavioral, morphological, or physiological changes in response to environmental conditions. This plasticity enables plants to cope with uncertain environmental conditions, such as drought. A primary plastic trait is the rate of stomatal response to changes in ambient conditions, which determines the amount of water lost via transpiration, as well as levels of CO2 absorption, growth, and productivity. Here, we examined the differences between domesticated (S. lycopersicum cv. M82) and wild tomato (S. pennellii) species and their responses to drought stress. The plants were grown in pots in a functional phenotyping platform (FPP) in a semi-controlled environment greenhouse. We found that the domesticated tomato had a higher transpiration rate (E) and higher stomatal conductance (gs). The domesticated tomato also had greater biomass and greater leaf area under drought conditions, as compared to the wild tomato. Despite the domesticated tomato's higher E and higher gs, there was no difference between the photosynthetic rates (An) of the two lines. Moreover, the wild tomato had a higher maximum rate of rubisco activity (Vcmax), which might explain its greater leaf level and whole canopy water-use efficiency. The domesticated tomato's higher E and greater leaf area led to its earlier exposure to drought stress, as compared to the wild tomato, which maintained higher levels of soil water, enabling it to maintain steady rates of whole-canopy stomatal conductance (gsc) for extended periods. The wild tomato was also more sensitive to soil water availability and lowered its maximum transpiration rate (Emax) at a higher soil-water-content (SWC) level compared to the domesticated species. Our results suggest that the domestication of tomatoes favored morphological/anatomical performance traits over physiological efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lupo
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Appiah M, Abdulai I, Schulman AH, Moshelion M, Dewi ES, Daszkowska-Golec A, Bracho-Mujica G, Rötter RP. Drought response of water-conserving and non-conserving spring barley cultivars. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1247853. [PMID: 37941662 PMCID: PMC10628443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1247853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Breeding barley cultivars adapted to drought requires in-depth knowledge on physiological drought responses. Methods We used a high-throughput functional phenotyping platform to examine the response of four high-yielding European spring barley cultivars to a standardized drought treatment imposed around flowering. Results Cv. Chanell showed a non-conserving water-use behavior with high transpiration and maximum productivity under well-watered conditions but rapid transpiration decrease under drought. The poor recovery upon re-irrigation translated to large yield losses. Cv. Baronesse showed the most water-conserving behavior, with the lowest pre-drought transpiration and the most gradual transpiration reduction under drought. Its good recovery (resilience) prevented large yield losses. Cv. Formula was less conserving than cv. Baronesse and produced low yet stable yields. Cv. RGT's dynamic water use with high transpiration under ample water supply and moderate transpiration decrease under drought combined with high resilience secured the highest and most stable yields. Discussion Such a dynamic water-use behavior combined with higher drought resilience and favorable root traits could potentially create an ideotype for intermediate drought. Prospective studies will examine these results in field experiments and will use the newly gained understanding on water use in barley to improve process descriptions in crop simulation models to support crop model-aided ideotype design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Appiah
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Issaka Abdulai
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elvira S. Dewi
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara, Indonesia
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gennady Bracho-Mujica
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reimund P. Rötter
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yaaran A, Erez E, Procko C, Moshelion M. Leaf hydraulic maze: Abscisic acid effects on bundle sheath, palisade, and spongy mesophyll conductance. Plant Physiol 2023; 193:1349-1364. [PMID: 37390615 PMCID: PMC10517257 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) facilitates the supply of water, enabling continual CO2 uptake while maintaining plant water status. We hypothesized that bundle sheath and mesophyll cells play key roles in regulating the radial flow of water out of the xylem by responding to abscisic acid (ABA). Thus, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants that are insensitive to ABA in their bundle sheath (BSabi) and mesophyll (MCabi) cells. We also introduced tissue-specific fluorescent markers to distinguish between cells of the palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and bundle sheath. Both BSabi and MCabi plants showed greater Kleaf and transpiration under optimal conditions. MCabi plants had larger stomatal apertures, higher stomatal index, and greater vascular diameter and biomass relative to the wild-type (WT) and BSabi plants. In response to xylem-fed ABA, both transgenic and WT plants reduced their Kleaf and transpiration. The membrane osmotic water permeability (Pf) of the WT's spongy mesophyll was higher than that of the WT's palisade mesophyll. While the palisade mesophyll maintained a low Pf in response to high ABA, the spongy mesophyll Pf was reduced. Compared to the WT, BSabi bundle sheath cells had a higher Pf, but MCabi spongy mesophyll had an unexpected lower Pf. These results suggest that tissue-specific regulation of Pf by ABA may be confounded by whole-leaf hydraulics and transpiration. ABA increased the symplastic permeability, but its contribution to Kleaf was negligible. We suggest that the bundle sheath spongy mesophyll pathway dynamically responds to the fluctuations in water availability, while the palisade mesophyll serves as a hydraulic buffer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Yaaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Erez
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Carl Procko
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paul M, Tanskanen J, Jääskeläinen M, Chang W, Dalal A, Moshelion M, Schulman AH. Drought and recovery in barley: key gene networks and retrotransposon response. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1193284. [PMID: 37377802 PMCID: PMC10291200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction During drought, plants close their stomata at a critical soil water content (SWC), together with making diverse physiological, developmental, and biochemical responses. Methods Using precision-phenotyping lysimeters, we imposed pre-flowering drought on four barley varieties (Arvo, Golden Promise, Hankkija 673, and Morex) and followed their physiological responses. For Golden Promise, we carried out RNA-seq on leaf transcripts before and during drought and during recovery, also examining retrotransposon BARE1expression. Transcriptional data were subjected to network analysis. Results The varieties differed by their critical SWC (ϴcrit), Hankkija 673 responding at the highest and Golden Promise at the lowest. Pathways connected to drought and salinity response were strongly upregulated during drought; pathways connected to growth and development were strongly downregulated. During recovery, growth and development pathways were upregulated; altogether, 117 networked genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated autophagy were downregulated. Discussion The differential response to SWC suggests adaptation to distinct rainfall patterns. We identified several strongly differentially expressed genes not earlier associated with drought response in barley. BARE1 transcription is strongly transcriptionally upregulated by drought and downregulated during recovery unequally between the investigated cultivars. The downregulation of networked autophagy genes suggests a role for autophagy in drought response; its importance to resilience should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitry Paul
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tanskanen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Jääskeläinen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wei Chang
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahan Dalal
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grunwald Y, Gosa SC, Torne-Srivastava T, Moran N, Moshelion M. Out of the blue: Phototropins of the leaf vascular bundle sheath mediate the regulation of leaf hydraulic conductance by blue light. Plant Cell 2022; 34:2328-2342. [PMID: 35285491 PMCID: PMC9134085 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf veins bundle-sheath cells (BSCs)-a selective barrier to water and solutes entering the mesophyll-increase the leaf radial hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) by acidifying the xylem sap by their plasma membrane H+-ATPase, AHA2. Based on this and on the BSCs' expression of phototropins PHOT1 and PHOT2, and the known blue light (BL)-induced Kleaf increase, we hypothesized that, resembling the guard cells, BL perception by the BSCs' phots activates its H+-ATPase, which, consequently, upregulates Kleaf. Indeed, under BL, the Kleaf of the knockout mutant lines phot1-5, phot2-1, phot1-5 phot2-1, and aha2-4 was lower than that of the wild-type (WT). BSC-only-directed complementation of phot1-5 or aha2-4 by PHOT1 or AHA2, respectively, restored the BL-induced Kleaf increase. BSC-specific silencing of PHOT1 or PHOT2 prevented such Kleaf increase. A xylem-fed kinase inhibitor (tyrphostin 9) replicated this also in WT plants. White light-ineffective in the phot1-5 mutant-acidified the xylem sap (relative to darkness) in WT and in the PHOT1-complemented phot1-5. These results, supported by BL increase of BSC protoplasts' water permeability and cytosolic pH and their hyperpolarization by BL, identify the BSCs as a second phot-controlled water conductance element in leaves, in series with stomatal conductance. Through both, BL regulates the leaf water balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanmayee Torne-Srivastava
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gosa SC, Koch A, Shenhar I, Hirschberg J, Zamir D, Moshelion M. The potential of dynamic physiological traits in young tomato plants to predict field-yield performance. Plant Sci 2022; 315:111122. [PMID: 35067315 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To address the challenge of predicting tomato yields in the field, we used whole-plant functional phenotyping to evaluate water relations under well-irrigated and drought conditions. The genotypes tested are known to exhibit variability in their yields in wet and dry fields. The examined lines included two lines with recessive mutations that affect carotenoid biosynthesis, zeta z2083 and tangerine t3406, both isogenic to the processing tomato variety M82. The two mutant lines were reciprocally grafted onto M82, and multiple physiological characteristics were measured continuously, before, during and after drought treatment in the greenhouse. A comparative analysis of greenhouse and field yields showed that the whole-canopy stomatal conductance (gsc) in the morning and cumulative transpiration (CT) were strongly correlated with field measurements of total yield (TY: r2 = 0.9 and 0.77, respectively) and plant vegetative weight (PW: r2 = 0.6 and 0.94, respectively). Furthermore, the minimum CT during drought and the rate of recovery when irrigation was resumed were both found to predict resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanbon Chaka Gosa
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Amit Koch
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Itamar Shenhar
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Dani Zamir
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shteinberg M, Mishra R, Anfoka G, Altaleb M, Brotman Y, Moshelion M, Gorovits R, Czosnek H. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Promotes Plant Tolerance to Drought. Cells 2021; 10:2875. [PMID: 34831098 PMCID: PMC8616339 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research points to a positive interplay between viruses and plants. Tomato yellow curl virus (TYLCV) is able to protect tomato host plants against extreme drought. To envisage the use of virus protective capacity in agriculture, TYLCV-resistant tomato lines have to be infected first with the virus before planting. Such virus-resistant tomato plants contain virus amounts that do not cause disease symptoms, growth inhibition, or yield loss, but are sufficient to modify the metabolism of the plant, resulting in improved tolerance to drought. This phenomenon is based on the TYLCV-dependent stabilization of amounts of key osmoprotectants induced by drought (soluble sugars, amino acids, and proteins). Although in infected TYLCV-susceptible tomatoes, stress markers also show an enhanced stability, in infected TYLCV-resistant plants, water balance and osmolyte homeostasis reach particularly high levels. These tomato plants survive long periods of time during water withholding. However, after recovery to normal irrigation, they produce fruits which are not exposed to drought, similarly to the control plants. Using these features, it might be possible to cultivate TYLCV-resistant plants during seasons characterized by water scarcity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshik Shteinberg
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Ritesh Mishra
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan; (G.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Miassar Altaleb
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan; (G.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Rena Gorovits
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.S.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (R.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pandey AK, Jiang L, Moshelion M, Gosa SC, Sun T, Lin Q, Wu R, Xu P. Functional physiological phenotyping with functional mapping: A general framework to bridge the phenotype-genotype gap in plant physiology. iScience 2021; 24:102846. [PMID: 34381971 PMCID: PMC8333144 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent years have witnessed the emergence of high-throughput phenotyping techniques. In particular, these techniques can characterize a comprehensive landscape of physiological traits of plants responding to dynamic changes in the environment. These innovations, along with the next-generation genomic technologies, have brought plant science into the big-data era. However, a general framework that links multifaceted physiological traits to DNA variants is still lacking. Here, we developed a general framework that integrates functional physiological phenotyping (FPP) with functional mapping (FM). This integration, implemented with high-dimensional statistical reasoning, can aid in our understanding of how genotype is translated toward phenotype. As a demonstration of method, we implemented the transpiration and soil-plant-atmosphere measurements of a tomato introgression line population into the FPP-FM framework, facilitating the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that mediate the spatiotemporal change of transpiration rate and the test of how these QTLs control, through their interaction networks, phenotypic plasticity under drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Pandey
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Corresponding author
| | - Sanbon Chaka Gosa
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ting Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Biozeron Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Pei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grunwald Y, Wigoda N, Sade N, Yaaran A, Torne T, Gosa SC, Moran N, Moshelion M. Arabidopsis leaf hydraulic conductance is regulated by xylem sap pH, controlled, in turn, by a P-type H + -ATPase of vascular bundle sheath cells. Plant J 2021; 106:301-313. [PMID: 33735498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The leaf vascular bundle sheath cells (BSCs) that tightly envelop the leaf veins, are a selective and dynamic barrier to xylem sap water and solutes radially entering the mesophyll cells. Under normal conditions, xylem sap pH below 6 is presumably important for driving and regulating the transmembranal solute transport. Having discovered recently a differentially high expression of a BSC proton pump, AHA2, we now test the hypothesis that it regulates the xylem sap pH and leaf radial water fluxes. We monitored the xylem sap pH in the veins of detached leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis, AHA mutants and aha2 mutants complemented with AHA2 gene solely in BSCs. We tested an AHA inhibitor (vanadate) and stimulator (fusicoccin), and different pH buffers. We monitored their impact on the xylem sap pH and the leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), and the effect of pH on the water osmotic permeability (Pf ) of isolated BSCs protoplasts. We found that AHA2 is necessary for xylem sap acidification, and in turn, for elevating Kleaf . Conversely, AHA2 knockdown, which alkalinized the xylem sap, or, buffering its pH to 7.5, reduced Kleaf , and elevating external pH to 7.5 decreased the BSCs Pf . All these showed a causative link between AHA2 activity in BSCs and leaf radial hydraulic water conductance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Grunwald
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences at Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tanmayee Torne
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sanbon Chaka Gosa
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weksler S, Rozenstein O, Haish N, Moshelion M, Wallach R, Ben-Dor E. Detection of Potassium Deficiency and Momentary Transpiration Rate Estimation at Early Growth Stages Using Proximal Hyperspectral Imaging and Extreme Gradient Boosting. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21030958. [PMID: 33535447 PMCID: PMC7867110 DOI: 10.3390/s21030958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Potassium is a macro element in plants that is typically supplied to crops in excess throughout the season to avoid a deficit leading to reduced crop yield. Transpiration rate is a momentary physiological attribute that is indicative of soil water content, the plant’s water requirements, and abiotic stress factors. In this study, two systems were combined to create a hyperspectral–physiological plant database for classification of potassium treatments (low, medium, and high) and estimation of momentary transpiration rate from hyperspectral images. PlantArray 3.0 was used to control fertigation, log ambient conditions, and calculate transpiration rates. In addition, a semi-automated platform carrying a hyperspectral camera was triggered every hour to capture images of a large array of pepper plants. The combined attributes and spectral information on an hourly basis were used to classify plants into their given potassium treatments (average accuracy = 80%) and to estimate transpiration rate (RMSE = 0.025 g/min, R2 = 0.75) using the advanced ensemble learning algorithm XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting algorithm). Although potassium has no direct spectral absorption features, the classification results demonstrated the ability to label plants according to potassium treatments based on a remotely measured hyperspectral signal. The ability to estimate transpiration rates for different potassium applications using spectral information can aid in irrigation management and crop yield optimization. These combined results are important for decision-making during the growing season, and particularly at the early stages when potassium levels can still be corrected to prevent yield loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Weksler
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-640-5679
| | - Offer Rozenstein
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel;
| | - Nadav Haish
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (N.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (N.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Rony Wallach
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Eyal Ben-Dor
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moshelion M. The dichotomy of yield and drought resistance: Translation challenges from basic research to crop adaptation to climate change. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51598. [PMID: 33251630 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change and the increasing human population require crop varieties with higher yield and draught resistance. But meeting both goals is not an easy task for breeders and plant science.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jerszurki D, Sperling O, Parthasarathi T, Lichston JE, Yaaran A, Moshelion M, Rachmilevitch S, Lazarovitch N. Wide vessels sustain marginal transpiration flux and do not optimize inefficient gas exchange activity under impaired hydraulic control and salinity. Physiol Plant 2020; 170:60-74. [PMID: 32303105 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants optimize water use and carbon assimilation via transient regulation of stomata resistance and by limiting hydraulic conductivity in a long-term response of xylem anatomy. We postulated that without effective hydraulic regulation plants would permanently restrain water loss and photosynthetic productivity under salt stress conditions. We compared wild-type tomatoes to a transgenic type (TT) with impaired stomatal control. Gas exchange activity, biomass, starch content, leaf area and root traits, mineral composition and main stems xylem anatomy and hydraulic conductivity were analyzed in plants exposed to salinities of 1 and 4 dS m-1 over 60 days. As the xylem cannot easily readjust to different environmental conditions, shifts in its anatomy and the permanent effect on plant hydraulic conductivity kept transpiration at lower levels under unstressed conditions and maintained it under salt-stress, while sustaining higher but inefficient assimilation rates, leading to starch accumulation and decreased plant biomass, leaf and root area and root length. Narrow conduits in unstressed TT plants were related to permanent restrain of hydraulic conductivity and plant transpiration. Under salinity, TT plants followed the atmospheric water demand, sustained similar transpiration rate from unstressed to salt-stressed conditions and possibly maintained hydraulic integrity, due to likely impaired hydraulic regulation, wider conduits and higher hydraulic conductivity. The accumulation of salts and starch in the TT plants was a strong evidence of salinity tolerance via osmotic regulation, also thought to help to maintain the assimilation rates and transpiration flux under salinity, although it was not translated into higher growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jerszurki
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Or Sperling
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Gilat Research Center, Israel
| | - Theivasigamani Parthasarathi
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | | | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural, Food & Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural, Food & Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Naftali Lazarovitch
- Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dalal A, Shenhar I, Bourstein R, Mayo A, Grunwald Y, Averbuch N, Attia Z, Wallach R, Moshelion M. A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant-Environment Interactions. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32831303 DOI: 10.3791/61280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Food security for the growing global population is a major concern. The data provided by genomic tools far exceeds the supply of phenotypic data, creating a knowledge gap. To meet the challenge of improving crops to feed the growing global population, this gap must be bridged. Physiological traits are considered key functional traits in the context of responsiveness or sensitivity to environmental conditions. Many recently introduced high-throughput (HTP) phenotyping techniques are based on remote sensing or imaging and are capable of directly measuring morphological traits, but measure physiological parameters mainly indirectly. This paper describes a method for direct physiological phenotyping that has several advantages for the functional phenotyping of plant-environment interactions. It helps users overcome the many challenges encountered in the use of load-cell gravimetric systems and pot experiments. The suggested techniques will enable users to distinguish between soil weight, plant weight and soil water content, providing a method for the continuous and simultaneous measurement of dynamic soil, plant and atmosphere conditions, alongside the measurement of key physiological traits. This method allows researchers to closely mimic field stress scenarios while taking into consideration the environment's effects on the plants' physiology. This method also minimizes pot effects, which are one of the major problems in pre-field phenotyping. It includes a feed-back fertigation system that enables a truly randomized experimental design at a field-like plant density. This system detects the soil-water-content limiting threshold (θ) and allows for the translation of data into knowledge through the use of a real-time analytic tool and an online statistical resource. This method for the rapid and direct measurement of the physiological responses of multiple plants to a dynamic environment has great potential for use in screening for beneficial traits associated with responses to abiotic stress, in the context of pre-field breeding and crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahan Dalal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Itamar Shenhar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Ronny Bourstein
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Amir Mayo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Yael Grunwald
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Nir Averbuch
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Ziv Attia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Rony Wallach
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Negin B, Moshelion M. Remember where you came from: ABA insensitivity is epigenetically inherited in mesophyll, but not seeds. Plant Sci 2020; 295:110455. [PMID: 32534619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants transmit their experiences of environmental conditions to their progeny through epigenetic inheritance, improving their progeny's fitness under prevailing conditions. Though ABA is known to regulate epigenetic-modification genes, no strong phenotypic link between those genes and intergenerational "memory" has been shown. Previously, we demonstrated that mesophyll insensitivity to ABA (FBPase::abi1-1{fa} transgenic plants) results in a range of developmental phenotypes, including early growth vigor and early flowering (i.e., stress-escape behavior). Here, we show that null plants, used as controls (segregates of FBPase::abi1 that are homozygote descendants of a heterozygous transgenic plant, but do not contain the transformed abi1-1 gene) phenotypically resembled their FBPase::abi1-1 parents. However, in germination and early seedling development assays, null segregants resembled WT plants. These FBPase::abi1-1 null segregants mesophyll-related phenotypes were reproducible and stable for at least three generations. These results suggest that the heritability of stress response is linked to ABA's epigenetic regulatory effect through ABI1 and mesophyll-related traits. The discrepancy between the epigenetic heritability of seed and mesophyll-related traits is an example of the complexity of epigenetic regulation, which is both gene and process-specific, and may be attributed to the fine-tuning of tradeoffs between flowering time, growth rate and levels of risk that allow annual plants to optimize their fitness in uncertain environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Negin
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Attia Z, Dalal A, Moshelion M. Vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells modulate leaf water balance in response to chitin. Plant J 2020; 101:1368-1377. [PMID: 31680316 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants can detect pathogen invasion by sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). This sensing process leads to the induction of defense responses. Numerous MAMP mechanisms of action have been described in and outside the guard cells. Here, we describe the effects of chitin, a MAMP found in fungal cell walls and insects, on the cellular osmotic water permeability (Pf ) of the leaf vascular bundle-sheath (BS) and mesophyll cells (MCs), and its subsequent effect on leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ). BS is a parenchymatic tissue that tightly encases the vascular system. BS cells (BSCs) have been shown to influence Kleaf through changes in their Pf , for example, after sensing the abiotic stress response-regulating hormone abscisic acid. It was recently reported that, in Arabidopsis, the chitin receptors-like kinases, chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) and LYSINE MOTIF RECEPTOR KINASE 5 (LYK5) are highly expressed in the BS as well as the neighboring mesophyll. Therefore, we studied the possible impact of chitin on these cells. Our results revealed that BSCs and MCs exhibit a sharp decrease in Pf in response to chitin treatment. In addition, xylem-fed chitin decreased Kleaf and led to stomatal closure. However, Atlyk5 mutant showed none of these responses. Complementing AtLYK5 in the BSCs (using the SCARECROW promoter) resulted in the response to chitin that was similar to that observed in the wild-type. These results suggest that BS play a role in the perception of apoplastic chitin and in initiating chitin-triggered immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Attia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ahan Dalal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kelly G, Egbaria A, Khamaisi B, Lugassi N, Attia Z, Moshelion M, Granot D. Guard-Cell Hexokinase Increases Water-Use Efficiency Under Normal and Drought Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1499. [PMID: 31803219 PMCID: PMC6877735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Water is a limiting resource for many land plants. Most of the water taken up by plants is lost to the atmosphere through the stomata, which are adjustable pores on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. Modulating stomatal activity might be an effective way to reduce plants' water consumption and enhance their productivity under normal, as well as water-limiting conditions. Our recent discovery of stomatal regulation by sugars that is mediated by guard-cell hexokinase (HXK), a sugar-sensing enzyme, has raised the possibility that HXK might be used to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE; i.e., carbon gain per unit of water). We show here that transgenic tomato and Arabidopsis plants with increased expression of HXK in their guard cells (GCHXK plants) exhibit reduced transpiration and higher WUE without any negative effects on growth under normal conditions, as well as drought avoidance and improved photosynthesis and growth under limited-water conditions. Our results demonstrate that exclusive expression of HXK in guard cells is an effective tool for improving WUE, and plant performance under drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Belal Khamaisi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nitsan Lugassi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ziv Attia
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Domec JC, Berghoff H, Way DA, Moshelion M, Palmroth S, Kets K, Huang CW, Oren R. Mechanisms for minimizing height-related stomatal conductance declines in tall vines. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:3121-3139. [PMID: 31124152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to transport water through tall stems hydraulically limits stomatal conductance (gs ), thereby constraining photosynthesis and growth. However, some plants are able to minimize this height-related decrease in gs , regardless of path length. We hypothesized that kudzu (Pueraria lobata) prevents strong declines in gs with height through appreciable structural and hydraulic compensative alterations. We observed only a 12% decline in maximum gs along 15-m-long stems and were able to model this empirical trend. Increasing resistance with transport distance was not compensated by increasing sapwood-to-leaf-area ratio. Compensating for increasing leaf area by adjusting the driving force would require water potential reaching -1.9 MPa, far below the wilting point (-1.2 MPa). The negative effect of stem length was compensated for by decreasing petiole hydraulic resistance and by increasing stem sapwood area and water storage, with capacitive discharge representing 8-12% of the water flux. In addition, large lateral (petiole, leaves) relative to axial hydraulic resistance helped improve water flow distribution to top leaves. These results indicate that gs of distal leaves can be similar to that of basal leaves, provided that resistance is highest in petioles, and sufficient amounts of water storage can be used to subsidize the transpiration stream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA UMR 1391 ISPA, Gradignan, F-33170, France
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Henry Berghoff
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Danielle A Way
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sari Palmroth
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Katre Kets
- Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cheng-Wei Huang
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Harfouche AL, Jacobson DA, Kainer D, Romero JC, Harfouche AH, Scarascia Mugnozza G, Moshelion M, Tuskan GA, Keurentjes JJ, Altman A. Accelerating Climate Resilient Plant Breeding by Applying Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1217-1235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
21
|
Dalal A, Bourstein R, Haish N, Shenhar I, Wallach R, Moshelion M. Dynamic Physiological Phenotyping of Drought-Stressed Pepper Plants Treated With "Productivity-Enhancing" and "Survivability-Enhancing" Biostimulants. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:905. [PMID: 31379898 PMCID: PMC6654182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of crop productivity under abiotic stress is one of the biggest challenges faced by the agricultural scientific community. Despite extensive research, the research-to-commercial transfer rate of abiotic stress-resistant crops remains very low. This is mainly due to the complexity of genotype × environment interactions and in particular, the ability to quantify the dynamic plant physiological response profile to a dynamic environment. Most existing phenotyping facilities collect information using robotics and automated image acquisition and analysis. However, their ability to directly measure the physiological properties of the whole plant is limited. We demonstrate a high-throughput functional phenotyping system (HFPS) that enables comparing plants' dynamic responses to different ambient conditions in dynamic environments due to its direct and simultaneous measurement of yield-related physiological traits of plants under several treatments. The system is designed as one-to-one (1:1) plant-[sensors+controller] units, i.e., each individual plant has its own personalized sensor, controller and irrigation valves that enable (i) monitoring water-relation kinetics of each plant-environment response throughout the plant's life cycle with high spatiotemporal resolution, (ii) a truly randomized experimental design due to multiple independent treatment scenarios for every plant, and (iii) reduction of artificial ambient perturbations due to the immobility of the plants or other objects. In addition, we propose two new resilience-quantifying-related traits that can also be phenotyped using the HFPS: transpiration recovery rate and night water reabsorption. We use the HFPS to screen the effects of two commercial biostimulants (a seaweed extract -ICL-SW, and a metabolite formula - ICL-NewFo1) on Capsicum annuum under different irrigation regimes. Biostimulants are considered an alternative approach to improving crop productivity. However, their complex mode of action necessitates cost-effective pre-field phenotyping. The combination of two types of treatment (biostimulants and drought) enabled us to evaluate the precision and resolution of the system in investigating the effect of biostimulants on drought tolerance. We analyze and discuss plant behavior at different stages, and assess the penalty and trade-off between productivity and resilience. In this test case, we suggest a protocol for the screening of biostimulants' physiological mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahan Dalal
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronny Bourstein
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nadav Haish
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Itamar Shenhar
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rony Wallach
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Negin B, Yaaran A, Kelly G, Zait Y, Moshelion M. Mesophyll Abscisic Acid Restrains Early Growth and Flowering But Does Not Directly Suppress Photosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2019; 180:910-925. [PMID: 30910907 PMCID: PMC6548251 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) levels increase significantly in plants under stress conditions, and ABA is thought to serve as a key stress-response regulator. However, the direct effect of ABA on photosynthesis and the effect of mesophyll ABA on yield under both well-watered and drought conditions are still the subject of debate. Here, we examined this issue using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants carrying a dominant ABA-signaling inhibitor under the control of a mesophyll-specific promoter (FBPase::abi1-1, abbreviated to fa). Under normal conditions, fa plants displayed slightly higher stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation than wild-type plants; however, these parameters were comparable following ABA treatment. These observations suggest that ABA does not directly inhibit photosynthesis in the short term. The fa plants also exhibited a variety of altered phenotypes under optimal conditions, including more vigorous initial growth, earlier flowering, smaller flowers, and delayed chlorophyll degradation. Furthermore, under optimal conditions, fa plant seed production was less than a third of that observed for the wild type. However, under drought conditions, wild-type and fa seed yields were similar due to a significant reduction in wild-type seed and no reduction in fa seed. These findings suggest that endogenous basal ABA inhibits a stress-escape response under nonstressed conditions, allowing plants to accumulate biomass and maximize yield. The lack of a correlation between flowering time and plant biomass combined with delayed chlorophyll degradation suggests that this stress-escape behavior is regulated independently and upstream of other ABA-induced effects such as rapid growth and flowering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Negin
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center Bet-Dagan 7505101, Israel
| | - Yotam Zait
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gosa SC, Lupo Y, Moshelion M. Quantitative and comparative analysis of whole-plant performance for functional physiological traits phenotyping: New tools to support pre-breeding and plant stress physiology studies. Plant Sci 2019; 282:49-59. [PMID: 31003611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are autotrophic organisms in which there are linear relationships between the rate at which organic biomass is accumulated and many ambient parameters such as water, nutrients, CO2 and solar radiation. These linear relationships are the result of good feedback regulation between a plants sensing of the environment and the optimization of its performance response. In this review, we suggest that continuous monitoring of the plant physiological profile in response to changing ambient conditions could be a useful new phenotyping tool, allowing the characterization and comparison of different levels of functional phenotypes and productivity. This functional physiological phenotyping (FPP) approach can be integrated into breeding programs, which are facing difficulties in selecting plants that perform well under abiotic stress. Moreover, high-throughput FPP will increase the efficiency of the selection of traits that are closely related to environmental interactions (such as plant water status, water-use efficiency, stomatal conductance, etc.) thanks to its high resolution and dynamic measurements. One of the important advantages of FPP is, its simplicity and effectiveness and compatibility with experimental methods that use load-cell lysimeters and ambient sensors. In the future, this platform could help with phenotyping of complex physiological traits, beneficial for yield gain to enhance functional breeding approaches and guide in crop modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanbon Chaka Gosa
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lupo
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yaaran A, Negin B, Moshelion M. Role of guard-cell ABA in determining steady-state stomatal aperture and prompt vapor-pressure-deficit response. Plant Sci 2019; 281:31-40. [PMID: 30824059 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is known to be involved in stomatal closure. However, its role in stomatal response to rapid increases in the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is unclear. To study this issue, we generated guard cell-specific ABA-insensitive Arabidopsis plants (guard-cell specific abi1-1; GCabi). Under non-stressed conditions, the stomatal conductance (gs) and apertures of GCabi plants were greater than those of control plants. This supports guard-cell ABA role as limiting steady-state stomatal aperture under non-stressful conditions. When there was a rapid increase in VPD (0.15 to 1 kPa), the gs and stomatal apertures of GCabi decreased in a manner similar that observed in the WT control, but different from that observed in WT plants treated with fusicoccin. Low VPD increased the size of the stomatal apertures of the WT, but not of GCabi. We conclude that guard-cell ABA does not play a significant role in the initial, rapid stomatal closure that occurs in response to an increase in VPD, but is important for stomatal adaptation to ambient VPD. We propose a biphasic angiosperm VPD-sensing model that includes an initial ABA-independent phase and a subsequent ABA-dependent steady-state phase in which stomatal behavior is optimized for ambient VPD conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Yaaran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Boaz Negin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Galkin E, Dalal A, Evenko A, Fridman E, Kan I, Wallach R, Moshelion M. Risk-management strategies and transpiration rates of wild barley in uncertain environments. Physiol Plant 2018; 164:412-428. [PMID: 30084486 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the rate of transpiration is an important part of plants' adaptation to uncertain environments. Stomatal closure is the most common response to severe drought. By closing their stomata, plants reduce transpiration to better their odds of survival under dry conditions. Under mild to moderate drought conditions, there are several possible transpiration patterns that balance the risk of lost productivity with the risk of water loss. Here, we hypothesize that plant ecotypes that have evolved in environments characterized by unstable patterns of precipitation will display a wider range of patterns of transpiration regulation along with other quantitative physiological traits (QPTs), compared to ecotypes from less variable environments. We examined five accessions of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) from different locations in Israel (the B1K collection) with annual rainfall levels ranging from 100 to 900 mm, along with one domesticated line (cv. Morex). We measured several QPTs and morphological traits of these accessions under well-irrigated conditions, under drought stress and during recovery from drought. Our results revealed a correlation between precipitation-certainty conditions and QPT plasticity. Specifically, accessions from stable environments (very wet or very dry locations) were found to take greater risks in their water-balance regulation than accessions from areas in which rainfall is less predictable. Notably, less risk-taking genotypes recovered more quickly than more risk-taking ones once irrigation was resumed. We discuss the relationships between environment, polymorphism, physiological plasticity and fitness, and suggest a general risk-taking model in which transpiration-rate plasticity is negatively correlated with population polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Galkin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Israel
| | - Ahan Dalal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Israel
| | - Alex Evenko
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Fridman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, P.O. Box 6, 50250, Israel
| | - Iddo Kan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Environmental Economics and Management, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Israel
| | - Rony Wallach
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, P.O. Box 12, 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Azoulay‐Shemer T, Schwankl N, Rog I, Moshelion M, Schroeder JI. Starch biosynthesis by
AGP
ase, but not starch degradation by
BAM
1/3 and
SEX
1, is rate‐limiting for
CO
2
‐regulated stomatal movements under short‐day conditions. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2739-2759. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azoulay‐Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Nikki Schwankl
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Ido Rog
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fox H, Doron-Faigenboim A, Kelly G, Bourstein R, Attia Z, Zhou J, Moshe Y, Moshelion M, David-Schwartz R. Transcriptome analysis of Pinus halepensis under drought stress and during recovery. Tree Physiol 2018; 38:423-441. [PMID: 29177514 PMCID: PMC5982726 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Forest trees use various strategies to cope with drought stress and these strategies involve complex molecular mechanisms. Pinus halepensis Miller (Aleppo pine) is found throughout the Mediterranean basin and is one of the most drought-tolerant pine species. In order to decipher the molecular mechanisms that P. halepensis uses to withstand drought, we performed large-scale physiological and transcriptome analyses. We selected a mature tree from a semi-arid area with suboptimal growth conditions for clonal propagation through cuttings. We then used a high-throughput experimental system to continuously monitor whole-plant transpiration rates, stomatal conductance and the vapor pressure deficit. The transcriptomes of plants were examined at six physiological stages: pre-stomatal response, partial stomatal closure, minimum transpiration, post-irrigation, partial recovery and full recovery. At each stage, data from plants exposed to the drought treatment were compared with data collected from well-irrigated control plants. A drought-stressed P. halepensis transcriptome was created using paired-end RNA-seq. In total, ~6000 differentially expressed, non-redundant transcripts were identified between drought-treated and control trees. Cluster analysis has revealed stress-induced down-regulation of transcripts related to photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging through the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione cycle, fatty acid and cell wall biosynthesis, stomatal activity, and the biosynthesis of flavonoids and terpenoids. Up-regulated processes included chlorophyll degradation, ROS-scavenging through AsA-independent thiol-mediated pathways, abscisic acid response and accumulation of heat shock proteins, thaumatin and exordium. Recovery from drought induced strong transcription of retrotransposons, especially the retrovirus-related transposon Tnt1-94. The drought-related transcriptome illustrates this species' dynamic response to drought and recovery and unravels novel mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Fox
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Ronny Bourstein
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Attia
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Yosef Moshe
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dalal A, Attia Z, Moshelion M. To Produce or to Survive: How Plastic Is Your Crop Stress Physiology? Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2067. [PMID: 29259613 PMCID: PMC5723404 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress causes major crop losses and is considered a greater challenge than biotic stress. Comparisons of the number of published articles and patents regarding these different types of stresses, and the number of commercially released crops designed to tolerate different types of stresses, revealed a huge gap in the bench-to-field transfer rate of abiotic stress-tolerant crops, as compared to crops designed to tolerate biotic stress. These differences underscore the complexity of abiotic stress-response mechanisms. Here, we suggest that breeding programs favoring yield-related quantitative physiological traits (QPTs; e.g., photosynthesis rate or stomatal conductance) have canalized those QPTs at their highest levels. This has affected the sensitivity of those QPTs to changing environmental conditions and those traits have become less plastic. We also suggest that breeding pressure has had an asymmetric impact on different QPTs, depending on their sensitivity to environmental conditions and their interactions with other QPTs. We demonstrate this asymmetric impact on the regulation of whole-plant water balance, showing how plastic membrane water content, stomatal conductance and leaf hydraulic conductance interact to canalize whole-organ water content. We suggest that a QPT's plasticity is itself an important trait and that understanding this plasticity may help us to develop yield-optimized crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kelly G, Sade N, Doron-Faigenboim A, Lerner S, Shatil-Cohen A, Yeselson Y, Egbaria A, Kottapalli J, Schaffer AA, Moshelion M, Granot D. Sugar and hexokinase suppress expression of PIP aquaporins and reduce leaf hydraulics that preserves leaf water potential. Plant J 2017; 91:325-339. [PMID: 28390076 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sugars affect central aspects of plant physiology, including photosynthesis, stomatal behavior and the loss of water through the stomata. Yet, the potential effects of sugars on plant aquaporins (AQPs) and water conductance have not been examined. We used database and transcriptional analyses, as well as cellular and whole-plant functional techniques to examine the link between sugar-related genes and AQPs. Database analyses revealed a high level of correlation between the expression of AQPs and that of sugar-related genes, including the Arabidopsis hexokinases 1 (AtHXK1). Increased expression of AtHXK1, as well as the addition of its primary substrate, glucose (Glc), repressed the expression of 10 AQPs from the plasma membrane-intrinsic proteins (PIP) subfamily (PIP-AQPs) and induced the expression of two stress-related PIP-AQPs. The osmotic water permeability of mesophyll protoplasts of AtHXK1-expressing plants and the leaf hydraulic conductance of those plants were significantly reduced, in line with the decreased expression of PIP-AQPs. Conversely, hxk1 mutants demonstrated a higher level of hydraulic conductance, with increased water potential in their leaves. In addition, the presence of Glc reduced leaf water potential, as compared with an osmotic control, indicating that Glc reduces the movement of water from the xylem into the mesophyll. The production of sugars entails a significant loss of water and these results suggest that sugars and AtHXK1 affect the expression of AQP genes and reduce leaf water conductance, to coordinate sugar levels with the loss of water through transpiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Stephen Lerner
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Arava Shatil-Cohen
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yelena Yeselson
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Jayaram Kottapalli
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Arthur A Schaffer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wigoda N, Pasmanik-Chor M, Yang T, Yu L, Moshelion M, Moran N. Differential gene expression and transport functionality in the bundle sheath versus mesophyll - a potential role in leaf mineral homeostasis. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:3179-3190. [PMID: 28407076 PMCID: PMC5853479 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Under fluctuating ambient conditions, the ability of plants to maintain hydromineral homeostasis requires the tight control of long distance transport. This includes the control of radial transport within leaves, from veins to mesophyll. The bundle sheath is a structure that tightly wraps around leaf vasculature. It has been suggested to act as a selective barrier in the context of radial transport. This suggestion is based on recent physiological transport assays of bundle sheath cells (BSCs), as well as the anatomy of these cells.We hypothesized that the unique transport functionality of BSCs is apparent in their transcriptome. To test this, we compared the transcriptomes of individually hand-picked protoplasts of GFP-labeled BSCs and non-labeled mesophyll cells (MCs) from the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Of the 90 genes differentially expressed between BSCs and MCs, 45% are membrane related and 20% transport related, a prominent example being the proton pump AHA2. Electrophysiological assays showed that the major AKT2-like membrane K+ conductances of BSCs and MCs had different voltage dependency ranges. Taken together, these differences may cause simultaneous but oppositely directed transmembrane K+ fluxes in BSCs and MCs, in otherwise similar conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Wigoda
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Tianyuan Yang
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Halperin O, Gebremedhin A, Wallach R, Moshelion M. High-throughput physiological phenotyping and screening system for the characterization of plant-environment interactions. Plant J 2017; 89:839-850. [PMID: 27868265 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and effective high-throughput experimental platform for simultaneous and continuous monitoring of water relations in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum of numerous plants under dynamic environmental conditions. This system provides a simultaneously measured, detailed physiological response profile for each plant in the array, over time periods ranging from a few minutes to the entire growing season, under normal, stress and recovery conditions and at any phenological stage. Three probes for each pot in the array and a specially designed algorithm enable detailed water-relations characterization of whole-plant transpiration, biomass gain, stomatal conductance and root flux. They also enable quantitative calculation of the whole plant water-use efficiency and relative water content at high resolution under dynamic soil and atmospheric conditions. The system has no moving parts and can fit into many growing environments. A screening of 65 introgression lines of a wild tomato species (Solanum pennellii) crossed with cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicum), using our system and conventional gas-exchange tools, confirmed the accuracy of the system as well as its diagnostic capabilities. The use of this high-throughput diagnostic screening method is discussed in light of the gaps in our understanding of the genetic regulation of whole-plant performance, particularly under abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Halperin
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Alem Gebremedhin
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Rony Wallach
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Negin B, Moshelion M. The evolution of the role of ABA in the regulation of water-use efficiency: From biochemical mechanisms to stomatal conductance. Plant Sci 2016; 251:82-89. [PMID: 27593466 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid is found in a wide variety of organisms. In the plant kingdom, ABA's role in mediating responses to abiotic stress has been conserved and enhanced throughout evolution. The emergence of plants to terrestrial environments required the development of mechanisms to cope with ongoing and severe abiotic stress such as drought and rapid changes in humidity and temperature. The common understanding is that terrestrial plants evolved strategies ranging from desiccation-tolerance mechanisms (mosses) to drought tolerance (CAM plants), to better exploit different ecological niches. In between these divergent water regulation strategies, ABA plays a significant role in managing plants' adaptation to new environments by optimizing water-use efficiency (WUE) under particular environmental conditions. ABA plays some very different roles in the regulation of WUE. ABA's role in the regulation of guard cells and transpiration has yielded a wide variety of WUE-regulation mechanisms, ranging from no sensitivity (ferns) to low sensitivity (anisohydric behavior) to hypersensitivity to ABA (isohydric behavior and putatively CAM plants). ABA also plays a role in the regulation of non-stomatal, biochemical mechanisms of WUE regulation. In angiosperms, this includes the control of osmotic adjustment and morphological changes, including changes in leaf size, stomatal density, stomatal size and root development. Under severe stress, ABA also appears to initiate leaf senescence via transcriptional regulation, to directly inhibit photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Negin
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yaaran A, Moshelion M. Role of Aquaporins in a Composite Model of Water Transport in the Leaf. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1045. [PMID: 27376277 PMCID: PMC4964421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-transport pathways through the leaf are complex and include several checkpoints. Some of these checkpoints exhibit dynamic behavior that may be regulated by aquaporins (AQPs). To date, neither the relative weight of the different water pathways nor their molecular mechanisms are well understood. Here, we have collected evidence to support a putative composite model of water pathways in the leaf and the distribution of water across those pathways. We describe how water moves along a single transcellular path through the parenchyma and continues toward the mesophyll and stomata along transcellular, symplastic and apoplastic paths. We present evidence that points to a role for AQPs in regulating the relative weight of each path in the overall leaf water-transport system and the movement of water between these paths as a result of the integration of multiple signals, including transpiration demand, water potential and turgor. We also present a new theory, the hydraulic fuse theory, to explain effects of the leaf turgor-loss-point on water paths alternation and the subsequent reduction in leaf hydraulic conductivity. An improved understating of leaf water-balance management may lead to the development of crops that use water more efficiently, and responds better to environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Yaaran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Turgeman T, Shatil-Cohen A, Moshelion M, Teper-Bamnolker P, Skory CD, Lichter A, Eshel D. The Role of Aquaporins in pH-Dependent Germination of Rhizopus delemar Spores. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150543. [PMID: 26959825 PMCID: PMC4784744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus delemar and associated species attack a wide range of fruit and vegetables after harvest. Host nutrients and acidic pH are required for optimal germination of R. delemar, and we studied how this process is triggered. Glucose induced spore swelling in an acidic environment, expressed by an up to 3-fold increase in spore diameter, whereas spore diameter was smaller in a neutral environment. When suspended in an acidic environment, the spores started to float, indicating a change in their density. Treatment of the spores with HgCl2, an aquaporin blocker, prevented floating and inhibited spore swelling and germ-tube emergence, indicating the importance of water uptake at the early stages of germination. Two putative candidate aquaporin-encoding genes-RdAQP1 and RdAQP2-were identified in the R. delemar genome. Both presented the conserved NPA motif and six-transmembrane domain topology. Expressing RdAQP1 and RdAQP2 in Arabidopsis protoplasts increased the cells' osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf) compared to controls, indicating their role as water channels. A decrease in R. delemar aquaporin activity with increasing external pH suggested pH regulation of these proteins. Substitution of two histidine (His) residues, positioned on two loops facing the outer side of the cell, with alanine eliminated the pH sensing resulting in similar Pf values under acidic and basic conditions. Since hydration is critical for spore switching from the resting to activate state, we suggest that pH regulation of the aquaporins can regulate the initial phase of R. delemar spore germination, followed by germ-tube elongation and host-tissue infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tidhar Turgeman
- Department of Postharvest Sciences of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arava Shatil-Cohen
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paula Teper-Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest Sciences of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Christopher D. Skory
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, NTL Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amnon Lichter
- Department of Postharvest Sciences of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Sciences of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Negin B, Moshelion M. The advantages of functional phenotyping in pre-field screening for drought-tolerant crops. Funct Plant Biol 2016; 44:107-118. [PMID: 32480550 DOI: 10.1071/fp16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing worldwide demand for food, feed and fuel presents a challenge in light of limited resources and climatic challenges. Breeding for stress tolerance and drought tolerance, in particular, is one the most challenging tasks facing breeders. The comparative screening of immense numbers of plant and gene candidates and their interactions with the environment represents a major bottleneck in this process. We suggest four key components to be considered in pre-field screens (phenotyping) for complex traits under drought conditions: (i) where, when and under which conditions to phenotype; (ii) which traits to phenotype; (iii) how to phenotype (which method); and (iv) how to translate collected data into knowledge that can be used to make practical decisions. We describe some common pitfalls, including inadequate phenotyping methods, incorrect terminology and the inappropriate use of non-relevant traits as markers for drought tolerance. We also suggest the use of more non-imaging, physiology-based, high-throughput phenotyping systems, which, used in combination with soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) measurements and fitting models of plant responses to continuous and fluctuating environmental conditions, should be further investigated in order to serve as a phenotyping tool to better understand and characterise plant stress response. In the future, we assume that many of today's phenotyping challenges will be solved by technology and automation, leaving us with the main challenge of translating large amounts of accumulated data into meaningful knowledge and decision making tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Negin
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lugassi N, Kelly G, Fidel L, Yaniv Y, Attia Z, Levi A, Alchanatis V, Moshelion M, Raveh E, Carmi N, Granot D. Expression of Arabidopsis Hexokinase in Citrus Guard Cells Controls Stomatal Aperture and Reduces Transpiration. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:1114. [PMID: 26734024 PMCID: PMC4679854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase (HXK) is a sugar-phosphorylating enzyme involved in sugar-sensing. It has recently been shown that HXK in guard cells mediates stomatal closure and coordinates photosynthesis with transpiration in the annual species tomato and Arabidopsis. To examine the role of HXK in the control of the stomatal movement of perennial plants, we generated citrus plants that express Arabidopsis HXK1 (AtHXK1) under KST1, a guard cell-specific promoter. The expression of KST1 in the guard cells of citrus plants has been verified using GFP as a reporter gene. The expression of AtHXK1 in the guard cells of citrus reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration with no negative effect on the rate of photosynthesis, leading to increased water-use efficiency. The effects of light intensity and humidity on stomatal behavior were examined in rooted leaves of the citrus plants. The optimal intensity of photosynthetically active radiation and lower humidity enhanced stomatal closure of AtHXK1-expressing leaves, supporting the role of sugar in the regulation of citrus stomata. These results suggest that HXK coordinates photosynthesis and transpiration and stimulates stomatal closure not only in annual species, but also in perennial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitsan Lugassi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Lena Fidel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yossi Yaniv
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ziv Attia
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Asher Levi
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Victor Alchanatis
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Raveh
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research CenterNegev, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani CenterBet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xu P, Moshelion M, Wu X, Halperin O, Wang B, Luo J, Wallach R, Wu X, Lu Z, Li G. Natural variation and gene regulatory basis for the responses of asparagus beans to soil drought. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:891. [PMID: 26579145 PMCID: PMC4621818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) is the Asian subspecies of cowpea, a drought-resistant legume crop native to Africa. In order to explore the genetic variation of drought responses in asparagus bean, we conducted multi-year phenotyping of drought resistance traits across the Chinese asparagus bean mini-core. The phenotypic distribution indicated that the ssp. sesquipedalis subgene pool has maintained high natural variation in drought responses despite known domestic bottleneck. Thirty-nine SNP loci were found to show an association with drought resistance via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Whole-plant water relations were compared among four genotypes by lysimetric assay. Apparent genotypic differences in transpiration patterns and the critical soil water threshold in relation to dehydration avoidance were observed, indicating a delicate adaptive mechanism for each genotype to its own climate. Microarray gene expression analyses revealed that known drought resistance pathways such as the ABA and phosphate lipid signaling pathways are conserved between different genotypes, while differential regulation of certain aquaporin genes and hormonal genes may be important for the genotypic differences. Our results suggest that divergent sensitivity to soil water content is an important mechanism configuring the genotypic specific responses to water deficit. The SNP markers identified provide useful resources for marker-assisted breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - XiaoHua Wu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Ofer Halperin
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - BaoGen Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Rony Wallach
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfu Lu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Guojing Li
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Plant Pest and Disease, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Moshelion M, Halperin O, Wallach R, Oren R, Way DA. Role of aquaporins in determining transpiration and photosynthesis in water-stressed plants: crop water-use efficiency, growth and yield. Plant Cell Environ 2015; 38:1785-93. [PMID: 25039365 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The global shortage of fresh water is one of our most severe agricultural problems, leading to dry and saline lands that reduce plant growth and crop yield. Here we review recent work highlighting the molecular mechanisms allowing some plant species and genotypes to maintain productivity under water stress conditions, and suggest molecular modifications to equip plants for greater production in water-limited environments. Aquaporins (AQPs) are thought to be the main transporters of water, small and uncharged solutes, and CO2 through plant cell membranes, thus linking leaf CO2 uptake from the intercellular airspaces to the chloroplast with water loss pathways. AQPs appear to play a role in regulating dynamic changes of root, stem and leaf hydraulic conductivity, especially in response to environmental changes, opening the door to using AQP expression to regulate plant water-use efficiency. We highlight the role of vascular AQPs in regulating leaf hydraulic conductivity and raise questions regarding their role (as well as tonoplast AQPs) in determining the plant isohydric threshold, growth rate, fruit yield production and harvest index. The tissue- or cell-specific expression of AQPs is discussed as a tool to increase yield relative to control plants under both normal and water-stressed conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ofer Halperin
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Rony Wallach
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Danielle A Way
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A5B7
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Understanding how different plants prioritize carbon gain and drought vulnerability under a variable water supply is important for predicting which trees will maximize woody biomass production under different environmental conditions. Here, Populus balsamifera (BS, isohydric genotype), P. simonii (SI, previously uncharacterized stomatal behaviour), and their cross, P. balsamifera x simonii (BSxSI, anisohydric genotype) were studied to assess the physiological basis for biomass accumulation and water-use efficiency across a range of water availabilities. Under ample water, whole plant stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and growth rates were higher in anisohydric genotypes (SI and BSxSI) than in isohydric poplars (BS). Under drought, all genotypes regulated the leaf to stem water potential gradient via changes in gs, synchronizing leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and E: isohydric plants reduced Kleaf, gs, and E, whereas anisohydric genotypes maintained high Kleaf and E, which reduced both leaf and stem water potentials. Nevertheless, SI poplars reduced their plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) during water stress and, unlike, BSxSI plants, recovered rapidly from drought. Low gs of the isohydric BS under drought reduced CO2 assimilation rates and biomass potential under moderate water stress. While anisohydric genotypes had the fastest growth under ample water and higher photosynthetic rates under increasing water stress, isohydric poplars had higher water-use efficiency. Overall, the results indicate three strategies for how closely related biomass species deal with water stress: survival-isohydric (BS), sensitive-anisohydric (BSxSI), and resilience-anisohydric (SI). Implications for woody biomass growth, water-use efficiency, and survival under variable environmental conditions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Attia
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro UMR INRA-ISPA 1391, 33195, Gradignan, France Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Ram Oren
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Danielle A Way
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Moshelion M, Altman A. Current challenges and future perspectives of plant and agricultural biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:337-42. [PMID: 25842169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in understanding plant biology, novel genetic resources, genome modification, and omics technologies generate new solutions for food security and novel biomaterials production under changing environmental conditions. New gene and germplasm candidates that are anticipated to lead to improved crop yields and other plant traits under stress have to pass long development phases based on trial and error using large-scale field evaluation. Therefore, quantitative, objective, and automated screening methods combined with decision-making algorithms are likely to have many advantages, enabling rapid screening of the most promising crop lines at an early stage followed by final mandatory field experiments. The combination of novel molecular tools, screening technologies, and economic evaluation should become the main goal of the plant biotechnological revolution in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Quality Sciences, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Arie Altman
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Quality Sciences, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ma X, Shatil-Cohen A, Ben-Dor S, Wigoda N, Perera IY, Im YJ, Diminshtein S, Yu L, Boss WF, Moshelion M, Moran N. Do phosphoinositides regulate membrane water permeability of tobacco protoplasts by enhancing the aquaporin pathway? Planta 2015; 241:741-55. [PMID: 25486887 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Enhancing the membrane content of PtdInsP 2 , the already-recognized protein-regulating lipid, increased the osmotic water permeability of tobacco protoplasts, apparently by increasing the abundance of active aquaporins in their membranes. While phosphoinositides are implicated in cell volume changes and are known to regulate some ion channels, their modulation of aquaporins activity has not yet been reported for any organism. To examine this, we compared the osmotic water permeability (P f) of protoplasts isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultured cells (NT1) with different (genetically lowered or elevated relative to controls) levels of inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) and phosphatidyl inositol [4,5] bisphosphate (PtdInsP2). To achieve this, the cells were transformed with, respectively, the human InsP3 5-phosphatase ('Ptase cells') or human phosphatidylinositol (4) phosphate 5-kinase ('PIPK cells'). The mean P f of the PIPK cells was several-fold higher relative to that of controls and Ptase cells. Three results favor aquaporins over the membrane matrix as underlying this excessive P f: (1) transient expression of the maize aquaporin ZmPIP2;4 in the PIPK cells increased P f by 12-30 μm s(-1), while in the controls only by 3-4 μm s(-1). (2) Cytosol acidification-known to inhibit aquaporins-lowered the P f in the PIPK cells down to control levels. (3) The transcript of at least one aquaporin was elevated in the PIPK cells. Together, the three results demonstrate the differences between the PIPK cells and their controls, and suggest a hitherto unobserved regulation of aquaporins by phosphoinositides, which could occur through direct interaction or indirect phosphoinositides-dependent cellular effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Ma
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute for Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Abstract
The role of molecular mechanisms in the regulation of leaf hydraulics (K(leaf)) is still not well understood. We hypothesized that aquaporins (AQPs) in the bundle sheath may regulate K(leaf). To examine this hypothesis, AQP genes were constitutively silenced using artificial microRNAs and recovery was achieved by targeting the expression of the tobacco AQP (NtAQP1) to bundle-sheath cells in the silenced plants. Constitutively silenced PIP1 plants exhibited decreased PIP1 transcript levels and decreased K(leaf). However, once the plants were recovered with NtAQP1, their K(leaf) values were almost the same as those of WT plants. We also demonstrate the important role of ABA, acting via AQP, in that recovery and K(leaf) regulation. These results support our previously raised hypothesis concerning the role of bundle-sheath AQPs in the regulation of leaf hydraulics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arava Shatil-Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot, Israel
- Correspondence to: Nir Sade; ; Menachem Moshelion;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bedada G, Westerbergh A, Müller T, Galkin E, Bdolach E, Moshelion M, Fridman E, Schmid KJ. Transcriptome sequencing of two wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum L.) ecotypes differentially adapted to drought stress reveals ecotype-specific transcripts. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:995. [PMID: 25408241 PMCID: PMC4251939 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild barley is adapted to highly diverse environments throughout its geographical distribution range. Transcriptome sequencing of differentially adapted wild barley ecotypes from contrasting environments contributes to the identification of genes and genetic variation involved in abiotic stress tolerance and adaptation. RESULTS Two differentially adapted wild barley ecotypes from desert (B1K2) and Mediterranean (B1K30) environments were analyzed for drought stress response under controlled conditions. The desert ecotype lost more water under both irrigation and drought, but exhibited higher relative water content (RWC) and better water use efficiency (WUE) than the coastal ecotype. We sequenced normalized cDNA libraries from drought-stressed leaves of both ecotypes with the 454 platform to identify drought-related transcripts. Over half million reads per ecotype were de novo assembled into 20,439 putative unique transcripts (PUTs) for B1K2, 21,494 for B1K30 and 28,720 for the joint assembly. Over 50% of PUTs of each ecotype were not shared with the other ecotype. Furthermore, 16% (3,245) of B1K2 and 17% (3,674) of B1K30 transcripts did not show orthologous sequence hits in the other wild barley ecotype and cultivated barley, and are candidates of ecotype-specific transcripts. Over 800 unique transcripts from each ecotype homologous to over 30 different stress-related genes were identified. We extracted 1,017 high quality SNPs that differentiated the two ecotypes. The genetic distance between the desert ecotype and cultivated barley was 1.9-fold higher than between the Mediterranean ecotype and cultivated barley. Moreover, the desert ecotype harbored a larger proportion of non-synonymous SNPs than the Mediterranean ecotype suggesting different demographic histories of these ecotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a strong physiological and genomic differentiation between the desert and Mediterranean wild barley ecotypes and a closer relationship of the Mediterranean to cultivated barley. A significant number of novel transcripts specific to wild barley were identified. The higher SNP density and larger proportion of SNPs with functional effects in the desert ecotype suggest different demographic histories and effects of natural selection in Mediterranean and desert wild barley. The data are a valuable genomic resource for an improved genome annotation, transcriptome studies of drought adaptation and a source of new genetic markers for future barley improvement.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Biological Evolution
- Conserved Sequence
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/physiology
- Droughts
- Ecotype
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gene Ontology
- Genes, Plant
- Hordeum/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Transpiration/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Recombination, Genetic/genetics
- Reference Standards
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Soil/chemistry
- Species Specificity
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Water/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girma Bedada
- />Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerbergh
- />Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Müller
- />Institute for Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eyal Galkin
- />Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Bdolach
- />Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- />Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Fridman
- />Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Karl J Schmid
- />Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- />Institute for Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sade N, Moshelion M. The dynamic isohydric-anisohydric behavior of plants upon fruit development: taking a risk for the next generation. Tree Physiol 2014; 34:1199-202. [PMID: 25192885 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sade N, Shatil-Cohen A, Attia Z, Maurel C, Boursiac Y, Kelly G, Granot D, Yaaran A, Lerner S, Moshelion M. The role of plasma membrane aquaporins in regulating the bundle sheath-mesophyll continuum and leaf hydraulics. Plant Physiol 2014; 166:1609-20. [PMID: 25266632 PMCID: PMC4226360 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.248633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the cellular role of aquaporins (AQPs) in the regulation of whole-plant hydraulics, in general, and extravascular, radial hydraulic conductance in leaves (K(leaf)), in particular, is still fairly limited. We hypothesized that the AQPs of the vascular bundle sheath (BS) cells regulate K(leaf). To examine this hypothesis, AQP genes were silenced using artificial microRNAs that were expressed constitutively or specifically targeted to the BS. MicroRNA sequences were designed to target all five AQP genes from the PLASMA MEMBRANE-INTRINSIC PROTEIN1 (PIP1) subfamily. Our results show that the constitutively silenced PIP1 (35S promoter) plants had decreased PIP1 transcript and protein levels and decreased mesophyll and BS osmotic water permeability (P(f)), mesophyll conductance of CO2, photosynthesis, K(leaf), transpiration, and shoot biomass. Plants in which the PIP1 subfamily was silenced only in the BS (SCARECROW:microRNA plants) exhibited decreased mesophyll and BS Pf and decreased K(leaf) but no decreases in the rest of the parameters listed above, with the net result of increased shoot biomass. We excluded the possibility of SCARECROW promoter activity in the mesophyll. Hence, the fact that SCARECROW:microRNA mesophyll exhibited reduced P(f), but not reduced mesophyll conductance of CO2, suggests that the BS-mesophyll hydraulic continuum acts as a feed-forward control signal. The role of AQPs in the hierarchy of the hydraulic signal pathway controlling leaf water status under normal and limited-water conditions is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Arava Shatil-Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Ziv Attia
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Yann Boursiac
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Adi Yaaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Stephen Lerner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (N.S., A.S.-C., Z.A., G.K., A.Y., S.L., M.M.);Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Unité Mixte de Recherche 0386, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier II, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France (C.M., Y.B.); andInstitute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel (G.K., D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Näsholm T, Palmroth S, Ganeteg U, Moshelion M, Hurry V, Franklin O. Genetics of superior growth traits in trees are being mapped but will the faster-growing risk-takers make it in the wild? Tree Physiol 2014; 34:1141-1148. [PMID: 25527413 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sari Palmroth
- Division of Environmental Science & Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ulrika Ganeteg
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Ecosystems Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shatil-Cohen A, Sibony H, Draye X, Chaumont F, Moran N, Moshelion M. Measuring the osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf) of spherical cells: isolated plant protoplasts as an example. J Vis Exp 2014:e51652. [PMID: 25350534 DOI: 10.3791/51652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying AQP regulation mechanisms is crucial for the understanding of water relations at both the cellular and the whole plant levels. Presented here is a simple and very efficient method for the determination of the osmotic water permeability coefficient (P(f)) in plant protoplasts, applicable in principle also to other spherical cells such as frog oocytes. The first step of the assay is the isolation of protoplasts from the plant tissue of interest by enzymatic digestion into a chamber with an appropriate isotonic solution. The second step consists of an osmotic challenge assay: protoplasts immobilized on the bottom of the chamber are submitted to a constant perfusion starting with an isotonic solution and followed by a hypotonic solution. The cell swelling is video recorded. In the third step, the images are processed offline to yield volume changes, and the time course of the volume changes is correlated with the time course of the change in osmolarity of the chamber perfusion medium, using a curve fitting procedure written in Matlab (the 'PfFit'), to yield P(f).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arava Shatil-Cohen
- The RH Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Hadas Sibony
- The RH Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Xavier Draye
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain
| | | | - Nava Moran
- The RH Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem;
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The RH Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sade D, Sade N, Shriki O, Lerner S, Gebremedhin A, Karavani A, Brotman Y, Osorio S, Fernie AR, Willmitzer L, Czosnek H, Moshelion M. Water Balance, Hormone Homeostasis, and Sugar Signaling Are All Involved in Tomato Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus. Plant Physiol 2014; 165:1684-1697. [PMID: 24989233 PMCID: PMC4119048 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.243402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar water movement is largely controlled by membrane channels called tonoplast-intrinsic aquaporins (TIP-AQPs). Some TIP-AQP genes, such as TIP2;2 and TIP1;1, are up-regulated upon exposure to biotic stress. Moreover, TIP1;1 transcript levels are higher in leaves of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) line resistant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) than in those of a susceptible line with a similar genetic background. Virus-induced silencing of TIP1;1 in the tomato resistant line and the use of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) tip1;1 null mutant showed that resistance to TYLCV is severely compromised in the absence of TIP1:1. Constitutive expression of tomato TIP2;2 in transgenic TYLCV-susceptible tomato and Arabidopsis plants was correlated with increased TYLCV resistance, increased transpiration, decreased abscisic acid levels, and increased salicylic acid levels at the early stages of infection. We propose that TIP-AQPs affect the induction of leaf abscisic acid, which leads to increased levels of transpiration and gas exchange, as well as better salicylic acid signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Sade
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Nir Sade
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Oz Shriki
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Stephen Lerner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Alem Gebremedhin
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Asaf Karavani
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.S., N.S., O.S., S.L., A.G., A.K., H.C., M.M.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (Y.B., S.O., A.R.F., L.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wigoda N, Moshelion M, Moran N. Is the leaf bundle sheath a "smart flux valve" for K+ nutrition? J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:715-722. [PMID: 24629888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has started to accumulate that the bundle sheath regulates the passage of water, minerals and metabolites between the mesophyll and the conducting vessels of xylem and phloem within the leaf veins which it envelops. Although potassium (K(+)) nutrition has been studied for several decades, and much is known about the uptake and recirculation of K(+) within the plant, the potential regulatory role of bundle sheath with regard to K(+) fluxes has just begun to be addressed. Here we have collected some facts and ideas about these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Wigoda
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|