1
|
Atanga R, Appell LL, Thompson MN, Lauer FT, Brearley A, Campen MJ, Castillo EF, In JG. Single Cell Analysis of Human Colonoids Exposed to Uranium-Bearing Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57006. [PMID: 38771937 PMCID: PMC11108582 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uranium exposure remains an important environmental legacy and physiological health concern, with hundreds of abandoned uranium mines located in the Southwestern United States largely impacting underserved indigenous communities. The negative effects of heavy metals on barrier permeability and inhibition of intestinal epithelial healing have been described; however, transcriptomic changes within the intestinal epithelial cells and impacts on lineage differentiation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES Herein, we sought to determine the molecular and cellular changes that occur in the colon in response to uranium bearing dust (UBD) exposure. METHODS Human colonoids from three biologically distinct donors were acutely exposed to UBD then digested for single cell RNA sequencing to define the molecular changes that occur to specific identities of colonic epithelial cells. Validation in colonoids was assessed using morphological and imaging techniques. RESULTS Human colonoids acutely exposed to UBD exhibited disrupted proliferation and hyperplastic differentiation of the secretory lineage cell, enteroendocrine cells (EEC). Single-cell RNA sequencing also showed more EEC subtypes present in UBD-exposed colonoids. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the significance of crypt-based proliferative cells and secretory cell differentiation using human colonoids to model major colonic responses to uranium-bearing particulate dust exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13855.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atanga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lidia L. Appell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Myranda N. Thompson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Fredine T. Lauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Adrian Brearley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Eliseo F. Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Julie G. In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kyriatzis G, Khrestchatisky M, Ferhat L, Chatzaki EA. Neurotensin and Neurotensin Receptors in Stress-related Disorders: Pathophysiology & Novel Drug Targets. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:916-934. [PMID: 37534788 PMCID: PMC10845085 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230803101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid neuropeptide widely distributed in the CNS that has been involved in the pathophysiology of many neural and psychiatric disorders. There are three known neurotensin receptors (NTSRs), which mediate multiple actions, and form the neurotensinergic system in conjunction with NT. NTSR1 is the main mediator of NT, displaying effects in both the CNS and the periphery, while NTSR2 is mainly expressed in the brain and NTSR3 has a broader expression pattern. In this review, we bring together up-to-date studies showing an involvement of the neurotensinergic system in different aspects of the stress response and the main stress-related disorders, such as depression and anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its associated symptoms, such as fear memory and maternal separation, ethanol addiction, and substance abuse. Emphasis is put on gene, mRNA, and protein alterations of NT and NTSRs, as well as behavioral and pharmacological studies, leading to evidence-based suggestions on the implicated regulating mechanisms as well as their therapeutic exploitation. Stress responses and anxiety involve mainly NTSR1, but also NTSR2 and NTSR3. NTSR1 and NTSR3 are primarily implicated in depression, while NTSR2 and secondarily NTSR1 in PTSD. NTSR1 is interrelated with substance and drug abuse and NTSR2 with fear memory, while all NTSRs seem to be implicated in ethanol consumption. Some of the actions of NT and NTSRs in these pathological settings may be driven through interactions between NT and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) in their regulatory contribution, as well as by NT's pro-inflammatory mediating actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Kyriatzis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Khrestchatisky
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Lotfi Ferhat
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology, INP, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Ekaterini Alexiou Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee Y, Nguyen TL, Roh H, Kim A, Park J, Lee JY, Kang YR, Kang H, Sohn MY, Park CI, Kim DH. Mechanisms underlying probiotic effects on neurotransmission and stress resilience in fish via transcriptomic profiling. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109063. [PMID: 37678478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, studies have highlighted the significant impact of probiotic treatment on the central nervous system (brain) and stress regulation through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, yet there have been limited knowledge on this axis in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying probiotic effects on neurotransmission and stress alleviation in fish through transcriptomic profiling. In this study, olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) were subjected to two trial setups: a 1-month lab-scale trial and a 6-month field-scale trial, with and without the probiotic strain Lactococcus lactis WFLU12. RNA-Seq analysis was performed using liver samples collected from fish at one-month post-feeding (mpf) in both trials. Additionally, fish growth was monitored monthly, and serological parameters were measured at one mpf in the field-scale experiment. The results of the lab-scale trial showed that probiotic administration significantly upregulated genes related to neurotransmission, such as htr3a, mao, ddc, ntsr1, and gfra2. These findings highlight the impact of probiotics on modulating neurotransmission via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In the field-scale experiment, fish growth was significantly promoted and the sera levels of AST, LDH, and cortisol were significantly higher in the control group compared to the probiotics group. Furthermore, genes involved in stress responses (e.g. hsp70, hsp90B1, hspE1, prdx1, and gss) and transcriptional regulators (e.g. fos, dusp1, and dusp2) exhibited significant upregulation in the control group compared to the probiotics group, indicating that probiotic administration can alleviate stress levels in fish. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of probiotics in fish, specifically regarding their impact on neurotransmission and stress alleviation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhang Lee
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - HyeongJin Roh
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ahran Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeop Lee
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ra Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyoyeong Kang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min-Young Sohn
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, South Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, South Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gilliam-Vigh H, Jorsal T, Nielsen SW, Forman JL, Pedersen J, Poulsen SS, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK. Expression of Neurotensin and Its Receptors Along the Intestinal Tract in Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Healthy Controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2211-2216. [PMID: 36916883 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Enteroendocrine N cells secrete neurotensin (NTS). NTS reduces food intake in rodents and may increase insulin release. In humans, postprandial NTS responses increase following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, associating the hormone with the glucose- and body weight-lowering effects of these procedures. OBJECTIVE We looked at N cell density and mucosal messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of NTS and NTS receptors in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and healthy controls. METHODS Using double-balloon enteroscopy, 12 patients with T2D and 12 sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls had mucosa biopsies taken from the entire length of the small intestine (at 30-cm intervals) and from 7 anatomically well-defined locations in the large intestine. Biopsies were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and mRNA sequencing. RESULTS N cell density and NTS mRNA expression gradually increased from the duodenum to the ileum, while negligible NTS-positive cells and NTS mRNA expression were observed in the large intestine. NTS receptor 1 and 2 mRNA expression were not detected, but sortilin, a single-pass transmembrane neuropeptide receptor of which NTS also is a ligand, was uniformly expressed in the intestines. Patients with T2D exhibited lower levels of NTS-positive cells and mRNA expression than healthy controls, but this was not statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing. CONCLUSION This unique intestinal mapping of N cell density and NTS expression shows increasing levels from the small intestine's proximal to distal end (without differences between patients with T2D and healthy controls), while negligible N-cells and NTS mRNA expression were observed in the large intestine. Sortilin was expressed throughout the intestines in both groups; no NTS receptor 1 or 2 mRNA expression were detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gilliam-Vigh
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Tina Jorsal
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Sophie W Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Julie L Forman
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jens Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steen S Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Atanga R, Appell LL, Lauer FT, Brearley A, Campen MJ, Castillo EF, In JG. Uranium-bearing dust induces differentiation and expansion of enteroendocrine cells in human colonoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552796. [PMID: 37609291 PMCID: PMC10441413 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental toxins and heavy metals has been associated with intestinal inflammation, increased susceptibility to pathogen-induced diseases, and higher incidences of colorectal cancer, all of which have been steadily increasing in prevalence for the past 40 years. The negative effects of heavy metals on barrier permeability and inhibition of intestinal epithelial healing have been described; however, transcriptomic changes within the intestinal epithelial cells and impacts on lineage differentiation are largely unknown. Uranium exposure remains an important environmental legacy and physiological health concern, with hundreds of abandoned uranium mines located in the Southwestern United States largely impacting underserved indigenous communities. Herein, using human colonoids, we defined the molecular and cellular changes that occur in response to uranium bearing dust (UBD) exposure. We used single cell RNA sequencing to define the molecular changes that occur to specific identities of colonic epithelial cells. We demonstrate that this environmental toxicant disrupts proliferation and induces hyperplastic differentiation of secretory lineage cells, particularly enteroendocrine cells (EEC). EECs respond to UBD exposure with increased differentiation into de novo EEC sub-types not found in control colonoids. This UBD-induced EEC differentiation does not occur via canonical transcription factors NEUROG3 or NEUROD1. These findings highlight the significance of crypts-based proliferative cells and secretory cell differentiation as major colonic responses to heavy metal-induced injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atanga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Lidia L. Appell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Fredine T. Lauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Adrian Brearley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Eliseo F. Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Julie G. In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Homeida AM, Homeida MA, Al-Suhaimi EA. Circadian hormone secretion of enteroendocrine cells: implication on pregnancy status. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106382. [PMID: 37234809 PMCID: PMC10206244 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of food intake is a key cue for circadian rhythms in humans and animals. In response to food intake, gut hormones called incretin are produced by intestinal enteroendocrine cells in a circadian rhythm that stimulates insulin secretion and regulates body weight and energy expenditure. Pregnancy is associated with the expansion of β cells, the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, and excessive weight gain. The timing of food intake is a good way to address metabolic complications during pregnancy. The current review focuses on the circadian rhythms and biological actions of enteroendocrine hormones and their associations with pregnancy status, specifically topics like food intake and gut circadian rhythms, the circadian secretion of enteroendocrine peptides, and the effects of these factors during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelgadir M. Homeida
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Homeida
- UH Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ebtesam A. Al-Suhaimi
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding X, Chen Y, Guo C, Fu Y, Qin C, Zhu Q, Wang J, Zhang R, Tian H, Feng R, Liu H, Liang D, Wang G, Teng J, Li J, Tang B, Wang X. Mutations in ARHGEF15 cause autosomal dominant hereditary cerebral small vessel disease and osteoporotic fracture. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:681-705. [PMID: 36929019 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a prominent cause of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and a leading cause of vascular dementia, affecting small penetrating vessels of the brain. Despite current advances in genetic susceptibility studies, challenges remain in defining the causative genes and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we reported that the ARHGEF15 gene was a causal gene linked to autosomal dominant inherited CSVD. We identified one heterozygous nonsynonymous mutation of the ARHGEF15 gene that cosegregated completely in two families with CSVD, and a heterozygous nonsynonymous mutation and a stop-gain mutation in two individuals with sporadic CSVD, respectively. Intriguingly, clinical imaging and pathological findings displayed severe osteoporosis and even osteoporotic fractures in all the ARHGEF15 mutation carriers. In vitro experiments indicated that ARHGEF15 mutations resulted in RhoA/ROCK2 inactivation-induced F-actin cytoskeleton disorganization in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells and osteoblast dysfunction by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteoblast cells. Furthermore, Arhgef15-e(V368M)1 transgenic mice developed CSVD-like pathological and behavioral phenotypes, accompanied by severe osteoporosis. Taken together, our findings provide strong evidence that loss-of-function mutations of the ARHGEF15 gene cause CSVD accompanied by osteoporotic fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cancan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chi Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiuqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Renyi Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases &, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Bioinformatics Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Beisha Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Multi-Omics Research Center for Brain Disorders, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brubaker PL. A New Role for Endocrine Cells in the Intestinal Crypt. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1525-1526. [PMID: 36805429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
|
9
|
McCauley HA, Riedman AM, Enriquez JR, Zhang X, Watanabe-Chailland M, Sanchez JG, Kechele DO, Paul EF, Riley K, Burger C, Lang RA, Wells JM. Enteroendocrine Cells Protect the Stem Cell Niche by Regulating Crypt Metabolism in Response to Nutrients. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1293-1310. [PMID: 36608902 PMCID: PMC10140799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal stem cell niche is exquisitely sensitive to changes in diet, with high-fat diet, caloric restriction, and fasting resulting in altered crypt metabolism and intestinal stem cell function. Unlike cells on the villus, cells in the crypt are not immediately exposed to the dynamically changing contents of the lumen. We hypothesized that enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which sense environmental cues and in response release hormones and metabolites, are essential for relaying the luminal and nutritional status of the animal to cells deep in the crypt. METHODS We used the tamoxifen-inducible VillinCreERT2 mouse model to deplete EECs (Neurog3fl/fl) from adult intestinal epithelium and we generated human intestinal organoids from wild-type and NEUROGENIN 3 (NEUROG3)-null human pluripotent stem cells. We used indirect calorimetry, 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics, mitochondrial live imaging, and the Seahorse bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies) to assess metabolism. Intestinal stem cell activity was measured by proliferation and enteroid-forming capacity. Transcriptional changes were assessed using 10x Genomics single-cell sequencing. RESULTS Loss of EECs resulted in increased energy expenditure in mice, an abundance of active mitochondria, and a shift of crypt metabolism to fatty acid oxidation. Crypts from mouse and human intestinal organoids lacking EECs displayed increased intestinal stem cell activity and failed to activate phosphorylation of downstream target S6 kinase ribosomal protein, a marker for activity of the master metabolic regulator mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These phenotypes were similar to those observed when control mice were deprived of nutrients. CONCLUSIONS EECs are essential regulators of crypt metabolism. Depletion of EECs recapitulated a fasting metabolic phenotype despite normal levels of ingested nutrients. These data suggest that EECs are required to relay nutritional information to the stem cell niche and are essential regulators of intestinal metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Anne Marie Riedman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jacob R Enriquez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xinghao Zhang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics Core Facility, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel O Kechele
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Emily F Paul
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kayle Riley
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Courtney Burger
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Richard A Lang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu C, Yi C, Fu W, Xiong X, Li J. Metabolitin regulates intestinal fat absorption via lymphatic endothelial cells derived neurotensin. J Hepatol 2022:S0168-8278(22)03461-4. [PMID: 36567053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cenxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chuanyou Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stojanović O, Miguel-Aliaga I, Trajkovski M. Intestinal plasticity and metabolism as regulators of organismal energy homeostasis. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1444-1458. [PMID: 36396854 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone secretion, as well as nutrient utilization and storage. In this Perspective, we examine how shifts in dietary and environmental conditions bring about changes in gut size, and describe how the intestine adapts to changes in internal state, bowel resection and gastric bypass surgery. We highlight the critical importance of these intestinal remodelling processes in maintaining energy balance of the organism, and in protecting the metabolism of other organs. The intestinal resizing is supported by changes in the microbiota composition, and by activation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, which govern the intestinal stem cell proliferation, intestinal cell fate, as well as survivability of differentiated epithelial cells. The discovery that intestinal remodelling is part of the normal physiological adaptation to various triggers, and the potential for harnessing the reversible gut plasticity, in our view, holds extraordinary promise for developing therapeutic approaches against metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The intestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized hormone-secreting cells that respond to both circulating and luminal cues. Collectively, EECs constitute the largest endocrine organ of the body and signal to a multitude of targets including locally to neighboring intestinal cells, enteric neurons, as well as systemically to other organs, such as the pancreas and brain. To accomplish their wide range of downstream signaling effects, EECs secrete multiple hormones; however, the mechanisms that influence EEC development in the embryo and differentiation in adults are not well defined. RECENT FINDINGS This review highlights the recent discoveries in EEC differentiation and function while also discussing newly revealed roles of transcription factors and signaling networks involved in the allocation of EEC subtypes that were discovered using a combination of novel intestinal model systems and genetic sequencing. We also discuss the potential of these new experimental models that study the mechanisms regulating EEC function and development both to uncover novel therapeutic targets. SUMMARY Several EEC hormones are being used to treat various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks that facilitate EEC formation is paramount to the development of novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Guillermo Sanchez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jacob R. Enriquez
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
| | - James M. Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave Cincinnati OH, 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|