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Zhang M, Chen H, Liu H, Tang H. The impact of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA on oncogenesis and antiviral therapy. Biomark Res 2024; 12:84. [PMID: 39148134 PMCID: PMC11328401 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains high, with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients facing a significantly increased risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ultimate objective of antiviral therapy is to achieve a sterilizing cure for HBV. This necessitates the elimination of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the complete eradication of integrated HBV DNA. This review aims to summarize the oncogenetic role of HBV integration and the significance of clearing HBV integration in sterilizing cure. It specifically focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which HBV integration leads to HCC, including modulation of the expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, induction of chromosomal instability, and expression of truncated mutant HBV proteins. The review also highlights the impact of antiviral therapy in reducing HBV integration and preventing HBV-related HCC. Additionally, the review offers insights into future objectives for the treatment of CHB. Current strategies for HBV DNA integration inhibition and elimination include mainly antiviral therapies, RNA interference and gene editing technologies. Overall, HBV integration deserves further investigation and can potentially serve as a biomarker for CHB and HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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2
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Chinnappan R, Makhzoum T, Arai M, Hajja A, Abul Rub F, Alodhaibi I, Alfuwais M, Elahi MA, Alshehri EA, Ramachandran L, Mani NK, Abrahim S, Mir MS, Al-Kattan K, Mir TA, Yaqinuddin A. Recent Advances in Biosensor Technology for Early-Stage Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Specific Biomarkers: An Overview. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1519. [PMID: 39061656 PMCID: PMC11276200 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is currently the most common malignancy of the liver. It typically occurs due to a series of oncogenic mutations that lead to aberrant cell replication. Most commonly, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs as a result of pre-occurring liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis. Given its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, the early screening and diagnosis of HCC are crucial. However, due to its plethora of underlying risk factors and pathophysiologies, patient presentation often varies in the early stages, with many patients presenting with few, if any, specific symptoms in the early stages. Conventionally, screening and diagnosis are performed through radiological examination, with diagnosis confirmed by biopsy. Imaging modalities tend to be limited by their requirement of large, expensive equipment; time-consuming operation; and a lack of accurate diagnosis, whereas a biopsy's invasive nature makes it unappealing for repetitive use. Recently, biosensors have gained attention for their potential to detect numerous conditions rapidly, cheaply, accurately, and without complex equipment and training. Through their sensing platforms, they aim to detect various biomarkers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and even whole cells extracted by a liquid biopsy. Numerous biosensors have been developed that may detect HCC in its early stages. We discuss the recent updates in biosensing technology, highlighting its competitive potential compared to conventional methodology and its prospects as a tool for screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chinnappan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS Laboratory, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I-Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tariq Makhzoum
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Momo Arai
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Amro Hajja
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Farah Abul Rub
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Ibrahim Alodhaibi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Mohammed Alfuwais
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Muhammad Affan Elahi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Eman Abdullah Alshehri
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS Laboratory, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I-Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lohit Ramachandran
- Microfluidics, Sensors & Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (L.R.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Microfluidics, Sensors & Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (L.R.); (N.K.M.)
| | - Shugufta Abrahim
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan;
| | - Mohammad Shabab Mir
- School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh 147301, Punjab, India;
| | - Khaled Al-Kattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
- Lung Health Centre Department, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS Laboratory, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence (TR&I-Dpt), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (F.A.R.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.E.); (K.A.-K.); (T.A.M.)
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3
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Hu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhang H, Jin X. Cell-free DNA: a promising biomarker in infectious diseases. Trends Microbiol 2024:S0966-842X(24)00168-9. [PMID: 38997867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose serious threats to public health worldwide. Conventional diagnostic methods for infectious diseases often exhibit low sensitivity, invasiveness, and long turnaround times. User-friendly point-of-care tests are urgently needed for early diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognostic prediction of infectious diseases. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a promising non-invasive biomarker widely used in oncology and pregnancy, has shown great potential in clinical applications for diagnosing infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the most recent cfDNA research on infectious diseases from both the pathogen and host perspectives. We also discuss the technical challenges in this field and propose solutions to overcome them. Additionally, we provide an outlook on the potential of cfDNA as a diagnostic, treatment, and prognostic marker for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Xin Jin
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
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Zoulim F, Chen PJ, Dandri M, Kennedy P, Seeger C. Hepatitis B Virus DNA integration: Implications for diagnostics, therapy, and outcome. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)02343-2. [PMID: 38971531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
HBV DNA integration originally recognized as a non-functional byproduct of the HBV life cycle has now been accepted as a significant contributor to HBV pathogenesis and HDV persistence. Integrated HBV DNA is derived from linear genomic DNA present in virus particles or produced from aberrantly processed relaxed circular genomic DNA following an infection, and can drive expression of HBsAg and HBx. DNA integration events accumulate over the course of viral infection ranging from a few percent during early phases to nearly 100 percent of infected cells after prolonged chronic infection. HBV DNA integration events have primarily been investigated in the context of HCC development where they can activate known oncogenes and other growth promoting genes, cause chromosomal instability and presumably epigenetic alterations promoting tumor growth. More recent evidence suggests that HBsAg expression from integrated DNA might contribute to HBV pathogenesis by attenuating the immune response. Integrated DNA provides a source for envelope proteins required for HDV replication and hence represents a means for HDV persistence. Because integrated DNA is responsible for persistence of HBsAg in the absence of viral replication it impacts established criteria for the resolution of HBV infection which relies on HBsAg as a diagnostic marker. Integrated HBV DNA has been useful in assessing the turnover of infected hepatocytes which occurs during all phases of chronic hepatitis B including the initial phase of infection historically termed immune tolerant. HBV DNA integration was also shown to impact the development of novel therapies targeting viral RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Zoulim
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM, Lyon Hepatology Institute, Lyon, France.
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maura Dandri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems Partner Site
| | - Patrick Kennedy
- Liver Centre, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Khai NX, Huy DQ, Trang DT, Minh NT, Tien TD, Phuong NV, Dung NV, Hang NT, Khanh LV, Hoang NH, Xuan NT, Mao CV, Tong HV. Expression of SUMO and NF-κB genes in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma patients: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38737. [PMID: 38941371 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in signaling pathways and modulation of cell metabolism are associated with the pathogenesis of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins and NF-κB family play major roles in various cellular processes. The current study aims to determine the expression profile of SUMO and NF-κB genes in HCC tumors and investigate their association with the clinical outcome of HCC. The expression of 5 genes - SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p50 - was quantified in tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues of 58 HBV-related HCC patients by real-time quantitative PCR and was analyzed for the possible association with clinical parameters of HCC. The expression of SUMO2 was significantly higher in HCC tumor tissues compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues (P = .01), while no significant difference in SUMO1, SUMO3, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p50 expression was observed between HCC tumor and non-tumor tissues (P > .05). In HCC tissues, a strong correlation was observed between the expression of SUMO2 and NF-κB p50, between SUMO3 and NF-κB p50, between SUMO3 and NF-κB p65 (Spearman rho = 0.83; 0.82; 0.772 respectively; P < .001). The expression of SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p50 was decreased in grade 3 compared to grades 1 and 2 in HCC tumors according to the World Health Organization grades system. Our results highlighted that the SUMO2 gene is upregulated in tumor tissues of patients with HCC, and is related to the development of HCC, thus it may be associated with the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Xuan Khai
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Quang Huy
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Trang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngo Tuan Minh
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Truong Dinh Tien
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Phuong
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngo Thu Hang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Khanh
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Xuan
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Can Van Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Li P, Zhai Z, Fang J, Wang R, Li W, Wang B, Wang J, Zhu J, Bing F, Pan Q, Gao C, Lu S. PLGA micro/nanoparticle vaccination elicits non-tumor antigen specific resident memory CD8 + T cell protection from hepatocellular carcinoma. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12149-12162. [PMID: 38833269 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Together, tumor and virus-specific tissue-resident CD8+ memory T cells (TRMs) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can provide rapid frontline immune surveillance. The quantity and activity of CD8+ TRMs were correlated with the relapse-free survival of patients with improved health. However, HBV-specific CD8+ TRMs have a more exhausted phenotype and respond more actively under anti-PDL1 or PD1 treatment of HBV+HCC patients. Vaccination strategies that induce a strong and sustained CD8+ TRMs response are quite promising. Herein, a biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microsphere and nanosphere particle (PLGA N.M.P) delivery system co-assembled by anti-PD1 antibodies (aPD1) and loaded with ovalbumin (OVA-aPD1 N.M.P) was fabricated and characterized for size (200 nm and 1 μm diameter), charge (-15 mV), and loading efficiencies of OVA (238 μg mg-1 particles) and aPD1 (40 μg mg-1 particles). OVA-aPD1 N.M.P could stimulate the maturation of BMDCs and enhance the antigen uptake and presentation by 2-fold compared to free OVA. The nanoparticles also induced the activation of macrophages (RAW 264.7) to produce a high level of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. In vivo stimulation of mice using OVA-aPD1 N.M.P robustly enhanced IFN-γ-producing-CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissues and the secretion of IgG and IgG2a/IgG1 antibodies. OVA-aPD1 N.M.P delivered OVA to increase the activation and proliferation of OVA-specific CD8+ TRMs, and its combination with anti-PD1 antibodies promoted complete tumor rejection by the reversal of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Thus, PLGA N.M.P could induce a strong CD8+ TRMs response, further highlighting its therapeutic potential in enhancing an antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
| | - Zihe Zhai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jiawen Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Ruo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
| | - Weiqi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Beiduo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
| | - Feng Bing
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
| | - ChangYou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - ShaoHong Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Novel Vaccine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310051, China.
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Zhang S, Xiao X, Yi Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Shen Y, Lin D, Wu C. Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:149. [PMID: 38890350 PMCID: PMC11189549 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, with oncogenic mutations in a normal cell conferring clonal advantage as the initial event. However, despite pervasive somatic mutations and clonal expansion in normal tissues, their transformation into cancer remains a rare event, indicating the presence of additional driver events for progression to an irreversible, highly heterogeneous, and invasive lesion. Recently, researchers are emphasizing the mechanisms of environmental tumor risk factors and epigenetic alterations that are profoundly influencing early clonal expansion and malignant evolution, independently of inducing mutations. Additionally, clonal evolution in tumorigenesis reflects a multifaceted interplay between cell-intrinsic identities and various cell-extrinsic factors that exert selective pressures to either restrain uncontrolled proliferation or allow specific clones to progress into tumors. However, the mechanisms by which driver events induce both intrinsic cellular competency and remodel environmental stress to facilitate malignant transformation are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the genetic, epigenetic, and external driver events, and their effects on the co-evolution of the transformed cells and their ecosystem during tumor initiation and early malignant evolution. A deeper understanding of the earliest molecular events holds promise for translational applications, predicting individuals at high-risk of tumor and developing strategies to intercept malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaosen Zhang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Xiao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Yi
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxuan Zhu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Shen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- CAMS Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100006, Beijing, China.
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Zhang H, Ding J, Zhou Y. Quantitative PCR-based high-sensitivity detection of HBV-DNA levels reflects liver function deterioration in patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2301-2309. [PMID: 39006275 PMCID: PMC11236653 DOI: 10.62347/bdlo2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical implication of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based high-sensitivity detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA levels in patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS From January 2020 to December 2022, 100 fasting serum samples were collected and retrospectively analyzed from patients with treated HBV-related LC attending the Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and Suzhou Guangci Cancer Hospital. Patients were divided into a negative group (HBV-DNA < 20 IU/mL) and a positive group (HBV-DNA ≥ 20 IU/mL) according to their high-sensitivity HBV-DNA test results. The clinical characteristics and serological indicators of the two groups were compared, mainly including gender, age, liver function [total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL)], lipids [total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG)], platelets (PLT), five serum liver fibrosis markers [cholyglycine (CG), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), precollagen type III (PCIII), and type IV collagen (IV-C)], serum gastrointestinal tumor markers [α-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)], and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The differences between the two groups in terms of liver function Child-Pugh grades and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were also compared. RESULTS There were 39 patients in the positive group, including 29 males and 10 females, and 61 patients in the negative group, including 38 males and 23 females, with no statistically significant differences in gender and age distribution between the two groups (P > 0.05). The levels of serological indicators (TP, ALB, AST, GGT, ALP, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, TC, TG, PLT, CG, HA, LN, PCIII, IV-C, AFP, CEA, and HBsAg) in both groups showed no significant differences (P > 0.05), but the ALT level in the positive group was higher than that in the negative group (P < 0.0001). The positive group had worse Child-Pugh grades and higher HCC incidence compared to the negative group (P < 0.0001, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Patients with HBV-related LC and HBV-DNA ≥ 20 IU/mL have higher serum ALT levels, worse liver function Child-Pugh grades, and higher HCC incidence than those with HBV-DNA < 20 IU/mL. High-sensitivity HBV-DNA quantification can reflect the deterioration of liver function in patients with HBV-related LC to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory Department, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayun Ding
- Laboratory Department, Suzhou Guangci Cancer Hospital Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingzhen Zhou
- Laboratory Department, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
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Yang Z, Zeng J, Chen Y, Wang M, Luo H, Huang AL, Deng H, Hu Y. Detection of HBV DNA integration in plasma cell-free DNA of different HBV diseases utilizing DNA capture strategy. Virol Sin 2024:S1995-820X(24)00082-8. [PMID: 38852920 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The landscape of hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration in the plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of HBV-infected patients with different stages of liver diseases [chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] remains unclear. In this study, we developed an improved strategy for detecting HBV DNA integration in plasma cfDNA, based on DNA probe capture and next-generation sequencing. Using this optimized strategy, we successfully detected HBV integration events in chimeric artificial DNA samples and HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells at day one post infection, with high sensitivity and accuracy. The characteristics of HBV integration events in the HBV-infected HepG2-NTCP cells and plasma cfDNA from HBV-infected individuals (CHB, LC, and HCC) were further investigated. A total of 112 and 333 integration breakpoints were detected in the HepG2-NTCP cells and 22 out of 25 (88%) clinical HBV-infected samples, respectively. In vivo analysis showed that the normalized number of support unique sequences (nnsus) in HCC was significantly higher than in CHB or LC patients (P values < 0.05). All integration breakpoints are randomly distributed on human chromosomes and are enriched in the HBV genome around nt 1800. The majority of integration breakpoints (61.86%) are located in the gene-coding region. Both non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) interactions occurred during HBV integration across the three different stages of liver diseases. Our study provides evidence that HBV DNA integration can be detected in the plasma cfDNA of HBV-infected patients, including those with CHB, LC, or HCC, using this optimized strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingyan Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongchun Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Haijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Li Y, Wang H, Ren D, Li J, Mu Z, Li C, He Y, Zhang J, Fan R, Yin J, Su J, He Y, Yao B. Interleukin-41: a novel serum marker for the diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1408584. [PMID: 38835390 PMCID: PMC11148433 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1408584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background For the lack of effective serum markers for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) diagnosis, it is difficult to detect liver cancer and identify its recurrence early. Methods Databases were used to analyze the genes potentially associated with alpha-fetoprotein(AFP). ELISA assay was used to detect the serum IL-41 in HCC, liver metastases, hepatitis, and healthy people. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the relative quantification of IL-41 in HCC and paracancer tissues. Various survival curves were plotted according to clinical pathological data and helped us draw the ROC curve of IL-41 diagnosis of HCC. Results The serum expression of IL-41 was highest in AFP negative HCC patients and significantly higher than that in AFP positive HCC and metastatic cancer patients. There was a significant negative correlation between elevated serum IL-41 and AFP(<1500ng/ml). The clinicopathological features suggested that the serum IL-41 level was significantly correlated with capsule invasion, low differentiation and AFP. High serum expression of IL-41 suggests poorer survival and earlier recurrence after resection, and IL-41 upregulated in patients with early recurrence and death. The expression of IL-41 was higher in HCC tissues of patients with multiple tumors or microvascular invasion. The ROC curve showed that serum IL-41 had a sensitivity of 90.17 for HCC and a sensitivity of 96.63 for AFP-negative HCC, while the specificity was higher than 61%. Conclusion IL-41 in serum and tissue suggests poor prognosis and postoperative recurrence in HCC patients and could be a new serum diagnostic marker for AFP negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhao Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Danfeng Ren
- Department of Communicable Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Mu
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongchao He
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayuan Yin
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaojiao Su
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinli He
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Qiao L, Li C, Lin W, He X, Mi J, Tong Y, Gao J. ViroISDC: a method for calling integration sites of hepatitis B virus based on feature encoding. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:177. [PMID: 38704528 PMCID: PMC11070082 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrates into human chromosomes and can lead to genomic instability and hepatocarcinogenesis. Current tools for HBV integration site detection lack accuracy and stability. RESULTS This study proposes a deep learning-based method, named ViroISDC, for detecting integration sites. ViroISDC generates corresponding grammar rules and encodes the characteristics of the language data to predict integration sites accurately. Compared with Lumpy, Pindel, Seeksv, and SurVirus, ViroISDC exhibits better overall performance and is less sensitive to sequencing depth and integration sequence length, displaying good reliability, stability, and generality. Further downstream analysis of integrated sites detected by ViroISDC reveals the integration patterns and features of HBV. It is observed that HBV integration exhibits specific chromosomal preferences and tends to integrate into cancerous tissue. Moreover, HBV integration frequency was higher in males than females, and high-frequency integration sites were more likely to be present on hepatocarcinogenesis- and anti-cancer-related genes, validating the reliability of the ViroISDC. CONCLUSIONS ViroISDC pipeline exhibits superior precision, stability, and reliability across various datasets when compared to similar software. It is invaluable in exploring HBV infection in the human body, holding significant implications for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chang Li
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqi He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia Mi
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jingyang Gao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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12
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Wang D, Hu X, Xu H, Chen Y, Wang S, Lin G, Yang L, Chen J, Zhang L, Qin P, Wu D, Liang B. Trend analysis and age-period-cohort effects on morbidity and mortality of liver cancer from 2010 to 2020 in Guangzhou, China. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1387587. [PMID: 38756657 PMCID: PMC11096536 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1387587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant gastrointestinal tumors worldwide. This study intends to provide insight into the epidemiological characteristics and development trends of liver cancer incidence and mortality from 2010 to 2020 in Guangzhou, China. Methods Data were collected from the Cancer Registry and Reporting Office of Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Cross-sectional study, Joinpoint regression (JPR) model, and Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model were conducted to analyze the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) trend of liver cancer among the entire study period. Results The age-standardized incidence and mortality of liver cancer in Guangzhou showed an overall decreasing trend. The disparity in risk of morbidity and mortality between the two sexes for liver cancer is increasing. The cohort effect was the most significant among those born in 1965~1969, and the risk of liver cancer incidence and mortality in the total population increased and then decreased with the birth cohort. Compared with the birth cohort born in 1950~1954 (the reference cohort), the risk of liver cancer incidence and mortality in the males born in 1995~1999 decreased by 32% and 41%, respectively, while the risk in the females decreased by 31% and 32%, respectively. Conclusions The early detection, prevention, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of liver cancer in Guangzhou have made remarkable achievements in recent years. However, the risk of liver cancer in the elderly and the middle-aged males is still at a high level. Therefore, the publicity of knowledge related to the prevention and treatment of liver cancer among the relevant population groups should be actively carried out to enhance the rate of early diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer and to advocate a healthier lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedong Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhi Hu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suixiang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhen Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhe Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boheng Liang
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
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Broholm M, Mathiasen AS, Apol ÁD, Weis N. The Adaptive Immune Response in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Characterized by Dysfunctional and Exhausted HBV-Specific T Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:707. [PMID: 38793588 PMCID: PMC11125979 DOI: 10.3390/v16050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review investigates the immunosuppressive environment in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), characterized by dysfunctional and exhausted HBV-specific T cells alongside an increased infiltration of HBV-specific CD4+ T cells, particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs). Heightened expression of checkpoint inhibitors, notably PD-1, is linked with disease progression and recurrence, indicating its potential as both a prognostic indicator and a target for immunotherapy. Nevertheless, using PD-1 inhibitors has shown limited effectiveness. In a future perspective, understanding the intricate interplay between innate and adaptive immune responses holds promise for pinpointing predictive biomarkers and crafting novel treatment approaches for HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Broholm
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Mathiasen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ása Didriksen Apol
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Nina Weis
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Li M, Wu S, Niu J, Luo H, Chen W, Cao L, Yan Y, Tu H, He Y. Identification of hepatitis B virus infection and integration and its oncogenic role in gastric cancer. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1601. [PMID: 38451008 PMCID: PMC10918734 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Li
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Shusheng Wu
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Jiayu Niu
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Huiqin Luo
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Wenju Chen
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Hong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yifu He
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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15
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Chen J, Shen L, Guo Q, Ma S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Qu L, Ng SS, Chen X. The downregulation of Tapasin in dendritic cell regulates CD8 + T cell autophagy to hamper hepatitis B viral clearance in the induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte organoid. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29546. [PMID: 38516804 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Tapasin, a crucial molecular chaperone involved viral antigen processing and presentation, plays an important role in antivirus immunity. However, its impact on T cell differentiation in the context of virus clearance remains unclear. In this study, we employed induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cell, which were subsequently inserted to the inverted colloidal crystal scaffolds, thus establishing a hepatocyte organoid (HO). By inoculating hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles in the system, we successfully engineered a robust in vitro HBV infection model for at least 3 weeks. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the effects of lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting human Tapasin on the differentiation and antiviral function of CD8+ T cells. Specifically, we transfected dendritic cells (DCs) with Tapasin-shRNA and cocultured with T cells. The results demonstrated that Tapasin-shRNA transfected DCs effectively suppressed T cell proliferation and impeded HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Our investigation also revealed the role of mTOR pathway activation in reducing autophagy activity within CD8+ T cells. Expressions of autophagy-related proteins, beclin-1, LC3II/LC3I were decreased and PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity was increased in Tapasin-shRNA group. Collectively, our findings elucidate that shRNA targeting the Tapasin gene within DCs inhibits T cell differentiation by reducing autophagy activity to hamper viral clearance in the HBV-infected HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leer Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Li S, Lin C, Ye Q, Wang Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Gao H, Li T, Qu Y, Wang Y. Risk of HCC decreases in HBV-related patients with cirrhosis acquired recompensation: A retrospective study based on Baveno VII criteria. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0355. [PMID: 38126951 PMCID: PMC10749709 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiviral therapy improves the clinical outcomes of patients with HBV-related cirrhosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence rate of HCC in patients with HBV-related recompensated, compensated, or decompensated cirrhosis based on the latest Baveno VII criteria. METHODS In this two-center retrospective study, HBV-related patients with cirrhosis were enrolled and treated with first-line nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy for at least 12 months. Participants were classified into 3 groups: (1) compensated group, (2) decompensated group, or (3) recompensated group according to Baveno VII criteria. Multivariate regression models and propensity score matching were used to identify the predictors of HCC. RESULTS Of the 404 patients recruited, during a median follow-up of 44.5 months (interquartile range 26.8, 57.0 months), 233 (57.7%), 100 (24.8%), and 71(17.6%) patients had compensated, recompensated, and decompensated cirrhosis. In total, 38 developed HCC. The cumulative incidence of HCC development at 2, 4, and 6 years was 1.3%, 5.4%, and 20.0% in the compensated group, 1.2%, 5.2%, and 24.5% in the recompensated group, and 2.1%, 23.6%, and 41.8% in the decompensated group, respectively. In the multivariate Cox regression model, compared with the recompensated group, the decompensated group had a significant increased risk for the development of HCC (aHR 2.55; 95% CI: 1.240-5.240; p = 0.027), while the compensated group had similar HCC risk for the development of HCC (aHR 1.41; 95% CI: 0.540-3.730; p = 0.835). Propensity score-matching analysis between the recompensated and compensated groups (84 pairs) and propensity score-matching analysis between the recompensated and decompensated groups (62 pairs) showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Achieving recompensation reduced the risk of HCC in patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis, while the risk remained comparable to that of compensated cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Chunlei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juanli Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yushuang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yundong Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Ren H, Chen X, Wang J, Chen Y, Hafiz A, Xiao Q, Fu S, Madireddy A, Li WV, Shi X, Cao J. Temporal and structural patterns of hepatitis B virus integrations in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29187. [PMID: 37877809 PMCID: PMC11131385 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notably, 90% of HBV-positive HCC cases exhibit detectable HBV integrations, hinting at the potential early entanglement of these viral integrations in tumorigenesis and their subsequent oncogenic implications. Nevertheless, the precise chronology of integration events during HCC tumorigenesis, alongside their sequential structural patterns, has remained elusive thus far. In this study, we applied whole-genome sequencing to multiple biopsies extracted from six HBV-positive HCC cases. Through this approach, we identified point mutations and viral integrations, offering a blueprint for the intricate tumor phylogeny of these samples. The emergent narrative paints a rich tapestry of diverse evolutionary trajectories characterizing the analyzed tumors. We uncovered oncogenic integration events in some samples that appear to happen before and during the initiation stage of tumor development based on their locations in reconstituted trajectories. Furthermore, we conducted additional long-read sequencing of selected samples and unveiled integration-bridged chromosome rearrangements and tandem repeats of the HBV sequence within integrations. In summary, this study revealed premalignant oncogenic and sequential complex integrations and highlighted the contributions of HBV integrations to HCC development and genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alex Hafiz
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Qian Xiao
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Fu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Advaitha Madireddy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Wei Vivian Li
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Hepatobiliary Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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18
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Heft Neal ME, Walline HM, Haring CT. Circulating Tumor DNA in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Oropharynx Cancer: Leveraging Early Data to Inform Future Directions. Cancer J 2023; 29:215-219. [PMID: 37471611 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become an area of intense study in many solid malignancies including head and neck cancer. This is of particular interest for human papillomavirus-mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma as this cohort of patients has excellent survival and is undergoing current clinical trials aimed at treatment de-escalation. Recent studies have demonstrated the prognostic implications of pretreatment ctDNA and the utility of monitoring ctDNA during and posttreatment; however, there is a need for a more critical understanding of ctDNA as it is beginning to be incorporated into clinical trials. This review discusses the current state of ctDNA in oropharynx cancer focusing on ctDNA kinetics and minimal residual disease detection and ends with a discussion of future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather M Walline
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Catherine T Haring
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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19
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Nevola R, Beccia D, Rosato V, Ruocco R, Mastrocinque D, Villani A, Perillo P, Imbriani S, Delle Femine A, Criscuolo L, Alfano M, La Montagna M, Russo A, Marfella R, Cozzolino D, Sasso FC, Rinaldi L, Marrone A, Adinolfi LE, Claar E. HBV Infection and Host Interactions: The Role in Viral Persistence and Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087651. [PMID: 37108816 PMCID: PMC10145402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the advent of vaccines and potent antiviral agents able to suppress viral replication, recovery from chronic HBV infection is still an extremely difficult goal to achieve. Complex interactions between virus and host are responsible for HBV persistence and the risk of oncogenesis. Through multiple pathways, HBV is able to silence both innate and adaptive immunological responses and become out of control. Furthermore, the integration of the viral genome into that of the host and the production of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) represent reservoirs of viral persistence and account for the difficult eradication of the infection. An adequate knowledge of the virus-host interaction mechanisms responsible for viral persistence and the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis is necessary for the development of functional cures for chronic HBV infection. The purpose of this review is, therefore, to analyze how interactions between HBV and host concur in the mechanisms of infection, persistence, and oncogenesis and what are the implications and the therapeutic perspectives that follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nevola
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Beccia
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Rosato
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Rachele Ruocco
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Villani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Imbriani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Augusto Delle Femine
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Criscuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Alfano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco La Montagna
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Cozzolino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Marrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Claar
- Liver Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, 80147 Naples, Italy
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