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Jaklová LK, Velemínská J, Dupej J, Moravec T, Bejdová Š. Palatal surface development from 6 years of age to early adulthood: data modelling using 3D geometric morphometrics. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2347-2358. [PMID: 36627532 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study followed the modelling of postnatal growth of a healthy palate of the Central European (Czech) population sample based on transverse data on sex and age from 6 to 19 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digitised 3D models of 212 healthy palatal surfaces were evaluated using 3D geometric morphometrics and superimpositions. The individuals were grouped based on age (preschool, younger and older school age, younger and older adolescents, young adults) and sex (♂ n = 101, ♀ n = 111). RESULTS Female palatal development was non-linear and was interrupted between the 10-12 years and then proceeded intensively until the age of 15 when it ceased. In contrast, male-modelled growth was consistent throughout the follow-up and continued linearly until at least 19 years of age. The palate did not widen further with increasing age, and primarily palatal vaulting and heightening were found. The characteristics and distribution of areas with extensive modelled growth changes were comparable in females and males, as confirmed by the location of principal components (PC1 and PC2) within modal space and growth trajectories. The extent of sexual dimorphism increased from 15 years of age due to pubertal spurt combined with earlier completion of palatal development in females. CONCLUSIONS The study showed modelled healthy palatal development from 6 years of age to early adulthood, which might be utilised as reference standards for the Central European population sample. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The comparison of normal reference subjects with patients with cranio-maxillo-facial dysmorphologies represents the first step in diagnosing and establishing effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kožejová Jaklová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Moravec
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Bejdová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Palatal growth changes in newborns with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate from birth until 12 months after early neonatal cheiloplasty using morphometric assessment. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3809-3821. [PMID: 33409695 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare palatal growth changes in infants with complete unilateral (UCLP) or bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate during the first year of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Upper dental arches of 68 neonates with UCLP and BCLP were evaluated using 2D and 3D morphometry based on dental casts obtained in two age categories (T0 before early neonatal cheiloplasty-UCLP 4 ± 3 days, BCLP 6 ± 5 days; T1 before palatoplasty-UCLP 10 ± 2 months, BCLP 12 ± 3 months). RESULTS Intensive palatal growth was manifested in both directions of the palate. Palatal growth in the anterior direction was not restricted, despite the intercanine (CC´) and anterior (LL´) widths being significantly narrowed in the BCLP group (CC´ p = 0.019, LL´ p = 0.009). The posterior dental arches were significantly enlarged (UCLP p ≤ 0.001; BCLP p ≤ 0.001). The negative effect of cleft severity on palatal length was not confirmed (p = 0.802). Variability of the palate was immense mainly in BCLP infants (T0); however, it decreased in both cleft types, confirming the formative effect of palatal growth leading to alveolar cleft closure (UCLP p ≤ 0.001; BCLP p = 0.006 on the right, 0.005 on the left). CONCLUSIONS Both analyzed cleft groups (UCLP, BCLP) grew favorably during the first year of life, and the palatal growth was not limited in any direction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Geometric morphometry allowed a comprehensive analysis of the palate, which can contribute to the improvement of surgical methods.
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Tripathy M, Anekar J, Ac R, N C S, Napplli D, Lokanath P, Nahi Alharbi A, A Alsobil FM, Devang Divakar D, Ahmed Khan A, Jhugroo C, Balappa Khanagar S, Naik S. A Digital Cephalometric Study on The Morphometric Evaluation of Soft Palate in Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2169-2176. [PMID: 32711447 PMCID: PMC7573394 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic precancerous condition affecting the oral cavity, which is progressive and characterised by burning sensation and fibrotic change leading to restriction of mouth opening. This study evaluated the morphology of soft palate in different stages of OSMF patients using digital lateral cephalogram and compare it with healthy individuals. METHODS The study included 60 subjects, who were grouped as 30 OSMF and 30 healthy subjects from the same geographic population. Digital lateral cephalograms were taken with Planmeca Proline XC (Oy, Helsinki, Finland). Soft palate morphology was evaluated using Lateral Cephalogram, and the results were analysed statistically. RESULTS Leaf-shaped (Type 1) soft palate was commonly seen in the control group and stage I and II OSMF. Stage III OSMF patients presented with a butt-shaped (Type 3) soft palate. As the disease progressed, there was a conversion of Type 1 variety of soft palate to Type 3 variety. There was a gradual reduction in the length of the soft palate in the anteroposterior direction in OSMF patients compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Early cephalometric diagnosis of soft palate changes may play a pivotal role in the overall management of OSMF.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaswita Tripathy
- Dental Surgeon, Sub-Divisional District Head Quarter (SDH) Gunupur District, Rayangada, Odisha, India.,Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayaprasad Anekar
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | - Raj Ac
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Chalakkara, Pallor, Mahe - 673 310, U.T of Puducherry, India
| | - Sandeepa N C
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences - Oral Biology, King Khalid University, College of Dentistry, Abha, KSA
| | - Deepika Napplli
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | - Priya Lokanath
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, KVG Dental College & Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India.,Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, KSA
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, KSA
| | - Chitra Jhugroo
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, KSA
| | - Sanjeev Balappa Khanagar
- Dental Public Health, Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Sachin Naik
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, KSA
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Miller CA, Lee Y, Avey GD, Vorperian HK. Head position classification of medical imaging studies: an assessment and development of a protocol. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 49:20190220. [PMID: 31778320 PMCID: PMC7213527 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the optimal approach to reliably classify head position of head and neck medical imaging studies as flexion, neutral or extension for use in craniofacial and orthodontic research. METHODS AND MATERIAL A prospective study scanned six participants in flexed, neutral and extended head positions. Additionally, a retrospective dataset of 46 CT studies were visually classified into six categories: flexion, neutral-flexion, neutral, neutral-extension, extension and flexion-extension. 14 landmarks were placed in the head and neck region of all studies to calculate 17 head position angle and distance measurements. Assessment of head position classification was performed for each measure, as well as all measures together using GUIDE forest. RESULTS No single measure was sufficient to reliably classify head position in both retrospective and prospective imaging studies. Therefore, this study developed a head position protocol that considers multiple measures using two hybrid predictive models, to classify head position. Compared to visual assessment of head position, this protocol classified the imaging studies into the four head position categories with 82% neutral sensitivity and 100% neutral precision where the three neutral groups (neutral-flexion, neutral and neutral-extension) were grouped together. CONCLUSION This study established a novel head position classification protocol that uses multiple measures accounting for both head and neck positions to reliably classify head positions in imaging studies as: flexion, neutral or extension. Given the limitation that no single measure reliably classified head position, this protocol is strongly recommended to researchers who need to account for head position to reach valid conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Miller
- Vocal Tract Development Lab, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yen Lee
- Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gregory D. Avey
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Houri K. Vorperian
- Vocal Tract Development Lab, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Three-dimensional development of the palate in bilateral orofacial cleft newborns 1 year after early neonatal cheiloplasty: Classic and geometric morphometric evaluation. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020; 48:383-390. [PMID: 32184075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess palatal growth in newborns with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (cBCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate with tissue bridges (BCLP + B) 1 year after early neonatal cheiloplasty (ENC). MATERIAL AND METHODS The methodology was based on classic and morphometric analysis of dental models of newborns with cBCLP or BCLP + B. These analyses included metric analysis, coherent point drift-dense correspondence analysis, superprojection methods, and multivariate statistics. Dental casts were observed in two age categories, which were compared with each other. The first cast was obtained from each patient before ENC (T0, 5 ± 5 days) and the second one prior to palatoplasty (T1, 12 ± 6 months). RESULTS Fifty-two dental models obtained from 26 newborns with cBCLP and BCLP + B were evaluated. The results showed that over the 12-month period, alveolar clefts were narrowed in both cleft types due to anterior growth combined with the formative effect of suturing. This was confirmed by decreases in the dimensions of the right (T0 9.93 ± 2.80 mm, T1 6.64 ± 2.43 mm; p ≤ 0.003) and left (T0 10.71 ± 4.13 mm, T1 6.69 ± 4.29 mm; p ≤ 0.003) alveolar clefts in cBCLP patients. Similar reductions in alveolar cleft widths occurred on the left side (T0 11.69 ± 4.75 mm, T1 4.34 ± 2.97 mm; p ≤ 0.001) of BCLP + B patients, while on the right side, which was connected by a combined tissue bridge, there was non-significant narrowing of the alveolar cleft (T0 1.61 ± 1.34 mm, T1 1.04 ± 0.70 mm; p = 0.120). The ENC did not restrict posterior palatal growth, meaning that intertuberosity width was extended in cBCLP (T0 32.80 ± 3.15 mm, T1 35.86 ± 2.80 mm; p ≤ 0.001) and in BCLP + B neonates (T0 34.01 ± 2.15 mm, T1 36.21 ± 2.14 mm; p ≤ 0.004). Width and length measurements in the observed groups showed growth tendencies equivalent to those in noncleft or LOP patients. Palatal variability was greater in neonatal cBCLP, but was reduced during the monitored period, approximating that for BCLP + B. Regions with the most notable palatal growth were located primarily at the premaxilla and at the anterior and partially posterior ends of the maxillary segments. CONCLUSION Early neonatal cheiloplasty had no negative effect on palatal growth in any direction. There was no reduction in the length or width of the palate during the first year of life, nor was there narrowing of the dentoalveolar arch. The formative effect of the operated lip on the anterior part of the palate was confirmed. This, in combination with the favorable growth, lead to closure of the alveolar cleft.
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Monga N, Kharbanda OP, Balachandran R, Neelapu BC. Palatal volume estimation in operated unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate subjects using digital study models. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 23:284-290. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Monga
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) New Delhi India
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Om Prakash Kharbanda
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Rajiv Balachandran
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi India
| | - Bala Chakravarthy Neelapu
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR‐Central Scientific Instruments Organisation Chandigarh India
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vijayawada AP India
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Kaur Domir S, Gargava A, Deoghare A, Agrawal R. Morphometric Evaluation of Soft Palate in OSMF Patients Using Cephalometrics. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:1018-1022. [PMID: 31742112 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic disease and a well-recognized potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity characterized by inflammation and a progressive fibrosis of the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues. To study the morphology of soft palate in different stages of OSF on digital lateral cephalogram. To compare the changes in morphology of soft palate in OSF patients with control. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2018 on 217 patients with their age ranging from 17 to 60 years. All patients detailed clinical examination and history was taken and cephalometric evaluation was done. Type I (51.14%) was found to be the most common in OSF group followed by type II (21.86%) and type VI (13.64%). The present study highlighted the variable radiographic appearances of the soft palate on lateral cephalograms with type I as most common morphology. Cephalometric analysis is one of the most commonly accepted techniques for evaluating the soft palate in both normal individuals and in those with cleft lip and palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvjeet Kaur Domir
- Department of ENT, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Govt Medical College, Vidisha, MP India
| | - Aditya Gargava
- Department of ENT, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Govt Medical College, Vidisha, MP India
| | - Abhijeet Deoghare
- Department of ENT, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Govt Medical College, Vidisha, MP India
| | - Richa Agrawal
- Department of ENT, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Govt Medical College, Vidisha, MP India
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Segna E, Khonsari RH, Meazzini MC, Battista VMA, Picard A, Autelitano L. Maxillary shape at the end of puberty in operated unilateral cleft lip and palate: A geometric morphometric assessment using computer tomography. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2019; 121:9-13. [PMID: 31255828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cleft lip and palate (CLP) surgery interferes with maxillary growth and contributes to transversal and sagittal growth impairment. Our retrospective descriptive study aimed to evaluate maxillary bone shape in a homogenous unilateral CLP patient group using geometric morphometrics based on CT-scan data. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included all patients with available CT-scans at the end of pubertal growth and operated on at Smile House of Milan, according to the standard protocol, involving two surgical steps: (1) primary closure of the lip and soft palate at 6 months of age and (2) early secondary gingivoalveoloplasty (GAP) associated with hard palate repair at 18-36 months. Shape differences between CLP and an age-matched control group were characterized using geometric morphometrics based on 15 3D landmarks. RESULTS We included 16 unilateral CLP patients and 20 age-matched controls. Principal component and canonical variate analyses showed that the maxillary shape in CLP was significantly different from controls but that this difference was limited. Linear and angular measurements confirmed these differences. CONCLUSION Early secondary GAP results in satisfactory maxillary shape, with significant but limited differences relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Segna
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, filière maladies rares TeteCou, centre de référence maladies rares MAFACE, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - R H Khonsari
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, filière maladies rares TeteCou, centre de référence maladies rares MAFACE, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - M C Meazzini
- Smile House Department of Craniofacial Surgery, San-Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - V M A Battista
- Smile House Department of Craniofacial Surgery, San-Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A Picard
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, filière maladies rares TeteCou, centre de référence maladies rares MAFACE, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - L Autelitano
- Smile House Department of Craniofacial Surgery, San-Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Girinon F, Ketoff S, Hennocq Q, Kogane N, Ullman N, Kadlub N, Galliani E, Neiva-Vaz C, Vazquez MP, Picard A, Khonsari RH. Maxillary shape after primary cleft closure and before alveolar bone graft in two different management protocols: A comparative morphometric study. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2019; 120:406-409. [PMID: 30763782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND SCOPE Result assessment in cleft surgery is a technical challenge and requires the development of dedicated morphometric tools. Two cohorts of patients managed according to two different protocols were assessed at similar ages and their palatal shape was compared using geometric morphometrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten patients (protocol No. 1) benefited from early lip closure (1-3 months) and secondary combined soft and hard palate closure (6-9 months); 11 patients (protocol No. 2) benefited from later combined lip and soft palate closure (6 months) followed by hard palate closure (18 months). Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were acquired at 5 years of age and palatal shapes were compared between protocols No. 1 and No. 2 using geometric morphometrics. RESULTS Protocols No. 1 and No. 2 had a significantly different timing in their surgical steps but were assessed at a similar age (5 years). The inter-canine distance was significantly narrower in protocol No. 1. Geometric morphometrics showed that the premaxillary region was located more inferiorly in protocol No. 1. CONCLUSION Functional approaches to cleft surgery (protocol No. 2) allow obtaining larger inter-canine distances and more anatomical premaxillary positions at 5 years of age when compared to protocols involving early lip closure (protocol No. 1). This is the first study comparing the intermediate results of two cleft management protocols using 3D CBCT data and geometric morphometrics. Similar assessments at the end of puberty are required in order to compare the long-term benefits of functional protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Girinon
- Arts et métiers ParisTech, LBM, Paris, France
| | - S Ketoff
- Arts et métiers ParisTech, LBM, Paris, France; Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Q Hennocq
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - N Kogane
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - N Ullman
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - N Kadlub
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - E Galliani
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Neiva-Vaz
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - M P Vazquez
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - A Picard
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R H Khonsari
- Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker - Enfants Malades, Service de Chirurgie Maxillofaciale et Chirurgie Plastique, Centre de Référence des Malformations de la Face et de la Cavité Buccale (MAFACE), Filière Maladies Rares TeteCou, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Parcha E, Bitsanis E, Halazonetis DJ. Morphometric covariation between palatal shape and skeletal pattern in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Orthod 2018; 39:377-385. [PMID: 27694577 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess shape covariation of the palate and craniofacial complex (CFC) in children and adolescents. Methods Pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs and corresponding maxillary casts of 100 children (8-10 years) and 100 adolescents (15-20 years) were digitized. Exclusion criteria were previous orthodontic treatment, craniofacial syndromes, mouth breathing, finger sucking, crossbite, tooth agenesis, and tooth impaction. Palatal shape was described with 239 surface and curve semilandmarks and craniofacial shape with 10 fixed landmarks and 117 curve semilandmarks. Procrustes superimposition and principal component analysis were applied for evaluation of shape variability. Shape covariation between palate and CFC was assessed with partial least squares analysis. Results The first five principal components explained 77 per cent (palate) and 60 per cent (CFC) of total shape variability. The palate varied mainly in height (adolescent group) and width-length (both groups), whereas the CFC varied mainly in the vertical dimension. Significant covariation was found between the craniofacial and palatal components (RV coefficient: 0.27, children; RV: 0.23, adolescents). Variation of the CFC in the vertical and anteroposterior direction was mainly related to variation in the height-width and the width-length ratio of the palate, respectively. Limitations The use of lateral cephalometric radiographs eliminated the transverse dimension from the craniofacial shape analysis. The study was cross-sectional, so the observed intergroup differences should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions Covariation strength and pattern were similar in children and adolescents. The closer a subject was to the high-angle end of the variability spectrum, the higher and narrower was the palate, and conversely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Parcha
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Bitsanis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios J Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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Three-dimensional development of the upper dental arch in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients after early neonatal cheiloplasty. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 109:1-6. [PMID: 29728158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective morphometric study evaluated the growth of the upper dental arch in UCLP patients after early neonatal cheiloplasty and compared the selected dimensions with published data on non-cleft controls and on later operation protocol patients. METHODS The sample comprised 36 Czech children with nonsyndromic complete UCLP (cUCLP) and 20 Czech children with nonsyndromic incomplete UCLP (UCLP + b). 2-D and 3-D analyses of palatal casts were made at two time points: before neonatal cheiloplasty at the mean age of 3 days (±1 day), and 10 months after surgery at the mean age of 10 months (±1 month). RESULTS The upper dental arch of cUCLP and UCLP + b patients showed similar developmental changes, but the cleft type influenced growth significantly. The initial high shape variability in cUCLP patients diminished after 10 months, and approached the variability in UCLP + b patients. Both the width and length dimensions increased after surgery. Important growth concerned the anterior ends of both segments. The width and length dimensions illustrated similar growth trends with non-cleft controls and UCLP patients who underwent later cheiloplasty. CONCLUSION Early neonatal cheiloplasty caused no reduction in the length or width dimensions during the first year of life. Our data suggest a reconstructed lip has a natural formative effect on the actively growing anterior parts of upper dental arch segments, which cause narrowing of the alveolar cleft.
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Moslerová V, Dadáková M, Dupej J, Hoffmannova E, Borský J, Černý M, Bejda P, Kočandrlová K, Velemínská J. Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry in preschool patients with orofacial clefts after neonatal cheiloplasty. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 108:40-45. [PMID: 29605363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate facial asymmetry changes in pre-school patients with orofacial clefts after neonatal cheiloplasty and to compare facial asymmetry with age-matched healthy controls. METHODS AND MATERIALS The sample consisted of patients with unilateral cleft lip (UCL), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). The patients were divided in two age groups with a mean age of 3 years (n = 51) and 4.5 years (n = 45), respectively, and 78 age-matched individuals as controls. Three-dimensional (3D) facial scans were analyzed using geometric morphometry and multivariate statistics. RESULTS Geometric morphometry showed positive deviations from perfect symmetry on the right side of the forehead in the intervention groups and the controls. The UCL groups showed the greatest asymmetric nasolabial area on the cleft-side labia and the contralateral nasal tip. The UCLP group showed, moreover, asymmetry in buccal region due to typical maxillar hypoplasia, which was accentuated in the older group. The BCLP groups showed slightly similar but greater asymmetry than the control groups, except for the philtrum region. CONCLUSIONS Asymmetry of each of the cleft groups significantly differed from the controls. Except for the buccal region in the UCLP and BCLP groups, asymmetry did not significantly increase with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Moslerová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Dadáková
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Dupej
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Software and Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoffmannova
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Borský
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Černý
- Department of Neonatology and IRCU, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Bejda
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Sokolovská 83, 186 75 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Kočandrlová
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Is Early Nasal Shaping With a Limited Alar Base Incision Possible in the Repair of Cleft Lips? J Craniofac Surg 2017; 27:571-7. [PMID: 27092908 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of cleft lips has an important place in plastic and reconstructive surgery. In the treatment of these deformities, the aim was to restore the normal lip morphology in the cleft area as well as repairing any coexisting nasal deformities. Various methods are in use for this purpose. One of the most commonly employed surgical methods is Millard repair. However, this method may lead to additional scarring in the alar base on the cleft side subsequent to the incision. In this study, the results obtained from a group who have been applied alar base incisions during the modified Millard repair are compared to a group who have undergone intranasal wide dissections.The patients enrolled in the study were randomized into 2 groups. The first group were applied the modified Millard repair. In the second group, the rotation, advancement, and C-flaps were prepared according to Millard surgical repair technique; however, instead of an alar base and nasofacial groove incision on the cleft side, a nasal and maxillary supraperiosteal wide dissection was made through the incision in the mucosa of the nostril.The intranasal dissection performed during the study was observed to provide the targeted outcome and a more satisfactory cosmetic result through the modified Millard repair. In conclusion, the authors are of the opinion that the limited alar base incision and the wide supraperiosteal dissection performed in patients with cleft lips is an alternative method that can be employed in a wide range of patients.
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Generali C, Primozic J, Richmond S, Bizzarro M, Flores-Mir C, Ovsenik M, Perillo L. Three-dimensional evaluation of the maxillary arch and palate in unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects using digital dental casts. Eur J Orthod 2017; 39:641-645. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Brzobohatá H, Krajíček V, Horák Z, Velemínská J. Sexual Dimorphism of the Human Tibia through Time: Insights into Shape Variation Using a Surface-Based Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166461. [PMID: 27846265 PMCID: PMC5112946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we present a three-dimensional (3D) morphometrical assessment of human tibia sexual dimorphism based on whole bone digital representation. To detect shape-size and shape differences between sexes, we used geometric morphometric tools and colour-coded surface deviation maps. The surface-based methodology enabled analysis of sexually dimorphic features throughout the shaft and articular ends of the tibia. The overall study dataset consisted of 183 3D models of adult tibiae from three Czech population subsets, dating to the early medieval (9-10th century) (N = 65), early 20th century (N = 61) and 21st-century (N = 57). The time gap between the chronologically most distant and contemporary datasets was more than 1200 years. The results showed that, in all three datasets, sexual dimorphism was pronounced. There were some sex-dimorphic characteristics common to all three samples, such as tuberosity protrusion, anteriorly bowed shaft and relatively larger articular ends in males. Diachronic comparisons also revealed substantial shape variation related to the most dimorphic area. Male/female distinctions showed a consistent temporal trend regarding the location of dimorphic areas (shifting distally with time), while the maximal deviation between male and female digitized surfaces fluctuated and reached the lowest level in the 21st-century sample. Sex determination on a whole-surface basis yielded the lowest return of correct sex assignment in the 20th-century group, which represented the lowest socioeconomic status. The temporal variation could be attributed to changes in living conditions, the decreasing lower limb loading/labour division in the last 12 centuries having the greatest effect. Overall, the results showed that a surface-based approach is successful for analysing complex long bone geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Brzobohatá
- Department of Prehistorical Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Krajíček
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Horák
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Palatal growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients following neonatal cheiloplasty: Classic and geometric morphometric assessment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 90:71-76. [PMID: 27729158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new method of early neonatal cheiloplasty has recently been employed on patients having complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (cUCLP). We aimed to investigate (1) their detailed palatal morphology before surgery and growth during the 10 months after neonatal cheiloplasty, (2) the growth of eight dimensions of the maxilla in these patients, (3) the development of these dimensions compared with published data on noncleft controls and on cUCLP patients operated using later operation protocol (LOP; 6 months of age). METHODS Sixty-six virtual dental models of 33 longitudinally evaluated cUCLP patients were analysed using metric analysis, a dense correspondence model, and multivariate statistics. We compared the palatal surfaces before neonatal cheiloplasty (mean age, 4 days) and before palatoplasty (mean age, 10 months). RESULTS The palatal form variability of 10-month-old children was considerably reduced during the observed period thanks to their undisturbed growth, that is, the palate underwent the same growth changes following neonatal cheiloplasty. A detailed colour-coded map identified the most marked growth at the anterior and posterior ends of both segments. The maxilla of cUCLP patients after neonatal cheiloplasty had a growth tendency similar to noncleft controls (unlike LOP). CONCLUSIONS Both methodological approaches showed that early neonatal cheiloplasty in cUCLP patients did not prevent forward growth of the upper jaw segments and did not reduce either the length or width of the maxilla during the first 10 months of life.
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Three-dimensional evaluation of facial morphology in pre-school cleft patients following neonatal cheiloplasty. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1109-16. [PMID: 27534972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the facial morphology of pre-school patients with various types of orofacial cleft after neonatal cheiloplasty in pre-school aged children; and to compare facial variability and mean shape with age-corresponding healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 40 patients with unilateral cleft lip (CL), 22 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and 10 patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Patients were divided into two age categories, with a mean age of 3 years and 4.5 years, respectively. The group of healthy age-matched controls contained 60 individuals. Three-dimensional virtual facial models were evaluated using geometric morphometry and multivariate statistics methods. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between each of the cleft groups and the controls. Color-coded maps showed facial shape deviations, which were located mainly in the nasal area and philtrum in all groups examined, and also in the buccal region and the chin in patients with UCLP or BCLP. These differences became more apparent, but not significantly so, in the older age category. CONCLUSION Facial deviations typical of patients with clefts were observed in all of the patient groups examined. Although the analysis showed statistically significant differences in overall facial shape between patients and controls among all groups tested, the facial morphology in patients who have undergone only neonatal cheiloplasty (CL) is influenced to a small extent and may be considered satisfactory. More severe cleft types (UCLP, BCLP) together with palatoplasty, are reflected in more marked impairments in facial shape.
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An Innovative Approach to Evaluate the Morphological Patterns of Soft Palate in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients: A Digital Cephalometric Study. Int J Chronic Dis 2016; 2016:5428581. [PMID: 27034975 PMCID: PMC4808560 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5428581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic insidious disease affecting mucosa and submucosa of oral cavity and soft palate. The present study aimed to evaluate the morphology of soft palate in normal individuals and OSMF patients using lateral cephalometry and to compare and correlate these variants of soft palate with different stages of OSMF. 100 subjects were included in the study, who were divided into two groups. Group I included 50 subjects with clinical diagnosis of OSMF and Group II included 50 normal subjects (control group). Using digital lateral cephalometry, velar length and width were measured and soft palatal patterns were categorized based on You et al.'s classification. Leaf and rat-tail patterns of soft palate were predominant in control group, whereas butt and crook shaped variants were more in study group. Anteroposterior (A-P) length of soft palate was significantly greater in stage I OSMF, while superoinferior (S-I) width was greater in stage III OSMF. Interestingly, a negative correlation was observed in staging of OSMF and A-P dimensions. As the staging of OSMF advances, the A-P length of soft palate decreases, but S-I width increases.
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Trefný P, Krajíček V, Velemínská J. Three-dimensional analysis of palatal shape in patients treated with SARME using traditional and geometric morphometrics. Orthod Craniofac Res 2015; 19:18-27. [PMID: 26443465 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the advantages of dense surface models in the evaluation of surgical-assisted rapid maxillary expansion's effect (SARME) on palatal morphology. Furthermore, we compared the palatal surface before (T1) and after (T2) therapy with controls. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Surgical-assisted rapid maxillary expansion's effect group of 15 adult patients (Le Fort I and midpalatal sagittal osteotomy, hyrax screw) and 50 adult individuals. Patients were treated in General Faculty Hospital, Prague. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty plaster casts were digitized using a three-dimensional laser scanner and evaluated using traditional and geometric morphometrics. RESULTS An unpaired Student's t-test on the controls and the SARME T1 group revealed significant differences in all width measurements. Between the controls and the SARME T2 group, significant differences were only related to the interdental angle between the first molars and particularly to the palatal height. The most remarkable differences between the pre- and post-treatment palatal morphology were a widening of the dental arch and buccal shift of the lateral teeth associated with apparent flattening of the alveolar crest. CONCLUSIONS Dense surface model provided descriptive visualization of the treatment effect and was helpful in the evaluation of palatal shape variability including detection of the most difficult patients. Correction of the dental arch width discrepancy by SARME was successfully achieved. After therapy, palatal shape variability of most of the patients was comparable to the variability of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trefný
- 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Krajíček
- Department of Software and Computer Science Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Velemínská
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rusková H, Bejdová Š, Peterka M, Krajíček V, Velemínská J. 3-D shape analysis of palatal surface in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:e140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Kuijpers MAR, Chiu YT, Nada RM, Carels CEL, Fudalej PS. Three-dimensional imaging methods for quantitative analysis of facial soft tissues and skeletal morphology in patients with orofacial clefts: a systematic review. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93442. [PMID: 24710215 PMCID: PMC3977868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current guidelines for evaluating cleft palate treatments are mostly based on two-dimensional (2D) evaluation, but three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods to assess treatment outcome are steadily rising. Objective To identify 3D imaging methods for quantitative assessment of soft tissue and skeletal morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate. Data sources Literature was searched using PubMed (1948–2012), EMBASE (1980–2012), Scopus (2004–2012), Web of Science (1945–2012), and the Cochrane Library. The last search was performed September 30, 2012. Reference lists were hand searched for potentially eligible studies. There was no language restriction. Study selection We included publications using 3D imaging techniques to assess facial soft tissue or skeletal morphology in patients older than 5 years with a cleft lip with/or without cleft palate. We reviewed studies involving the facial region when at least 10 subjects in the sample size had at least one cleft type. Only primary publications were included. Data extraction Independent extraction of data and quality assessments were performed by two observers. Results Five hundred full text publications were retrieved, 144 met the inclusion criteria, with 63 high quality studies. There were differences in study designs, topics studied, patient characteristics, and success measurements; therefore, only a systematic review could be conducted. Main 3D-techniques that are used in cleft lip and palate patients are CT, CBCT, MRI, stereophotogrammetry, and laser surface scanning. These techniques are mainly used for soft tissue analysis, evaluation of bone grafting, and changes in the craniofacial skeleton. Digital dental casts are used to evaluate treatment and changes over time. Conclusion Available evidence implies that 3D imaging methods can be used for documentation of CLP patients. No data are available yet showing that 3D methods are more informative than conventional 2D methods. Further research is warranted to elucidate it. Systematic review registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO CRD42012002041
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette A. R. Kuijpers
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Cleft Palate Craniofacial Unit, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu-Ting Chiu
- Department of Dentistry and Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rania M. Nada
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carine E. L. Carels
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Cleft Palate Craniofacial Unit, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr S. Fudalej
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Piras P, Evangelista A, Gabriele S, Nardinocchi P, Teresi L, Torromeo C, Schiariti M, Varano V, Puddu PE. 4D-analysis of left ventricular heart cycle using procrustes motion analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86896. [PMID: 24466282 PMCID: PMC3900685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate human left ventricular heart morphological changes in time among 17 healthy subjects. Preliminarily, 2 patients with volumetric overload due to aortic insufficiency were added to our analyses. We propose a special strategy to compare the shape, orientation and size of cardiac cycle's morphological trajectories in time. We used 3D data obtained by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in order to detect semi-automated and homologous landmarks clouds as proxies of left ventricular heart morphology. An extended Geometric Morphometrics toolkit in order to distinguish between intra- and inter-individual shape variations was used. Shape of trajectories with inter-individual variation were compared under the assumption that trajectories attributes, estimated at electrophysiologically homologous times are expressions of left ventricular heart function. We found that shape analysis as commonly applied in Geometric Morphometrics studies fails in identifying a proper morpho-space to compare the shape of morphological trajectories in time. To overcome this problem, we performed a special type of Riemannian Parallel Transport, called "linear shift". Whereas the two patients with aortic insufficiency were not differentiated in the static shape analysis from the healthy subjects, they set apart significantly in the analyses of motion trajectory's shape and orientation. We found that in healthy subjects, the variations due to inter-individual morphological differences were not related to shape and orientation of morphological trajectories. Principal Component Analysis showed that volumetric contraction, torsion and twist are differently distributed on different axes. Moreover, global shape change appeared to be more correlated with endocardial shape change than with the epicardial one. Finally, the total shape variation occurring among different subjects was significantly larger than that observable across properly defined morphological trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- Center for Evolutionary Ecology, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Gabriele
- Departimento di Architettura, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
- LaMS - Modeling and Simulation Lab, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Nardinocchi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria strutturale e Geotecnica, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Luciano Teresi
- LaMS - Modeling and Simulation Lab, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
- Departimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Concetta Torromeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Schiariti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Varano
- Departimento di Architettura, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
- LaMS - Modeling and Simulation Lab, Università Roma Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Emilio Puddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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Kennedy AE, Dickinson AJ. Quantitative analysis of orofacial development and median clefts in Xenopus laevis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:834-55. [PMID: 24443252 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Xenopus has become a useful tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying orofacial development. However, few quantitative analyses exist to describe the anatomy of this region. In this study we combine traditional facial measurements with geometric morphometrics to describe anatomical changes in the orofacial region during normal and abnormal development. Facial measurements and principal component (PC) analysis indicate that during early tadpole development the face expands primarily in the midface region accounting for the development of the upper jaw and primary palate. The mouth opening correspondingly becomes flatter and wider as it incorporates the jaw elements. A canonical variate analysis of orofacial and mouth opening shape emphasized that changes in the orofacial shape occur gradually. Orofacial anatomy was quantified after altered levels of retinoic acid using all-trans retinoic acid or an inhibitor of retinoic acid receptors or by injecting antisense oligos targeting RALDH2. Such perturbations resulted in major decreases in the width of the midface and the mouth opening illustrated in facial measurements and a PC analysis. The mouth opening shape also had a gap in the primary palate resulting in a median cleft in the mouth opening that was only illustrated quantitatively in the morphometric analysis. Finally, canonical and discriminant function analysis statistically distinguished the orofacial and mouth opening shape changes among the different modes used to alter retinoic acid signaling levels. By combining quantitative analyses with molecular studies of orofacial development we will be better equipped to understand the complex morphogenetic processes involved in palate development and clefting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson E Kennedy
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 West Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia
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Neiva C, Dakpe S, Gbaguidi C, Testelin S, Devauchelle B. Calvarial periosteal graft for second-stage cleft palate surgery: a preliminary report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:e117-24. [PMID: 24011466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of cleft palate surgery are to achieve optimal outcomes regarding speech development, hearing, maxillary arch development and facial skull growth. Early two-stage cleft palate repair has been the most recent protocol of choice to achieve good maxillary arch growth without compromising speech development. Hard palate closure occurs within one year of soft palate surgery. However, in some cases the residual hard palate cleft width is larger than 15 mm at the age of two. As previously reported, integrated speech development starts around that age and it is a challenge since we know that early mobilization of the mucoperiosteum interferes with normal facial growth on the long-term. In children with large residual hard palate clefts at the age 2, we report the use of calvarial periosteal grafts to close the cleft. MATERIAL AND METHODS With a retrospective 6-year study (2006-2012) we first analyzed the outcomes regarding impermeability of hard palate closure on 45 patients who at the age of two presented a residual cleft of the hard palate larger than 15 mm and benefited from a periosteal graft. We then studied the maxillary growth in these children. In order to compare long-term results, we included 14 patients (age range: 8-20) treated between 1994 & 2006. Two analyses were conducted, the first one on dental casts from birth to the age of 6 and the other one based on lateral cephalograms following Delaire's principles and TRIDIM software. RESULTS After the systematic cephalometric analysis of 14 patients, we found no evidence of retrognathia or Class 3 dental malocclusion. In the population of 45 children who benefited from calvarial periosteal grafts the rate of palate fistula was 17% vs. 10% in the overall series. CONCLUSION Despite major advances in understanding cleft defects, the issues of timing and choice of the surgical procedure remain widely debated. In second-stage surgery for hard palate closure, using a calvarial periosteal graft could be the solution for large residual clefts without compromising adequate speech development by encouraging proper maxillary arch growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Neiva
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center, Place Victor Pauchet, 80054 Amiens Cedex, France.
| | - Stephanie Dakpe
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, Pôle santé 3, Rue DES LOUVELS 80036 AMIENS CEDEX 1, France
| | - Cica Gbaguidi
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, Pôle santé 3, Rue DES LOUVELS 80036 AMIENS CEDEX 1, France
| | - Sylvie Testelin
- Facing Faces Institute, Amiens University Hospital Center, Place Victor Pauchet, 80054 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Devauchelle
- Facing Faces Institute, Amiens University Hospital Center, Place Victor Pauchet, 80054 Amiens Cedex, France
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25
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Shankar VN, Hegde K, Ashwini NS, Praveena V, Ravi Prakash SM. Morphometric evaluation of soft palate in oral submucous fibrosis--a digital cephalometric study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 42:48-52. [PMID: 23523556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Present study was carried out to evaluate the morphology of soft palate in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) patients using digital lateral cephalogram. A total number of 70 patients were included in the study (Control group had 35 patients and Study group had 35 OSF patients) were evaluated for soft palate by digital lateral cephalogram. The anterio-posterior length and superior-inferior length of soft palate were measured. The morphology of soft palate was categorized as type 1, to type 6. Different types of soft palate were compared with stages of OSF. Among the Study group (35 patients) 62.9% had Stage 2 OSF. Leaf shaped (Type 1) soft palate was seen commonly in stage 2 OSF whereas butt shaped (Type 3) in stage 3 OSF. In the present study there was statistically significant difference in length (anterio-posterior) of Type 1 soft palate of OSF patients. In the present study as the OSF progressed to advanced stage there was gradual change from Type 1 and Type 2 variety of Soft palate to Type 3 and Type 6 variety of soft palate. The study observed that there was gradual reduction in the length of soft palate in anterior-posterior direction in OSF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemanna Naveen Shankar
- Department of Oral medicine and Radiology, Kothiwal Dental College Research Centre and Hospital, Kanth Road, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Karthik Hegde
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Peoples Dental College, Bhanupur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Shankar Ashwini
- Kothiwal Dental College Research Centre and Hospital, Kanth Road, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - V Praveena
- Cure and Care ENT Centre, Bagepalli 561207, Chikkaballapura, Karnataka, India
| | - S M Ravi Prakash
- Department of Oral medicine and Radiology, Kothiwal Dental College Research Centre and Hospital, Kanth Road, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jiri B, Jana V, Michal J, Jiri K, Dana H, Miroslav T, Milos C, Zdenek K, Jaroslav F, Jan J, Jiri Z, Renata P, Miroslav P. Successful early neonatal repair of cleft lip within first 8 days of life. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:1616-26. [PMID: 22906307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the children born with a cleft lip, surgery is the first step in correcting the inborn anomaly. In comparison with usually made 3-month surgery, benefits of the surgery in neonates have been reported: a very good wound healing, feeding facilitation, and good socialization of a child from neonatal age. The aims of the present study were to perform cheiloplasty in early newborns affected by the total cleft lip and palate (CLP) by the technique modified to search for optimum aesthetic result, and to assess the surgery outcome from qualitative and quantitative aspects. METHODS The operations were performed by the same surgeon in 97 neonates 1-8 days old during 2005-2008. The original technique by Tennison was modified and used. Aesthetic outcome of the surgery was evaluated according to scar visibility, and the shape and symmetry of the lip and nose. The effect of cheiloplasty on the formation of the upper jaw segments was evaluated in a sample of unilateral CLP patients using the 3D-finite element scaling analysis (FESA). We compared 3D models of dental plaster casts made prior to lip surgery (in neonates under 8 days of age) and prior to palate surgery (at 12 months of age). RESULTS Only the children in excellent health state and without an associated inborn defect were allowed to pass the operation. There were no per-operative complications (except the correction of tracheal tube position in several cases). The parents appreciated bringing home a neonate with no visible cleft. This aspect not only facilitated baby feeding, but had important positive psycho-social impact on the whole family. The wound healing and aesthetic effect of the cheiloplasty were very good. The scar was barely visible and lip and nose were symmetric in majority of children. After lip closure, the growth and approximation of jaw segments was observed. This aspect was also associated with incisors development in the anterior portion of the segment including premaxilla. CONCLUSIONS Our results show, that early neonatal lip surgery of CLP is promising technique with very good aesthetic results and important positive psychological impact on the child and its family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borsky Jiri
- Plastic Surgery Clinic, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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