1
|
Mabrouk MM, Abdullateef KS, Abdelsattar AH, Elbarbary M, Kaddah S, Mohamed W. Comparative Study between Modified Millard and White Roll Vermilion Flap Techniques in Unilateral Lip Repair: A Randomised Controlled Study. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2024; 21:18-27. [PMID: 38259015 PMCID: PMC10903735 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_20_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft lip and palate, which affects 0.5-1.6 out of every 1000 live births, is the most prevalent congenital defect of the head and neck. Several approaches, including quadrangular flaps, triangular flaps and rotation-advancement procedures, White Roll Vermilion Turn Down Flap (WRV flap) from the lateral lip element were employed by Mishra to modify Millard's technique to create the vermilion and white roll on the medial lip segment. This study aimed to use the anthropometric measurements taken pre- and post-operation to evaluate quantitative assessment of modified Millard technique compared with WRV flap technique in unilateral cleft lip (UCL) repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective, randomised controlled study recruited infants scheduled for UCL repair. Infants aged 3-6 months, either complete or incomplete deformity. A total of 42 patients were randomized in 1:1 ratio to undergo either WRV flap technique (group A) or modified Millard technique (group B) and another control included 21 age-matched healthy children. We compared WRV flap procedure to Modified Millard's procedure in terms of both qualitative (another surgeon's opinion) and quantitative (anthropometric) evaluation. RESULTS Vertical lip length and philtral lip height significantly longer in Millard group (B) than WRV flap group (A) in immediate postoperative assessment and nasal width was significantly wider in WRV flap group (A) than Millard group (B) in 3-month post-operative assessment. The lip shape, the vermilion shape was better in Millard technique than WRV flap technique; however, this was statistically insignificant. However, no major difference in the overall results between the WRV flap and Millard rotation-advancement repairs. CONCLUSION Anthropometric measurement of surgical outcome evaluates the surgical technique used and helps to compare between cleft and non-cleft side showing the degree of deformity and we used subjective assessment to analyse facial aesthetics. Overall results demonstrate no significant differences between modified Millard technique and WRV flap technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Mabrouk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cairo University Children Specialized Hospital, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdullateef KS, Nagaty MAM, Fathy M, Elmenawi KA, Aboalazayem A, Abouelfadl MH. The Outcomes of Modified Millard Technique Versus Tennison-Randall Technique in Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: A Comparative Trial. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2024; 21:12-17. [PMID: 38259014 PMCID: PMC10903732 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_99_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to use anthropometric measurements taken pre- and post-operation to evaluate quantitative assessment of modified Millard technique compared with Tennison-Randall technique in unilateral cleft lip (UCL) repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective randomised controlled study recruited infants scheduled for UCL repair. Infants aged 2-6 months, either complete or incomplete deformity. A total of 68 patients were randomised in 1:1 ratio to undergo either modified Millard technique (Group I) or Tennison-Randall technique (Group II). RESULTS Group I had significantly longer operative time than Group II (85.7 ± 7.4 vs. 68.7 ± 8.8 min, respectively; P < 0.001). Group I has less post-operative wound infection, wound dehiscence and wound scarring than Group II, but Group II has less post-operative lip notch. In Group I, greater increases in post-operative horizontal lip length and vertical lip height were observed, compared to Group II, without statistically significant difference. Group I showed a greater reduction in nasal width and total nasal width than Group II, without statistically significance. Group II had a greater increase in philtral height. However, only post-operative Cupid's-bow width was significantly different between two groups (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION Overall results demonstrate no significant differences between modified Millard technique and Tennison-Randall technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Fathy
- Department Pediatric Surgery, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | | | - Abeer Aboalazayem
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Abouelfadl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdurrob A, Shumrick CM, Scott AR, Marston AP. Longitudinal Anatomic Analysis of Primary Cleft Lip Rhinoplasty Outcomes. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2023; 25:425-430. [PMID: 36976783 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2022.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The unilateral cleft lip deformity is associated with nasal deformities with secondary functional and aesthetic challenges. Objectives: Compare the change in nasal symmetry before and incrementally after primary endonasal cleft rhinoplasty concurrent with lip repair. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of infants undergoing unilateral cleft lip repair. Data collection included demographics, surgical history, and pre- and postoperative alar and nostril photographs analyzed with Image J. Statistical analysis was done using linear and multivariable mixed effect models. Results: Twenty-two patients with a near even gender distribution (46% female) and primarily left-sided cleft lips underwent unilateral lip repair at a mean age of 3.9 months (median 3.0, range 2-12). Mean pre- and postoperative alar symmetry ratios were 0.099 (standard error [SE] 0.0019) and -0.0012 (SE 0.0179), with zero representing perfect symmetry and negative values indicating overcorrection. These values at 1, 2-4, 5-7, 8-12, 13-24, and 25+ months were 0.026, 0.050, 0.046, 0.052, 0.049, and 0.052 (SE range: 0.0015-0.0096), respectively, demonstrating stability of the alar symmetry 4 months postrepair. Conclusions: In this study, patients who underwent an overcorrective primary cleft rhinoplasty concurrent with lip repair had an initial regression of symmetry within the first 4 months postoperatively, followed by observed stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Abdurrob
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher M Shumrick
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew R Scott
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander P Marston
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adetayo AM, Taiwo AO, Adetayo MO, Salami OF. Effect of Cleft Types on Outcome of Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2020; 10:297-303. [PMID: 33708571 PMCID: PMC7943988 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_293_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is generally assumed that the major phenotypes of unilateral cleft lip (UCL) represent its extent of severity. There are a few studies on this, but objectivity has been lacking. It was the aim of this study to assess the effect of different phenotypes of UCL on the outcome of surgical repair. Methodology: This study was a case series of the effect of phenotypes of cleft on the outcome of repair of UCL. Fifteen subjects each were in three UCL phenotype groups. Surgical outcome was assessed quantitatively with anthropometric measurements recorded from a full frontal face photograph of subjects. The analysis was done using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA at P = 0.05. Results: The mean values of the preoperative horizontal and vertical lip height, and nasal width on the cleft side in the cleft lip (CL) group were closest to those of the noncleft side and control. The postoperative mean values of the horizontal and vertical lip height, and nasal width on the cleft side in the CL group were closest to those of the noncleft side and control, while those of the CL, alveolus and palate group were farthest from those of the noncleft side and the control. Discussion: The different phenotypes of UCL have different degrees of tissue distortion and deficiencies. CL group had its measurements closest to that of the noncleft sides and control, suggesting that it has the least distortion. Conclusion: The comparison between the three groups did not reveal any difference, suggesting that the skill of the surgeon and the selection of a well proven technique are more important factors in the outcome of repair of unilateral cleft lip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle Moses Adetayo
- Department of Surgery, Benjamin Carson SNR School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria.,Department of Dentistry, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Omotayo F Salami
- Department of Surgery, Benjamin Carson SNR School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria.,Department of Surgery, Anaesthesia Unit, Benjamin Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jung S, Chung KH, Chang SY, Ohrmman D, Lim E, Lo LJ. A new technique for perioral muscle reconstruction and lip lengthening in complete unilateral cleft lip. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 73:749-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND When treating a patient with a unilateral cleft lip, the goal is to try and achieve a result that is the least perceivable at conversational distance. The result should be a balanced and symmetric lip with scars that are hidden or are placed in natural anatomical lines. Several methods have been described to repair the lip. The most popular repairs at present are the rotation-advancement or its modifications and the various versions of the straight-line repair. METHODS In the author's unit, a method has evolved entitled the symmetric philtral column repair. In this method, the author attempts to achieve a philtral column that mirrors the philtral column on the normal side, producing a balanced appearing lip. This method has been used for the past 14 years in over 500 patients. RESULTS The results have been satisfying, with a lip revision rate of 6 percent. CONCLUSIONS The symmetric philtral column repair of a unilateral cleft lip is an effective and safe repair. The repair is easy to understand and produces results that minimize the stigmata of a cleft lip deformity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Adetayo AM, James O, Adeyemo WL, Ogunlewe MO, Butali A. Unilateral cleft lip repair: a comparison of treatment outcome with two surgical techniques using quantitative (anthropometry) assessment. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 44:3-11. [PMID: 29535963 PMCID: PMC5845966 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2018.44.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The unilateral cleft lip (UCL) repair technique has evolved extensively over the past century into its modern form and has been identified as an important determinant of treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare treatment outcomes following repair of UCL using either the Tennison-Randall (triangular) technique or the Millard rotation-advancement technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective randomized controlled study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between January 2013 and July 2014. A total of 48 subjects with UCL presenting for primary surgery and who satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. The subjects were randomly allocated into two surgical groups through balloting. Group A underwent cleft repair with the Tennison-Randall technique, while group B underwent cleft repair with the Millard rotation-advancement technique. Surgical outcome was assessed quantitatively according to anthropometric measurements, using a method described by Cutting and Dayan (2003). RESULTS Our 48 enrolled subjects were evenly divided into the two surgery groups (n=24 for both group A and group B). Twenty-seven subjects were male (56.3%) and 21 were female (43.8%), making a sex ratio of 1.3:1. The Millard group showed a greater increase in postoperative horizontal length and vertical lip height and a greater reduction in nasal width and total nasal width. Meanwhile, the Tennison-Randall group showed better reduction of Cupid's-bow width and better philtral height. CONCLUSION We did not find any significant differences in the surgical outcomes from the two techniques. The expertise of the surgeon and individual patient preferences are the main factors to consider when selecting the technique for unilateral cleft repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olutayo James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Wasiu L. Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mobolanle O. Ogunlewe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vyloppilli S, Krishnakumar KS, Sayd S, Latheef S, Narayanan SV, Pati A. Postoperative alar base symmetry in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate:A prospective study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 70:1614-1619. [PMID: 28676318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the evolution of cleft lip repair, there have been continuous attempts to minimize local trauma and to improve lip and nasal appearances. In order to obtain an aesthetically balanced development of midface, the primary surgical correction of the nasolabial area is of paramount importance. In this study, the importance of a back-cut extending cephalically above the inferior turbinate at the mucocutaneous junction which elevates the nostril floor on the cleft side for the purpose of achieving symmetry of the alar bases are analyzed by pre and postoperative photographic anthropometry. This study comprised of fifty cases of the unilateral complete cleft lip. At the time of surgery, the patient age ranged from 3-9 months. The surgeries, performed by a single surgeon, employed the standard Millard technique, incorporating Mohler modifications of lip repair. Anthropometric analysis revealed that the preoperative mean difference between the normal side and the cleft side was 0.2056 with a standard deviation of 0.133. In the postoperative analysis, the mean difference was reduced to 0.0174 with a standard deviation of 0.141. The paired t-test showed that the p-value is <0.001, indicating high statistical significance. To conclude, in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, the geometrically placed nasal back-cut incision has a definite role in the correction of the alar base symmetry during primary surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Vyloppilli
- Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College & Hospital, Kolenchery, Ernakulam, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair Using the Anatomical Subunit Approximation: Modifications and Analysis of Early Results in 100 Consecutive Cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137:644e-645e. [PMID: 26910717 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000480019.05079.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Li L, Liao L, Zhong Y, Li Y, Xiang L, Li W. A modified Mohler technique for patients with unilateral cleft lip based on geometric principles--A primary report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:663-70. [PMID: 25957102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Mohler technique is one of the most popular methods to repair unilateral cleft lip (UCL) among the modified Millard methods, but it is still imperfect. We successfully designed a modified Mohler method based on geometric principles and observed its clinical effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Photogrammetry was performed in 56 patients who underwent UCL repair with the new technique. The symmetry ratios were assessed for sn-cphi, cphi-sbal, ch-sbal, ch-cphi, and vh preoperatively and 1 week after surgery, and were also compared with values in healthy control individuals. RESULTS Preoperatively, all distances on the cleft side were shorter to different degrees. One week after surgery, results showed well-healed wounds with full, symmetric, and continuous vermilion. On the cleft side, the sn-cphi was 6.13% longer than the non-cleft, and the others were shorter (cphi-sbal: 5.904%; ch-sbal: 1.760%; ch-cphi: 6.234%). The symmetry ratios had differences of significance between preoperative values and those 1 week after surgery (p = 0.000, respectively). Moreover, the vermilion height on the cleft side was 1.026% thicker. When compared with the matched control group, with the exception of SRcphi-sbal (p = 0.072) and SRch-sbal (p = 0.139), there were significant differences (p = 0.000, respectively). All distances in the matched control group were not absolutely symmetric. CONCLUSIONS The modified Mohler technique seems widely applicable, marking accurate, and less flexible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Li
- Oral Department, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Lishu Liao
- Oral Department, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zhong
- Oral Department, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Yuangui Li
- Oral Department, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Li Xiang
- Oral Department, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Wanshan Li
- Oral Department, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Berssenbrügge P, Berlin NF, Kebeck G, Runte C, Jung S, Kleinheinz J, Dirksen D. 2D and 3D analysis methods of facial asymmetry in comparison. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:e327-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|