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Yin AA, Dong Y, Zhang X, Song BQ, Bai SZ. A new method to orient a 3-dimensional facial model to natural head position: A preliminary report on accuracy and reproducibility. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:101980. [PMID: 39094788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish and validate a novel method to orient a 3-dimensional (3D) facial model to natural head position (NHP) in a stereophotogrammetric system using a 2-dimensional frontal full-face photograph of NHP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specific technique procedure was reported for our method, and in vitro model experiment was performed for accuracy test. A preliminary volunteer study was then planned for reproducibility test. RESULTS The accuracy on a 3D-printed test model was within 0.15°. Within an observational cohort of 22 dental students, the angular deviations of different maxillofacial regions (e.g., central forehead, left and right zygomatic regions, apex of nose and mental region) were no more than 2° between the 3D NHP models acquired with a shorter time-interval (1 h from baseline) or a longer time-interval (7 days from baseline), which were all considered clinically insignificant. In addition, the angular deviations were significantly larger with a 7d-interval than with a 1h-interval, indicting a decline in 3D NHP reproducibility over short time duration. CONCLUSION The current method may represent a clinically useful protocol for recording and transferring 3D NHP in stereophotogrammetry. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It may provide reliable and meaningful reference information for evaluating craniofacial morphology, and be of clinical use in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-ups of patients with aesthetic or deformed craniofacial problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-An Yin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinic Genetics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Bao-Qiang Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shi-Zhu Bai
- Digital Dentistry Center, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University & State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an, China.
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Rosmaninho A, Zeitler JM, Vedovato E, Kois JC, Revilla-León M. Using an additively manufactured natural head position reference device to transfer the horizon orientation plane and integrate it with a 3-dimensional virtual patient: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:7-12. [PMID: 35382942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A virtual patient is obtained by aligning a patient's digital information, including facial and intraoral digital scans with or without hard tissue information from a cone beam computed tomography scan. However, while computer-aided design programs facilitate virtual patient integration, they do not provide a way to relate the horizon orientation with the patient's horizontal and vertical facial references. The present technique describes a way of relating the horizon orientation plane to the natural head position of the patient. An additively manufactured natural head position reference device was used to transfer the horizon orientation plane to the 3-dimensional virtual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John C Kois
- Founder and Director Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Affiliate Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Private Practice, Seattle, Wash
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Director of Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash; Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.
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Tao L, Li M, Zhang X, Cheng M, Yang Y, Fu Y, Zhang R, Qian D, Yu H. Automatic craniomaxillofacial landmarks detection in CT images of individuals with dentomaxillofacial deformities by a two-stage deep learning model. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:876. [PMID: 37978486 PMCID: PMC10657133 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate cephalometric analysis plays a vital role in the diagnosis and subsequent surgical planning in orthognathic and orthodontics treatment. However, manual digitization of anatomical landmarks in computed tomography (CT) is subject to limitations such as low accuracy, poor repeatability and excessive time consumption. Furthermore, the detection of landmarks has more difficulties on individuals with dentomaxillofacial deformities than normal individuals. Therefore, this study aims to develop a deep learning model to automatically detect landmarks in CT images of patients with dentomaxillofacial deformities. METHODS Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) CT data of 80 patients with dentomaxillofacial deformities were collected for model development. 77 anatomical landmarks digitized by experienced CMF surgeons in each CT image were set as the ground truth. 3D UX-Net, the cutting-edge medical image segmentation network, was adopted as the backbone of model architecture. Moreover, a new region division pattern for CMF structures was designed as a training strategy to optimize the utilization of computational resources and image resolution. To evaluate the performance of this model, several experiments were conducted to make comparison between the model and manual digitization approach. RESULTS The training set and the validation set included 58 and 22 samples respectively. The developed model can accurately detect 77 landmarks on bone, soft tissue and teeth with a mean error of 1.81 ± 0.89 mm. Removal of region division before training significantly increased the error of prediction (2.34 ± 1.01 mm). In terms of manual digitization, the inter-observer and intra-observer variations were 1.27 ± 0.70 mm and 1.01 ± 0.74 mm respectively. In all divided regions except Teeth Region (TR), our model demonstrated equivalent performance to experienced CMF surgeons in landmarks detection (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The developed model demonstrated excellent performance in detecting craniomaxillofacial landmarks when considering manual digitization work of expertise as benchmark. It is also verified that the region division pattern designed in this study remarkably improved the detection accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leran Tao
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Mechanical college, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mengjia Cheng
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Lanhui Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200333, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yijiao Fu
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Rongbin Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Dahong Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Mangal U, Lee SM, Lee S, Cha JY, Lee KJ, Yu HS, Jung H, Choi SH. Reorientation methodology for reproducible head posture in serial cone beam computed tomography images. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3220. [PMID: 36828940 PMCID: PMC9958024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Low dose and accessibility have increased the application of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Often serial images are captured for patients to diagnose and plan treatment in the craniofacial region. However, CBCT images are highly variable and lack harmonious reproduction, especially in the head's orientation. Though user-defined orientation methods have been suggested, the reproducibility remains controversial. Here, we propose a landmark-free reorientation methodology based on principal component analysis (PCA) for harmonious orientation of serially captured CBCTs. We analyzed three serial CBCT scans collected for 29 individuals who underwent orthognathic surgery. We first defined a region of interest with the proposed protocol by combining 2D rendering and 3D convex hull method, and identified an intermediary arrangement point. PCA identified the y-axis (anterioposterior) followed by the secondary x-axis (transverse). Finally, by defining the perpendicular z-axis, a new global orientation was assigned. The goodness of alignment (Hausdorff distance) showed a marked improvement (> 50%). Furthermore, we clustered cases based on clinical asymmetry and validated that the protocol was unaffected by the severity of the skeletal deformity. Therefore, it could be suggested that integrating the proposed algorithm as the preliminary step in CBCT evaluation will address a fundamental step towards harmonizing the craniofacial imaging records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Mangal
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | | | - Seeyoon Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Kee-Joon Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Hyung-Seog Yu
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | | | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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CASAGRANDE CPM, CASAGRANDE MVS, TEIXEIRA AODB, ALENCAR DS, DIAS BSDB, ALMEIDA RCC, QUINTÃO CA, CARVALHO FAR. Cartesian three-dimensional method to quantify displacements between cone beam computed tomography models. Dental Press J Orthod 2023; 27:e222199. [PMID: 36629628 PMCID: PMC9829105 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.5.e222199.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research in Orthodontics and Oral Surgery has been relying on three-dimensional (3D) models to evaluate treatment results with displacement color map techniques, even though it has important limitations. OBJECTIVES This study proposed a method of tracking translational movements of 3D objects to evaluate displacements in surfaces with no shape modification. METHODS Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data of ten patients were imported to the Dolphin software. A hypothetical virtual surgical plan (randomly defined) was developed in the software and afterwards verified using the proposed method. All the procedures were carried out by two evaluators, in two different time-points, with a 15-day interval. ITK-Snap software was used to generate high quality STL models. Centroid points were automatically generated and their coordinates were compared to confirm if they represented the known displacements simulated. The paired t-test and the Bland-Altman plots were used, as well as the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS Interexaminers and intra-examiner tests showed excellent reliability of the method, with mean displacement measurement error values under 0.1mm. The paired t-test did not show any statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION The method showed excellent reliability to track the simulated translational displacements of bone segments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Silveira ALENCAR
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil).
| | | | | | - Cátia Abdo QUINTÃO
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Odontologia (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil).
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Hsung TC, Yeung WK, Choi WS, Luk WK, Cheng YY, Lam YH. Recording Natural Head Position Using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248189. [PMID: 34960281 PMCID: PMC8709343 DOI: 10.3390/s21248189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to record the natural head position (NHP) of a subject using the scout images of cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans. The first step was to align a hanging mirror with the vertical (XY) plane of the CBCT field-of-view (FOV) volume. Then, two scout CBCT images, at frontal and at sagittal planes, were taken when the subject exhibited a NHP. A normal CBCT scan on the subject was then taken separately. These scout images were used to correct the orientation of the normal CBCT scan. A phantom head was used for validation and performance analysis of the proposed method. It was found that the orientation detection error was within 0.88°. This enables easy and economic NHP recording for CBCT without additional hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chiu Hsung
- Department of Computer Science, Chu Hai College of Higher Education, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (W.-K.Y.); (W.-S.C.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2972-7250
| | - Wai-Kan Yeung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (W.-K.Y.); (W.-S.C.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Wing-Shan Choi
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (W.-K.Y.); (W.-S.C.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Wai-Kuen Luk
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (W.-K.Y.); (W.-S.C.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yi-Yung Cheng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (W.-K.Y.); (W.-S.C.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Hang Lam
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (W.-K.Y.); (W.-S.C.); (W.-K.L.); (Y.-Y.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
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dos Santos TI, Freire RC, Silva ALFD, Naclério-Homem MDG, Cortes ARG, Sverzut CE, Han MD, Miloro M, Borba AM. Reproducibility of a three-dimensional skeletal-based craniofacial orientation method for virtual surgical planning. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 60:823-829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee SJ, Yoo JY, Woo SY, Yang HJ, Kim JE, Huh KH, Lee SS, Heo MS, Hwang SJ, Yi WJ. A Complete Digital Workflow for Planning, Simulation, and Evaluation in Orthognathic Surgery. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10174000. [PMID: 34501449 PMCID: PMC8432567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10174000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a complete digital workflow for planning, simulation, and evaluation for orthognathic surgery based on 3D digital natural head position reproduction, a cloud-based collaboration platform, and 3D landmark-based evaluation. We included 24 patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Surgeons and engineers could share the massive image data immediately and conveniently and collaborate closely in surgical planning and simulation using a cloud-based platform. The digital surgical splint could be optimized for a specific patient before or after the physical fabrication of 3D printing splints through close collaboration. The surgical accuracy was evaluated comprehensively via the translational (linear) and rotational (angular) discrepancies between identical 3D landmarks on the simulation and postoperative computed tomography (CT) models. The means of the absolute linear discrepancy at eight tooth landmarks were 0.61 ± 0.55, 0.86 ± 0.68, and 1.00 ± 0.79 mm in left–right, advance–setback, and impaction–elongation directions, respectively, and 1.67 mm in the root mean square direction. The linear discrepancy in the left–right direction was significantly different from the other two directions as shown by analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The means of the absolute angular discrepancies were 1.43 ± 1.06°, 0.50 ± 0.31°, and 0.58 ± 0.41° in the pitch, roll, and yaw orientations, respectively. The angular discrepancy in the pitch orientation was significantly different from the other two orientations (ANOVA, p < 0.05). The complete digital workflow that we developed for orthognathic patients provides efficient and streamlined procedures for orthognathic surgery and shows high surgical accuracy with efficient image data sharing and close collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jeong Lee
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Ji-Yong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Sang-Yoon Woo
- Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Hoon Joo Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.Y.); (W.-J.Y.)
| | - Jo-eun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hoe Huh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (S.-S.L.); (M.-S.H.)
| | - Sam-Sun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (S.-S.L.); (M.-S.H.)
| | - Min-Suk Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (S.-S.L.); (M.-S.H.)
| | - Soon Jung Hwang
- Hwang Soon Jung’s Dental Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul 06626, Korea;
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-H.H.); (S.-S.L.); (M.-S.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.Y.); (W.-J.Y.)
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Different Modalities to Record and Transfer Natural Head Position to Virtual Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: Case Reports of Asymmetric Patients. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2021; 20:443-454. [PMID: 34408372 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-020-01376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To describe different modalities to record and transfer natural head position (NHP) to 3D facial imaging by using the virtual surgical planning software in three facial asymmetry patients. Case Reports Three patients with facial asymmetries (A, B, and C) were evaluated by means of dental and facial analysis, photographs, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digitized dental arches. Before starting the VSP workflow with Dolphin Imaging, NHP was recorded by three modalities and transferred to three-dimensional (3D) facial images as follows: (a) facial photographs taken with digital camera and the estimated NHP was transferred to 3D images by comparing lines and planes from both images; (b) cross-line level laser was used to place radiopaque markers on the face skin for recording the estimated NHP, which was transferred to 3D images by alignment of planes and markers in the software; and (c) photographs of the face were processed to generate facial surface mesh by using the Agisoft PhotoScan software, which maintained the same position of the estimated NHP in 3D for aligning the images of the soft tissue with the facial surface mesh by using superimposition. All the three patients underwent bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery. Conclusion There are different modalities using simple and available technologies in the clinical routine, but whose reproducibility, reliability and validation could not be assessed nor compared to each other. There was no trend for better predictability, feasibility and efficiency because the postoperative outcomes were adequate regarding the patients' satisfaction and facial symmetry.
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Jakobsone G, Vuollo V, Pirttiniemi P. Reproducibility of Natural Head Position assessed with stereophotogrammetry. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 23:66-71. [PMID: 31514260 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the stability of Natural Head Position (NHP) over time using the 3dMDface System. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION This was an experimental study. Three-dimensional facial images of 40 students were captured on two different occasions, with an interval of at least two weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS The images were taken using a stereophotogrammetric device (3dMD). The mirror positioned NHP was obtained in a standing position and then replicated in a sitting position for capturing. The self-balanced NHP was taken in a sitting position. Rapidform 3D software was used for position angle calculations. The angle changes between the positions were calculated for rotations around the x-, y- and z-axes. RESULTS The differences between NHP in the self-balanced and mirror positions recorded on the first and second occasions were 2.43 and 1.75 degrees, respectively, around the x-axis. The average changes in NHP around the x-axis between the self-balanced and mirror balanced positions exceeded 3 degrees at the two-week interval. The differences were smaller for the rotations around the y- and z-axes. Some subjects consistently tended to hold their heads in a more extended position when self-balanced, while others did this when mirror balanced. There was no difference in the reproducibility of NHP between men and women. CONCLUSION The reproducibility of NHP for consecutive stereophotogrammetric captures is generally acceptable. The reproducibility of NHP using the mirror position was slightly better compared with NHP in the sitting self-balanced position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Zaragoza-Siqueiros J, Medellin-Castillo HI, de la Garza-Camargo H, Lim T, Ritchie JM. An integrated haptic-enabled virtual reality system for orthognathic surgery planning. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 22:499-517. [PMID: 30714408 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1566817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Conventional Orthognathic surgery (OGS) planning involves cephalometric analyses and dental casts to be mounted on an articulator. Dental segments are subsequently identified, cut and repositioned to allow the fabrication of intraoral wafers that guide the positioning of the osteotomy bone segments. This conventional planning introduces many inaccuracies that affect the post-surgery outcomes. Although computer technologies have advanced computational tools for OGS planning, they have failed in providing a practical solution. Many focuses only on some specific stages of the planning process, and their ability to transfer preoperative planning data to the operating room is limited. This paper proposes a new integrated haptic-enabled virtual reality (VR) system for OGS planning. The system incorporates CAD tools and haptics to facilitate a complete planning process and is able to automatically generate preoperative plans. A clinical pre-diagnosis is also provided automatically by the system based on the patient's digital data. A functional evaluation based on a real patient case study demonstrates that the proposed virtual OGS planning method is feasible and more effective than the traditional approach at increasing the intuitiveness and reducing errors and planning times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Theodore Lim
- c Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Riccarton , Edinburgh , UK
| | - James M Ritchie
- c Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot-Watt University , Riccarton , Edinburgh , UK
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Yang HJ, Han JJ, Hwang SJ. Accuracy of 3D reproduction of natural head position using three different manual reorientation methods compared to 3D software. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:1625-1630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Rhee SC. A Simple Method for International Standardization of Photographic Documentation for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2017; 41:461-465. [PMID: 28160054 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-017-0788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of internationally standardized, objective, and scientific photographic standardization methods, differences in photographic documents have gravely affected the truth of surgical outcomes by visual misperception or illusion, thus hindering the development of plastic surgery clinically and scholastically. Here I suggest a simple method for standardization of facial photographs. The method consists of an imaginary transverse line (tentatively the "PSA line") rather than the Frankfort horizontal plane and uses a white background with black grids and standard RGB with CMYK circles. This simplified method of photographic standardization would help our professional society to make international standards on facial photographic documentation to maintain scholastic ethics, conscience, and morals. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors. www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chul Rhee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of School of Medicine, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang City, Kyounggi-Do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Leung MY, Lo J, Leung YY. Accuracy of Different Modalities to Record Natural Head Position in 3 Dimensions: A Systematic Review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 74:2261-2284. [PMID: 27235181 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three-dimensional (3D) images are taken with positioning devices to ensure a patient's stability, which, however, place the patient's head into a random orientation. Reorientation of images to the natural head position (NHP) is necessary for appropriate assessment of dentofacial deformities before any surgical planning. The aim of this study was to review the literature systematically to identify and evaluate the various modalities available to record the NHP in 3 dimensions and to compare their accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases, with no limitations on publication time or language, was performed in July 2015. The search and evaluations of articles were performed in 4 rounds. The methodologies, accuracies, advantages, and limitations of various modalities to record NHP were examined. RESULTS Eight articles were included in the final review. Six modalities to record NHP were identified, namely 1) stereophotogrammetry, 2) facial markings along laser lines, 3) clinical photographs and the pose from orthography and scaling with iterations (POSIT) algorithm, 4) digital orientation sensing, 5) handheld 3D camera measuring system, and 6) laser scanning. Digital orientation sensing had good accuracy, with mean angular differences from the reference within 1° (0.07 ± 0.49° and 0.12 ± 0.54°, respectively). Laser scanning was shown to be comparable to digital orientation sensing. The method involving clinical photographs and the POSIT algorithm was reported to have good accuracy, with mean angular differences for pitch, roll, and yaw within 1° (-0.17 ± 0.50°). Stereophotogrammetry was reported to have the highest reliability, with mean angular deviations in pitch, roll, and yaw for active and passive stereophotogrammetric devices within 0.1° (0.004771 ± 0.045645° and 0.007572 ± 0.079088°, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review showed that recording the NHP in 3 dimensions with a digital orientation sensor has good accuracy. Laser scanning was found to have comparable accuracy to digital orientation sensing, but routine clinical use was limited by its high cost and low portability. Stereophotogrammetry and the method using a single clinical photograph and the POSIT algorithm were potential alternatives. Nevertheless, clinical trials are needed to verify their applications in patients. Preferably, digital orientation sensor should be used as a reference for comparison with new proposed methods of recording the NHP in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yin Leung
- Resident, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Lo
- Honorary Associate Professor, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiu Yan Leung
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Repositioning of the Maxillomandibular Complex Using Maxillary Template Adjusted Only by Maxillary Surface Configuration Without an Intermediate Splint in Orthognathic Surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:1550-3. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Cassi D, De Biase C, Tonni I, Gandolfini M, Di Blasio A, Piancino MG. Natural position of the head: review of two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods of recording. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:233-40. [PMID: 26896079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both the correct position of the patient's head and a standard system for the acquisition of images are essential for objective evaluation of the facial profile and the skull, and for longitudinal superimposition. The natural position of the head was introduced into orthodontics in the late 1950s, and is used as a postural basis for craniocervical and craniofacial morphological analysis. It can also have a role in the planning of the surgical correction of craniomaxillofacial deformities. The relatively recent transition in orthodontics from 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional imaging, and from analogue to digital technology, has renewed attention in finding a versatile method for the establishment of an accurate and reliable head position during the acquisition of serial records. In this review we discuss definition, clinical applications, and procedures to establish the natural head position and their reproducibility. We also consider methods to reproduce and record the position in two and three planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cassi
- Doctoral School in Life and Health Science - PhD Program in Experimental Medicine and Therapy - CIR Dental School - University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Biotechnological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences - Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria - Section of Orthodontics - University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Orthodontics and Gnatology - Masticatory Function - Department of Surgical Sciences - University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - C De Biase
- Doctoral School in Life and Health Science - PhD Program in Experimental Medicine and Therapy - CIR Dental School - University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Orthodontics and Gnatology - Masticatory Function - Department of Surgical Sciences - University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - I Tonni
- Orthodontic Division, Dental School, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Gandolfini
- Department of Biotechnological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences - Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria - Section of Orthodontics - University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Di Blasio
- Department of Biotechnological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences - Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria - Section of Orthodontics - University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M G Piancino
- Doctoral School in Life and Health Science - PhD Program in Experimental Medicine and Therapy - CIR Dental School - University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Orthodontics and Gnatology - Masticatory Function - Department of Surgical Sciences - University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Recording and Transferring Head Positions to the Virtual Head Using a Multicamera System and Laser Level. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 73:2039.e1-2039.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.06.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reproducibility of natural head position in normal Chinese people. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 148:503-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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