1
|
Tournassat C, Steefel CI, Fox PM, Tinnacher RM. Resolving experimental biases in the interpretation of diffusion experiments with a user-friendly numerical reactive transport approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15029. [PMID: 37700033 PMCID: PMC10497684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive transport code CrunchClay was used to derive effective diffusion coefficients (De), clay porosities (ε), and adsorption distribution coefficients (KD) from through-diffusion data while considering accurately the influence of unavoidable experimental biases on the estimation of these diffusion parameters. These effects include the presence of filters holding the solid sample in place, the variations in concentration gradients across the diffusion cell due to sampling events, the impact of tubing/dead volumes on the estimation of diffusive fluxes and sample porosity, and the effects of O-ring-filter setups on the delivery of solutions to the clay packing. Doing so, the direct modeling of the measurements of (radio)tracer concentrations in reservoirs is more accurate than that of data converted directly into diffusive fluxes. While the above-mentioned effects have already been described individually in the literature, a consistent modeling approach addressing all these issues at the same time has never been described nor made easily available to the community. A graphical user interface, CrunchEase, was created, which supports the user by automating the creation of input files, the running of simulations, and the extraction and comparison of data and simulation results. While a classical model considering an effective diffusion coefficient, a porosity and a solid/solution distribution coefficient (De-ε-KD) may be implemented in any reactive transport code, the development of CrunchEase makes it easy to apply by experimentalists without a background in reactive transport modeling. CrunchEase makes it also possible to transition more easily from a De-ε-KD modeling approach to a state-of-the-art process-based understanding modeling approach using the full capabilities of CrunchClay, which include surface complexation modeling and a multi-porosity description of the clay packing with charged diffuse layers.
Collapse
Grants
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Geoscience program at LBNL under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under Contract No. ANR-18-CE05-0035-01 and 10-LABX-0100 EC Horizon 2020 project EURAD under Grant Agreement 847593
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Geoscience program at LBNL under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231
- U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 under the auspices of the Spent Fuel and Waster Disposition program (Office of Nuclear Energy) and the Geosciences program (Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences)
- DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs (NEUP, Federal grants DE-NE0008683 and DE-NE0008938)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tournassat
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, Université d'Orléans-CNRS-BRGM, Orléans, France.
| | - Carl I Steefel
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patricia M Fox
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ruth M Tinnacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Savoye S, Ferrage E, Hubert F, Lefevre S, Radwan J, Robinet JC, Tertre E, Gouze P. Water and ion diffusion in partially-water saturated compacted kaolinite: Role played by vapor-phase diffusion in water mobility. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 248:103989. [PMID: 35306324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion is the main transport process of water and solutes in clay-rich porous media owing to their very low permeability, so they are widely used as barriers against contaminant spreading. However, the prediction of contaminant mobility can be very complicated when these media are partially water-saturated. We conducted diffusion experiments for water (HTO and HDO) and ions (22Na+ and 125I-) through partially water saturated compacted kaolinite, a weakly charged clay material, to quantify the distinct diffusive behavior of these species. The osmosis method was used to set kaolinite samples at 67, 86 and 100% saturation. The results showed that desaturation led to a sharp decrease in diffusive rates by factors of 6.5, 18 and 35 for HTO, 125I- and 22Na+, respectively, from 100 to 67% of the degree of saturation. Thus, to interpret water diffusivities, we proposed a model taking into account the diffusion of water in both gas and liquid phases, using diffusion data obtained for ions, considered as inert species. This model was capable of properly predicting water diffusive flux, especially at a low degree of saturation (67% saturation), for which the assumption made for the occurrence of air phase continuity throughout the sample appears to be more relevant than at 86% saturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides, 91191 Gif-sur Yvette, France; Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS-INSU - Montpellier University, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S Savoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides, 91191 Gif-sur Yvette, France.
| | - E Ferrage
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Equipe HydrASA, 5 rue Albert Turpain, Bât. B8, TSA - 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - F Hubert
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Equipe HydrASA, 5 rue Albert Turpain, Bât. B8, TSA - 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - S Lefevre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides, 91191 Gif-sur Yvette, France
| | - J Radwan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides, 91191 Gif-sur Yvette, France
| | - J C Robinet
- R&D Division, Transfer Unit, Andra, 92298 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - E Tertre
- Université de Poitiers/CNRS, UMR 7285 IC2MP, Equipe HydrASA, 5 rue Albert Turpain, Bât. B8, TSA - 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - P Gouze
- Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS-INSU - Montpellier University, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu T, Geng Z, Feng Z, Pan G, Shen Q. Diffusion of Re(VII), Se(IV) and Cr(VI) in compacted GMZ bentonite. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Wang Z, Wu T, Ren P, Hua R, Wu H, Xu M, Tong Y. Through-diffusion study of Se(IV) in γ-irradiated bentonite and bentonite–magnetite. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
5
|
Dagnelie RVH, Rasamimanana S, Blin V, Radwan J, Thory E, Robinet JC, Lefèvre G. Diffusion of organic anions in clay-rich media: Retardation and effect of anion exclusion. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:472-480. [PMID: 30245224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The transport of emerging organic contaminants through the geosphere is often an environmental issue. The sorption of organic compounds slows their transport in soils and porous rocks and retardation is often assessed by extrapolation of batch experiments. However, transport experiments are preferable to strengthen migration data and modelling. In this context, we evaluated the adsorption of various organic acids by means of through-diffusion experiments in a sedimentary clay-rich rock (Callovo-Oxfordian, East of Paris Basin, France). A low diffusivity of organic anions was quantified with effective diffusion coefficients, De, ranged between 0.5 and 7 10-12 m2 s-1. These values indicated an organic anion exclusion. As for chloride, the porosity accessible to organic anions was lower than that of water: εa(organic anions) < ε(water). The partial exclusion of organic anions from rock porosity was linked to both charge and size effects. A significant retardation was observed for organic anions such as oxalate, citrate or α-isosaccharinate. Yet, retardation measured by diffusion experiments was significantly lower than expected from batch experiments on crushed samples. An empirical correction factor is proposed to account for a possible decrease of retardation with accessible porosity of diffusing solute. This feature has significant implications for the estimation of migration parameters of organic compounds in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R V H Dagnelie
- DEN-Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - S Rasamimanana
- DEN-Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - V Blin
- DEN-Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Radwan
- DEN-Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Thory
- DEN-Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides (SECR), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-C Robinet
- Andra, R&D Division, parc de la Croix Blanche, 92298, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - G Lefèvre
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Ge X, He J, Wang C, Qi L, Wang X, Liu C. Effects of Mineral Compositions on Matrix Diffusion and Sorption of 75Se(IV) in Granite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1320-1329. [PMID: 29287146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the migration behaviors of selenium in granite is critical for the safe disposal of radioactive waste. The matrix diffusion and sorption of 75Se(IV) (analogue for 79Se) in granite were systematically studied to set reliable parameters in this work. Through-diffusion and batch sorption experiments were conduct with four types of Beishan granite. The magnitudes of the obtained apparent diffusion coefficient (Da) values are of the following order: monzogranite > granodiorite-2 > granodiorite-1, which is opposite to the sequence of the Kd values obtained from both the diffusion model and batch sorption experiments. The EPMA results of the granitic flakes showed that there was no obvious enrichment of Se(IV) on quartz, microcline and albite. Only biotite showed a weak affinity for Se(IV). Macroscopic sorption behaviors of Se(IV) on the four types of granite were identical with the sequence of the granitic biotite contents. Quantitative fitting results were also provided. XPS and XANES spectroscopy data revealed that bidentate inner-sphere complexes were formed between Se(IV) and Fe(III). Our results indicate that biotite can be representative of the Se(IV) sorption in complex mineral assemblages such as granite, and the biotite contents are critically important to evaluate Se(IV) transport in granite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Fundamental Science Laboratory on Radiochemistry & Radiation Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiangkun Ge
- Analtical Laboratory, Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology , Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiangang He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Fundamental Science Laboratory on Radiochemistry & Radiation Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Fundamental Science Laboratory on Radiochemistry & Radiation Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, China
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center , Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Liye Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Fundamental Science Laboratory on Radiochemistry & Radiation Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Fundamental Science Laboratory on Radiochemistry & Radiation Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Fundamental Science Laboratory on Radiochemistry & Radiation Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patel MA, Kar AS, Garg D, Kumar S, Tomar BS, Bajpai RK. Sorption studies of radionuclides on argillaceous clays of Cuddapah System. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-017-5299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Bourg IC, Beckingham LE, DePaolo DJ. The Nanoscale Basis of CO2 Trapping for Geologic Storage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:10265-10284. [PMID: 26266820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is likely to be a critical technology to achieve large reductions in global carbon emissions over the next century. Research on the subsurface storage of CO2 is aimed at reducing uncertainties in the efficacy of CO2 storage in sedimentary rock formations. Three key parameters that have a nanoscale basis and that contribute uncertainty to predictions of CO2 trapping are the vertical permeability kv of seals, the residual CO2 saturation Sg,r in reservoir rocks, and the reactive surface area ar of silicate minerals. This review summarizes recent progress and identifies outstanding research needs in these areas. Available data suggest that the permeability of shale and mudstone seals is heavily dependent on clay fraction and can be extremely low even in the presence of fractures. Investigations of residual CO2 trapping indicate that CO2-induced alteration in the wettability of mineral surfaces may significantly influence Sg,r. Ultimately, the rate and extent of CO2 conversion to mineral phases are uncertain due to a poor understanding of the kinetics of slow reactions between minerals and fluids. Rapidly improving characterization techniques using X-rays and neutrons, and computing capability for simulating chemical interactions, provide promise for important advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Bourg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University , E-208 E-Quad, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lauren E Beckingham
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Donald J DePaolo
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Churakov SV. Mobility of Na and Cs on montmorillonite surface under partially saturated conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9816-9823. [PMID: 23909661 DOI: 10.1021/es401530n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cs migration in soils at contaminated sites or in clay-rich backfill of waste disposal sites can take place under partially saturated conditions. To understand the molecular mechanism of Cs migration in partially saturated clays, Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations were applied to model adsorption of water films onto external surfaces of Cs and Na montmorillonites as function of partial water pressure. The surface complexation and diffusivity of Cs and Na at different partial water pressure was obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest that ion mobility in adsorbed water films on external basal surfaces of clay is similar to that in the near-surface water of a saturated pore as far as the thickness of the adsorbed water film is more than two water layers. At lower partial water pressure (i.e., in thinner water films) the ion mobility dramatically decreases. In contrast, the average water mobility in thin water film is higher than in the water-saturated system due to enhanced mobility of water molecules close to vapor-film interface. The results of the simulations were applied to interpret recent laboratory measurements of tritiated water and Cs diffusivity in Callovo-Oxfordian Claystones under partially saturated conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Churakov
- Laboratory for Waste Management, Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Savoye S, Frasca B, Grenut B, Fayette A. How mobile is iodide in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystones under experimental conditions close to the in situ ones? JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2012; 142-143:82-92. [PMID: 23143184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The iodide behaviour towards the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone was studied using batch and diffusion experiments under conditions which limited the artefacts cited in the literature to be responsible for the iodide uptake (i.e. the experiments were carried out under anoxic conditions with N(2)/CO(2) atmosphere with a monitoring of the iodine redox-state). The results show that all the radioactive iodine was (125)I(-), with no measurable activity for (125)IO(3)(-), which is known to have a higher affinity for the rock than iodide. Moreover, the batch experiments revealed no sorption, independently of the initial iodide concentration (from 10(-6) to 10(-3) mol L(-1)) and the contact time (up to 106 days). Conversely, the diffusion experiments indicated a weak but measurable retention. The through-diffusion experiments led to distribution ratio values only significant (R(D)~0.05 mL g(-1)) for initial iodide concentration ≤ 10(-4) mol L(-1). Higher R(D) values were estimated from out-diffusion experiments, ranging from about 0.05 mL g(-1) for an initial concentration of 10(-3) mol L(-1) to 0.14 mL g(-1) for the lowest one. A retention phenomenon that could be reversible and kinetically-controlled was proposed to explain the differences in the extent of the iodide retardation of the two types of diffusion experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Savoye
- CEA, DEN/DANS/DPC/SECR/Laboratoire de Mesures et Modélisation de la Migration des Radionucléides, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Savoye S, Beaucaire C, Fayette A, Herbette M, Coelho D. Mobility of cesium through the Callovo-Oxfordian claystones under partially saturated conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:2633-2641. [PMID: 22316059 DOI: 10.1021/es2037433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion of cesium was studied in an unsaturated core of Callovo-Oxfordian claystone, which is a potential host rock for retrievable disposal of high-level radioactive wastes. In-diffusion laboratory experiments were performed on rock samples with water saturation degrees ranging from 81% to 100%. The analysis of both cesium concentration monitoring in the source reservoir and post-mortem cesium rock concentration profile of the samples was carried out using a chemical-transport code where the sorption of cesium was described by a multisite ion-exchange model. The results showed that cesium exhibited a clear trend related to the saturation degree of the sample. The more dehydrated the rock sample, the slower the decrease of cesium concentration, and the thinner the penetration depth of cesium was. The effective diffusion coefficient (De) for cesium decreased from 18.5 × 10(-11) m(2) s(-1) at full-saturation to 0.3 × 10(-11) m(2) s(-1) for the more dehydrated sample. This decrease is almost 1 order of magnitude higher than that for tritiated water (HTO), although a similar behavior could have been expected, since cesium is known to diffuse in the same parts of the pore space as HTO in fully saturated claystones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Savoye
- CEA, DEN/DANS/DPC , Laboratory of Radionuclides Migration Measurements and Modeling, bât 450, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|