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He B, Li M, Zhao X, Zou H, Xu B, He J. Comparative study of the quick action effect of multiple enzyme-based nano-emulsified oils in enhancing nitrate contamination remediation in groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119297. [PMID: 38824986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Emulsified vegetable oil (EVO), as a novel green slow-releasing substrate, has performed great potential in subsurface bioremediation due to its slow release and longevity. Nevertheless, the long time it takes to initiate this process still exposed some limitations. Herein, multiple enzyme-based EVOs (EN-EVOs) were developed to enhance the quick-acting effect in nitrate-contaminated bioremediation. This study demonstrated that EN-EVOs loaded with cellulose (c-EVO) and protein enzymes (p-EVO) performed best, not only did not change the advantages of traditional EVO, but also optimized the stability and particle size to the level of 0.8-0.9 and 247.95-252.25 nm, respectively. Nitrate (NO3-N) degradation further confirmed the superiority of c-EVO in rapidly initiating degradation and achieving stable denitrification. Compared with traditional EVO, the maximum start-up efficiency and the rapid achieving stable denitrification efficiency were improved by 37.6% and 1.71 times, respectively. In such situation, the corresponding NO3-N removal efficiency, kinetics rate constant (k1), and half-life period (t1/2) reached as high as 85.39%, as quick as 1.079 d-1, and as short as 0.64 d after 30-day cultivation. Meanwhile, the rapid conversion efficiency of NO2-N was observed (k2 = 0.083 d-1). High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the quick-acting process of NO3-N reduction coupled to c-EVO was mediated by microbial reducers (e.g., Ralstonia, Gulbenkiania, and Sphingobacterium) with regulations of narG, nirS and norB genes. Microorganisms with these genes could achieve quick-acting not only by enhancing microbial activity and the synthesis and metabolism of volatile fatty acids, but also by reducing the production and accumulation of loosely bound-extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS). These findings advance our understanding on fast-acting of NO3-N degradation supported by c-EVO and also offer a promising direction for groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baonan He
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Meiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xiejie Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Baoshi Xu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiangtao He
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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2
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Li B, Tang M, Wang P, Liu S, Yao M, Dong J. A new method of alkalinity remediation for Cd-contaminated groundwater by PAAS-modified MgCO 3/Mg(OH) 2 colloid. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142200. [PMID: 38697565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mg(OH)2 dissolves slowly and can provide a long-term source of alkalinity, thus a promising alternative reagent for the in situ remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater. Unfortunately, it exhibits a relatively poor stabilization effect on heavy metal Cd due to the higher solubility of the resulting stabilized product, Cd(OH)2. To overcome this limitation, we investigated the use of MgCO3/Mg(OH)2 colloid modified by sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) to remove Cd from groundwater. Through ultrasonic dispersion, the molecular chains of PAAS are broken, causing a transformation from flocculation to surface modification, resulting in the production of a stable colloid. The colloidal particles of MgCO3/Mg(OH)2 have a smaller size and a negatively charged surface, which significantly enhances their migration ability in aquifers. The combination of MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2 provides a complementary effect, where MgCO3 effectively precipitates Cd in the aquifer while Mg(OH)2 maintains the required pH level for stabilization. The optimal compounding ratio of MgCO3 to Mg(OH)2 for achieving the best stabilization effect on Cd is found to be 1:1. Column experiments demonstrate that the injection of MgCO3/Mg(OH)2 colloid substantially enhances Cd stability, reducing the exchangeable fraction of Cd in aquifer media from 88.61% to a range of 22.50-34.38%. Based on these results, the MgCO3/Mg(OH)2 colloid shows great potential as a reactive medium for remediating Cd-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059. China.
| | - Meiling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059. China
| | - Shibin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059. China
| | - Meng Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
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3
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Wang M, Han Q, Zhang M, Liu X, Liu B, Wang Z. Efficient remediation of mercury-contaminated groundwater using MoS 2 nanosheets in an in situ reactive zone. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 264:104347. [PMID: 38657473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Mercury contamination in groundwater is a serious global environmental issue that poses threats to human and environmental health. While MoS2 nanosheets have been proven promising in removing Hg from groundwater, an effective tool for in situ groundwater remediation is still needed. In this study, we investigated the transport and retention behavior of MoS2 nanosheets in sand column, and employed the formed MoS2in situ reactive zone (IRZ) for the remediation of Hg-contaminated groundwater. Breakthrough test revealed that high flow velocity and MoS2 initial concentration promoted the transport of MoS2 in sand column, while the addition of Ca ions increased the retention of MoS2. In Hg removal experiments, the groundwater flow velocity did not influence the Hg removal capacity due to the fast reaction rate between MoS2 and Hg. With an optimized MoS2 loading, MoS2IRZ effectively reduced the Hg effluent concentration down to <1 μg/L without apparent Hg remobilization. Additionally, flake-like MoS2 employed in this study showed much better Hg removal performance than flower-like and bulk MoS2, as well as other reported materials, with the Hg removal capacity a few to tens of times higher than those materials. These results suggest that MoS2 nanosheets have the potential to be an efficient IRZ reactive material for in situ remediation of Hg in contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qi Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xun Liu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Bei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Zhongying Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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4
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Tang J, Liu P, Shang J, Fei Y. Application of CO 2-loaded geopolymer in Zn removal from water: A multi-win strategy for coal fly ash disposal, CO 2 emission reduction, and heavy metal-contaminated water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117012. [PMID: 37659635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash accumulation, global warming, and heavy metal-contaminated water environments are three primary environmental concerns. Porous geopolymers are economical porous adsorbents that can be produced using coal fly ash as a raw material and employed for heavy metal removal from water. However, residual alkalis on the geopolymer can lead to extreme increases in pH and cause environmental stresses, which limits the large-scale production and application of geopolymers in industries and environments. A green approach to alleviating the high basicity of geopolymers through CO2 exposure is proposed, with CO2 adsorption experiments as well as Zn removal batch and column experiments conducted to evaluate the practicality of the synergistic strategy. CO2 adsorption experiments show the CO2 capture capacity of fresh geopolymer (F@PG) is 0.80 mmol g-1, greater than that of the conventionally washed geopolymer (W@PG, 0.26 mmol g-1), with the pH of the geopolymer decreasing after both washing and CO2 exposure. Batch experiments suggest neither washing nor CO2 exposure cause a significant change in the Zn adsorption capacity of the geopolymer; column experiments show the CO2-exposed geopolymer (C@PG) has a pH < 9.5 and a satisfactory Zn removal performance similar to W@PG, but F@PG with a pH ∼12 results in a conversion of Zn to anionic forms and a decrease in Zn removal efficiency. These results indicate CO2 exposure is a practical method to decrease the pH of geopolymers for applications related to heavy metal-contaminated water treatment and provide a large-scale industrial option for coal fly ash consumption and CO2 emission reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Tang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental, Aquatic Science, PR China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Yingxiang Fei
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Zhao B, Peng T, Hou R, Huang Y, Zong W, Jin Y, O'Connor D, Sahu SK, Zhang H. Manganese stabilization in mine tailings by MgO-loaded rice husk biochar: Performance and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136292. [PMID: 36064023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leachable metal in abandoned mine tailings may be toxic to vegetation, affecting effective ecological restoration. In this study, MRB was synthesized through MgCl2·6H2O wet impregnation followed by duplicate slow pyrolysis. Manganese tailings were mixed with MRB, rice husk biochar (RB), and MgO at a dosage of 0-5%, followed by 90-day incubation. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and sequential leaching were used to analyze the leachability and species of Mn in tailings, while a stabilization mechanism was proposed with the support of the characterization of the tailings before and after amendment. Results suggested MRB addition significantly decreased leachable Mn by 63.8%, reducing from 59.88 mg/L to 21.68 mg/L, while only a 14.39% reduction was achieved by rice husk biochar (RB). The sharp decline of leachable Mn after 90-day mixing was contributed by the transformation from labile to stable fractions. A microporous biochar matrix along with the uniform dispersion of MgO active component were both responsible for the better Mn stabilization. Only less than 10% of the variation in substrate pH was observed with the increase of MgO loading or incubation time. Linear correlation analyses indicated substrate pH's strongl negative relationship with leachable Mn and moderately positive relationship with residual fraction. Characterization results revealed that MRB exhibited different stabilization mechanisms in mine tailings, where Mn was likely to be stabilized by direct interaction with active MgO or indirect alkaline precipitation to form stable MgMn2O4, Mn(CH3COO)2, and MnO(OH)2. This work validated the promoting potential of recycling agricultural biomass waste for the amendment of manganese mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Tianyue Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resoures, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510075, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development, Guangzhou, 510075, PR China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Wenjing Zong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - David O'Connor
- School of Real Estate and Land Management, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, GL7 1RS, United Kingdom
| | - Shovan Kumar Sahu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, PR China.
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Wang P, Kong X, Ma L, Wang S, Zhang W, Song L, Li H, Wang Y, Han Z. Metal(loid)s removal by zeolite-supported iron particles from mine contaminated groundwater: Performance and mechanistic insights. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120155. [PMID: 36130632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron-based materials have been widely investigated because of their high surface reactivity, which has shown potential for the remediation of metal(loid)s in groundwater. However, the disadvantages of structural stability and economic feasibility always limit their application in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. In this study, zeolite-supported iron particles (Zeo-Fe) were synthesized by an innovative low-cost physical preparation method that is suitable for mass production. The removal efficiency and mechanism of typical metal(loid)s (Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+ and As3+) were subsequently investigated using various kinetic and equilibrium models and characterization methods. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that zero valent iron (Fe0) and oxidation product (Fe3O4) were successfully loaded and efficiently dispersed on zeolite. The synthesized Zeo-Fe exhibited excellent adsorption and redox capacities for the cations Pb2+, Cd2+ and anions Cr6+, As3+. The increase in the pH resulting from Fe0 corrosion also enhanced the precipitation of Fe-metal(loid)s. The maximum removal capacity for Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr6+ and As3+ was up to 70.00, 9.12, 2.35 and 0.36 mg/g, respectively. The removal processes were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for Pb2+ and Cd2+, Lagergren pseudo first-order kinetics model for As3+ and double phase first order kinetics model l for Cr6+. Cr6+ was rapidly reduced to Cr3+ by the Fe0 stabilized on Zeo-Fe, and the oxidation of As3+ to As5+ was attributed to the Fe0/Fe2+ oxidation process at the interface over time, which was further demonstrated by the mineral phase and element valence analyses of reacted Zeo-Fe. The removal mechanism for metal(loid)s was a combination of physical and chemical processes, including adsorption, co-precipitation and reduction-oxidation. Conclusively, Zeo-Fe has been shown to have potential as an effective and economical material for removing various metal(loid)s used in PRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Xiangke Kong
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Lisha Ma
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Le Song
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China.
| | - Zhantao Han
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Tu Y, Zhao D, Gong Y, Li Z, Deng H, Liu X. Field demonstration of on-site immobilization of arsenic and lead in soil using a ternary amending agent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127791. [PMID: 34801299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals and metalloids has been a major environmental challenge. While various remediation technologies have been reported, field data on the remediation effectiveness have been limited. We tested a new remediation technology for on-site immobilization of As(III) and Pb(II) in a contaminated soil at an abandoned chemical plant site. A novel ternary amending agent consisting of Fe2O3, MnO2, and Mg(OH)2 (molar ratio = 1.0:5.5:5.5) was used to amend the soil on-site. Field monitoring data indicated that the amendment severed as a pH buffer and a long-term sequester for both As and Pb in the soil. At a dosage of 3 wt%, the acid-leachable As and Pb were lowered from 0.042-0.077 mg/L and 0.013-0.022 mg/L to 0.0062-0.0093 mg/L and 0.0030-0.0080 mg/L, respectively, after one day of the amendment, and to 0.0020-0.0050 mg/L and 0.0020-0.0054 mg/L after 240 days of aging. As(III) was oxidized to As(V) and subsequently immobilized via complexation and precipitation, whereas Pb(II) was sequestered via electrostatic attraction and chemical precipitation. The treatment cost was estimated at $31.5/m3. The results indicate that complex contaminants in soil can be effectively immobilized using combined amending agents that can interact with the target chemicals and induce synergistic immobilization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Tu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849, USA.
| | - Yanyan Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Zhiliang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueming Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Li Z, Gong Y, Zhao D, Dang Z, Lin Z. Evaluation of three common alkaline agents for immobilization of multi-metals in a field-contaminated acidic soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60765-60777. [PMID: 34165755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated three common alkaline agents (NaOH, CaO, and Mg(OH)2) for immobilization of four heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) in a field-contaminated soil and elucidated the underpinning principles. NaOH caused the highest pH spike in the soil, while CaO and Mg(OH)2 served as a longer-lasting source of OH-. Amending the soil with CaO or Mg(OH)2 at ≥0.1 mol as OH- (kg·soil)-1 for 24 h was able to immobilize all four metals, while NaOH failed. NaOH leached up to 3 times more organic carbon than CaO and Mg(OH)2, resulting in elevated leachability of the metals. Column elution tests showed that amendments by CaO and Mg(OH)2 lowered the leachable Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ by 52-54%, 71-75%, 69-73%, and 68%, respectively, after 1440 pore volumes of elution. Sequential extraction revealed that the soil amendments converted the exchangeable fraction of the metals to the much less available forms. XRD and FTIR analyses indicated that formation of metal oxide precipitates and complexation with soil organic matter were responsible for the metals immobilization. Taken together the chemical cost, technical effectiveness, and environmental impact, CaO is the most suitable alkaline agent for remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yanyan Gong
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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9
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Bhatt P, Chattopadhyay S, Misra KP, Madan D, Halder N. Effect of temporal pH variation of the reaction mixture on Mg(OH)2 morphology precipitated from an aqueous Mg(NO3)2-NaOH system. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Barakan S, Aghazadeh V. The advantages of clay mineral modification methods for enhancing adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2572-2599. [PMID: 33113058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the recent trends in the research over the last 30 years to use clay minerals in natural and modified forms for removing different toxic organic/inorganic pollutants. The natural and modified forms of clay minerals have an exceptional ability to remove different contaminants. However, the modification methods can improve the clay mineral adsorption properties that consequently increase more adsorption sites and functional groups to adsorb different environmental pollutants. This review shows the importance of modification methods and more extension of novel clay preparation based on nanotechnology which could raise the control of pollution. The syntheses of functionalized clays such as pillared clays and porous clay heterostructures introduce the new class of heterostructure materials with high adsorption capacity, capability, and selectivity. Due to the acceptable properties of heterostructure materials including high specific surface area, thermal and mechanical stability, and the existence of multifunctional groups to selective adsorption, this review collects more literature of research related to environmental protection issues. However, it is expected much attention to get a better understanding of the adsorption mechanism, regeneration, and recovery process of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Barakan
- Department of Mineral Processing, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Valeh Aghazadeh
- Department of Mineral Processing, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Qin C, Yuan X, Xiong T, Tan YZ, Wang H. Physicochemical properties, metal availability and bacterial community structure in heavy metal-polluted soil remediated by montmorillonite-based amendments. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:128010. [PMID: 33113657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clay materials are commonly used in remediation techniques for heavy metal contaminated soil. In this study, a magnesium (Mg(OH)2/MgO)-montmorillonite was proposed to be utilized for heavy metals immobilization in contaminated soil, with the remediation efficiency evaluated through the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the community bureau of reference sequential extraction procedure (BCR). The addition of magnesium-montmorillonite resulted in lower TCLP extractability for the heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) in soil as it promoted their conversion from acid soluble fraction to residual fraction. Meanwhile, MM raised the soil pH and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). It was demonstrated that the immobilization of heavy metal in the presence of magnesium-montmorillonite was primarily induced by electrostatic attraction, precipitation and chelation with water-soluble organic carbon. Interestingly, a decreased bacterial community diversity was observed in soil treated by magnesium-montmorillonite (MM). The presence of pure magnesium-montmorillonite promoted the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes but reduced that of Bacteroides and Acidobacteria. Our results suggest that integrating the biochar into montmorillonite-based amendments can alleviate the damage to soil microorganisms by weakening the negative correlation between the two factors (content clay and WSOC in soil) and soil bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencheng Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Ting Xiong
- Institute of Big Data and Internet Innovation, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Yong Zen Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Hou Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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12
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Li B, Pu S, Mandal S, Li M. Viscosity modification enhanced the migration and distribution of colloidal Mg(OH) 2 in aquifers contaminated by heavy metals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105658. [PMID: 32203808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mg(OH)2 is extensively considered as an potential material for groundwater remediation because its injection could provide a long-term pH buffering system. In this study, colloidal Mg(OH)2 was regarded as an alternative reagent for the in-situ remediation of heavy metal polluted groundwater. However, experiments demonstrated that the transport performance of colloidal Mg(OH)2 in groundwater was depressed by the contamination of heavy metals and its stabilization performance for heavy metals was deteriorated. To solve these difficulties, the transport properties of colloidal Mg(OH)2 was enhanced by viscosity modification by adding xanthan gum (XG). Column tests were conducted to investigate the transport performance of colloidal Mg(OH)2 with and without viscosity modification, and to evaluate its stabilization effect for Pb and Cd polluted aquifer. Experimental results indicate that although the injection pressure increased during the migration of colloidal Mg(OH)2, the increased viscosity effectively could decrease the intensity of Brownian motion of Mg(OH)2 particles and reduce the collision efficiency between colloidal particles and aquifer media. Thus, deposition of Mg(OH)2 particles on aquifer media significantly reduced after viscosity modification, and its migration performance in groundwater was effectively enhanced. In contrast, the distribution of colloidal Mg(OH)2 was more uniform after viscosity modification, and immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated aquifer was noticeably improved, furthermore the exchangeable fraction of Pb and Cd is significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China; Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Sandip Mandal
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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13
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Meng K, Wu X, Zhang X, Su S, Huang Z, Min X, Liu Y, Fang M. Efficient Adsorption of the Cd(II) and As(V) Using Novel Adsorbent Ferrihydrite/Manganese Dioxide Composites. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18627-18636. [PMID: 31737822 PMCID: PMC6854822 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferrihydrite/manganese dioxide composites (FH-M) were synthesized from ferrihydrite (FH) and manganese compounds by ex situ synthesis and characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the present work. The influences of experimental parameters such as the solution pH value and initial concentration of adsorbate on the adsorption uptake of Cd(II)/As(V) was systematically investigated. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed by fitting quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic equations. The results showed that with increase in the pH value, the adsorption rate of Cd(II) is increased, while that of As(V) is increased first and then decreased. For the kinetic adsorption process, the adsorption performance of FH-M to As(V) was better than that to Cd(II). The quasi-second-order kinetic equation and Freundlich equation were more suitable to describe the adsorption of Cd(II)/As(V). The ligand exchange of Cd(II)/As(V) with the -OH in the composites was confirmed by analyzing the characterization results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The high adsorption ability of the FH-M makes it a potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal to Cd(II) and As(V) with a good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Meng
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and
Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of
Materials Science and Technology, China
University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and
Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of
Materials Science and Technology, China
University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and
Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of
Materials Science and Technology, China
University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiming Su
- Institute
of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese
Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and
Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of
Materials Science and Technology, China
University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Min
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and
Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of
Materials Science and Technology, China
University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan’gai Liu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and
Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of
Materials Science and Technology, China
University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Minghao Fang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and
Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of
Materials Science and Technology, China
University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Dong J, Yu D, Li Y, Li B, Bao Q. Transport and release of electron donors and alkalinity during reductive dechlorination by combined emulsified vegetable oil and colloidal Mg(OH) 2: Laboratory sand column and microcosm tests. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 225:103501. [PMID: 31150961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emulsified vegetable oil combined with colloidal Mg(OH)2 (EVO-CM) can slowly release electron donors and OH- into groundwater and is therefore regarded as a promising amendment for enhanced in situ treatment of chlorinated solvents, such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). However, its migration ability in different porous media and the simultaneous release of electron donor and pH buffer during enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) have never been evaluated in detail. In this study, EVO-CM with uniform drop size and desirable stability was prepared. Laboratory-scale column tests were conducted to investigate the transport and spatial distribution of the EVO-CM in different porous media. Batch microcosm experiments were carried out to study the dechlorination efficiency under different EVO:Mg(OH)2 ratios. Experimental results indicate that prepared EVO-CM emulsions can be transported effectively through different porous media with grain size ranging from 0.1-1.0 mm. The emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) and colloidal Mg(OH)2 showed synchronous movement through the porous media column systems, providing both electron donor and alkalinity at the same location. The retention degree of EVO-CM is greater in the finer grained media and decreases with increasing distance from the inlet. The injection of EVO-CM lead to a significant mobilization of TCE in the column. The reductive dechlorination of TCE in the microcosms was remarkably enhanced in the presence of EVO-CM. The coaddition of sufficient colloidal Mg(OH)2 effectively limits the deleterious pH decline caused by acid release. The microcosm achieves an optimum dechlorination efficiency when the EVO:Mg(OH)2 ratio is 1:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Dongxue Yu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Qiburi Bao
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
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15
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Dong J, Yu J, Bao Q. Simulated reactive zone with emulsified vegetable oil for the long-term remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifer: dynamic evolution of geological parameters and groundwater microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34392-34402. [PMID: 30306441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI), which is highly toxic and soluble, is one of the most challenging groundwater contaminants. Previous work has indicated that emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) is an effective in situ amendment for removing Cr(VI) from groundwater. However, the spatial and temporal changes in geological parameters and microbial community structures throughout the remediation period are poorly understood. In this study, a large laboratory-scale sand-packed chamber (reactive zone of 100 × 50 × 30 cm) was used to simulate the bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated aquifer by EVO over a 512-day period. Various geological parameters and microbial communities were monitored during both the establishment and remediation stages. The results indicate that several biogeochemical reactions occurred in a specific sequence following the injection of EVO, creating an acidic and reducing environment. A shift in the community structure and a decrease in the community diversity were observed. The abundance of microbes involved in the degradation of EVO and reduction of electron acceptors significantly increased. Then, the EVO reactive zone was flushed with Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater. Biogeochemical reactions were inhibited after the inflow of Cr(VI) and subsequently recovered a month later. The pH of the aquifer returned to the initial neutral condition (approximately 7.2). The EVO reactive zone could remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater at an efficiency exceeding 97% over 480 days. Biogeochemistry played a major role in the early period (0~75 days). In the later period (240~480 days), the remediation of Cr(VI) in the reactive zone depended mostly on bio-reduction by Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinqiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qiburi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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16
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Li B, Zhang C, Li Y, Wen C, Dong J, Yao M, Ren L. One-dimensional experimental investigation and simulation on the transport characteristics of heterogeneous colloidal Mg(OH) 2 in saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2018; 218:34-43. [PMID: 30361117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent laboratory studies have shown the injection of colloidal Mg(OH)2 could provide an effective and low cost alternative as a long term pH buffering system. In this study, Mg(OH)2 was modified by Tween 80 and SDS and the modified suspension had the properties of high stability, small particle size (the average particle diameter D50 was smaller than 1 μm) and negative charge (zeta potential = -14.26 mV at pH = 10.54). All of these properties demonstrated that colloidal Mg(OH)2 may have satisfactory transport performance in porous media. However, colloidal Mg(OH)2 is heterogeneous colloids with a high concentration, the transport performance in porous media is significantly different from homogeneous colloids, and the model simulation is relatively complex. To solve these problems, method of calculus combined with colloid filtration theory (CFT), T-E equation and modified Maxwell theory was used to simulate the transport performance of high concentration of Mg(OH)2 colloids. Results indicated that the observed experimental results matched well with the model simulations. Hydrodynamic force, DLVO attractive force and colloid diffusion are the major factors controlling the migration of colloidal Mg(OH)2 in porous media and could quantitatively describe the influence of injection velocity, porous media size and ionic strength on colloidal Mg(OH)2 transport properties by model calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chunyu Wen
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meng Yao
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liming Ren
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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17
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Metal Sequestration through Coupled Dissolution–Precipitation at the Brucite–Water Interface. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8080346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing release of potentially toxic metals from industrial processes can lead to highly elevated concentrations of these metals in soil, and ground- and surface-waters. Today, metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems and thus, the development of effective remediation strategies is of paramount importance. In this context, it is critical to understand how dissolved metals interact with mineral surfaces in soil–water environments. Here, we assessed the processes that govern the interactions between six common metals (Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pb) with natural brucite (Mg(OH)2) surfaces. Using atomic force microscopy and a flow-through cell, we followed the coupled process of brucite dissolution and subsequent nucleation and growth of various metal bearing precipitates at a nanometer scale. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy allowed for the identification of the precipitates as metal hydroxide phases. Our observations and thermodynamic calculations indicate that this coupled dissolution–precipitation process is governed by a fluid boundary layer at the brucite–water interface. Importantly, this layer differs in composition and pH from the bulk solution. These results contribute to an improved mechanistic understanding of sorption reactions at mineral surfaces that control the mobility and fate of toxic metals in the environment.
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18
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Study on the stability, transport behavior and OH− release properties of colloidal Mg(OH)2. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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