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Ramsay E, Lajunen T, Bhattacharya M, Reinisalo M, Rilla K, Kidron H, Terasaki T, Urtti A. Selective drug delivery to the retinal cells: Biological barriers and avenues. J Control Release 2023; 361:1-19. [PMID: 37481214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinal drug delivery is a challenging, but important task, because most retinal diseases are still without any proper therapy. Drug delivery to the retina is hampered by the anatomical and physiological barriers resulting in minimal bioavailability after topical ocular and systemic administrations. Intravitreal injections are current method-of-choice in retinal delivery, but these injections show short duration of action for small molecules and low target bioavailability for many protein, gene based drugs and nanomedicines. State-of-art delivery systems are based on prolonged retention, controlled drug release and physical features (e.g. size and charge). However, drug delivery to the retina is not cell-specific and these approaches do not facilitate intracellular delivery of modern biological drugs (e.g. intracellular proteins, RNA based medicines, gene editing). In this focused review we highlight biological factors and mechanisms that form the basis for the selective retinal drug delivery systems in the future. Therefore, we are presenting current knowledge related to retinal membrane transporters, receptors and targeting ligands in relation to nanomedicines, conjugates, extracellular vesicles, and melanin binding. These issues are discussed in the light of retinal structure and cell types as well as future prospects in the field. Unlike in some other fields of targeted drug delivery (e.g. cancer research), selective delivery technologies have been rarely studied, even though cell targeted delivery may be even more feasible after local administration into the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramsay
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Madhushree Bhattacharya
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Reinisalo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Mahaling B, Low SWY, Ch S, Addi UR, Ahmad B, Connor TB, Mohan RR, Biswas S, Chaurasia SS. Next-Generation Nanomedicine Approaches for the Management of Retinal Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2005. [PMID: 37514191 PMCID: PMC10383092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are one of the leading causes of blindness globally. The mainstay treatments for these blinding diseases are laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or steroids. Unfortunately, these therapies are associated with ocular complications like inflammation, elevated intraocular pressure, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and vitreous hemorrhage. Recent advances in nanomedicine seek to curtail these limitations, overcoming ocular barriers by developing non-invasive or minimally invasive delivery modalities. These modalities include delivering therapeutics to specific cellular targets in the retina, providing sustained delivery of drugs to avoid repeated intravitreal injections, and acting as a scaffold for neural tissue regeneration. These next-generation nanomedicine approaches could potentially revolutionize the treatment landscape of retinal diseases. This review describes the availability and limitations of current treatment strategies and highlights insights into the advancement of future approaches using next-generation nanomedicines to manage retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binapani Mahaling
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shermaine W Y Low
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sanjay Ch
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Utkarsh R Addi
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Thomas B Connor
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Brhane Y, Gebre-Mariam T, Belete A. Synthesis, characterization, and in vivo safety evaluation of propylated Dioscorea abyssinica starch. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276965. [PMID: 36441719 PMCID: PMC9704604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of starch, a natural polymeric material, and derivatives thereof is based on its adhesive, thickening, gelling, swelling, and film-forming properties, as well as its ready availability. The objective of this research work is to develop an effective propylated Dioscorea abyssinica starch (PDAS) as a hydrophobic excipient for pharmaceutical applications with a reasonable price. This paper reports on the synthesis, characterization, and in vivo safety evaluation of PDAS. Native Dioscorea abyssinica starch (NDAS) was modified to its propylated form with propionic anhydride and characterized. Crystallinity, morphological structure, thermal behavior, solubility, and safety of PDAS were evaluated using x-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetric, gravimetric, and toxicity studies, respectively. Propionyl content and degree of substitution (DS) of starch increased significantly (p < 0.05) with an increase in reaction time and temperature. Propionyl content and DS of starch increased significantly (p < 0.05) with a decrease in the ratio of starch to pyridine and starch to propionic anhydride in the reaction medium. FTIR spectra of PDAS indicated that hydroxyl groups participated in the propylation reaction. X-ray diffraction results showed that the chemical modification destroyed the crystalline structure of the NDAS. SEM of NDAS showed a rounded shape which became irregular after propylation. Thermogravimetric curves revealed that all the PDAS samples decomposed at higher temperatures than their native counterparts. At higher DS, swelling power and solubility in an aqueous environment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased below that of the native starch. PDAS with high DS, were soluble in organic solvents at room temperature. But PDAS with lower DS didn't dissolve in all types of organic solvents used. PDAS (DS = 2.842) in distilled water did not produce adverse effects in rats. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that PDAS can be considered as a generally safe excipient and fulfills the physicochemical properties of a hydrophobic excipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Brhane
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsige Gebre-Mariam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anteneh Belete
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT AFRICA), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sivamaruthi BS, Nallasamy PK, Suganthy N, Kesika P, Chaiyasut C. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of starch-based drug delivery system: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ju Y, Guo H, Edman M, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Application of advances in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:118-141. [PMID: 32758615 PMCID: PMC7853512 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidisciplinary research efforts in the field of drug delivery have led to the development of a variety of drug delivery systems (DDS) designed for site-specific delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Since efficient uptake of drug carriers into target cells is central to effective drug delivery, a comprehensive understanding of the biological pathways for cellular internalization of DDS can facilitate the development of DDS capable of precise tissue targeting and enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Diverse methods have been applied to study the internalization mechanisms responsible for endocytotic uptake of extracellular materials, which are also the principal pathways exploited by many DDS. Chemical inhibitors remain the most commonly used method to explore endocytotic internalization mechanisms, although genetic methods are increasingly accessible and may constitute more specific approaches. This review highlights the molecular basis of internalization pathways most relevant to internalization of DDS, and the principal methods used to study each route. This review also showcases examples of DDS that are internalized by each route, and reviews the general effects of biophysical properties of DDS on the internalization efficiency. Finally, options for intracellular trafficking and targeting of internalized DDS are briefly reviewed, representing an additional opportunity for multi-level targeting to achieve further specificity and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA
| | - Maria Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC School of Pharmacy, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.
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Garcia MAVT, Garcia CF, Faraco AAG. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications of Native and Modified Starch: A Review. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Vieira Teixeira Garcia
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia/UFMG Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 ‐ Campus Pampulha ‐ CEP 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte ‐ MG ‐ Brasil Brazil
| | - Cleverson Fernando Garcia
- Departamento de QuímicaCentro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET‐MG) Av. Amazonas, 5.253, Nova Suiça. CEP 30421‐169. Belo Horizonte ‐ MG ‐ Brasil Brazil
| | - André Augusto Gomes Faraco
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia/UFMGAv. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 ‐ Campus Pampulha ‐ CEP 31270‐901 Belo Horizonte ‐ MG ‐ Brasil Brazil
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Xiao H, Yang F, Lin Q, Zhang Q, Tang W, Zhang L, Xu D, Liu GQ. Preparation and properties of hydrophobic films based on acetylated broken-rice starch nanocrystals for slow protein delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:556-564. [PMID: 31336116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Native and acetylated broken-rice starches (nanocrystals) with different degrees of substitution (DS) and their corresponding films were individually prepared, and the drug release profiles, weight loss, solubility and dispersion and surface morphology were comparatively studied. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model drug. Acetylated native starch (ANS) DS 2.58, acetylated starch nanocrystals (ASN) DS 0.98, ASN DS 1.86, and ASN DS 2.72 were observed to be very soluble in chloroform. BSA was released rapidly from the native rice starch (NS) and ANS DS 2.58 films. ASN with high DS significantly slowed down the release of BSA from films, the percentages of BSA released from film ASN DS 2.72 only reached to 13% after 3.5 weeks release, and the release data followed Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. Further studies reveal that the particle size of ASN DS 2.72 was smallest, and the weight loss of ASN DS 2.72 film was lowest. The results demonstrate that acetylation and nanometer particle form of rice starch film can effectively retard protein drug release, and the prepared films based on ASN with high DS from broken rice may be suitable for the controlled protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxi Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Weize Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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8
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Yurkshtovich TL, Golub NV, Solomevich SO, Kosterova RI, Yurkshtovich NK, Alinovskaya VA, Bychkovsky PM. Acid-Base Properties and Biological Activity of Starch Phosphate Microgels. COLLOID JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x19030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Polymer-based carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 285:106-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Naji-Tabasi S, Razavi SMA. Functional properties and applications of basil seed gum: An overview. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Del Amo EM, Rimpelä AK, Heikkinen E, Kari OK, Ramsay E, Lajunen T, Schmitt M, Pelkonen L, Bhattacharya M, Richardson D, Subrizi A, Turunen T, Reinisalo M, Itkonen J, Toropainen E, Casteleijn M, Kidron H, Antopolsky M, Vellonen KS, Ruponen M, Urtti A. Pharmacokinetic aspects of retinal drug delivery. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 57:134-185. [PMID: 28028001 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the posterior eye segment is an important challenge in ophthalmology, because many diseases affect the retina and choroid leading to impaired vision or blindness. Currently, intravitreal injections are the method of choice to administer drugs to the retina, but this approach is applicable only in selected cases (e.g. anti-VEGF antibodies and soluble receptors). There are two basic approaches that can be adopted to improve retinal drug delivery: prolonged and/or retina targeted delivery of intravitreal drugs and use of other routes of drug administration, such as periocular, suprachoroidal, sub-retinal, systemic, or topical. Properties of the administration route, drug and delivery system determine the efficacy and safety of these approaches. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors determine the required dosing rates and doses that are needed for drug action. In addition, tolerability factors limit the use of many materials in ocular drug delivery. This review article provides a critical discussion of retinal drug delivery, particularly from the pharmacokinetic point of view. This article does not include an extensive review of drug delivery technologies, because they have already been reviewed several times recently. Instead, we aim to provide a systematic and quantitative view on the pharmacokinetic factors in drug delivery to the posterior eye segment. This review is based on the literature and unpublished data from the authors' laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Del Amo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Rimpelä
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Heikkinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Otto K Kari
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Ramsay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mechthild Schmitt
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Pelkonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Madhushree Bhattacharya
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dominique Richardson
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Astrid Subrizi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Turunen
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Reinisalo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Itkonen
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Toropainen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marco Casteleijn
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxim Antopolsky
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Janssen M, Timur UT, Woike N, Welting TJM, Draaisma G, Gijbels M, van Rhijn LW, Mihov G, Thies J, Emans PJ. Celecoxib-loaded PEA microspheres as an auto regulatory drug-delivery system after intra-articular injection. J Control Release 2016; 244:30-40. [PMID: 27836707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential of celecoxib-loaded polyester amide (PEA) microspheres as an auto-regulating drug delivery system for the treatment of pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Celecoxib release from PEA microspheres and inflammation responsive release of a small molecule from PEA was investigated in vitro. Inflammation responsive release of a small molecule from PEA was observed when PEA was exposed to cell lysates obtained from a neutrophil-like Hl-60 cell line. Following a short initial burst release of ~15% of the total drug load in the first days, celecoxib was slowly released throughout a period of >80days. To investigate biocompatibility and degradation behavior in vivo, celecoxib-loaded PEA microspheres were injected in OA-induced (ACLT+pMMx) or contralateral healthy knee joints of male Lewis rats. Bioactivity of celecoxib from loaded PEA microspheres was confirmed by PGE2 measurements in total rat knee homogenates. Intra-articular biocompatibility was demonstrated histologically, where no cartilage damage or synovial thickening and necrosis were observed after intra-articular injections with PEA microspheres. Degradation of PEA microspheres was significantly higher in OA induced knees compared to contralateral healthy knee joints, while loading the PEA microspheres with celecoxib significantly inhibited degradation, indicating a drug delivery system with auto regulatory behavior. In conclusion, this study suggests the potential of celecoxib-loaded PEA microspheres to be used as a safe drug delivery system with auto regulatory behavior for treatment of pain associated with OA of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Janssen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ufuk Tan Timur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nina Woike
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Draaisma
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - George Mihov
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Thies
- DSM Biomedical, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Emans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan, 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Novel biodegradable polyesteramide microspheres for controlled drug delivery in Ophthalmology. J Control Release 2015; 211:105-17. [PMID: 26003040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most of the posterior segment diseases are chronic and multifactorial and require long-term intraocular medication. Conventional treatments of these pathologies consist of successive intraocular injections, which are associated with adverse effects. Successful therapy requires the development of new drug delivery systems able to release the active substance for a long term with a single administration. The present work involves the description of a new generation of microspheres based on poly(ester amide)s (PEA), which are novel polymers with improved biodegradability, processability and good thermal and mechanical properties. We report on the preparation of the PEA polymer, PEA microspheres (PEA Ms) and their characterization. PEA Ms (~15μm) were loaded with a lipophilic drug (dexamethasone) (181.0±2.4μg DX/mg Ms). The in vitro release profile of the drug showed a constant delivery for at least 90days. Based on the data from a performed in vitro release study, a kinetic ocular model to predict in vivo drug concentrations in a rabbit vitreous was built. According to the pharmacokinetic simulations, intravitreal injection of dexamethasone loaded PEA microspheres would provide release of the drug in rabbit eyes up to 3months. Cytotoxicity studies in macrophages and retinal pigment epithelial cells revealed a good in vitro tolerance of the microsystems. After sterilization, PEA Ms were administered in vivo by subtenon and intravitreal injections in male Sprague-Dawley rats and the location of the microspheres in rat eyes was monitored. We conclude that PEA Ms provide an alternative delivery system for controlling the delivery of drugs to the eye, allowing a novel generation of microsphere design.
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Shah SS, Denham LV, Elison JR, Bhattacharjee PS, Clement C, Huq T, Hill JM. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye for pharmacologic therapy. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014; 5:75-93. [PMID: 20305803 DOI: 10.1586/eop.09.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye, such as age-related macular degeneration, cytomegalovirus retinitis, diabetic retinopathy, posterior uveitis and retinitis pigmentosa, requires novel drug delivery systems that can overcome the many barriers for efficacious delivery of therapeutic drug concentrations. This challenge has prompted the development of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable sustained-release systems for injection or transplantation into the vitreous as well as drug-loaded nanoparticles, microspheres and liposomes. These drug delivery systems utilize topical, systemic, subconjunctival, intravitreal, transscleral and iontophoretic routes of administration. The focus of research has been the development of methods that will increase the efficacy of spatiotemporal drug application, resulting in more successful therapy for patients with posterior segment diseases. This article summarizes recent advances in the research and development of drug delivery methods of the posterior chamber of the eye, with an emphasis on the use of implantable devices as well as micro- and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalin S Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), 2020 Gravier St. Suite B, Room 3E6, New Orleans, LA 70112-2234, USA, Tel.: +1 678 296 2334, ,
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Films from resistant starch-pectin dispersions intended for colonic drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:140-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Minimol P, Paul W, Sharma CP. PEGylated starch acetate nanoparticles and its potential use for oral insulin delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Smrčková P, Horský J, Šárka E, Koláček J, Netopilík M, Walterová Z, Kruliš Z, Synytsya A, Hrušková K. Hydrolysis of wheat B-starch and characterisation of acetylated maltodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:43-9. [PMID: 23987315 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wheat B-starch was hydrolysed by α-amylase "Liquozyme supra" from Bacillus licheniformis at 90 °C and pH 7. After 2 h, the dextrose equivalent was 18; according to size exclusion chromatography, however, the hydrolysate contained not only dominant malto-oligosaccharides with the degree of polymerisation (DP)<10 but also more than 20% of components with DP higher than 40. The product was acetylated to a high degree as verified by FTIR and (1)H NMR (degree of substitution DS=3.1); nevertheless, detailed analysis of the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the product showed that most of the malto-oligosaccharides molecules contained one or two residual hydroxyls. Size exclusion chromatography confirmed that the acetylated maltodextrin still contained a significant part with DP>40. This non-uniformity of acetylated maltodextrin, both with respect to DP and to DS, must be taken into account in the development of acetylated-maltodextrin applications such as use as plasticisers or compatibilisers in biodegradable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Smrčková
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Lu W, Shen Y, Xie A, Zhang W. Preparation and protein immobilization of magnetic dialdehyde starch nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3720-5. [PMID: 23528154 DOI: 10.1021/jp3110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were obtained using a hydrolysis product of starch, i.e., α-d-glucose, as the reducing agent and without any additional stabilizer and dispersant by a facile and green method at mild temperature. Magnetic dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (MDASN) were successfully synthesized with dialdehyde starch (DAS) as wrapper and epichlorohydrin as cross-linker by coembedding method. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug was immobilized on the suface of MDASN. The particle size distribution of MDASN was 50-150 nm, and the average size was about 100 nm. The content of aldehyde group in DAS was 59.5%, and the package rate of DAS in MDASN was 33.2%. The loading amount and encapsulation efficiency of MDASN loading BSA were 5.0% and 54.4%, respectively. The saturation magnetization of MDASN at 300 K was 29.5 emu/g without coercivity and remanence. The as-prepared MDASN have not only lots of aldehyde functional groups but also stronger magnetic response, which might have potential applications such as drug carriers and targeted drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, PR China
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Raula J, Hanzlíková M, Rahikkala A, Hautala J, Kauppinen EI, Urtti A, Yliperttula M. Gas-phase synthesis of solid state DNA nanoparticles stabilized by l-leucine. Int J Pharm 2013; 444:155-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dandekar P, Jain R, Stauner T, Loretz B, Koch M, Wenz G, Lehr CM. A Hydrophobic Starch Polymer for Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Docetaxel. Macromol Biosci 2011; 12:184-94. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Xu W, Yang Y. Drug release and its relationship with kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of drug sorption onto starch acetate fibers. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 105:814-22. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Xia Y, Kong Y, Nielsen PH. In situ detection of starch-hydrolyzing microorganisms in activated sludge. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 66:462-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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24
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Yu D, Xiao S, Tong C, Chen L, Liu X. Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles: Preparation and application in drug carrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-007-0388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Xiao S, Tong C, Liu X, Yu D, Liu Q, Xue C, Tang D, Zhao L. Preparation of folate-conjugated starch nanoparticles and its application to tumor-targeted drug delivery vector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-006-2039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Kidane A, Bhatt PP. Recent advances in small molecule drug delivery. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2005; 9:347-51. [PMID: 16006179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of new drugs, and new drug products, being developed and marketed by the pharmaceutical industry are small molecules. Oral administration remains the most common route of delivering such drugs, typically in the form of immediate-release tablets or capsules. While the immediate-release dosage forms dominate the market today, more specialized and rationalized products incorporating the concepts of drug delivery are being developed to overcome the physicochemical, physiological and pharmacological challenges inherent with the drugs, and to improve the treatment regimens for the patients. Today, these specialized concepts are increasingly being applied to first-generation products and not just products intended for the life cycle management of the franchise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argaw Kidane
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Shire Laboratories, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
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