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Gong C, Hasnain A, Wang Q, Liu D, Xu Z, Zhan X, Liu X, Pu J, Sun M, Wang X. Eco-friendly deacetylated chitosan base siRNA biological-nanopesticide loading cyromazine for efficiently controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124575. [PMID: 37100329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious threat to various crops, such as corn and rice, and results in severe economic losses. Herein, a chitin synthase sfCHS highly expressed in the epidermis of S. frugiperda was screened, and when interfered by an sfCHS-siRNA nanocomplex, most individuals could not ecdysis (mortality rate 53.3 %) or pupate (abnormal pupation 80.6 %). Based on the results of structure-based virtual screening, cyromazine (CYR, binding free energy -57.285 kcal/mol) could inhibit ecdysis (LC50, 19.599 μg/g). CYR-CS/siRNA nanoparticles encapsulating CYR and SfCHS-siRNA with chitosan (CS) were successfully prepared, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 74.9 mg/g CYR was characterized in the core of CYR-CS/siRNA by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Small amounts of prepared CYR-CS/siRNA containing only 1.5 μg/g CYR could better inhibit chitin synthesis in the cuticle and peritrophic membrane (mortality rate 84.4 %). Therefore, chitosan/siRNA nanoparticle-loaded pesticides were useful for pesticide reduction and comprehensive control of S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ali Hasnain
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Ruseska I, Fresacher K, Petschacher C, Zimmer A. Use of Protamine in Nanopharmaceuticals-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1508. [PMID: 34200384 PMCID: PMC8230241 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular biomolecules are currently dethroning classical small molecule therapeutics because of their improved targeting and delivery properties. Protamine-a small polycationic peptide-represents a promising candidate. In nature, it binds and protects DNA against degradation during spermatogenesis due to electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged DNA-phosphate backbone and the positively charged protamine. Researchers are mimicking this technique to develop innovative nanopharmaceutical drug delivery systems, incorporating protamine as a carrier for biologically active components such as DNA or RNA. The first part of this review highlights ongoing investigations in the field of protamine-associated nanotechnology, discussing the self-assembling manufacturing process and nanoparticle engineering. Immune-modulating properties of protamine are those that lead to the second key part, which is protamine in novel vaccine technologies. Protamine-based RNA delivery systems in vaccines (some belong to the new class of mRNA-vaccines) against infectious disease and their use in cancer treatment are reviewed, and we provide an update on the current state of latest developments with protamine as pharmaceutical excipient for vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.R.); (K.F.); (C.P.)
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3
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Polymer Particles Bearing Recombinant LEL CD81 as Trapping Systems for Hepatitis C Virus. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050672. [PMID: 34067169 PMCID: PMC8151308 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C is one of the most common social diseases in the world. The improvements in both the early diagnostics of the hepatitis C and the treatment of acute viremia caused by hepatitis C virus are undoubtedly an urgent task. In present work, we offered the micro- and nanotraps for the capturing of HCV. As a capturing moiety, we designed and synthesized in E. coli a fusion protein consisting of large extracellular loop of CD81 receptor and streptavidin as spacing part. The obtained protein has been immobilized on the surface of PLA-based micro- and nanoparticles. The developed trapping systems were characterized in terms of their physico-chemical properties. In order to illustrate the ability of developed micro- and nanotraps to bind HCV, E2 core protein of HCV was synthesized as a fusion protein with GFP. Interaction of E2 protein and hepatitis C virus-mimicking particles with the developed trapping systems were testified by several methods.
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Hanafy NAN, Fabregat I, Leporatti S, El Kemary M. Encapsulating TGF-β1 Inhibitory Peptides P17 and P144 as a Promising Strategy to Facilitate Their Dissolution and to Improve Their Functionalization. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E421. [PMID: 32370293 PMCID: PMC7284799 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ1) is considered as a master regulator for many intracellular signaling pathways, including proliferation, differentiation and death, both in health and disease. It further represents an oncogenic factor in advanced tumors allowing cancer cells to be more invasive and prone to move into the metastatic process. This finding has received great attention for discovering new therapeutic molecules against the TGFβ1 pathway. Among many TGFβ1 inhibitors, peptides (P17 and P144) were designed to block the TGFβ1 pathway. However, their therapeutic applications have limited use, due to lack of selection for their targets and their possible recognition by the immune system and further due to their potential cytotoxicity on healthy cells. Besides that, P144 is a highly hydrophobic molecule with less dissolution even in organic solution. Here, we aimed to overcome the dissolution of P144, as well as design nano-delivery strategies to protect normal cells, to increase cellular penetration and to raise the targeted therapy of both P17 and P144. Peptides were encapsulated in moieties of polymer hybrid protein. Their assembly was investigated by TEM, microplate spectrum analysis and fluorescence microscopy. SMAD phosphorylation was analyzed by Western blot as a hallmark of their biological efficiency. The results showed that the encapsulation of P17 and P144 might improve their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemany A. N. Hanafy
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona (UB) and CIBEREHD, Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maged El Kemary
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
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Scheicher B, Lorenzer C, Gegenbauer K, Partlic J, Andreae F, Kirsch AH, Rosenkranz AR, Werzer O, Zimmer A. Manufacturing of a Secretoneurin Drug Delivery System with Self-Assembled Protamine Nanoparticles by Titration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164149. [PMID: 27828968 PMCID: PMC5102448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since therapeutic peptides and oligonucleotides are gathering interests as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are becoming of great importance. Thereby, the possibility to design drug delivery systems according to the therapeutic needs of APIs enhances clinical implementation. Over the last years, the focus of our group was laid on protamine-oligonucleotide-nanoparticles (so called proticles), however, the possibility to modify the size, zeta potential or loading efficiencies was limited. Therefore, at the present study we integrated a stepwise addition of protamine (titration) into the formation process of proticles loaded with the angiogenic neuropeptide secretoneurin (SN). A particle size around 130 nm was determined when proticles were assembled by the commonly used protamine addition at once. Through application of the protamine titration process it was possible to modify and adjust the particle size between approx. 120 and 1200 nm (dependent on mass ratio) without influencing the SN loading capacity. Dynamic light scattering pointed out that the difference in particle size was most probably the result of a secondary aggregation. Initially-formed particles of early stages in the titration process aggregated towards bigger assemblies. Atomic-force-microscopy images also revealed differences in morphology along with different particle size. In contrast, the SN loading was only influenced by the applied mass ratio, where a slight saturation effect was observable. Up to 65% of deployed SN could be imbedded into the proticle matrix. An in-vivo biodistribution study (i.m.) showed a retarded distribution of SN from the site of injection after the application of a SN-proticle formulation. Further, it was demonstrated that SN loaded proticles can be successfully freeze-dried and resuspended afterwards. To conclude, the integration of the protamine titration process offers new possibilities for the formulation of proticles in order to address key parameters of drug delivery systems as size, API loading or modified drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Scheicher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lorenzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Gegenbauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Partlic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Alexander H. Kirsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R. Rosenkranz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Biodistribution of size-selected lyophilisomes in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 94:141-51. [PMID: 25953331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lyophilisomes are a novel class of proteinaceous biodegradable nano/microparticle capsules developed for tumor drug delivery. The in vivo characteristics of lyophilisomes are unknown and, therefore, the time course of biodistribution of sized albumin-based lyophilisomes in CD1 mice after intravenous administration was studied. Lyophilisomes, prepared from Dylight680-labeled albumin, were sized using a sucrose gradient centrifugation methodology and four fractions with a mean size of approximately 200nm, 400nm, 550nm, and 650nm were pooled for in/ex vivo localization, (immuno)histochemistry and biochemical analysis. Lyophilisomes were rapidly taken out of the circulation by the liver and spleen. Immunohistochemistry revealed that lyophilisomes were taken up in the liver by F4/80 positive macrophages, and in the spleen by Sign-R1 positive macrophages specifically located in the marginal zones. Lyophilisomes were most likely degraded by the liver and spleen and subsequently excreted via the urine, as high levels of degraded Dylight680-labeled albumin were detected in the urine. This was corroborated by electron microscopy of the spleen, which showed intact lyophilisomes in the marginal zone 5 and 30min after injection, but not after 2h. In conclusion, IV injected lyophilisomes are rapidly entrapped by liver and splenic macrophages, biodegraded, and excreted in the urine.
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Protamine-oligonucleotide-nanoparticles: Recent advances in drug delivery and drug targeting. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 75:54-9. [PMID: 25896372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Application of oligonucleotides as active compounds has become a crucial field of pharmaceutical research in recent years. In order to improve inadequate transfection rate and to avoid rapid enzymatic degradation of antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) a novel nanoparticulate delivery system was reported by our group at the beginning of 2000. AS-ODNs are condensed by the polycationic peptide protamine into solid particles in the size range of 100-200nm. Nanoparticle formation is driven by a self-assembling process based on electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged biomolecules. This new delivery system was named "proticles" and showed very efficient protection against enzymatic digestion, high transfection rates and significant antisense effects in vitro. Throughout broader research, this promising approach was enlarged, and AS-ODNs were replaced by siRNA or CpG-oligonucleotides to address the aspect of immune-modulation and vaccination. More recent studies on proticles verified upscaling of the self-assembling process as well as the potential of proticle formulations for active drug targeting, like tumor- or atherosclerotic plaque targeting. Thereby also the application for diagnostic purposes was emphasized. This review will focus on the characterization of the nucleoprotein protamine as well as on the variety of possible nucleotides/peptides which were already assembled into the proticle matrix. Furthermore it will provide an insight into the broad area of application where proticles can present a valuable tool for successful oligonucleotide delivery.
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8
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Nanoparticle-based technologies for retinal gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:353-67. [PMID: 25592325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For patients with hereditary retinal diseases, retinal gene therapy offers significant promise for the prevention of retinal degeneration. While adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based systems remain the most popular gene delivery method due to their high efficiency and successful clinical results, other delivery systems, such as non-viral nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed as additional therapeutic options. NP technologies come in several categories (e.g., polymer, liposomes, peptide compacted DNA), several of which have been tested in mouse models of retinal disease. Here, we discuss the key biochemical features of the different NPs that influence how they are internalized into cells, escape from endosomes, and are delivered into the nucleus. We review the primary mechanism of NP uptake by retinal cells and highlight various NPs that have been successfully used for in vivo gene delivery to the retina and RPE. Finally, we consider the various strategies that can be implemented in the plasmid DNA to generate persistent, high levels of gene expression.
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Prabha S, Arya G, Chandra R, Ahmed B, Nimesh S. Effect of size on biological properties of nanoparticles employed in gene delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:83-91. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Lohcharoenkal W, Wang L, Chen YC, Rojanasakul Y. Protein nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:180549. [PMID: 24772414 PMCID: PMC3977416 DOI: 10.1155/2014/180549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have increasingly been used for a variety of applications, most notably for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. A large number of nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been developed for cancer treatment and various materials have been explored as drug delivery agents to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of anticancer drugs. Natural biomolecules such as proteins are an attractive alternative to synthetic polymers which are commonly used in drug formulations because of their safety. In general, protein nanoparticles offer a number of advantages including biocompatibility and biodegradability. They can be prepared under mild conditions without the use of toxic chemicals or organic solvents. Moreover, due to their defined primary structure, protein-based nanoparticles offer various possibilities for surface modifications including covalent attachment of drugs and targeting ligands. In this paper, we review the most significant advancements in protein nanoparticle technology and their use in drug delivery arena. We then examine the various sources of protein materials that have been used successfully for the construction of protein nanoparticles as well as their methods of preparation. Finally, we discuss the applications of protein nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liying Wang
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- Natural Science Division, Alderson-Broaddus College, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA ; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Karimi M, Avci P, Mobasseri R, Hamblin MR, Naderi-Manesh H. The novel albumin-chitosan core-shell nanoparticles for gene delivery: preparation, optimization and cell uptake investigation. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 15:1651. [PMID: 24363607 PMCID: PMC3868460 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-1651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural polymers and proteins such as chitosan (CS) and albumin (Alb) have recently attracted much attention both in drug delivery and gene delivery. The underlying rationale is their unique properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and controlled release. This study aimed to prepare novel albumin-chitosan-DNA (Alb-CS-DNA) core-shell nanoparticles as a plasmid delivery system and find the best conditions for their preparation. Phase separation method and ionic interaction were used for preparation of Alb nanoparticles and Alb-CS-DNA core-shell nanoparticles, respectively. The effects of three important independent variables (1) CS/Alb mass ratio, (2) the ratios of moles of the amine groups of cationic polymers to those of the phosphate groups of DNA (N/P ratio), and (3) Alb concentration, on the nanoparticle size and loading efficiency of the plasmid were investigated and optimized through Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were found to be CS/Alb mass ratio = 3, N/P ratio = 8.24 and Alb concentration = 0.1 mg/mL. The most critical factors for the size of nanoparticles and loading efficiency were Alb concentration and N/P ratio. The optimized nanoparticles had an average size of 176 ± 3.4 nm and loading efficiency of 80 ± 3.9 %. Cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that the prepared nanoparticles were not toxic. The high cellular uptake of nanoparticles (~85 %) was shown by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rezvan Mobasseri
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02119, USA
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Nimesh S. Protamine nanoparticles. Gene Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1533/9781908818645.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Şalva E, Özbaş Turan S, Akbuğa J. The Development of Ternary Nanoplexes for Efficient Small Interfering RNA Delivery. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:1907-14. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Şalva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Central Campuss
| | - Suna Özbaş Turan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University
| | - Jülide Akbuğa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University
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Conde J, Baptista PV, Hernández Y, Sanz V, de la Fuente JM. Modification of plasmid DNA topology by ‘histone-mimetic’ gold nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1657-66. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Our aim is to explore whether gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with a carboxylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) and protamine (AuNP@PEG@Prot) can modulate - enhance or restrain - DNA condensation, altering DNA conformation and inducing structural changes. Understanding how these nanoconjugates modulate DNA structure, size and shape of DNA condensates, and enable control over the resulting 3D structures is of major biological and therapeutic importance. Materials & methods: Citrate-AuNPs were covered with a dense layer of a hetero-functional octa(ethylene glycol) (SH-EG(8)-COOH). Conjugation of protamine to the AuNP@PEG was achieved by taking advantage of the carboxylated surface previously generated on the surface of the NP and the remaining amino groups from the protamine, using carbodiimide and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide coupling reactions. Results & conclusion: AuNP@PEG@Prot modulates the structure and topology of DNA, not only for condensation, but also for decondensation, via formation of higher quantities of dimers and multimers, when compared with AuNP@PEG and free protamine. Original submitted 16 July 2011; Revised submitted 9 January 2012; Published online 14 May 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- João Conde
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Genética Molecular Humana (CIGMH), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- Centro de Investigação em Genética Molecular Humana (CIGMH), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Yulan Hernández
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Sanz
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus M de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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Nanomedicines based on recombinant fusion proteins for targeting therapeutic siRNA oligonucleotides. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:891-905. [PMID: 22318893 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous promise of siRNA technology for rational and targeted therapy can only be realized if the inherent problems in terms of pharmaceutical development are overcome. Besides liposomal and polymeric nanoparticles, fusion proteins hold great potential for cell-type specific delivery of siRNA. Consisting of a protein binder and an oligonucleotide complexing domain, fusion proteins are designed for targeted delivery to a certain tissue or organ and subsequent release of the siRNA after cellular uptake. This article focuses on the possibilities and importance of targeting and complexing domains, including polymers and dendrimers. In vitro and in vivo evaluations are discussed with an in-depth view on pharmacokinetic properties. Remaining challenges concerning specificity on the tissue and molecular levels are highlighted.
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Vighi E, Montanari M, Ruozi B, Iannuccelli V, Leo E. The role of protamine amount in the transfection performance of cationic SLN designed as a gene nanocarrier. Drug Deliv 2011; 19:1-10. [PMID: 22070724 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.621989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been recently proposed as non-viral vectors in systemic gene therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the protamine amount used as the transfection promoter in SLN-mediated gene delivery. Three protamine-SLN samples (Pro25, Pro100, and Pro200) prepared by adding increasing amounts of protamine were characterized for their size, zeta potential, and protamine loading level. The samples were evaluated for pDNA complexation ability by gel-electrophoresis analysis and for cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency by using different cell lines (COS-I, HepG2, and Na1300). The size of SLN was ~230 nm and only Pro200 showed few particle aggregates. Unlike the Pro25 sample with the lowest protamine loading level, the others SLN samples (Pro100 and Pro200) exhibited a good ability in complexing pDNA. A cell-line dependent cytotoxicity lower than that of the positive control PEI (polyethilenimmine) was observed for all the SLN. Among these, only Pro100, having an intermediate amount of protamine, appeared able to promote pDNA cell transfer, especially in a neuronal cell line (Na1300). In conclusion, the amount of protamine as the transfection promoter in SLN affects not only the gene delivery ability of SLN but also their capacity to transfer genes efficiently to specific cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vighi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Nuclear localization of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles containing Protamine as transfection promoter. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 76:384-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fuchs S, Coester C. Protein-based nanoparticles as a drug delivery system: chances, risks, perspectives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pathak Y, Thassu D, Deleers M. Pharmaceutical Applications of Nanoparticulate Drug-Delivery Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420008449.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Liu J, Guo S, Li Z, Liu L, Gu J. Synthesis and characterization of stearyl protamine and investigation of their complexes with DNA for gene delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 73:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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DeLong RK, Akhtar U, Sallee M, Parker B, Barber S, Zhang J, Craig M, Garrad R, Hickey AJ, Engstrom E. Characterization and performance of nucleic acid nanoparticles combined with protamine and gold. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6451-9. [PMID: 19726081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular nucleic acids such as DNA vaccines, siRNA, and splice-site switching oligomers (SSO) have vast chemotherapeutic potential. Nanoparticulate biomaterials hold promise for DNA and RNA delivery when a means for binding is identified that retains structure-function and provides stabilization by the nanoparticles. In order to provide these benefits of binding, we combined DNA and RNA with protamine-demonstrating association to gold microparticles by electrophoretic, gel shot, fluorescence, and dynamic laser light spectroscopy (DLLS). A pivotal finding in these studies is that the Au-protamine-DNA conjugates greatly stabilize the DNA; and DNA structure and vaccine activity are maintained even after exposure to physical, chemical, and temperature-accelerated degradation. Specifically, protamine formed nanoparticles when complexed to RNA. These complexes could be detected by gel shift and were probed by high throughput absorbance difference spectroscopy (HTADS). Biological activity of these RNA nanoparticles (RNPs) was demonstrated also by a human tumor cell splice-site switching assay and by siRNA delivery against B-Raf-a key cancer target. Finally, RNA:protamine particles inhibited growth of cultured human tumor cells and bacteria. These data provide new insights into DNA and RNA nanoparticles and prospects for their delivery and chemotherapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K DeLong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA.
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Winkler J, Martin-Killias P, Plückthun A, Zangemeister-Wittke U. EpCAM-targeted delivery of nanocomplexed siRNA to tumor cells with designed ankyrin repeat proteins. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2674-83. [PMID: 19723880 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Specific delivery to tumors and efficient cellular uptake of nucleic acids remain major challenges for gene-targeted cancer therapies. Here we report the use of a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) specific for the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as a carrier for small interfering RNA (siRNA) complementary to the bcl-2 mRNA. For charge complexation of the siRNA, the DARPin was fused to a truncated human protamine-1 sequence. To increase the cell binding affinity and the amount of siRNA delivered into cells, DARPin dimers were generated and used as fusion proteins with protamine. All proteins expressed well in Escherichia coli in soluble form, yet, to remove tightly bound bacterial nucleic acids, they were purified under denaturing conditions by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, followed by refolding. The fusion proteins were capable of complexing four to five siRNA molecules per protamine, and fully retained the binding specificity for EpCAM as shown on MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. In contrast to unspecific LipofectAMINE transfection, down-regulation of antiapoptotic bcl-2 using fusion protein complexed siRNA was strictly dependent on EpCAM binding and internalization. Inhibition of bcl-2 expression facilitated tumor cell apoptosis as shown by increased sensitivity to the anticancer agent doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Winkler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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