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Yasukawa T, Oda AH, Nakamura T, Masuo N, Tamura M, Yamasaki Y, Imura M, Yamada T, Ohta K. TAQing2.0 for genome reorganization of asexual industrial yeasts by direct protein transfection. Commun Biol 2022; 5:144. [PMID: 35177796 PMCID: PMC8854394 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements often generate phenotypic diversification. We previously reported the TAQing system where genomic rearrangements are induced via conditional activation of a restriction endonuclease in yeast and plant cells to produce mutants with marked phenotypic changes. Here we developed the TAQing2.0 system based on the direct delivery of endonucleases into the cell nucleus by cell-penetrating peptides. Using the optimized procedure, we introduce a heat-reactivatable endonuclease TaqI into an asexual industrial yeast (torula yeast), followed by a transient heat activation of TaqI. TAQing2.0 leads to generation of mutants with altered flocculation and morphological phenotypes, which exhibit changes in chromosomal size. Genome resequencing suggested that torula yeast is triploid with six chromosomes and the mutants have multiple rearrangements including translocations having the TaqI recognition sequence at the break points. Thus, TAQing2.0 is expected as a useful method to obtain various mutants with altered phenotypes without introducing foreign DNA into asexual industrial microorganisms. The TAQing system is upgraded and optimised as the foreign-DNA-free genome engineering technology, TAQing2.0. Genomic rearrangements are randomly induced by introducing the TaqI restriction endonuclease into non-sporulating industrial yeast with cell-penetrating peptides, leading to generation of mutants with altered phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Yasukawa
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F., 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Arisa H Oda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naohisa Masuo
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F., 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Miki Tamura
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yuriko Yamasaki
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F., 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Makoto Imura
- Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo Takarazuka Building 14F., 1-1-3 Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0006, Japan
| | - Takatomi Yamada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan. .,The Universal Biology Institute of The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Le Saux S, Aubert-Pouëssel A, Mohamed KE, Martineau P, Guglielmi L, Devoisselle JM, Legrand P, Chopineau J, Morille M. Interest of extracellular vesicles in regards to lipid nanoparticle based systems for intracellular protein delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113837. [PMID: 34144089 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Compared to chemicals that continue to dominate the overall pharmaceutical market, protein therapeutics offer the advantages of higher specificity, greater activity, and reduced toxicity. While nearly all existing therapeutic proteins were developed against soluble or extracellular targets, the ability for proteins to enter cells and target intracellular compartments can significantly broaden their utility for a myriad of exiting targets. Given their physical, chemical, biological instability that could induce adverse effects, and their limited ability to cross cell membranes, delivery systems are required to fully reveal their biological potential. In this context, as natural protein nanocarriers, extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise. Nevertheless, if not present naturally, bringing an interest protein into EV is not an easy task. In this review, we will explore methods used to load extrinsic protein into EVs and compare these natural vectors to their close synthetic counterparts, liposomes/lipid nanoparticles, to induce intracellular protein delivery.
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Wu Y, Jiang L, Dong Z, Chen S, Yu XY, Tang S. Intracellular Delivery of Proteins into Living Cells by Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethyleneimine. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4197-4208. [PMID: 34188469 PMCID: PMC8232877 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracellular protein delivery is emerging as a potential strategy to revolutionize therapeutics in the field of biomedicine, aiming at treating a wide range of diseases including cancer, inflammatory diseases and other oxidative stress-related disorders with high specificity. However, the current challenges and limitations are addressed to either synthetically or biologically through multipotency of engineering, such as protein modification, insufficient delivery of large-size proteins, deficiency or mutation of proteins, and high cytotoxicity. Methods We prepared the nanocomposites by mixing protein with PEI1200 at a certain molar ratio and demonstrated that it can deliver proteins into living cells in high efficiency and safety through the following experiments, such as dynamic light scattering, fluorescent detection, agarose gel electrophoresis, ß-Galactosidase activity detection, immunofluorescence staining, digital fluorescent detection, cell viability assay and flow cytometry. Results The self-assembly of PEI1200/protein nanocomposites with appropriate molar ratio (4:1 and 8:1) could provide efficiently delivery of active proteins to a variety of cell types in the presence of serum. The nanocomposites could continuously release protein up to 96 h in their desired intracellular locations. In addition, these nanocomposites were able to preserve protein activity while maintain low cytotoxicity (when final concentration <1 μg/mL). Conclusion Collectively, PEI1200-based delivery system provided an alternative strategy to direct protein delivery in high efficiency and safety, offering increased potential applications in clinical biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
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Le Saux S, Aubert‐Pouëssel A, Ouchait L, Mohamed KE, Martineau P, Guglielmi L, Devoisselle J, Legrand P, Chopineau J, Morille M. Nanotechnologies for Intracellular Protein Delivery: Recent Progress in Inorganic and Organic Nanocarriers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Le Saux
- ICGM Universite Montpellier ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier France
| | | | - Lyria Ouchait
- ICGM Universite Montpellier ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joël Chopineau
- ICGM Universite Montpellier ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Marie Morille
- ICGM Universite Montpellier ENSCM, CNRS Montpellier France
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Chen SH, Chao A, Tsai CL, Sue SC, Lin CY, Lee YZ, Hung YL, Chao AS, Cheng AJ, Wang HS, Wang TH. Utilization of HEPES for Enhancing Protein Transfection into Mammalian Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 13:99-111. [PMID: 30740472 PMCID: PMC6357789 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of active proteins into cells (protein transfection) for biological purposes offers considerable potential for clinical applications. Herein we demonstrate that, with a readily available, inexpensive organic agent, the 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) method can be used for simple and efficient protein transfection. By mixing proteins with a pure HEPES solution before they are applied to live cells, proteins with various molecular weights (including antibodies, recombinant proteins, and peptides) were successfully delivered into the cytoplasm of different cell types. The protein transfection efficiency of the HEPES method was not inferior to that of commercially available systems that are both more expensive and time consuming. Studies using endocytotic inhibitors and endosomal markers have revealed that cells internalize HEPES-protein mixtures through endocytosis. Results that HEPES-protein mixtures exhibited a low diffusion coefficient suggest that HEPES might neutralize the charges of proteins and, thus, facilitate their cellular internalization. Upon internalization, the cytosolic antibodies caused the degradation of targeted proteins in TRIM21-expressing cells. In summary, the HEPES method is efficient for protein transfection and has potential for myriad clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Angel Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Sue
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Lin
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - An-Shine Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Chiper M, Niederreither K, Zuber G. Transduction Methods for Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins and Bioconjugates into Living Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701040. [PMID: 29205903 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The human organism and its constituting cells rely on interplay between multiple proteins exerting specific functions. Progress in molecular biotechnologies has facilitated the production of recombinant proteins. When administrated to patients, recombinant proteins can provide important healthcare benefits. To date, most therapeutic proteins must act from the extracellular environment, with their targets being secreted modulators or extracellular receptors. This is because proteins cannot passively diffuse across the plasma membrane into the cytosol. To expand the scope of action of proteins for cytosolic targets (representing more than 40% of the genome) effective methods assisting protein cytosolic entry are being developed. To date, direct protein delivery is extremely tedious and inefficient in cultured cells, even more so in animal models of pathology. Novel techniques are changing this limitation, as recently developed in vitro methods can robustly convey large amount of proteins into cell cultures. Moreover, advances in protein formulation or protein conjugates are slowly, but surely demonstrating efficiency for targeted cytosolic entry of functional protein in vivo in tumor xenograft models. In this review, various methods and recently developed techniques for protein transport into cells are summarized. They are put into perspective to address the challenges encountered during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Chiper
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics CNRS—Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Boulevard Sebastien Brant F‐67412 Illkirch France
- Faculté de Pharmacie—Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin F‐67400 Illkirch France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Developmental Biology and Stem Cells Department Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) F‐67412 Illkirch France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964 F‐67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Guy Zuber
- Molecular and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Biologics CNRS—Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Boulevard Sebastien Brant F‐67412 Illkirch France
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7
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Jeltsch A. From Bioengineering to CRISPR/Cas9 - A Personal Retrospective of 20 Years of Research in Programmable Genome Targeting. Front Genet 2018; 9:5. [PMID: 29434619 PMCID: PMC5790776 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome targeting of restriction enzymes and DNA methyltransferases has many important applications including genome and epigenome editing. 15–20 years ago, my group was involved in the development of approaches for programmable genome targeting, aiming to connect enzymes with an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), which could form a sequence-specific triple helix at the genomic target site. Importantly, the target site of such enzyme-ODN conjugate could be varied simply by altering the ODN sequence promising great applicative values. However, this approach was facing many problems including the preparation and purification of the enzyme-ODN conjugates, their efficient delivery into cells, slow kinetics of triple helix formation and the requirement of a poly-purine target site sequence. Hence, for several years genome and epigenome editing approaches mainly were based on Zinc fingers and TAL proteins as targeting devices. More recently, CRISPR/Cas systems were discovered, which use a bound RNA for genome targeting that forms an RNA/DNA duplex with one DNA strand of the target site. These systems combine all potential advantages of the once imagined enzyme-ODN conjugates and avoid all main disadvantageous. Consequently, the application of CRISPR/Cas in genome and epigenome editing has exploded in recent years. We can draw two important conclusions from this example of research history. First, evolution still is the better bioengineer than humans and, whenever tested in parallel, natural solutions outcompete engineered ones. Second, CRISPR/Cas system were discovered in pure, curiosity driven, basic research, highlighting that it is basic, bottom-up research paving the way for fundamental innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Jeltsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Enhancing Specific Disruption of Intracellular Protein Complexes by Hydrocarbon Stapled Peptides Using Lipid Based Delivery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1763. [PMID: 28496125 PMCID: PMC5431883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear peptides can mimic and disrupt protein-protein interactions involved in critical cell signaling pathways. Such peptides however are usually protease sensitive and unable to engage with intracellular targets due to lack of membrane permeability. Peptide stapling has been proposed to circumvent these limitations but recent data has suggested that this method does not universally solve the problem of cell entry and can lead to molecules with off target cell lytic properties. To address these issues a library of stapled peptides was synthesized and screened to identify compounds that bound Mdm2 and activated cellular p53. A lead peptide was identified that activated intracellular p53 with negligible nonspecific cytotoxicity, however it still bound serum avidly and only showed a marginal improvement in cellular potency. These hurdles were overcome by successfully identifying a pyridinium-based cationic lipid formulation, which significantly improved the activity of the stapled peptide in a p53 reporter cell line, principally through increased vesicular escape. These studies underscore that stapled peptides, which are cell permeable and target specific, can be identified with rigorous experimental design and that these properties can be improved through use with lipid based formulations. This work should facilitate the clinical translation of stapled peptides.
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Kuwahara K, Harada K, Yamagoshi R, Yamamoto T, Shinohara Y. Effects of employment of distinct strategies to capture antibody on antibody delivery into cultured cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 404:25-30. [PMID: 25697272 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of antibody delivery into cultured HeLa cells were examined using two delivery systems. Both systems used a cell-penetrating peptide as a tool for intrusion of an antibody into the cells, but either a "protein A derivative" or "hydrophobic motif" was employed to capture the antibody. When we examined the uptake of the Alexa Fluor-labeled antibody by the use of these two systems, both systems were found to effectively deliver the antibody into the cultured cells. However, when we compared the amount of antibody delivered by these systems with the amount of transferrin uptake, the former was 10 times smaller than the latter. The lower efficiency of antibody delivery than transferrin uptake seemed to be attributable to the involvement of the antibody delivery reagent, which failed to catch the antibody molecule. This interpretation was validated by an experiment using a larger amount of antibody, and the amount of antibody delivered by the "protein A derivative" system under this condition was determined to be 13 ng proteins/10(5) cells. The antibody delivery achieved by the "protein A derivative" or "hydrophobic motif" showed two differences, i.e., a difference in intracellular distribution of the delivered antibody molecules and a difference in the fluorescence spectrum observed with cellular lysates. Possible reasons for these differences between the two delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Kuwahara
- Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Kuramoto-cho-3, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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10
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Liposome-based Formulation for Intracellular Delivery of Functional Proteins. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e244. [DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Kowalski PS, Kuninty PR, Bijlsma KT, Stuart MCA, Leus NGJ, Ruiters MHJ, Molema G, Kamps JAAM. SAINT-liposome-polycation particles, a new carrier for improved delivery of siRNAs to inflamed endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 89:40-7. [PMID: 25460585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interference with acute and chronic inflammatory processes by means of delivery of siRNAs into microvascular endothelial cells at a site of inflammation demands specific, non-toxic and effective siRNA delivery system. In the current work we describe the design and characterization of siRNA carriers based on cationic pyridinium-derived lipid 1-methyl-4-(cis-9-dioleyl)methyl-pyridinium-chloride) (SAINT-C18) and the transfection enhancer protamine, complexed with siRNA/carrier DNA or siRNA only. These carriers, called SAINT-liposome-polycation-DNA (S-LPD) and SAINT-liposome-polycation (S-LP), have a high efficiency of siRNA encapsulation, low cellular toxicity, and superior efficacy of gene downregulation in endothelial cells in vitro as compared to DOTAP-LPD. Incorporation of 10 mol% PEG and anti-E-selectin antibody in these formulations resulted in selective siRNA delivery into activated endothelial cells. Furthermore, we showed that the physicochemical characteristics of S-LPD and S-LP, including size-stability and maintenance of the siRNA integrity in the presence of serum at 37 °C, comply with requirements for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr S Kowalski
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Praneeth R Kuninty
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas T Bijlsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C A Stuart
- University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, The Netherlands; Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek G J Leus
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H J Ruiters
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Groningen, The Netherlands; Synvolux Therapeutics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Marschall ALJ, Zhang C, Frenzel A, Schirrmann T, Hust M, Perez F, Dübel S. Delivery of antibodies to the cytosol: debunking the myths. MAbs 2014; 6:943-56. [PMID: 24848507 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibodies to target their antigens in living cells is a powerful analytical tool for cell biology research. Not only can molecules be localized and visualized in living cells, but interference with cellular processes by antibodies may allow functional analysis down to the level of individual post-translational modifications and splice variants, which is not possible with genetic or RNA-based methods. To utilize the vast resource of available antibodies, an efficient system to deliver them into the cytosol from the outside is needed. Numerous strategies have been proposed, but the most robust and widely applicable procedure still remains to be identified, since a quantitative ranking of the efficiencies has not yet been done. To achieve this, we developed a novel efficiency evaluation method for antibody delivery based on a fusion protein consisting of a human IgG 1 Fc and the recombination enzyme Cre (Fc-Cre). Applied to suitable GFP reporter cells, it allows the important distinction between proteins trapped in endosomes and those delivered to the cytosol. Further, it ensures viability of positive cells and is unsusceptible to fixation artifacts and misinterpretation of cellular localization in microscopy and flow cytometry. Very low cytoplasmic delivery efficiencies were found for various profection reagents and membrane penetrating peptides, leaving electroporation as the only practically useful delivery method for antibodies. This was further verified by the successful application of this method to bind antibodies to cytosolic components in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L J Marschall
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Georg-Speyer-Haus; Institute for Tumor Biology und experimental Therapy; Frankfurt, Germany
| | - André Frenzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie; Centre de Recherche; Paris, France; CNRS UMR144; Paris, France
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; Braunschweig, Germany
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cRGD Grafted siRNA Nano-constructs for Chemosensitization of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride in Lung Cancer Treatment. Pharm Res 2014; 32:806-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Leus NGJ, Morselt HWM, Zwiers PJ, Kowalski PS, Ruiters MHJ, Molema G, Kamps JAAM. VCAM-1 specific PEGylated SAINT-based lipoplexes deliver siRNA to activated endothelium in vivo but do not attenuate target gene expression. Int J Pharm 2014; 469:121-31. [PMID: 24746643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years much research in RNA nanotechnology has been directed to develop an efficient and clinically suitable delivery system for short interfering RNA (siRNA). The current study describes the in vivo siRNA delivery using PEGylated antibody-targeted SAINT-based-lipoplexes (referred to as antibody-SAINTPEGarg/PEG2%), which showed superior siRNA delivery capacity and effective down-regulation of VE-cadherin gene expression in vitro in inflammation-activated primary endothelial cells of different vascular origins. PEGylation of antibody-SAINTPEGarg resulted in more desirable pharmacokinetic behavior than that of non-PEGylated antibody-SAINTPEGarg. To create specificity for inflammation-activated endothelial cells, antibodies against vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were employed. In TNFα-challenged mice, these intravenously administered anti-VCAM-1-SAINTPEGarg/PEG2% homed to VCAM-1 protein expressing vasculature. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that anti-VCAM-1-SAINTPEGarg/PEG2% co-localized with endothelial cells in lung postcapillary venules. Furthermore, they did not exert any liver and kidney toxicity. Yet, lack of in vivo gene silencing as assessed in whole lung and in laser microdissected lung microvascular segments indicates that in vivo internalization and/or intracellular trafficking of the delivery system and its cargo in the target cells are not sufficient, and needs further attention, emphasizing the essence of evaluating siRNA delivery systems in an appropriate in vivo animal model at an early stage in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek G J Leus
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte W M Morselt
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Zwiers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H J Ruiters
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands; Synvolux Therapeutics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Tobinaga K, Li C, Takeo M, Matsuda M, Nagai H, Niidome T, Yamamoto T, Kishimura A, Mori T, Katayama Y. Rapid and serum-insensitive endocytotic delivery of proteins using biotinylated polymers attached via multivalent hydrophobic anchors. J Control Release 2014; 177:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Hsu CW, Liu S, Hsu E, Hollinger JO. Inhibition of rhBMP-2-induced ALP activity by intracellular delivery of SMURF1 in murine calvarial preosteoblast cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4037-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Shiguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Eric Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Jeffrey O. Hollinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213
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17
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Protein transfection study using multicellular tumor spheroids of human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82876. [PMID: 24349384 PMCID: PMC3857816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several protein transfection reagents are commercially available and are powerful tools for elucidating function of a protein in a cell. Here we described protein transfection studies of the commercially available reagents, Pro-DeliverIN, Xfect, and TuboFect, using Huh-7 multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) as a three-dimensional in vitro tumor model. A cellular uptake study using specific endocytosis inhibitors revealed that each reagent was internalized into Huh-7 MCTS by different mechanisms, which were the same as monolayer cultured Huh-7 cells. A certain amount of Pro-DeliverIN and Xfect was uptaken by Huh-7 cells through caveolae-mediated endocytosis, which may lead to transcytosis through the surface-first layered cells of MCTS. The results presented here will help in the choice and use of protein transfection reagents for evaluating anti-tumor therapeutic proteins against MCTS models.
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18
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Parvizi P, Jubeli E, Raju L, Khalique NA, Almeer A, Allam H, Manaa MA, Larsen H, Nicholson D, Pungente MD, Fyles TM. Aspects of nonviral gene therapy: correlation of molecular parameters with lipoplex structure and transfection efficacy in pyridinium-based cationic lipids. Int J Pharm 2013; 461:145-56. [PMID: 24296044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study seeks correlations between the molecular structures of cationic and neutral lipids, the lipid phase behavior of the mixed-lipid lipoplexes they form with plasmid DNA, and the transfection efficacy of the lipoplexes. Synthetic cationic pyridinium lipids were co-formulated (1:1) with the cationic lipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine (EPC), and these lipids were co-formulated (3:2) with the neutral lipids 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) or cholesterol. All lipoplex formulations exhibited plasmid DNA binding and a level of protection from DNase I degradation. Composition-dependent transfection (beta-galactosidase and GFP) and cytotoxicity was observed in Chinese hamster ovarian-K1 cells. The most active formulations containing the pyridinium lipids were less cytotoxic but of comparable activity to a Lipofectamine 2000™ control. Molecular structure parameters and partition coefficients were calculated for all lipids using fragment additive methods. The derived shape parameter values correctly correlated with observed hexagonal lipid phase behavior of lipoplexes as derived from small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. A transfection index applicable to hexagonal phase lipoplexes derived from calculated parameters of the lipid mixture (partition coefficient, shape parameter, lipoplex packing) produced a direct correlation with transfection efficiency.
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Key Words
- 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine
- 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine
- 3,5-bis((hexadec-15-en-1-yloxy)carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium
- 3,5-bis((hexadecyloxy)carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium
- AI
- CHO-K1
- CR
- Cationic lipids
- Chinese hamster ovarian (K1) cells
- Chol
- DNA transfer
- DOPE
- Di16:0
- Di16:1
- EPC
- GFP
- Gene therapy.
- HGS
- LDS
- LI
- Lipoplex formulation
- Pyridinium-based lipids
- QSAR
- Quantitative structure–activity relationship
- R
- S
- S(+), S(mix)
- SAXS
- Shape parameter
- TI
- V(C), V(lip), V(mix)
- a(0)
- amphipathic index
- charge ratio of cationic lipid N to anionic DNA P
- cholesterol
- critical chain length of the hydrocarbon portion of a lipid, overall length of the lipid including the head group
- f(lat), f(cyl)
- filling factors of the lattice and cylinder unit cell, see equation 6
- green fluorescent protein
- headgroup size
- l(c), l(lip)
- lipid head group area
- lipid shape parameter, see equation 2
- lipofection index, see equation 1
- lipophilic domain size
- logP(sub)
- molar amount of lipid in the experiment with respect to the unit cell
- mole weighted average value of S for cationic lipids or mixed lipids
- n(exp)
- n(lat), n(cyl)
- octanol-water partition coefficient, subscript indicates mole weighted average value of mixed lipids (mix), cationic lipids (+), or neutral lipids (0)
- optimum molar amount of a lipid to fill the unit cell of a hexagonal lattice or a cylinder outside of the volume occupied by DNA
- pDNA
- partial molar volume of the hydrocarbon portion of a lipid, the overall lipid molecule including a counterion if required, mole weighted average value of a mixture
- plasmid DNA
- ratio of cationic lipid to neutral lipid
- small-angle X-ray scattering
- transfection index computed according to equations 3 to 6
- β-gal
- β-galactosidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Parvizi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Emile Jubeli
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Liji Raju
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nada Abdul Khalique
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Almeer
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebatalla Allam
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryem Al Manaa
- Research Division, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helge Larsen
- Department of Physics, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - David Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael D Pungente
- Premedical Unit, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Thomas M Fyles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada
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19
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Leus NGJ, Talman EG, Ramana P, Kowalski PS, Woudenberg-Vrenken TE, Ruiters MHJ, Molema G, Kamps JAAM. Effective siRNA delivery to inflamed primary vascular endothelial cells by anti-E-selectin and anti-VCAM-1 PEGylated SAINT-based lipoplexes. Int J Pharm 2013; 459:40-50. [PMID: 24239833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium represents an attractive therapeutic target due to its pivotal role in many diseases including chronic inflammation and cancer. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specifically interfere with the expression of target genes and are considered an important new class of therapeutics. However, due to their size and charge, siRNAs do not spontaneously enter unperturbed endothelial cells (EC). To overcome this problem, we developed novel lipoplexes for siRNA delivery that are based on the cationic amphiphilic lipid SAINT-C18. Antibodies recognizing disease induced cell adhesion molecules were employed to create cell specificity resulting in so-called antibody-SAINTargs. To improve particle stability, antibody-SAINTargs were further optimized for EC-specific siRNA-mediated gene silencing by addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Although PEGylated antibody-SAINTargs maintained specificity, they lost their siRNA delivery capacity. Coupling of antibodies to the distal end of PEG (so-called antibody-SAINTPEGargs), resulted in anti-E-selectin- and anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1-SAINTPEGarg that preserved their antigen recognition and their capability to specifically deliver siRNA into inflammation-activated primary endothelial cells. The enhanced uptake of siRNA by antibody-SAINTPEGargs was followed by improved silencing of the target gene VE-cadherin, demonstrating that antibody-SAINTPEGargs were capable of functionally delivering siRNA into primary endothelial cells originating from different vascular beds. In conclusion, the newly developed, physicochemically stable, and EC-specific siRNA carrying antibody-SAINTPEGargs selectively down-regulate target genes in primary endothelial cells that are generally difficult to transfect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek G J Leus
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pranov Ramana
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr S Kowalski
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Titia E Woudenberg-Vrenken
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H J Ruiters
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, The Netherlands; Synvolux Therapeutics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grietje Molema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Medical Biology Section, Laboratory for Endothelial Biomedicine & Vascular Drug Targeting Research, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Grimm MOW, Zinser EG, Grösgen S, Hundsdörfer B, Rothhaar TL, Burg VK, Kaestner L, Bayer TA, Lipp P, Müller U, Grimm HS, Hartmann T. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) mediated regulation of ganglioside homeostasis linking Alzheimer's disease pathology with ganglioside metabolism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34095. [PMID: 22470521 PMCID: PMC3314703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are important players for controlling neuronal function and are directly involved in AD pathology. They are among the most potent stimulators of Aβ production, are enriched in amyloid plaques and bind amyloid beta (Aβ). However, the molecular mechanisms linking gangliosides with AD are unknown. Here we identified the previously unknown function of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), specifically its cleavage products Aβ and the APP intracellular domain (AICD), of regulating GD3-synthase (GD3S). Since GD3S is the key enzyme converting a- to b-series gangliosides, it therefore plays a major role in controlling the levels of major brain gangliosides. This regulation occurs by two separate and additive mechanisms. The first mechanism directly targets the enzymatic activity of GD3S: Upon binding of Aβ to the ganglioside GM3, the immediate substrate of the GD3S, enzymatic turnover of GM3 by GD3S was strongly reduced. The second mechanism targets GD3S expression. APP cleavage results, in addition to Aβ release, in the release of AICD, a known candidate for gene transcriptional regulation. AICD strongly down regulated GD3S transcription and knock-in of an AICD deletion mutant of APP in vivo, or knock-down of Fe65 in neuroblastoma cells, was sufficient to abrogate normal GD3S functionality. Equally, knock-out of the presenilin genes, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2, essential for Aβ and AICD production, or of APP itself, increased GD3S activity and expression and consequently resulted in a major shift of a- to b-series gangliosides. In addition to GD3S regulation by APP processing, gangliosides in turn altered APP cleavage. GM3 decreased, whereas the ganglioside GD3, the GD3S product, increased Aβ production, resulting in a regulatory feedback cycle, directly linking ganglioside metabolism with APP processing and Aβ generation. A central aspect of this homeostatic control is the reduction of GD3S activity via an Aβ-GM3 complex and AICD-mediated repression of GD3S transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O. W. Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- * E-mail: (MG); (TH)
| | - Eva G. Zinser
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sven Grösgen
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | | | - Verena K. Burg
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Molecular Cellbiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Department for Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Molecular Cellbiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ulrike Müller
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike S. Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für DemenzPrävention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- * E-mail: (MG); (TH)
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21
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Oba M, Tanaka M. Intracellular Internalization Mechanism of Protein Transfection Reagents. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1064-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Oba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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22
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Kowalski PS, Leus NGJ, Scherphof GL, Ruiters MHJ, Kamps JAAM, Molema G. Targeted siRNA delivery to diseased microvascular endothelial cells-Cellular and molecular concepts. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:648-58. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Coué G, Engbersen JFJ. Functionalized linear poly(amidoamine)s are efficient vectors for intracellular protein delivery. J Control Release 2011; 152:90-8. [PMID: 21277918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An effective intracellular protein delivery system was developed based on functionalized linear poly(amidoamine)s (PAAs) that form self-assembled cationic nanocomplexes with oppositely charged proteins. Three differently functionalized PAAs were synthesized, two of these having repetitive disulfide bonds in the main chain, by Michael-type polyaddition of 4-amino-1-butanol (ABOL) to cystamine bisacrylamide (CBA), histamine (HIS) to CBA, and ABOL to bis(acryloyl)piperazine (BAP). These water-soluble PAAs efficiently condense β-galactosidase by self-assembly into nanoscaled and positively-charged complexes. Stable under neutral extracellular conditions, the disulfide-containing nanocomplexes rapidly destabilized in a reductive intracellular environment. Cell-internalization and cytotoxicity experiments showed that the PAA-based nanocomplexes were essentially non-toxic. β-Galactosidase was successfully internalized into cells, with up to 94% of the cells showing β-galactosidase activity, whereas the enzyme alone was not taken up by the cells. The results indicate that these poly(amidoamine)s have excellent properties as highly potent and non-toxic intracellular protein carriers, which should create opportunities for novel applications in protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Coué
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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24
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Marschall ALJ, Frenzel A, Schirrmann T, Schüngel M, Dübel S. Targeting antibodies to the cytoplasm. MAbs 2011; 3:3-16. [PMID: 21099369 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.1.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of research consortia are now focused on generating antibodies and recombinant antibody fragments that target the human proteome. A particularly valuable application for these binding molecules would be their use inside a living cell, e.g., for imaging or functional intervention. Animal-derived antibodies must be brought into the cell through the membrane, whereas the availability of the antibody genes from phage display systems allows intracellular expression. Here, the various technologies to target intracellular proteins with antibodies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L J Marschall
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Braunschweig, Germany
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25
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Chiang WC, Geel TM, Altintas MM, Sever S, Ruiters MHJ, Reiser J. Establishment of protein delivery systems targeting podocytes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11837. [PMID: 20686602 PMCID: PMC2912276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podocytes are uniquely structured cells that are critical to the kidney filtration barrier. Their anatomic location on the outer side of the glomerular capillaries expose podocytes to large quantities of both plasma and urinary components and thus are reachable for drug delivery. Recent years have made clear that interference with podocyte-specific disease pathways can modulate glomerular function and influence severity and progression of glomerular disease. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we describe studies that show efficient transport of proteins into the mammalian cells mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and podocytes, utilizing an approach termed profection. We are using synthetic lipid structures that allow the safe packing of proteins or antibodies resulting in the subsequent delivery of protein into the cell. The uptake of lipid coated protein is facilitated by the intrinsic characteristic of cells such as podocytes to engulf particles that are physiologically retained in the extracellular matrix. Profection of the restriction enzyme MunI in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts caused an increase in DNA degradation. Moreover, purified proteins such as β-galactosidase and the large GTPase dynamin could be profected into podocytes using two different profection reagents with the success rate of 95–100%. The delivered β-galactosidase enzyme was properly folded and able to cleave its substrate X-gal in podocytes. Diseased podocytes are also potential recipients of protein cargo as we also delivered fluorophore labeled IgG into puromycin treated podocytes. We are currently optimizing our protocol for in vivo profection. Conclusions Protein transfer is developing as an exciting tool to study and target highly differentiated cells such as podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chih Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tessa M. Geel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehmet M. Altintas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sanja Sever
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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van der Gun BTF, Maluszynska-Hoffman M, Kiss A, Arendzen AJ, Ruiters MHJ, McLaughlin PMJ, Weinhold E, Rots MG. Targeted DNA methylation by a DNA methyltransferase coupled to a triple helix forming oligonucleotide to down-regulate the epithelial cell adhesion molecule. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1239-45. [PMID: 20593890 PMCID: PMC2907751 DOI: 10.1021/bc1000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a membrane glycoprotein that has been identified as a marker of cancer-initiating cells. EpCAM is highly expressed on most carcinomas, and transient silencing of EpCAM expression leads to reduced oncogenic potential. To silence the EpCAM gene in a persistent manner via targeted DNA methylation, a low activity mutant (C141S) of the CpG-specific DNA methyltransferase M.SssI was coupled to a triple-helix-forming oligonucleotide (TFO-C141S) specifically designed for the EpCAM gene. Reporter plasmids encoding the green fluorescent protein under control of different EpCAM promoter fragments were treated with the TFO-C141S conjugate to determine the specificity of targeted DNA methylation in the context of a functional EpCAM promoter. Treatment of the plasmids with TFO-C141S resulted in efficient and specific methylation of the targeted CpG located directly downstream of the triple helix forming site (TFS). No background DNA methylation was observed neither in a 700 bp region of the EpCAM promoter nor in a 400 bp region of the reporter gene downstream of the TFS. Methylation of the target CpG did not have a detectable effect on promoter activity. This study shows that the combination of a specific TFO and a reduced activity methyltransferase variant can be used to target DNA methylation to predetermined sites with high specificity, allowing determination of crucial CpGs for promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardina T F van der Gun
- Epigenetic Editing, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Creusat G, Rinaldi AS, Weiss E, Elbaghdadi R, Remy JS, Mulherkar R, Zuber G. Proton Sponge Trick for pH-Sensitive Disassembly of Polyethylenimine-Based siRNA Delivery Systems. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:994-1002. [DOI: 10.1021/bc100010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Creusat
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Anne-Sophie Rinaldi
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Etienne Weiss
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Rkia Elbaghdadi
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Jean-Serge Remy
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Rita Mulherkar
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Guy Zuber
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France, ESBS - FRE 3211, Immunobiotechnologie Bld., Sébastien Brant BP, 10413 F-67412 Illkirch, France, and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Ásgeirsdóttir SA, Talman EG, de Graaf IA, Kamps JA, Satchell SC, Mathieson PW, Ruiters MH, Molema G. Targeted transfection increases siRNA uptake and gene silencing of primary endothelial cells in vitro — A quantitative study. J Control Release 2010; 141:241-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Suh MS, Shim G, Lee HY, Han SE, Yu YH, Choi Y, Kim K, Kwon IC, Weon KY, Kim YB, Oh YK. Anionic amino acid-derived cationic lipid for siRNA delivery. J Control Release 2009; 140:268-76. [PMID: 19567256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Viable siRNA therapeutic strategies require the concurrent development of effective and safe delivery systems. Here, we described the synthesis of a new cationic lipid, N,N''-dioleylglutamide (DG), and evaluated DG-based liposomes as an siRNA delivery system. DG, an amino acid derivative, was synthesized by peptide bond linkage of oleylamine to each carboxylic acid group of glutamic acid. Gel retardation assays showed that DG-based cationic liposomes and siRNA began to form complexes from the N/P ratio of 1.8. The viability of A549, HeLa and WM266.4 cells was significantly higher after treatment with DG-based liposomes than with Lipofectamine 2000 and cationic 3beta-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol)-based liposomes. The DG-based cationic liposomes could effectively deliver a fluorescent model siRNA into A549, HeLa, and WM266.4 human cancer cell lines, showing at least 2-fold higher fluorescence mean intensity values than did Lipofectamine 2000. When survivin-specific siRNA was delivered to cells in lipoplexes, survivin mRNA levels were reduced by DG-based liposomes to the higher extent than Lipofectamine 2000 and DC-Chol-based liposomes. When red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing cells were treated with RFP-specific siRNA (siRFP), RFP expression significantly decreased in cells treated with DG-based liposomes. Molecular imaging revealed that intratumoral injection of siRFP and DG-based liposome complexes significantly reduced fluorescence in RFP-expressing tumor tissues in mice. These results suggest that DG-based cationic liposomes would be of value for cellular delivery and in vivo local delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Suh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seungbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Geel TM, Meiss G, van der Gun BT, Kroesen BJ, de Leij LF, Zaremba M, Silanskas A, Kokkinidis M, Pingoud A, Ruiters MH, McLaughlin PM, Rots MG. Endonucleases induced TRAIL-insensitive apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:2487-95. [PMID: 19540229 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TRAIL induced apoptosis of tumor cells is currently entering phase II clinical settings, despite the fact that not all tumor types are sensitive to TRAIL. TRAIL resistance in ovarian carcinomas can be caused by a blockade upstream of the caspase 3 signaling cascade. We explored the ability of restriction endonucleases to directly digest DNA in vivo, thereby circumventing the caspase cascade. For this purpose, we delivered enzymatically active endonucleases via the cationic amphiphilic lipid SAINT-18((R)):DOPE to both TRAIL-sensitive and insensitive ovarian carcinoma cells (OVCAR and SKOV-3, respectively). Functional nuclear localization after delivery of various endonucleases (BfiI, PvuII and NucA) was indicated by confocal microscopy and genomic cleavage analysis. For PvuII, analysis of mitochondrial damage demonstrated extensive apoptosis both in SKOV-3 and OVCAR. This study clearly demonstrates that cellular delivery of restriction endonucleases holds promise to serve as a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of resistant ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa M Geel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Sanchez-Martin RM, Alexander L, Muzerelle M, Cardenas-Maestre JM, Tsakiridis A, Brickman JM, Bradley M. Microsphere-mediated protein delivery into cells. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1453-6. [PMID: 19444829 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDelivering the goods: By coupling proteins to varyingly sized polymeric microspheres, it is possible to deliver them to cells in an easy and effective way. For this study a fluorescent protein (EGFP) and a functional enzyme (β‐galactosidase) were coupled to these particles. Evaluation of the cellular uptake after “beadfection” shows that the functionality and activity of these proteins were not adversely affected through coupling to the carrier system; this shows that their functional structure is retained.magnified image
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario M Sanchez-Martin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Biology Section, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH93JJ, UK
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