1
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Pontes AP, van der Wal S, Roelofs K, Grobbink A, Creemers LB, Engbersen JFJ, Rip J. A poly(amidoamine)-based polymeric nanoparticle platform for efficient in vivo delivery of mRNA. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 156:213713. [PMID: 38071770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The successful use of mRNA vaccines enabled and accelerated the development of several new vaccine candidates and therapeutics based on the delivery of mRNA. In this study, we developed bioreducible poly(amidoamine)-based polymeric nanoparticles (PAA PNPs) for the delivery of mRNA with improved transfection efficiency. The polymers were functionalized with chloroquinoline (Q) moieties for improved endosomal escape and further stabilization of the mRNA-polymer construct. Moreover, these PAAQ polymers were covalently assembled around a core of multi-armed ethylenediamine (Mw 800, 2 % w/w) to form a pre-organized polymeric scaffolded PAAQ (ps-PAAQ) as a precursor for the formation of the mRNA-loaded nanoparticles. Transfection of mammalian cell lines with EGFP mRNA loaded into these PNPs showed a favorable effect of the Q incorporation on GFP protein expression. Additionally, these ps-PAAQ NPs were co-formulated with PEG-polymer coatings to shield the positive surface charge for increased stability and better in vivo applicability. The ps-PAAQ NPs coated with PEG-polymer displayed smaller particle size, electroneutral surface charge, and higher thermal stability. Importantly, these nanoparticles with both Q and PEG-polymer coating induced significantly higher luciferase activity in mice muscle than uncoated ps-PAAQ NPs, following intramuscular injection of PNPs loaded with luciferase mRNA. The developed technology is broadly applicable and holds promise for the development of new nucleotide-based vaccines and therapeutics in a range of infectious and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano P Pontes
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karin Roelofs
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Grobbink
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan F J Engbersen
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands; Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Rip
- 20Med Therapeutics B.V., Galileiweg 8, 2333 BD Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Pinto IS, Cordeiro RA, Faneca H. Polymer- and lipid-based gene delivery technology for CAR T cell therapy. J Control Release 2023; 353:196-215. [PMID: 36423871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T cell) therapy is a revolutionary approach approved by the FDA and EMA to treat B cell malignancies and multiple myeloma. The production of these T cells has been done through viral vectors, which come with safety concerns, high cost and production challenges, and more recently also through electroporation, which can be extremely cytotoxic. In this context, nanosystems can constitute an alternative to overcome the challenges associated with current methods, resulting in a safe and cost-effective platform. However, the barriers associated with T cells transfection show that the design and engineering of novel approaches in this field are highly imperative. Here, we present an overview from CAR constitution to transfection technologies used in T cells, highlighting the lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles as a potential delivery platform. Specifically, we provide examples, strengths and weaknesses of nanosystem formulations, and advances in nanoparticle design to improve transfection of T cells. This review will guide the researchers in the design and development of novel nanosystems for next-generation CAR T therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês S Pinto
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agra do Castro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosemeyre A Cordeiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Faneca
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão - Pólo II, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal.
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3
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Hadjichristidis N. Poly(amino ester)s as an emerging synthetic biodegradable polymer platform: Recent developments and future trends. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Elzes MR, Mertens I, Sedlacek O, Verbraeken B, Doensen ACA, Mees MA, Glassner M, Jana S, Paulusse JMJ, Hoogenboom R. Linear Poly(ethylenimine-propylenimine) Random Copolymers for Gene Delivery: From Polymer Synthesis to Efficient Transfection with High Serum Tolerance. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2459-2470. [PMID: 35499242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring oligoamines, such as spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, are well-known regulators of gene expression. These oligoamines frequently have short alkyl spacers with varying lengths between the amines. Linear polyethylenimine (PEI) is a polyamine that has been widely applied as a gene vector, with various formulations currently in clinical trials. In order to emulate natural oligoamine gene regulators, linear random copolymers containing both PEI and polypropylenimine (PPI) repeat units were designed as novel gene delivery agents. In general, statistical copolymerization of 2-oxazolines and 2-oxazines leads to the formation of gradient copolymers. In this study, however, we describe for the first time the synthesis of near-ideal random 2-oxazoline/2-oxazine copolymers through careful tuning of the monomer structures and reactivity as well as polymerization conditions. These copolymers were then transformed into near-random PEI-PPI copolymers by controlled side-chain hydrolysis. The prepared PEI-PPI copolymers formed stable polyplexes with GFP-encoding plasmid DNA, as validated by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of polyplexes were evaluated in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. While the polymer chain length did not significantly increase the toxicity, a higher PPI content was associated with increased toxicity and also lowered the amount of polymers needed to achieve efficient transfection. The transfection efficiency was significantly influenced by the degree of polymerization of PEI-PPI, whereby longer polymers resulted in more transfected cells. Copolymers with 60% or lower PPI content exhibited a good balance between high plasmid-DNA transfection efficiency and low toxicity. Interestingly, these novel PEI-PPI copolymers revealed exceptional serum tolerance, whereby transfection efficiencies of up to 53% of transfected cells were achieved even under 50% serum conditions. These copolymers, especially PEI-PPI with DP500 and a 1:1 PEI/PPI ratio, were identified as promising transfection agents for plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rachèl Elzes
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ine Mertens
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aniek C A Doensen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.,Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten A Mees
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Glassner
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Somdeb Jana
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Liu J, Bao X, Kolesnik I, Jia B, Yu Z, Xing C, Huang J, Gu T, Shao X, Kletskov A, Kritchenkov AS, Potkin V, Li W. Enhancing the in vivo stability of polyanion gene carriers by using PEGylated hyaluronic acid as a shielding system. BIO INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2021-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase the in vivo stability of cationic gene carriers and avoid the adverse effects of their positive charge, we synthesized a new shielding material by conjugating low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a hyaluronic acid (HA) core. The HA-PEG conjugate assembled with the positively charged complex, forming a protective layer through electrostatic interactions. DNA/polyetherimide/HA-PEG (DNA/PEI/HA-PEG) nanoparticles had higher stability than both DNA/polyethyleneimine (DNA/PEI) and DNA/PEI/HA complexes. Furthermore, DNA/PEI/HA-PEG nanoparticles also showed a diminished nonspecific response toward serum proteins in vivo. The in vivo transfection efficiency was also enhanced by the low cytotoxicity and the improved stability; therefore, this material might be promising for use in gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Liu
- 1Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoli Bao
- 2Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Irina Kolesnik
- 3Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganov Str., 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Boyan Jia
- 1Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Zihan Yu
- 4School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Caiyun Xing
- 4School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- 4School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- 4School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaotong Shao
- 5School of Medical Laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Alexey Kletskov
- 6Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Andreii S. Kritchenkov
- 6Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Potkin
- 3Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 13 Surganov Str., 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Wenliang Li
- 1Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China; 4School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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6
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Guven MN, Balaban B, Demirci G, Yagci Acar H, Okay O, Avci D. Bisphosphonate-functionalized poly(amido amine) crosslinked 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogel as tissue engineering scaffold. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Pafiti KS, Kepola EJ, Vlasiou MC, Yamasaki EN, Patrickios CS, Mastroyiannopoulos NP, Phylactou LA, Théato P. Oligo(ethylene imine)‐grafted glycidyl methacrylate linear and star homopolymers:
Odd–even
correlated transfection efficiency. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki S. Pafiti
- School of Sciences and Engineering University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | | | - Edna N. Yamasaki
- School of Sciences and Engineering University of Nicosia Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | | | - Leonidas A. Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function & Therapy Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Patrick Théato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP) Karlsruhe Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory Institute for Biological Interfaces III, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
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8
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Dutta K, Das R, Medeiros J, Thayumanavan S. Disulfide Bridging Strategies in Viral and Nonviral Platforms for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Biochemistry 2021; 60:966-990. [PMID: 33428850 PMCID: PMC8753971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanostructures that are sensitive to environmental stimuli are promising nanomaterials for drug delivery. In this class, disulfide-containing redox-sensitive strategies have gained enormous attention because of their wide applicability and simplicity of nanoparticle design. In the context of nucleic acid delivery, numerous disulfide-based materials have been designed by relying on covalent or noncovalent interactions. In this review, we highlight major advances in the design of disulfide-containing materials for nucleic acid encapsulation, including covalent nucleic acid conjugates, viral vectors or virus-like particles, dendrimers, peptides, polymers, lipids, hydrogels, inorganic nanoparticles, and nucleic acid nanostructures. Our discussion will focus on the context of the design of materials and their impact on addressing the current shortcomings in the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ritam Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jewel Medeiros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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9
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Design of PAMAM grafted chitosan dendrimers biosorbent for removal of anionic dyes: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:306-316. [PMID: 33621567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PAMAM grafted chitosan as biocompatible adsorbent was synthesized through Michael addition of methyl acrylate followed by amidation of ethylenediamine on the chitosan backbone. Then, the adsorption capacity of bioadsorbents were assessed by employing two anionic dyes. The adsorption experiments were carried out using a batch adsorption system. The influence of various operational variables such as different PAMAM generations, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) were investigated. The adsorbent consists of second generation of PAMAM (CS-PAMAM G2) demonstrated high removal efficiency for both dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity of CS-PAMAM G2 for Congo Red at certain operational conditions was 559.3 mg/g; while the maximum adsorption capacity for Amido Black 10B at certain operational conditions was 489.8 mg/g; which revealed endothermic and exothermic nature of adsorption process for Congo Red and Amido Black 10B, respectively. These results were then well confirmed by thermodynamics studies. Also, kinetic studies showed that the dye adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, among various applied isotherms, the experimental data were well-fitted by Sips model. Consequently, CS-PAMAM G2 showed superior potential for the removal of dyes from aqueous phase.
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10
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Gurnani P, Blakney AK, Yeow J, Bouton CR, Shattock RJ, Stevens MM, Alexander C. An improved synthesis of poly(amidoamine)s for complexation with self-amplifying RNA and effective transfection. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aza-Michael addition to synthesise poly(amidoamines) was optimised to minimise appearance of bimodal molecular weight distributions caused by a radical-branching side-reaction. This significantly improved cellular delivery of a model self-amplifying RNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - Anna K. Blakney
- Department of Infectious Disease
- Imperial College London
- School of Medicine
- St Mary's Hospital
- London W2 1NY
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Department of Materials and the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London
- SW7 2AZ London
- UK
| | - Clément R. Bouton
- Department of Infectious Disease
- Imperial College London
- School of Medicine
- St Mary's Hospital
- London W2 1NY
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department of Infectious Disease
- Imperial College London
- School of Medicine
- St Mary's Hospital
- London W2 1NY
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials and the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London
- SW7 2AZ London
- UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
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11
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Liu H, Yang Z, Xun Z, Gao Z, Sun Y, Yu J, Yang T, Zhao X, Cai C, Ding P. Nuclear delivery of plasmid DNA determines the efficiency of gene expression. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:789-798. [PMID: 31042002 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As a cationic non-viral gene delivery vector, poly(agmatine/ N, N'-cystamine-bis-acrylamide) (AGM-CBA) showed significantly higher plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection ability than polyethylenimine (PEI) in NIH/3T3 cells. The transfection expression of AGM-CBA/pDNA polyplexes was found to have a non-linear relationship with AGM-CBA/pDNA weight ratios. To further investigate the mechanism involved in the transfection process of poly(AGM-CBA), we used pGL3-control luciferase reporter gene (pLUC) as a reporter pDNA in this study. The distribution of pLUC in NIH/3T3 cells and nuclei after AGM-CBA/pLUC and PEI/pLUC transfection were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The intracellular trafficking of the polyplexes was evaluated by cellular uptake and nuclei delivery of pLUC, and the intracellular availability was evaluated by the ratio of transfection expression to the numbers of pLUC delivered in nuclei. It was found that pLUC intracellular trafficking did not have any correlation with the transfection expression, while an excellent correlation was found between the nuclei pLUC availability and transfection expression. These results suggested that the intracellular availability of pLUC in nuclei was the rate-limiting step for pLUC transfection expression. Further optimization of the non-viral gene delivery system can be focused on the improvement of gene intracellular availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Research and development Center, CR Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Zhe Xun
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zihao Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME, 04401, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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12
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Xiao Y, Shi K, Qu Y, Chu B, Qian Z. Engineering Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics in Tumor. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 12:1-18. [PMID: 30364598 PMCID: PMC6197778 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past 10 years, with the increase of investment in clinical nano-gene therapy, there are many trials that have been discontinued due to poor efficacy and serious side effects. Therefore, it is particularly important to design a suitable gene delivery system. In this paper, we introduce the application of liposomes, polymers, and inorganics in gene delivery; also, different modifications with some stimuli-responsive systems can effectively improve the efficiency of gene delivery and reduce cytotoxicity and other side effects. Besides, the co-delivery of chemotherapy drugs with a drug tolerance-related gene or oncogene provides a better theoretical basis for clinical cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingyang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
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13
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Synthesis of Bioreducible Polycations with Controlled Topologies. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30838607 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9092-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Bioreducible polycations, which possess disulfide linkages in the backbone, have emerged as promising nucleic acid delivery carriers due to their high stability in extracellular physiological condition and bioreduction-triggered release of the genetic material. Further benefits of bioreducible polycations include decreased cytotoxicity due to intracellular reducing environment in the cytoplasm that contains high levels of reducing molecules such as glutathione. Here, we describe the synthesis of bioreducible polycations with emphasis on methods to control their topology.
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14
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Chen H, You S, Cai Q, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Shen J, Yin M. Design and synthesis of a fluorescent amino poly(glycidyl methacrylate) for efficient gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1875-1881. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02968g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent amino poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGOHMA) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and post-polymerization. PGOHMA has low cytotoxicity and high DNA delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- BAIC-SM
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Shusen You
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- BAIC-SM
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- BAIC-SM
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University
- 100193 Beijing
- China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- BAIC-SM
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University
- 100193 Beijing
- China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- BAIC-SM
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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15
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Wang Y, Ma B, Abdeen AA, Chen G, Xie R, Saha K, Gong S. Versatile Redox-Responsive Polyplexes for the Delivery of Plasmid DNA, Messenger RNA, and CRISPR-Cas9 Genome-Editing Machinery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31915-31927. [PMID: 30222305 PMCID: PMC6530788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of many diseases, but clinical translation of gene therapies has been slowed down by the lack of safe and efficient gene delivery systems. Here, we report two versatile redox-responsive polyplexes (i.e., cross-linked and non-crosslinked) capable of efficiently delivering a variety of negatively charged payloads including plasmid DNA (DNA), messenger RNA, Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and RNP-donor DNA complexes (S1mplex) without any detectable cytotoxicity. The key component of both types of polyplexes is a cationic poly( N, N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine- co-triethylenetetramine) polymer [a type of poly( N, N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine-poly(aminoalkyl)) (PBAP) polymer] containing disulfide bonds in the backbone and bearing imidazole groups. This composition enables efficient encapsulation, cellular uptake, controlled endo/lysosomal escape, and cytosolic unpacking of negatively charged payloads. To further enhance the stability of non-crosslinked PBAP polyplexes, adamantane (AD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were conjugated to the PBAP-based polymers. The cross-linked PBAP polyplexes formed by host-guest interaction between β-CD and AD were more stable than non-crosslinked PBAP polyplexes in the presence of polyanionic polymers such as serum albumin, suggesting enhanced stability in physiological conditions. Both cross-linked and non-crosslinked polyplexes demonstrated either similar or better transfection and genome-editing efficiencies, and significantly better biocompatibility than Lipofectamine 2000, a commercially available state-of-the-art transfection agent that exhibits cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ben Ma
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- The Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Amr A. Abdeen
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ruosen Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Krishanu Saha
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Corresponding authors. ;
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16
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Wang GH, Chen H, Cai YY, Li L, Yang HK, Li Q, He ZJ, Lin JT. Efficient gene vector with size changeable and nucleus targeting in cancer therapy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:568-575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Xie L, Ding X, Budry R, Mao G. Layer-by-layer DNA films incorporating highly transfecting bioreducible poly(amido amine) and polyethylenimine for sequential gene delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4943-4960. [PMID: 30214199 PMCID: PMC6124456 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s162353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method offers a molecular level control of the amount and spatial distribution of bioactive molecules. However, successful clinical translation of LbL film technology will most certainly require a better understanding and control of not only the film assembly process, but also film disassembly kinetics in physiologic conditions. Purpose This work focuses on the understanding and control of degradation properties of LbL films for localized gene delivery. Methods Bioreducible poly(amido amine)s (PAAs) containing cystaminebisacrylamide (CBA), methylenebisacrylamide, and 5-amino-1-pentanol (APOL) were synthesized by Michael addition polymerization for the construction of bioreducible LbL films capable of sequential gene delivery. Results The synthesized PAAs were screened for desirable buffering capacity, cell transfection, and cytotoxicity characteristics together with 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (PEI) and cross-linked 800 Da PEI. By screening the various polycations we were able to identify a copolymer of CBA and APOL for the subsequent construction of the LbL films. By incorporating a highly transfecting polycation and a nondiffusing polycation we were able to improve the overall transfection of HEK293 and MC3T3 cells from the bioreducible LbL films. We also demonstrated the dual-stage release and transfection of two different DNAs from the LbL films. Conclusion The results indicate that LbL films consisting of bioreducible PAAs and non-diffusing polyelectrolytes have excellent degradation properties for the development of LbL coating technology for localized gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,
| | - Xiong Ding
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,
| | - Rachel Budry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA,
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18
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Sahoo S, Bera S, Maiti S, Dhara D. Temperature- and Composition-Dependent DNA Condensation by Thermosensitive Block Copolymers. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7946-7958. [PMID: 30023568 PMCID: PMC6045361 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful intracellular delivery of genes requires an efficient carrier, as genes by themselves cannot diffuse across cell membranes. Because of the toxicity and immunogenicity of viral vectors, nonviral vectors are gaining tremendous interest in research. In this work, we have investigated the temperature-dependent DNA condensation efficiency of various compositions of a thermosensitive block copolymer viz., poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PNIPA-b-PDMAEMA). Three different copolymer compositions of varying molecular weights were successfully synthesized via the RAFT polymerization technique. Steady-state fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements, agarose gel electrophoresis, and atomic force microscopy techniques were utilized to study the interaction of the copolymers with DNA at temperatures above and below the critical aggregation temperature (CAT). All these experiments revealed that, above the CAT, there was formation of highly stable and tight polymer-DNA complexes (polyplexes). The size of polyplexes was dependent on the temperature up to a certain charge ratio, as determined by the DLS results. The results obtained from temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy, CD, and gel electrophoresis indicated that the DNA molecules were shielded more from aqueous exposure above the CAT because of the formation of relatively more compact complexes. The polyplexes also exhibited changes in the particle morphology below and above the CAT, with particles generated above CAT being more spherical in morphology. These results suggested at the possibility of modulating the complex formation by temperature modification. The present biophysical studies would provide new physical insight into the design of novel gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dibakar Dhara
- E-mail: , . Phone: +91-3222-282326. Fax: +91-3222-282252 (D.D.)
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19
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Farshbaf M, Davaran S, Zarebkohan A, Annabi N, Akbarzadeh A, Salehi R. Significant role of cationic polymers in drug delivery systems. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1872-1891. [PMID: 29103306 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1395344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are characterized as the macromolecules that possess positive charges, which can be either inherently in the polymer side chains and/or its backbone. Based on their origins, cationic polymers are divided in two category including natural and synthetic, in which the possessed positive charges are as result of primary, secondary or tertiary amine functional groups that could be protonated in particular situations. Cationic polymers have been employed commonly as drug delivery agents due to their superior encapsulation efficacy, enhanced bioavailability, low toxicity and improved release profile. In this paper, we focus on the most prominent examples of cationic polymers which have been revealed to be applicable in drug delivery systems and we also discuss their general synthesis and surface modification methods as well as their controlled release profile in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Farshbaf
- a Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science , Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- b Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology , Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- a Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science , Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Nasim Annabi
- c Biomaterials Innovation Research Centre , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Cambridge , MA , USA.,d Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA.,e Department of Chemical Engineering , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- a Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science , Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- f Drug Applied Research Centre and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science , Tabriz University of Medical Science , Tabriz , Iran
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20
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Yang Z, Sun Y, Xian L, Xun Z, Yu J, Yang T, Zhao X, Cai C, Wang D, Ding P. Disulfide‐bond‐containing agamatine‐cystaminebisacrylamide polymer demonstrates better transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than polyethylenimine in NIH/3T3 cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1767-1779. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Lei Xian
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhe Xun
- Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug DevelopmentChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jiankun Yu
- Department of Ion Channel PharmacologySchool of PharmacyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of PharmacyHusson UniversityBangorMaine
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell BiologySchool of Life Science and BiopharmaceuticsShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Dongkai Wang
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of PharmacyShenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyangChina
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21
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Limiting the level of tertiary amines on polyamines leads to biocompatible nucleic acid vectors. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:106-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Small nanosized poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride) based polyplexes for siRNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:388-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Ho HT, Bohec ML, Frémaux J, Piogé S, Casse N, Fontaine L, Pascual S. Tuning the Molar Composition of "Charge-Shifting" Cationic Copolymers Based on 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)Ethyl Acrylate and 2-(tert-Boc-Amino)Ethyl Acrylate. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28045212 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Copolymers of 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DMAEA) and 2-(tert-Boc-amino)ethyl acrylate (tBocAEA) are synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in a controlled manner with defined molar masses and narrow molar masses distributions (Ð ≤ 1.17). Molar compositions of the P(DMAEA-co-tBocAEA) copolymers are assessed by means of 1 H NMR. A complete screening in molar composition is studied from 0% of DMAEA to 100% of DMAEA. Reactivity ratios of both comonomers are determined by the extended Kelen-Tüdos method (r DMAEA = 0.81 and rtBocAEA = 0.99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien The Ho
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Maël Le Bohec
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Julien Frémaux
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Sandie Piogé
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Casse
- Mer, Molécules et Santé, EA 2160 - Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS - Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans Cedex, France
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Yu J, Zhang J, Xing H, Sun Y, Yang Z, Yang T, Cai C, Zhao X, Yang L, Ding P. Novel guanidinylated bioresponsive poly(amidoamine)s designed for short hairpin RNA delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6651-6666. [PMID: 27994462 PMCID: PMC5154728 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different disulfide (SS)-containing poly(amidoamine) (PAA) polymers were constructed using guanidino (Gua)-containing monomers (ie, arginine [Arg] and agmatine [Agm]) and N,N′-cystamine bisacrylamide (CBA) by Michael-addition polymerization. In order to characterize these two Gua-SS-PAA polymers and investigate their potentials as short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-delivery carriers, pSilencer 4.1-CMV FANCF shRNA was chosen as a model plasmid DNA to form complexes with these two polymers. The Gua-SS-PAAs and plasmid DNA complexes were determined with particle sizes less than 90 nm and positive ζ-potentials under 20 mV at nucleic acid:polymer weight ratios lower than 1:24. Bioresponsive release of plasmid DNA was observed from both newly constructed complexes. Significantly lower cytotoxicity was observed for both polymer complexes compared with polyethylenimine and Lipofectamine 2000, two widely used transfection reagents as reference carriers. Arg-CBA showed higher transfection efficiency and gene-silencing efficiency in MCF7 cells than Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. In addition, the cellular uptake of Arg-CBA in MCF7 cells was found to be higher and faster than Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. Similarly, plasmid DNA transport into the nucleus mediated by Arg-CBA was more than that by Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. The study suggested that guanidine and carboxyl introduced into Gua-SS-PAAs polymers resulted in a better nuclear localization effect, which played a key role in the observed enhancement of transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. Overall, two newly synthesized Gua-SS-PAAs polymers demonstrated great potential to be used as shRNA carriers for gene-therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haonan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Husson University, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Disulfide-functional poly(amido amine)s with tunable degradability for gene delivery. J Control Release 2016; 244:357-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Kanber E, Yamada H, Loretz B, Lepeltier E, Lehr CM. Design of Polyamine-Grafted Starches for Nucleotide Analogue Delivery: In Vitro Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2431-2440. [PMID: 27633934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide analogues are a therapeutic class that is very promising and currently used in clinics, notably against viral infectious diseases and cancer. However, their therapeutic potential is often restricted by a poor stability in vivo, the induction of severe side effects, and limited passive intracellular diffusion due to their hydrophilicity. Polysaccharide-based polymers (e.g., starch) have considerable advantages, including a lack of toxicity and the absence of antigenicity. The aim of this study was to develop new cationic starches able to form complexes with nucleotide analogues, thus protecting them and increasing their cell uptake. At the same time, the material should demonstrate good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Different polyamines, (TREN, TEPA, and spermine) were grafted to starch to evaluate the impact of side-chain properties. The resulting cationic starch derivatives were characterized (e.g., degree of modification) and compared in their ability to form polyplexes with ATP as a model nucleotide. Among the tested candidates, the formulation of starch-TEPA and ATP with an N/P ratio of 2 led to nanoparticles with a size of 429 nm, a PdI of 0.054, and a ζ potential of -9 mV. MTT and LDH assays on A549 cell line showed low toxicity for this polymer. Confocal microscopy study proved that the cell internalization was an incubation-time- and energy-dependent process. Most important, starch-TEPA complexed with ddGTP showed significant biological activity on A549 cancer cells compared to that of plain ddGTP at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Kanber
- Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hiroe Yamada
- Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- INSERM U1066 Micro & Nanomed Biomimetique , 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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27
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Sun Y, Xian L, Yu J, Yang T, Zhang J, Yang Z, Jiang J, Cai C, Zhao X, Yang L, Ding P. Structure-Function Correlations of Poly(Amido Amine)s for Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Lei Xian
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Husson University; Bangor ME 04401-2929 USA
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jingzheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology; School of life Science and Biopharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
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28
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Yu J, Zhang J, Xing H, Yang Z, Cai C, Zhang C, Zhao X, Wei M, Yang L, Ding P. Guanidinylated bioresponsive poly(amido amine)s designed for intranuclear gene delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4011-24. [PMID: 27574429 PMCID: PMC4993266 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinylated poly(amido amine)s with multiple disulfide linkages (Gua-SS-PAAs) were designed and constructed as nonviral gene carriers. The main chains of these novel carriers were synthesized based on monomers containing guanidino groups (guanidine hydrochloride and chlorhexidine), which could avoid complicated side-chain-modification reactions while introducing the guanidino groups. The synthesized Gua-SS-PAAs polymers were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, molecular weight, and polydispersity. Furthermore, Gua-SS-PAAs polymers were complexed with pDNA, and the properties of the complexes were determined, including entrapment efficiency, particle size, ζ-potential, atomic force microscopy images, stability, DNA complexation ability, reduction sensitivity, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency. The new Gua-SS-PAAs carriers exhibited higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared with two widely used gene delivery carriers, polyethylenimine and lipofectamine 2000. Furthermore, the relationship between the side-chain structure and morphological/biological properties was extrapolated, and the results showed that guanidine in the side chain aids in the improvement of transfection efficiency. In addition, the introduction of guanidino group might confer the new carriers with nuclear localization function compared to carriers without it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Haonan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Conglu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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29
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Beckert L, Kostka L, Kessel E, Krhac Levacic A, Kostkova H, Etrych T, Lächelt U, Wagner E. Acid-labile pHPMA modification of four-arm oligoaminoamide pDNA polyplexes balances shielding and gene transfer activity in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 105:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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31
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Shahbazi R, Ozpolat B, Ulubayram K. Oligonucleotide-based theranostic nanoparticles in cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1287-308. [PMID: 27102380 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic approaches, combining the functionality of both therapy and imaging, have shown potential in cancer nanomedicine. Oligonucleotides such as small interfering RNA and microRNA, which are powerful therapeutic agents, have been effectively employed in theranostic systems against various cancers. Nanoparticles are used to deliver oligonucleotides into tumors by passive or active targeting while protecting the oligonucleotides from nucleases in the extracellular environment. The use of quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles and tagging with contrast agents, like fluorescent dyes, optical or magnetic agents and various radioisotopes, has facilitated early detection of tumors and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. In this article, we review the advantages of theranostic applications in cancer therapy and imaging, with special attention to oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shahbazi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey
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32
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Lai WF, Shum HC. A stimuli-responsive nanoparticulate system using poly(ethylenimine)-graft-polysorbate for controlled protein release. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:517-528. [PMID: 26676890 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins have emerged as an important class of therapeutic agents due to their high specificity in their physiological actions. Over the years, diverse protein carriers have been developed; however, some concerns, such as the relatively low loading efficiency and release sustainability, have limited the efficiency of protein delivery. This study reports the use of hydrogel nanoparticles based on a novel copolymer, poly(ethylenimine)-graft-polysorbate (PEIP), as effective protein carriers. The copolymer is fabricated by grafting poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with polysorbate 20 using carbonyldiimidazole chemistry. Its cytotoxicity is much lower than that of unmodified PEI in RGC5 and HEK293 cells. In comparison with nanoparticles formed by unmodified PEI, our nanoparticles are not only more efficient in cellular internalization, as indicated by the 5- to 6-fold reduction in the time they take to cause 90% of cells to exhibit intracellular fluorescence, but also give a protein loading efficiency as high as 70-90%. These, together with the salt-responsiveness of the nanoparticles in protein release and the retention of the activity of the loaded protein, suggest that PEIP and its hydrogel nanoparticles warrant further development as protein carriers for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. and HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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33
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Pofali PA, Singh B, Dandekar P, Jain RD, Maharjan S, Choi YJ, Arote RB, Cho CS. Drug-conjugated polymers as gene carriers for synergistic therapeutic effect. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:698-711. [PMID: 26471335 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to safely and effectively transfer gene into cells is the fundamental goal of gene delivery. In spite of the best efforts of researchers around the world, gene therapy has limited success. This may be because of several limitations of delivering gene which is one of the greatest technical challenges in the modern medicine. To address these issues, many efforts have been made to bind drugs and genes together by polymers for co-delivery to achieve synergistic effect. Usually, binding interaction of drugs with polymers is either physical or chemical. In case of drug-polymer physical interaction, the efficiency of drugs generally decreases because of separation of drugs from polymers in vivo whenever it comes in contact with charged biofluid/s or cells. While chemical interaction of drug-polymer overcomes the aforementioned obstacle, several problems such as steric hindrance, solubility, and biodegradability hinder it to develop as gene carrier. Considering these benefits and pitfalls, the objective of this review is to discuss the possible extent of drug-conjugated polymers as safe and efficient gene delivery carriers for achieving synergistic effect to combat various genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Pofali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400-019, India.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - B Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400-019, India
| | - R D Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400-019, India
| | - S Maharjan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - R B Arote
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea
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34
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Rata-Aguilar A, Segovia-Ramos N, Jódar-Reyes AB, Ramos-Pérez V, Borrós S, Martín-Rodríguez A, Ortega-Vinuesa JL. Complexation and release of DNA in polyplexes formed with reducible linear poly(β-amino esters). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 133:339-46. [PMID: 26125487 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Designing nanocarriers for gene delivery is a multidisciplinary challenge that involves not only DNA condensation with biocompatible polymers, but also DNA-release processes. Once the genetic material is introduced into the cell, the rupture of degradable bonds permits the unpacking and release of the load. In this work, a dual-degradable polycation - composed by a linear poly(β-amino ester) chain in which ester and disulfide bonds coexist - has been used to condense a DNA plasmid. The goal was to reinforce the spontaneous hydrolysis of the ester groups with the intracellular break-up of the disulfide bonds, since these reducible bonds are degraded in the reductive intracellular environment. For a comparative study, two poly(β-amino ester) molecules differing only in the presence (or absence) of some SS bonds have been tested. DNA condensation, physico-chemical characterization of the polyplexes formed, and degradation studies have been carried out at pH 5 and pH 7. The acidic conditions gave the best nanoparticles, due to a better solubilization of both polymers and to a higher stability of the ester bonds. Despite the synthesis and storage of polyplexes were much more appropriate at pH 5, transfection efficiency in HeLa cells was similar irrespective the original pH used. Only in those polyplexes formed at low polymer:DNA ratios (i.e. 5 and 10 (w/w)) was transfection more effective when the plasmid was condensed at an acidic pH. With regard to the DNA-release efficiency in the intracellular medium, degradation of the polymers was practically governed by the rapid hydrolysis of the ester groups, this spontaneous and rapid process masking, unfortunately, any potential contribution associated with the breakup of the disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Rata-Aguilar
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Nathaly Segovia-Ramos
- Group of Material Engineering GEMAT-IQS, University of Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Jódar-Reyes
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor Ramos-Pérez
- Group of Material Engineering GEMAT-IQS, University of Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Group of Material Engineering GEMAT-IQS, University of Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín-Rodríguez
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Ortega-Vinuesa
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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35
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Hujaya SD, Engbersen JFJ, Paulusse JMJ. Multilayered thin films from poly(amido amine)s and DNA. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:19-31. [PMID: 25931019 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dip-coated multilayered thin films of poly(amido amine)s (PAAs) and DNA have been developed to provide surfaces with cell-transfecting capabilities. Three types of PAAs, differing in side chain functional groups, were synthesized and characterized for their properties in forming multilayered structures with ultrasonicated calf thymus DNA (CTDNA) as model DNA. All three polymers display a multilayer build-up in linear profiles as demonstrated by UV spectroscopy. More highly charged side chains were found to provide the lowest deposition of DNA. Surface profiles of the obtained films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and static water contact angle measurements to reveal complete surface coverage after at least four layer pair depositions, where alternating patterns of surface profiles were observed depending on whether the cationic polymer or the anionic DNA layer was on top. The stability of the formed surfaces was investigated in vitro under physiological and reductive conditions. Owing to the presence of disulfide bonds in the PAA main chain, the films were readily degraded in the presence of 1mM of DTT in vitro. Under non-reductive physiological conditions, two of the thicker films underwent thermodynamic rearrangement, which resulted in release of approximately half of the incorporated material within 1h, which was caused by the physiological salt concentration. Further, this unpacking phenomenon proved useful in transfecting COS-7 cells seeded on top of these multilayers containing functional plasmid DNA encoding for green fluorescence protein (GFP). Two out of the three different multilayers facilitated good COS-7 cell attachment, proliferation, and transfection in vitro within 2d ays of culture. Fluorescence staining further revealed the presence of DNA-containing released film material among cultured cells. The present work demonstrates the possibility of coating surfaces with thin films that are conveniently adjustable in thickness and amount of active agent to provide cell-transfecting functionality. In this manner transfection can be achieved by simply culturing cells on a multilayer-coated surface in their optimal culture condition (in the presence of serum) and without the need of removing the transfection agent to avoid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sry D Hujaya
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan F J Engbersen
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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36
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deRonde BM, Tew GN. Development of protein mimics for intracellular delivery. Biopolymers 2015; 104:265-80. [PMID: 25858701 PMCID: PMC4516575 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Designing delivery agents for therapeutics is an ongoing challenge. As treatments and desired cargoes become more complex, the need for improved delivery vehicles becomes critical. Excellent delivery vehicles must ensure the stability of the cargo, maintain the cargo's solubility, and promote efficient delivery and release. In order to address these issues, many research groups have looked to nature for design inspiration. Proteins, such as HIV-1 trans-activator of transcription (TAT) and Antennapedia homeodomain protein, are capable of crossing cellular membranes. However, due to the complexities of their structures, they are synthetically challenging to reproduce in the laboratory setting. Being able to incorporate the key features of these proteins that enable cell entry into simpler scaffolds opens up a wide range of opportunities for the development of new delivery reagents with improved performance. This review charts the development of protein mimics based on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and how structure-activity relationships (SARs) with these molecules and their protein counterparts ultimately led to the use of polymeric scaffolds. These scaffolds deviate from the normal peptide backbone, allowing for simpler, synthetic procedures to make carriers and tune chemical compositions for application specific needs. Successful design of polymeric protein mimics would allow researchers to further understand the key features in proteins and peptides necessary for efficient delivery and to design the next generation of more efficient delivery reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003
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37
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Twin disulfides as opportunity for improving stability and transfection efficiency of oligoaminoethane polyplexes. J Control Release 2015; 205:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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38
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Zhong Z. Professor Jan Feijen: A pioneer in biomedical polymers and controlled drug release. J Control Release 2015; 205:3-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Lächelt U, Wagner E. Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Using Polyplexes: A Journey of 50 Years (and Beyond). Chem Rev 2015; 115:11043-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lächelt
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
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40
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Kos P, Lächelt U, Herrmann A, Mickler FM, Döblinger M, He D, Krhač Levačić A, Morys S, Bräuchle C, Wagner E. Histidine-rich stabilized polyplexes for cMet-directed tumor-targeted gene transfer. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:5350-5362. [PMID: 25721131 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06556e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor/c-Met proto oncogene on the surface of a variety of tumor cells gives an opportunity to specifically target cancerous tissues. Herein, we report the first use of c-Met as receptor for non-viral tumor-targeted gene delivery. Sequence-defined oligomers comprising the c-Met binding peptide ligand cMBP2 for targeting, a monodisperse polyethylene glycol (PEG) for polyplex surface shielding, and various cationic (oligoethanamino) amide cores containing terminal cysteines for redox-sensitive polyplex stabilization, were assembled by solid-phase supported syntheses. The resulting oligomers exhibited a greatly enhanced cellular uptake and gene transfer over non-targeted control sequences, confirming the efficacy and target-specificity of the formed polyplexes. Implementation of endosomal escape-promoting histidines in the cationic core was required for gene expression without additional endosomolytic agent. The histidine-enriched polyplexes demonstrated stability in serum as well as receptor-specific gene transfer in vivo upon intratumoral injection. The co-formulation with an analogous PEG-free cationic oligomer led to a further compaction of pDNA polyplexes with an obvious change of shape as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Such compaction was critically required for efficient intravenous gene delivery which resulted in greatly enhanced, cMBP2 ligand-dependent gene expression in the distant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kos
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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41
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Jung SJ, Kasala D, Choi JW, Lee SH, Hwang JK, Kim SW, Yun CO. Safety profiles and antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus coated with bioreducible polymer in the treatment of a CAR negative tumor model. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:87-96. [PMID: 25400213 PMCID: PMC4294585 DOI: 10.1021/bm501116x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) vectors show promise as cancer gene therapy delivery vehicles, but immunogenic safety concerns and coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-dependency have limited their use. Alternately, biocompatible and bioreducible nonviral vectors, including arginine-grafted cationic polymers, have been shown to deliver nucleic acids through a cell penetration peptide (CPP) and protein transduction domain (PTD) effect. We utilized the advantages of both viral and nonviral vectors to develop a hybrid gene delivery vehicle by coating Ad with mPEG-PEI-g-Arg-S-S-Arg-g-PEI-mPEG (Ad/PPSA). Characterization of Ad/PPSA particle size and zeta potential showed an overall size and cationic charge increase in a polymer concentration-dependent manner. Ad/PPSA also showed a marked transduction efficiency increase in both CAR-negative and -positive cells compared to naked Ad. Competition assays demonstrated that Ad/PPSA produced higher transgene expression levels than naked Ad and achieved CAR-independent transduction. Oncolytic Ad (DWP418)/PPSA was able to overcome the nonspecificity of polymer-only therapies by demonstrating cancer-specific killing effects. Furthermore, the DWP418/PPSA nanocomplex elicited a 2.24-fold greater antitumor efficacy than naked Ad in vivo. This was supported by immunohistochemical confirmation of Ad E1As accumulation in MCF7 xenografted tumors. Lastly, intravenous injection of DWP418/PPSA elicited less innate immune response compared to naked Ad, evaluated by interleukin-6 cytokine release into the serum. The increased antitumor effect and improved vector targeting to both CAR-negative and -positive cells make DWP418/PPSA a promising tool for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jung Jung
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Dayananda Kasala
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Joung-Woo Choi
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Lee
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - June Kyu Hwang
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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42
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Degradable polymer-coated gold nanoparticles for co-delivery of DNA and siRNA. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:393-403. [PMID: 25246314 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have utility for in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo imaging applications as well as for serving as a scaffold for therapeutic delivery and theranostic applications. Starting with gold nanoparticles as a core, layer-by-layer degradable polymer coatings enable the simultaneous co-delivery of DNA and short interfering RNA (siRNA). To engineer release kinetics, polymers which degrade through two different mechanisms can be utilized to construct hybrid inorganic/polymeric particles. During fabrication of the nanoparticles, the zeta potential reverses upon the addition of each oppositely charged polyelectrolyte layer and the final nanoparticle size reaches approximately 200nm in diameter. When the hybrid gold/polymer/nucleic acid nanoparticles are added to human primary brain cancer cells in vitro, they are internalizable by cells and reach the cytoplasm and nucleus as visualized by transmission electron microscopy and observed through exogenous gene expression. This nanoparticle delivery leads to both exogenous DNA expression and siRNA-mediated knockdown, with the knockdown efficacy superior to that of Lipofectamine® 2000, a commercially available transfection reagent. These gold/polymer/nucleic acid hybrid nanoparticles are an enabling theranostic platform technology capable of delivering combinations of genetic therapies to human cells.
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43
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van der Aa L, Vader P, Storm G, Schiffelers R, Engbersen J. Intercalating quaternary nicotinamide-based poly(amido amine)s for gene delivery. J Control Release 2014; 195:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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44
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Coué G, Engbersen JFJ. Cationic Polymers for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins. CATIONIC POLYMERS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782620105-00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Many therapeutic proteins exert their pharmaceutical action inside the cytoplasm or onto individual organelles inside the cell. Intracellular protein delivery is considered to be the most direct, fastest and safest approach for curing gene-deficiency diseases, enhancing vaccination and triggering cell transdifferentiation processes, within other curative applications. However, several hurdles have to be overcome. For this purpose the use of polymers, with their ease of modification in physical and chemical properties, is attractive in protein drug carriers. They can protect their therapeutic protein cargo from degradation and enhance their bioavailability at targeted sites. In this chapter, potential and currently used polymers for fabrication of protein delivery systems and their applications for intracellular administration are discussed. Special attention is given to the use of cationic polymers for their ability to promote the cellular uptake of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Coué
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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45
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Xue HY, Liu S, Wong HL. Nanotoxicity: a key obstacle to clinical translation of siRNA-based nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:295-312. [PMID: 24552562 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
siRNAs have immense therapeutic potential for the treatment of various gene-related diseases ranging from cancer, viral infections and neuropathy to autoimmune diseases. However, their bench-to-bedside translation in recent years has faced several challenges, with inefficient siRNA delivery being one of the most frequently encountered issues. In order to improve the siRNA delivery especially for systemic treatment, nanocarriers made of polymers, lipids or inorganic materials have become almost essential. The 'negative' aspects of these carriers such as their nanotoxicity and immunogenicity thus can no longer be overlooked. In this article, we will extensively review the nanotoxicity of siRNA carriers. The strategies for mitigating the risks of nanotoxicity and the methodology for evaluating these strategies will also be discussed. By addressing this often overlooked but important issue, it will help clear the way for siRNAs to fulfill their promise as a versatile class of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yi Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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46
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You S, Cai Q, Zheng Y, He B, Shen J, Yang W, Yin M. Perylene-cored star-shaped polycations for fluorescent gene vectors and bioimaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16327-16334. [PMID: 25159606 DOI: 10.1021/am5045967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two star polycations, poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) (PAEMA, P1) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA, P2), have been synthesized with perylene diimide (PDI) as the central fluorophore. (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR are used to confirm the successful synthesis of a macromolecular initiator. Using ATRP strategy, P1 and P2 are obtained with narrow molecular weight distribution. The star polymers have good fluorescence properties in aqueous solution, which provides fluorescent tracing and imaging during gene delivery. Both P1 and P2 can efficiently condense DNA into stable nanoparticles. Transfection studies demonstrate that P1 and P2 deliver DNA into live cells with higher efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than polyethylenimine (PEI, 25 kDa). P2 shows higher capacity for gene delivery than P1 due to its better buffering and faster rate of cellular internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusen You
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 100029 Beijing, China
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47
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Klein PM, Wagner E. Bioreducible polycations as shuttles for therapeutic nucleic acid and protein transfection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:804-17. [PMID: 24219092 PMCID: PMC4098974 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nucleic acids such as gene-encoding DNAs, gene-silencing small interfering RNAs, or recombinant proteins addressing intracellular molecular targets present a major new therapeutic modality, provided efficient solutions for intracellular delivery can be found. The different physiological redox environments inside and outside the cell can be utilized for optimizing the involved transport processes. RECENT ADVANCES Intracellular delivery of nucleic acids or proteins requires dynamic carriers that discriminate between different cellular locations. Bioreducible cationic polymers can package their therapeutic cargo stably in the extracellular environment, but sense the reducing intracellular cytosolic environment. Based on disulfide cleavage, carriers are degraded into biocompatible fragments and release the cargo in functional form. Disulfide linkages between oligocations, between the carrier and the cargo, or spatial caging of complexed cargo by disulfides have been pursued, with polymers or precise sequence-defined peptides and oligomers. CRITICAL ISSUES A quantitative knowledge of the bioreductive capacities within different biological compartments and the involved cellular reduction processes would be greatly helpful for improved carriers with disulfides cleaved within the right compartment at the right time. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Novel designs of multifunctional nanocarriers will incorporate macromolecular disulfide entry mechanisms previously optimized by natural evolution of toxins and viruses. In addition to extracellular stabilization and intracellular disassembly, tuned disulfides will contribute to deshielding at the cell surface, or translocation from intracellular compartments to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Klein
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-Based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-Based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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48
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Ding X, Wang W, Wang Y, Bao X, Wang Y, Wang C, Chen J, Zhang F, Zhou J. Versatile Reticular Polyethylenimine Derivative-Mediated Targeted Drug and Gene Codelivery for Tumor Therapy. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3307-21. [DOI: 10.1021/mp5001263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yazhe Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiuli Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong
Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School
of Pharmacy, Fu Dan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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49
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Li D, Tang X, Pulli B, Lin C, Zhao P, Cheng J, Lv Z, Yuan X, Luo Q, Cai H, Ye M. Theranostic nanoparticles based on bioreducible polyethylenimine-coated iron oxide for reduction-responsive gene delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3347-61. [PMID: 25045265 PMCID: PMC4099417 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s61463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic nanoparticles based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) have a great promise for tumor diagnosis and gene therapy. However, the availability of theranostic nanoparticles with efficient gene transfection and minimal toxicity remains a big challenge. In this study, we construct an intelligent SPIO-based nanoparticle comprising a SPIO inner core and a disulfide-containing polyethylenimine (SSPEI) outer layer, which is referred to as a SSPEI-SPIO nanoparticle, for redox-triggered gene release in response to an intracellular reducing environment. We reveal that SSPEI-SPIO nanoparticles are capable of binding genes to form nano-complexes and mediating a facilitated gene release in the presence of dithiothreitol (5–20 mM), thereby leading to high transfection efficiency against different cancer cells. The SSPEI-SPIO nanoparticles are also able to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) for the silencing of human telomerase reverse transcriptase genes in HepG2 cells, causing their apoptosis and growth inhibition. Further, the nanoparticles are applicable as T2-negative contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of a tumor xenografted in a nude mouse. Importantly, SSPEI-SPIO nanoparticles have relatively low cytotoxicity in vitro at a high concentration of 100 μg/mL. The results of this study demonstrate the utility of a disulfide-containing cationic polymer-decorated SPIO nanoparticle as highly potent and low-toxic theranostic nano-system for specific nucleic acid delivery inside cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tang
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Pulli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Lin
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nanoscience, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyu Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, People's Republic of China
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50
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Oupický D, Li J. Bioreducible polycations in nucleic acid delivery: past, present, and future trends. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:908-22. [PMID: 24678057 PMCID: PMC4410047 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycations that are degradable by reduction of disulfide bonds are developed for applications in delivery of nucleic acids. This Feature Article surveys methods of synthesis of bioreducible polycations and discusses current understanding of the mechanism of action of bioreducible polyplexes. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between the biological redox environment and toxicity, trafficking, transfection activity, and in vivo behavior of bioreducible polycations and polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Oupický
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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