1
|
Lopez C, David-Briand E, Mériadec C, Bourgaux C, Pérez J, Artzner F. Milk sphingosomes as lipid carriers for α-tocopherol in aqueous foods: thermotropic phase behaviour and morphology. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
2
|
Effect of Ester Moiety on Structural Properties of Binary Mixed Monolayers of Alpha-Tocopherol Derivatives with DPPC. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154670. [PMID: 35897846 PMCID: PMC9330579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid membranes are ubiquitous components of cells involved in physiological processes; thus, knowledge regarding their interactions with other molecules, including tocopherol ester derivatives, is of great importance. The surface pressure–area isotherms of pure α-tocopherol (Toc) and its derivatives (oxalate (OT), malonate (MT), succinate (ST), and carbo analog (CT)) were studied in Langmuir monolayers in order to evaluate phase formation, compressibility, packing, and ordering. The isotherms and compressibility results indicate that, under pressure, the ester derivatives and CT are able to form two-dimensional liquid-condensed (LC) ordered structures with collapse pressures ranging from 27 mN/m for CT to 44 mN/m for OT. Next, the effect of length of ester moiety on the surface behavior of DPPC/Toc derivatives’ binary monolayers at air–water interface was investigated. The average molecular area, elastic modulus, compressibility, and miscibility were calculated as a function of molar fraction of derivatives. Increasing the presence of Toc derivatives in DPPC monolayer induces expansion of isotherms, increased monolayer elasticity, interrupted packing, and lowered ordering in monolayer, leading to its fluidization. Decreasing collapse pressure with increasing molar ratio of derivatives indicates on the miscibility of Toc esters in DPPC monolayer. The interactions between components were analyzed using additivity rule and thermodynamic calculations of excess and total Gibbs energy of mixing. Calculated excess area and Gibbs energy indicated repulsion between components, confirming their partial mixing. In summary, the mechanism of the observed phenomena is mainly connected with interactions of ionized carboxyl groups of ester moieties with DPPC headgroup moieties where formed conformations perturb alignment of acyl chains, resulting in increasing mean area per molecule, leading to disordering and fluidization of mixed monolayer.
Collapse
|
3
|
Maiti B, Kumar K, Datta S, Bhattacharya S. Physical-Chemical Characterization of Bilayer Membranes Derived from (±) α-Tocopherol-Based Gemini Lipids and Their Interaction with Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers and Lipoplex Formation with Plasmid DNA. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:36-49. [PMID: 34955028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane formation and aggregation properties of two series of (±) α-tocopherol-based cationic gemini lipids without and with hydroxyl functionalities at the headgroup region (TnS n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12; THnS n = 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12) with varying polymethylene spacer lengths were investigated extensively while comparing with the corresponding properties of the monomeric counterparts (TM and THM). Liposomal suspensions of each cationic lipid were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurements, and small-angle X-ray diffraction studies. The length of the spacer and the presence of hydroxyl functionalities at the headgroup region strongly contribute to the aggregation behavior of these gemini lipids in water. The interaction of each tocopherol lipid with a model phospholipid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)-derived vesicles, was thoroughly examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH)-doped fluorescence anisotropy measurements. The binding efficiency of the cationic tocopherol liposomes with plasmid DNA (pDNA) was followed by an ethidium bromide (EB) exclusion assay and zeta potential measurements, whereas negatively charged micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-mediated release of the pDNA from various preformed pDNA-liposomal complexes (lipoplex) was studied by an ethidium bromide (EB) reintercalation assay. The structural transformation of pDNA upon complexation with liposome was characterized using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic measurements. Gemini lipid-pDNA interactions depend on both the presence of hydroxyl functionalities at the headgroups and the length of the spacer chain between the headgroups. Succinctly, we performed a detailed physical-chemical characterization of the membranes formed from cationic monomeric and gemini lipids bearing tocopherol as their hydrophobic backbone and describe the role of inserting the -OH group at the headgroup of such lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bappa Maiti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subhasis Datta
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pudtikajorn K, Sae‐leaw T, Singh A, Benjakul S. Mild Heating Process and Antioxidant Incorporation Increase Quality and Oxidation Stability of Oil from Skipjack Tuna (
Katsuwonus pelamis
) Eyeball. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khamtorn Pudtikajorn
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Thanasak Sae‐leaw
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liposomes Loaded with Unsaponifiable Matter from Amaranthus hypochondriacus as a Source of Squalene and Carrying Soybean Lunasin Inhibited Melanoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081960. [PMID: 34443791 PMCID: PMC8397957 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amaranthus hypochondriacus is a source of molecules with reported health benefits such as antioxidant activity and cancer prevention. The objective of this research was to optimize the conditions for preparing a liposome formulation using amaranth unsaponifiable matter as a source of squalene in order to minimize the particle size and to maximize the encapsulation efficiency of liposomes for carrying and delivering soybean lunasin into melanoma cell lines. Amaranth oil was extracted using supercritical dioxide carbon extraction (55.2 MPa pressure, 80 °C temperature, solvent (CO2)-to-feed (oil) ratio of 20). The extracted oil from amaranth was used to obtain the unsaponifiable enriched content of squalene, which was incorporated into liposomes. A Box–Behnken response surface methodology design was used to optimize the liposome formulation containing the unsaponifiable matter, once liposomes were optimized. Soybean lunasin was loaded into the liposomes and tested on A-375 and B16-F10 melanoma cells. The squalene concentration in the extracted oil was 36.64 ± 0.64 g/ 100 g of oil. The particle size in liposomes was between 115.8 and 163.1 nm; the squalene encapsulation efficiency ranged from 33.14% to 76.08%. The optimized liposome formulation contained 15.27 mg of phospholipids and 1.1 mg of unsaponifiable matter. Cell viability was affected by the liposome formulation with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) equivalent to 225 μM in B16-F10 and 215 μM in A-375. The liposomes formulated with lunasin achieved 82.14 ± 3.34% lunasin encapsulation efficiency and improved efficacy by decreasing lunasin IC50 by 31.81% in B16-F10 and by 41.89% in A-375 compared with unencapsulated lunasin.
Collapse
|
6
|
Duong TT, Isomäki A, Paaver U, Laidmäe I, Tõnisoo A, Yen TTH, Kogermann K, Raal A, Heinämäki J, Pham TMH. Nanoformulation and Evaluation of Oral Berberine-Loaded Liposomes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092591. [PMID: 33946815 PMCID: PMC8125214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a poorly water-soluble quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid of plant origin with potential uses in the drug therapy of hypercholesterolemia. To tackle the limitations associated with the oral therapeutic use of BBR (such as a first-pass metabolism and poor absorption), BBR-loaded liposomes were fabricated by ethanol-injection and thin-film hydration methods. The size and size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), solid-state properties, entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro drug release of liposomes were investigated. The BBR-loaded liposomes prepared by ethanol-injection and thin-film hydration methods presented an average liposome size ranging from 50 nm to 244 nm and from 111 nm to 449 nm, respectively. The PDI values for the liposomes were less than 0.3, suggesting a narrow size distribution. The EE of liposomes ranged from 56% to 92%. Poorly water-soluble BBR was found to accumulate in the bi-layered phospholipid membrane of the liposomes prepared by the thin-film hydration method. The BBR-loaded liposomes generated by both nanofabrication methods presented extended drug release behavior in vitro. In conclusion, both ethanol-injection and thin-film hydration nanofabrication methods are feasible for generating BBR-loaded oral liposomes with a uniform size, high EE and modified drug release behavior in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Thi Duong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung Street, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 110403, Vietnam; (T.T.H.Y.); (T.-M.-H.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (U.P.); (I.L.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Antti Isomäki
- Biomedicum Imaging Unit, University of Helsinki, 8 Haartmaninkatu, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Urve Paaver
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (U.P.); (I.L.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Ivo Laidmäe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (U.P.); (I.L.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Arvo Tõnisoo
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, 1 W. Ostwaldi Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Tran Thi Hai Yen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 110403, Vietnam; (T.T.H.Y.); (T.-M.-H.P.)
| | - Karin Kogermann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (U.P.); (I.L.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (U.P.); (I.L.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (U.P.); (I.L.); (K.K.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +372-737-5281
| | - Thi-Minh-Hue Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 110403, Vietnam; (T.T.H.Y.); (T.-M.-H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lima AC, Campos CF, Cunha C, Carvalho A, Reis RL, Ferreira H, Neves NM. Biofunctionalized Liposomes to Monitor Rheumatoid Arthritis Regression Stimulated by Interleukin-23 Neutralization. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001570. [PMID: 33103383 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Even after the revolution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment with biologic agents, this debilitating disease remains a major clinical problem. The outstanding outcomes of the systemic administration of antibodies (Abs) are narrowed by the risk of serious side effects and limited efficacy due to their short half-life. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a crucial pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in inflammation that potently enhances the generation of T-helper type-17 (Th17) cells. Hence, in this work, anti-IL-23 Abs are immobilized at the surface of liposomes to increase their therapeutic efficacy, being gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) incorporated to allow monitoring the biodistribution of the liposomes after systemic administration as well as due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. A stable monodispersed liposomes' suspension with around 130 nm is produced and efficiently biofunctionalized with anti-IL-23 Abs. IL-23 capture and neutralization capacity are confirmed using activated macrophages. Biological assays demonstrate their hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility with human articular chondrocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Moreover, the neutralization of IL-23 by the biofunctionalized liposomes efficiently decreases the production of IL-17A by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and RA patients who are activated to Th17 differentiation. Therefore, the developed formulation may be a promising strategy to treat RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Lima
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| | - Cláudia F. Campos
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho Campus de Gualtar Braga 4710‐057 Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho Campus de Gualtar Braga 4710‐057 Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho Campus de Gualtar Braga 4710‐057 Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Zona Industrial da Gandra Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Calvo A, Moreno E, Larrea E, Sanmartín C, Irache JM, Espuelas S. Berberine-Loaded Liposomes for the Treatment of Leishmania infantum-Infected BALB/c Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090858. [PMID: 32916948 PMCID: PMC7558179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BER)—an anti-inflammatory quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from plants—has been reported to have a variety of biologic properties, including antileishmanial activity. This work addresses the preparation of BER-loaded liposomes with the aim to prevent its rapid liver metabolism and improve the drug selective delivery to the infected organs in visceral leishmaniasis (VL). BER liposomes (LP-BER) displayed a mean size of 120 nm, negative Z-potential of −38 mV and loaded 6 nmol/μmol lipid. In vitro, the loading of BER in liposomes enhanced its selectivity index more than 7-fold by decreasing its cytotoxicity to macrophages. In mice, LP-BER enhanced drug accumulation in the liver and the spleen. Consequently, the liposomal delivery of the drug reduced parasite burden in the liver and spleen by three and one logarithms (99.2 and 93.5%), whereas the free drug only decreased the infection in the liver by 1-log. The organ drug concentrations—far from IC50 values— indicate that BER immunomodulatory activity or drug metabolites also contribute to the efficacy. Although LP-BER decreased 10-fold—an extremely rapid clearance of the free drug in mice—the value remains very high. Moreover, LP-BER reduced plasma triglycerides levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Calvo
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (E.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Esther Moreno
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (E.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Larrea
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (E.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (E.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Irache
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Socorro Espuelas
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (E.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-600 (ext. 806310)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Camilo CJJ, Leite DOD, Silva ARA, Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Costa JGM. Lipid vesicles: applications, principal components and methods used in their formulations: A review. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v25n2.74830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes and niosomes are currently the most studied lipid vesicles in the nanomedicine field. The system formed by a phospholipid bilayer in aqueous medium allows these vesicles to carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, providing an increase in solubility of drugs lready used in conventional therapy. The focus on the development of these vesicles should be directed to determining the ideal composition, with low toxicity, biocompatibility and which remains stable for long periods. These characteristics are related to the components used for formulation and the substances that will be encapsulated. Another important point relates to the methods used during formulation, which are important in determining the type of vesicle formed, whether these be large or small, unilamellar or multilamellar. Because of the deliberate actions applied in the development of these vesicles, this review sought to gather updated information regarding the different methods used, including their main components while considering the behavior of each of them when used in different formulations. Also, data showing the importance of formulations in the medical field evidencing studies performed with liposome and niosome vesicles as promising in this area, and others, were included. The approach allows a better understanding of the participation of components in formulations such as cholesterol and non-ionic surfactants, as well as the basis for choosing the ideal components and methods for future research in the development of these vesicles.
Collapse
|
10
|
Soloveva EY, Amelina IP. Cerebral small vessel disease’s impact on the development of chronic cerebral ischemia: paradigms of treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.21518/2079-701x-2020-2-16-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the issues of treatment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), one of the most common pathological processes that is a leading cause of different types of cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairment. It also discusses the reasons for the development of small vessel pathology, which is usually referred to as the “chronic cerebral ischemia” in the Russian neurology. Emphasis is made on the etiopathogenetic factors affecting small calibre vessels, in which the metabolic-angiogenic mechanisms, in particular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, are dominant.Difficulties in studying CSVD are explained by the disease course features and the insufficient introduction of unified approaches to the terminology and diagnosis. The article presents new data on the pathogenesis of small vessel disease based on the clinical and pathological findings and achievements of neuroimaging. A modern classification is provided, the clinical manifestations of vascular cognitive disorders associated with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency are described in detail.The authors consider the issue of choosing and using drugs for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases through the lens of understanding their own clinical experience and scientific research findings. They provide data of their own research on the antioxidant status and changes in the phospholipid composition of blood plasma in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia during separate and combined administration of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate (Neurox) and citicoline (Neupilept), which are natural metabolites and are involved in biochemical processes throughout the body. Based on the literature review and their own data, the authors conclude that complex pharmacological therapy can be effectively used in patients with CSVD, which is due to various points of “application” of pharmacological activity in the pathogenetic processes chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I. P. Amelina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Solovyeva EY, Karneev AN, Chekanov AV, Baranova OA. [The individual and combined antioxidant effects of citicoline and ethylmethylhydroxypyridini succinas]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 116:78-85. [PMID: 28091505 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201611611178-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the antioxidant status of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) during the individual treatment with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate (neurox) and in the combination with citicoline (neipilept). MATERIAL AND METHODS A study included 40 patients, 18 men and 22 women, aged from 54 to 72 years, with CCI, stage 2, at the decompensation stage complicated with the hypertensive crisis and/or arrhythmia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A significant increase in the serum superoxide dismutase activity after the complex therapy with neurox and neipilept was demonstrated compared to patients treated with neurox. A study of reduced sulfur-hydroxy groups in patients treated with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate and patients treated with the combination of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate and citicoline, revealed a significant increase in the number of reduced SH- groups after the treatment with neurox compared to the combined use of neurox and neipilept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A N Karneev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - A V Chekanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - O A Baranova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu G, Huang W, Babii O, Gong X, Tian Z, Yang J, Wang Y, Jacobs RL, Donna V, Lavasanifar A, Chen L. Novel protein-lipid composite nanoparticles with an inner aqueous compartment as delivery systems of hydrophilic nutraceutical compounds. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10629-10640. [PMID: 29845181 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Food protein and lipid based nanoparticles have attracted recent interest as a means of delivering nutraceuticals. Nanoparticle encapsulation of nutraceuticals faces challenges to overcome for it to be readily applied in the food industry, such as low encapsulation efficiency for hydrophilic compounds and poor stability once in the gastrointestinal tract. This research introduces a new protein-lipid composite nanoparticle with a three-layered structure (a barley protein layer, α-tocopherol layer and phospholipid layer) and an inner aqueous compartment to load hydrophilic nutraceuticals. This delivery system showed efficient encapsulation of vitamin B12 (69%) and controlled release behavior in simulated gastrointestinal media. An in vitro cell evaluation demonstrated that nanoparticles could internalize into Caco-2 cells via energy-dependent endocytosis and significantly increase the uptake and transport efficiency of vitamin B12 in this model. In vivo, the developed vitamin B12 loaded nanoparticle showed increased serum vitamin B12 levels upon oral administration and reduced the methylmalonic acid level more efficiently than the free form in rats. A 14-day in vivo toxicity study showed no evidence of toxicity in rats implying the safety of the developed nanoparticles in long term use. Overall, the results of this study show the great potential of the developed nanoparticles in increasing the absorption of vitamin B12 upon oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Liu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ausili A, Torrecillas A, de Godos AM, Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC. Phenolic Group of α-Tocopherol Anchors at the Lipid-Water Interface of Fully Saturated Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3336-3348. [PMID: 29447442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol is considered to carry on a very important role as an antioxidant for membranes and lipoproteins and other biological roles as membrane stabilizers and bioactive lipids. Given its essential role, it is very important to fully understand its location in the membrane. In this work, the vertical location of vitamin E in saturated membranes has been studied using biophysical techniques. Small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction experiments show that α-tocopherol alters the water layer between bilayers in both 1,2-dimyristoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), indicating its proximity to this surface. The quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of α-tocopherol indicates a low quenching efficiency by acrylamide and a higher quenching by 5-doxyl-PC than by 9- and 16-doxyl-PC. These results suggest that in both DMPC and DPPC membranes, the chromanol ring is not far away from the surface of the membrane but within the bilayer. 1H nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy magic-angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that α-tocopherol is localized in a similar manner in DMPC and DPPC membranes, with the chromanol ring embedded in the upper part of the hydrophobic bilayer. Using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was observed that the tail chain of α-tocopherol lies nearly parallel to the acyl chains of DMPC and DPPC. Taking these results together, it was concluded that in both DMPC and DPPC, the hydroxyl group of the chromanol ring will establish hydrogen bonding with water on the membrane surface, and the main axis of the α-tocopherol molecule will be perpendicular to the bilayer plane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ausili
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| | - Alejandro Torrecillas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| | - Ana M de Godos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| | - Senena Corbalán-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| | - Juan C Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado de Correos 4021 , E-30080 Murcia , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ausili A, de Godos AM, Torrecillas A, Aranda FJ, Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC. The vertical location of α-tocopherol in phosphatidylcholine membranes is not altered as a function of the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acyl chains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:6731-6742. [PMID: 28211935 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08872d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol is a natural preservative that prevents free radical chain oxidations in biomembranes. We have studied the location of α-tocopherol in model membranes formed by different unsaturated phosphatidylcholines, namely 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PLPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PDPC). Small angle X-ray diffraction revealed that α-tocopherol was well mixed with all the phospholipids. In all the cases only one lamellar phase was detected. Very modest changes occasioned by α-tocopherol were observed in the electron density profiles. The results obtained from quenching of α-tocopherol intrinsic fluorescence by acrylamide showed that this vitamin was inefficiently quenched in the four types of membranes, indicating that the fluorescent chromanol ring was poorly accessible for this hydrophilic quencher. Compatible with that, quenching by doxyl derivatives of phosphatidylcholines indicated that the chromanol ring was close in the four membranes to the nitroxide probe located at position 5. Quenching by doxyl-phosphatidylcholines also indicated that the efficiency of quenching was higher in POPC than in the other unsaturated phospholipids. 1H-MAS-NMR showed that α-tocopherol induced chemical shifts of protons from the phospholipids, especially of those bonded to carbons 2 and 3 of the acyl chains of the four phospholipids studied. The 1H-MAS-NMR NOESY results suggested that the lower part of the chromanol ring was located between the C3 of the fatty acyl chains and the centre of the hydrophobic monolayer for the four phospholipid membranes studied. Taken together, these results suggest that α-tocopherol is located, in all the membranes studied, with the chromanol ring within the hydrophobic palisade but not far away from the lipid-water interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ausili
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, E-30080-Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana M de Godos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, E-30080-Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Torrecillas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, E-30080-Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Aranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, E-30080-Murcia, Spain.
| | - Senena Corbalán-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, E-30080-Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan C Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A", Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, E-30080-Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Štimac A, Lapić J, Blasina V, Lukinac M, Djaković S, Crnolatac I, Frkanec L, Frkanec R. Adamantyl ferrocene derivatives: Antioxidant abilities and effects on model lipid membranes. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Štimac
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology Rockefellerova 10 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lapić
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Valentino Blasina
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Marija Lukinac
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Senka Djaković
- Faculty of Food Technology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Zagreb Pierottijeva 6 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Leo Frkanec
- Laboratory for Supramolecular Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryRuđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology Rockefellerova 10 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uchino T, Miyazaki Y, Fujii A, Kagawa Y. Characterization and Evaluation of Skin Permeation of Tocopheryl Phosphoric Acid-loaded Phospholipid Nanoparticles. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:979-986. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Uchino
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yasunori Miyazaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Ako Fujii
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yoshiyuki Kagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abaee A, Madadlou A. Niosome-loaded cold-set whey protein hydrogels. Food Chem 2016; 196:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Sahari MA, Moghimi HR, Hadian Z, Barzegar M, Mohammadi A. Improved physical stability of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid encapsulated using nanoliposome containing α-tocopherol. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Sahari
- Department of Food Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Tarbiat Modares University; P.O. Box 14115-111 Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moghimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 14155-6153 Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Hadian
- Department of Food Technology; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19395-4741 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Barzegar
- Department of Food Technology; Faculty of Agriculture; Tarbiat Modares University; P.O. Box 14115-111 Tehran Iran
| | - Abdoreza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Technology; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 19395-4741 Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Malekar SA, Sarode AL, Bach AC, Bose A, Bothun G, Worthen DR. Radio Frequency-Activated Nanoliposomes for Controlled Combination Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:1335-43. [PMID: 25899799 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was conducted in order to design, characterize, and evaluate stable liposomes containing the hydrophobic drug raloxifene HCl (RAL) and hydrophilic doxycycline HCl (DOX), two potentially synergistic agents for treating osteoporosis and other bone lesions, in conjunction with a radio frequency-induced, hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticle-dependent triggering mechanism for drug release. Both drugs were successfully incorporated into liposomes by lipid film hydration, although combination drug loading compromised liposome stability. Liposome stability was improved by reducing the drug load and by including Pluronics® (PL) in the formulations. DOX did not appear to interact with the phospholipid membranes comprising the liposomes, and its release was maximized in the presence of radio frequency (RF) heating. In contrast, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P-NMR) analysis revealed that RAL developed strong interactions with the phospholipid membranes, most notably with lipid phosphate head groups, resulting in significant changes in membrane thermodynamics. Likewise, RAL release from liposomes was minimal, even in the presence of RF heating. These studies may offer useful insights into the design and optimization of multidrug containing liposomes. The effects of RAL on liposome characteristics and drug release performance underscore the importance of appropriate physical-chemical analysis in order to identify and characterize drug-lipid interactions that may profoundly affect liposome properties and performance early in the formulation development process.
Collapse
|
20
|
Akita H, Noguchi Y, Hatakeyama H, Sato Y, Tange K, Nakai Y, Harashima H. Molecular Tuning of a Vitamin E-Scaffold pH-Sensitive and Reductive Cleavable Lipid-like Material for Accelerated in Vivo Hepatic siRNA Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:834-844. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Noguchi
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- NOF Corporation, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakai
- NOF Corporation, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0865, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory
for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Modulating effect of lipid bilayer-carotenoid interactions on the property of liposome encapsulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:172-180. [PMID: 25747311 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have become an attractive alternative to encapsulate carotenoids to improve their solubility, stability and bioavailability. The interaction mechanism of carotenoid with lipid bilayer is one of the major concerns in improving the delivery efficiency of liposomes. In this study, the microstructure and carotenoid encapsulation efficiency of liposomes composed of native phospholipid (egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, EYPC) and nonionic surfactant Tween 80 were investigated by atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Subsequently, the effects of carotenoid incorporation on the physical properties of liposomal membrane were performed by Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence polarization, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Results showed that the incorporation of carotenoids affected the liposomes morphology, size and size distribution to various extents. Analysis on the Raman characteristic peaks of carotenoids revealed that lutein exhibited the strongest incorporating ability into liposomes, followed by β-carotene, lycopene, and canthaxanthin. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that carotenoids modulated the dynamics, structure and hydrophobicity of liposomal membrane, highly depending on their molecular structures and incorporated concentration. These modulations were closely correlated with the stabilization of liposomes, including mediating particle aggregation and fusion. These findings should guide the rationale designing for liposomal encapsulation technology to efficiently deliver carotenoids in pharmaceutics, nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Carson JL. Fundamental technical elements of freeze-fracture/freeze-etch in biological electron microscopy. J Vis Exp 2014:51694. [PMID: 25285532 DOI: 10.3791/51694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-fracture/freeze-etch describes a process whereby specimens, typically biological or nanomaterial in nature, are frozen, fractured, and replicated to generate a carbon/platinum "cast" intended for examination by transmission electron microscopy. Specimens are subjected to ultrarapid freezing rates, often in the presence of cryoprotective agents to limit ice crystal formation, with subsequent fracturing of the specimen at liquid nitrogen cooled temperatures under high vacuum. The resultant fractured surface is replicated and stabilized by evaporation of carbon and platinum from an angle that confers surface three-dimensional detail to the cast. This technique has proved particularly enlightening for the investigation of cell membranes and their specializations and has contributed considerably to the understanding of cellular form to related cell function. In this report, we survey the instrument requirements and technical protocol for performing freeze-fracture, the associated nomenclature and characteristics of fracture planes, variations on the conventional procedure, and criteria for interpretation of freeze-fracture images. This technique has been widely used for ultrastructural investigation in many areas of cell biology and holds promise as an emerging imaging technique for molecular, nanotechnology, and materials science studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lim YM, Jun YK, Park S, Jin BS. Coencapsulation of L-Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol in Ethosomes and Their Properties. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2014.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
25
|
Corace G, Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Hrelia S, Stein PC, Brandl M, Gotti R, Luppi B. Multifunctional liposomes for nasal delivery of the anti-Alzheimer drug tacrine hydrochloride. J Liposome Res 2014; 24:323-35. [PMID: 24807822 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2014.899369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the development of multifunctional liposomes for nasal administration of tacrine hydrochloride. Liposomes were prepared using traditional excipients (cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine), partly enriched with α-tocopherol and/or Omega3 fatty acids. This approach was chosen in order to obtain at the same time two positive results: an enhanced drug permeation through nasal mucosa and a concomitant neuroprotective effect. Several liposome formulations were prepared using the Reverse Phase Evaporation technique followed by membrane filter extrusion. In particular, liposome capacity to enhance drug permeation was evaluated by means of membrane permeation and cellular uptake studies. Furthermore, liposome effect on neuronal viability and intracellular ROS production was evaluated as well as their cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress. All liposome formulations showed a mean diameter in the range of 175 nm to 219 nm with polydispersity index lower than 0.22, a lightly negative zeta potential and excellent encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, along with good mucoadhesive properties, multifunctional liposomes showed a markedly increase in tacrine permeability, which can be related to liposome fusion with cellular membrane, a hypothesis, which was also supported by cellular uptake studies. Finally, the addition of α-tocopherol without Omega3 fatty acids, was found to increase the neuroprotective activity and antioxidant properties of liposomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Corace
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via San Donato, Bologna , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|