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A PEGylated Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Antibiotics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081668. [PMID: 36015294 PMCID: PMC9415149 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major concern for public health throughout the world that severely restricts available treatments. In this context, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for a high percentage of S. aureus infections and mortality. To overcome this challenge, nanoparticles are appropriate tools as drug carriers to improve the therapeutic efficacy and decrease the toxicity of drugs. In this study, a polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated nanostructured lipid carrier (PEG-NLC) was synthesized to improve the oral delivery of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) for the treatment of MRSA skin infection in vitro and in vivo. The nanoformulation (PEG-TMP/SMZ-NLC) was synthesized with size and drug encapsulation efficiencies of 187 ± 9 nm and 93.3%, respectively, which could release the drugs in a controlled manner at intestinal pH. PEG-TMP/SMZ-NLC was found efficient in decreasing the drugs’ toxicity by 2.4-fold in vitro. In addition, the intestinal permeability of TMP/SMZ was enhanced by 54%, and the antibacterial effects of the drugs were enhanced by 8-fold in vitro. The results of the stability study demonstrated that PEG-TMP/SMZ-NLC was stable for three months. In addition, the results demonstrated that PEG-TMP/SMZ-NLC after oral administration could decrease the drugs’ side-effects such as renal and hepatic toxicity by ~5-fold in MRSA skin infection in Balb/c mice, while it could improve the antibacterial effects of TMP/SMZ by 3 orders of magnitude. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the application of PEGylated NLC nanoparticles is a promising approach to improving the oral delivery of TMP/SMZ for the treatment of MRSA skin infection.
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Zhang JY, Liu XX, Lin JY, Bao XY, Peng JQ, Gong ZP, Luan X, Chen Y. Biomimetic engineered nanocarriers inspired by viruses for oral-drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Mortensen NP, Moreno Caffaro M, Davis K, Aravamudhan S, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Investigation of eight cellulose nanomaterials' impact on Differentiated Caco-2 monolayer integrity and cytotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113204. [PMID: 35679974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential applications of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) as food additives or in food packaging, present a possible source of human ingestion. While micron- and macro-scale cellulose products are classified as Generally Regarded As Safe, the safety of ingested nano-scale cellulose is largely unknown. Using fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the perturbation of intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity was investigated for four nanocellulose crystals (CNCs) and four nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs) following 24 h of exposure at 50 μg/mL. Scanning electron microscope showed some aggregation of both CNCs and CNFs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that carbon and oxygen were the main elements. The zeta-potential for CNMs formulated in cell culture medium showed a negative surface charge. Two CNMs increased cell membrane permeability and three CNMs decreased the cell metabolic activity. While three CNMs lead to cytotoxic responses, no changes in apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) for dextran or tight junction integrity were found. Our results show that three CNMs induce cytotoxicity in differentiated Caco-2 cells, demonstrating the need to understand the role of size and shape. The interaction between CNMs and the intestinal epithelium needs to be evaluated to understand potential intestinal barrier dysfunction and resulting health implications following CNM ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Klinton Davis
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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4
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Fu W, Liang Y, Xie Z, Wu H, Zhang Z, Lv H. Preparation and evaluation of lecithin/zein hybrid nanoparticles for the oral delivery of Panax notoginseng saponins. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105882. [PMID: 34000426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure and cerebral infarction. However, oral administration of PNS showed low bioavailability because of its instability and poor membrane permeability in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, lipoprotein-inspired hybrid nanoparticles of PNS-Lecithin-Zein (PLZ-NPs) were prepared by using a simple phase separation method, which possessed a core-shell structure, where zein was used as protein part to replace the animal origin protein to increase the resistance to acid and enzymes while lecithin was used as the lipid composition to improve the oral absorption of PNS as well as to increase the drug loading capacity of PNS into the nanocarriers. The results of stability test showed that PLZ-NPs had robust enzymolysis resistance ability for acid and digestive enzymes of gastrointestinal environments. The fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay confirmed the ability of LZ-NPs to be intactly absorbed by Caco-2 cell monolayer. Cell transport studies demonstrated that the permeability of PLZ-NPs in Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture cell model was 1.5-fold that of PNS. Meanwhile, the single-pass intestinal perfusion assay proved the absorption parameter Peff of PLZ-NPs was 1.75 and 1.80 times higher than that of PNS in the ileum and jejunum, respectively. Finally, the in vivo pharmacokinetic experiment showed that the relative oral bioavailability of PLZ-NPs was 1.71-fold that of free PNS in SD rat. In summary, the employment of the Lecithin/Zein hybrid nanoparticles could be considered as a promising approach for PNS analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yiping Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hangyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Huixia Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Kamei N, Kawano S, Abe R, Hirano S, Ogino H, Tamiwa H, Takeda-Morishita M. Effects of intestinal luminal contents and the importance of microfold cells on the ability of cell-penetrating peptides to enhance epithelial permeation of insulin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Corazza FG, Ernesto JV, Nambu FAN, Calixto LA, Varca GHC, Vieira DP, Leite-Silva VR, Andréo-Filho N, Lopes PS. Enhancing the Furosemide Permeability by Papain Minitablets Through a Triple Co-culture In Vitro Intestinal Cell Model. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:255. [PMID: 32888072 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of medicines by the oral route is the most used approach for being very convenient. Although it is the most popular, this route also has absorption, and consequently, bioavailability limitations. In this sense, several pharmacotechnical strategies have been used to improve drug absorption, one of which is the use of permeation promoters. Papain is a very versatile plant enzyme that can be used as a permeation promoter of various active compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of papain and the formulation of native papain minitablets to promote in vitro permeation of furosemide through an innovative biomimetic triple co-culture model of Caco-2, HT29-MTX, and Raji cells. Regarding permeation, furosemide and metaprolol concentrations are determined with HPLC; those are used to calculate Papp. Monolayer integrity was evaluated using TEER and Lucifer Yellow. In the presence of papain, TEER decreased two-fold and the Papp of furosemide increased six-fold. The results suggest that native papain minitablets can be used as therapeutic adjuvants to enhance the permeation of drugs significantly improving bioavailability.
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Kämpfer AAM, Busch M, Schins RPF. Advanced In Vitro Testing Strategies and Models of the Intestine for Nanosafety Research. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1163-1178. [PMID: 32383381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the potential adverse effects of oral exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM). Recent years have witnessed major developments in and advancement of intestinal in vitro models for nanosafety evaluation. The present paper reviews the key factors that should be considered for inclusion in nonanimal alternative testing approaches to reliably reflect the in vivo dynamics of the physicochemical properties of ENM as well the intestinal physiology and morphology. Currently available models range from simple cell line-based monocultures to advanced 3D systems and organoids. In addition, in vitro approaches exist to replicate the mucous barrier, digestive processes, luminal flow, peristalsis, and interactions of ENM with the intestinal microbiota. However, while the inclusion of a multitude of individual factors/components of particle (pre)treatment, exposure approach, and cell model approximates in vivo-like conditions, such increasing complexity inevitably affects the system's robustness and reproducibility. The selection of the individual modules to build the in vitro testing strategy should be driven and justified by the specific purpose of the study and, not least, the intended or actual application of the investigated ENM. Studies that address health hazards of ingested ENM likely require different approaches than research efforts to unravel the fundamental interactions or toxicity mechanisms of ENM in the intestine. Advanced reliable and robust in vitro models of the intestine, especially when combined in an integrated testing approach, offer great potential to further improve the field of nanosafety research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A M Kämpfer
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, IUF, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, IUF, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, IUF, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Nie T, He Z, Zhu J, Liu L, Chen Y. One‐Pot Synthesis of PEGylated Lipoplexes to Facilitate Mucosal Permeation for Oral Insulin Gene Delivery. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Nie
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Center for Functional Biomaterialsand Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhiyu He
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Center for Functional Biomaterialsand Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jinchang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringWhiting School of EngineeringJohns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Center for Functional Biomaterialsand Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Center for Functional Biomaterialsand Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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Mortensen NP, Caffaro MM, Patel PR, Uddin MJ, Aravamudhan S, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Investigation of Twenty Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles' Impact on Differentiated Caco-2 Monolayer Integrity. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:100212. [PMID: 32864507 PMCID: PMC7451203 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in foods and consumer products is rising, increasing the potential for unintentional ingestion. While the cytotoxicity of many ENMs has been investigated, less attention has been given to adverse impact on the intestinal barrier integrity. Chronical disruption of gastrointestinal integrity can have far reaching health implications. Using fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the perturbation of intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity were investigated for 20 metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide ENMs. Caco-2 cells were exposed to 50 μg/mL ENMs for 24 hours. ENM formulations were characterized at 0 and 24 hours, and In Vitro Sedimentation, Diffusion and Dosimetry Modeling was applied to calculate the effective dose of exposure during 24 hours. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was determined for fluorescent labeled dextran (3,000 Da) and tight junction integrity was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxicity was investigated by determining lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) and cell metabolic activity (tetrazolium based MTS) assays. Four ENMs led to significantly increased Papp, (15.8% w/w% Ag-SiO2 nanoparticle (NP), 60 nm CdS NP, 100 nm V2O5 flakes, and 50 nm ZnO NP), while one ENM (20 nm MgO NP) decreased Papp. With the exception of CdS NP, significantly increased Papp was not connected with cell cytotoxicity. The calculated effective dose concentration was not correlated with increased Papp. Our results illustrate that while many metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide ENMs do not adversely affect monolayer integrity or induce cytotoxicity in differentiated Caco-2 cells, a subset of ENMs may compromise the intestinal integrity. This study demonstrated the use of differentiated Caco-2 monolayer and Papp as an endpoint to identify and prioritize ENMs that should be investigated further. The interaction between ENMs and the intestinal epithelium needs to be evaluated to understand potential intestinal barrier dysfunction and resulting health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P. Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Corresponding author: Ninell P. Mortensen, Ph. D., Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA,
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Purvi R. Patel
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Timothy R. Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Klisuric A, Thierry B, Delon L, Prestidge CA, Gibson RJ. Identifying human and murine M cells in vitro. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:554-564. [PMID: 30907132 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219838674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The study of M cells, a specialized epithelial cell type found in the follicle-associated epithelium, is hampered by the lack of a universal M cell marker. As such, many studies lack reliable and universally recognized methods to identify M cells in their proposed models. As a result of this it is difficult to ascertain whether the effects observed are due to the presence of M cells or an unaccounted variable. The outcome of this review is the thorough evaluation of the many M cell markers that have been used in the literature thus far and a proposed criterion for the identification of M cells for future publications. This will hopefully lead to an improvement in the quality of future publications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Klisuric
- 1 Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.,2 ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia.,3 School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- 2 ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia.,4 Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - Ludivine Delon
- 1 Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.,2 ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia.,4 Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- 1 Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.,2 ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Rachel J Gibson
- 1 Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Makhlouf A, Hajdu I, Hartimath SV, Alizadeh E, Wharton K, Wasan KM, Badea I, Fonge H. 111In-Labeled Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic b (GPNMB) Targeted Gemini Surfactant-Based Nanoparticles against Melanoma: In Vitro Characterization and in Vivo Evaluation in Melanoma Mouse Xenograft Model. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:542-551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Makhlouf
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, 12411 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Istvan Hajdu
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Siddesh V. Hartimath
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
| | - Kayla Wharton
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kishor M. Wasan
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
- Saskatchewan Centre for Cyclotron Sciences (SCCS), The Fedoruk Centre, 120 Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, 103 University Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
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Pereira MT, Malik M, Nostro JA, Mahler GJ, Musselman LP. Effect of dietary additives on intestinal permeability in both Drosophila and a human cell co-culture. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm034520. [PMID: 30504122 PMCID: PMC6307910 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased intestinal barrier permeability has been correlated with aging and disease, including type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis and irritable bowel syndrome. The prevalence of these ailments has risen together with an increase in industrial food processing and food additive consumption. Additives, including sugar, metal oxide nanoparticles, surfactants and sodium chloride, have all been suggested to increase intestinal permeability. We used two complementary model systems to examine the effects of food additives on gut barrier function: a Drosophila in vivo model and an in vitro human cell co-culture model. Of the additives tested, intestinal permeability was increased most dramatically by high sugar. High sugar also increased feeding but reduced gut and overall animal size. We also examined how food additives affected the activity of a gut mucosal defense factor, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), which fluctuates with bacterial load and affects intestinal permeability. We found that high sugar reduced IAP activity in both models. Artificial manipulation of the microbiome influenced gut permeability in both models, revealing a complex relationship between the two. This study extends previous work in flies and humans showing that diet can play a role in the health of the gut barrier. Moreover, simple models can be used to study mechanisms underlying the effects of diet on gut permeability and function.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Mridu Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Jillian A Nostro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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Meng QF, Rao L, Zan M, Chen M, Yu GT, Wei X, Wu Z, Sun Y, Guo SS, Zhao XZ, Wang FB, Liu W. Macrophage membrane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal tumor therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:134004. [PMID: 29334363 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa7c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology possesses the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. The ideal nanoparticles used for in vivo cancer therapy should have long blood circulation times and active cancer targeting. Additionally, they should be harmless and invisible to the immune system. Here, we developed a biomimetic nanoplatform with the above properties for cancer therapy. Macrophage membranes were reconstructed into vesicles and then coated onto magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). Inherited from the Fe3O4 core and the macrophage membrane shell, the resulting Fe3O4@MM NPs exhibited good biocompatibility, immune evasion, cancer targeting and light-to-heat conversion capabilities. Due to the favorable in vitro and in vivo properties, biomimetic Fe3O4@MM NPs were further used for highly effective photothermal therapy of breast cancer in nude mice. Surface modification of synthetic nanomaterials with biomimetic cell membranes exemplifies a novel strategy for designing an ideal nanoplatform for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Fang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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14
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Hetényi G, Griesser J, Fontana S, Gutierrez AM, Ellemunter H, Niedermayr K, Szabó P, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Amikacin-containing self-emulsifying delivery systems via pulmonary administration for treatment of bacterial infections of cystic fibrosis patients. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:717-732. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to develop self-emulsifying delivery systems (SEDDS) exhibiting improved permeation rate for pulmonary delivery of amikacin for treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Materials & methods: Solubility of amikacin in lipids was improved by hydrophobic ion pairing with sodium myristyl sulfate. The complex was loaded into SEDDS. Drug-release studies were performed and the permeation properties of SEDDS through human CF mucus were examined. Results: A total of 10% complex could be loaded into SEDDS. SEDDS exhibited sustained release. Up to twofold more amounts of amikacin permeated through the CF mucus compared with reference. Conclusion: The developed SEDDS with amikacin may be a promising tool for the treatment of certain bacterial infections of CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Hetényi
- Thiomatrix Forschungs – und Beratungs GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Janine Griesser
- Thiomatrix Forschungs – und Beratungs GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Fontana
- Thiomatrix Forschungs – und Beratungs GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Helmut Ellemunter
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Child & Adolescent Health, Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Niedermayr
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Department of Child & Adolescent Health, Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Péter Szabó
- University Pharmacy Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Thiomatrix Forschungs – und Beratungs GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Griesser J, Hetényi G, Kadas H, Demarne F, Jannin V, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Self-emulsifying peptide drug delivery systems: How to make them highly mucus permeating. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Je HJ, Kim ES, Lee JS, Lee HG. Release Properties and Cellular Uptake in Caco-2 Cells of Size-Controlled Chitosan Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10899-10906. [PMID: 29172499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The influences of particle size on the physicochemical, release, and cellular uptake properties of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were investigated. Ionotropic CSNPs of different sizes (200-1000 nm) loaded with two model core materials (resveratrol or coumarin-6) were prepared using tripolyphosphate and carrageenan as cross-linkers. With an increase of particle size, zeta potential (34.6 ± 0.5 to 51.1 ± 0.9) and entrapment efficiency (14.9 ± 1.4 to 40.9 ± 1.9) of the CSNPs were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and release rates were decreased. However, Caco-2 cellular uptake of CSNPs were significantly increased from 3.70 ± 0.03 to 5.24 ± 0.20 with an increase of particle size from 200 to 600 nm, whereas those significantly decreased from 5.24 ± 0.20 to 4.55 ± 0.2 for particles larger than 600 nm in transwell assay. Moreover, much the same uptake patterns were also observed in confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Investigation of cellular uptake of CSNPs revealed positive correlations between ZP and EE and indicated the effects of complex factors of nanoparticles other than size. These results provide a better understanding of CSNPs absorption and raises the possibility of controlling alternative nanoparticle properties to enhance bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Suh Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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17
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Griesser J, Burtscher S, Köllner S, Nardin I, Prüfert F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Zeta potential changing self-emulsifying drug delivery systems containing phosphorylated polysaccharides. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 119:264-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Food contact materials and gut health: Implications for toxicity assessment and relevance of high molecular weight migrants. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:1-18. [PMID: 28830834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut health is determined by an intact epithelial barrier and balanced gut microbiota, both involved in the regulation of immune responses in the gut. Disruption of this system contributes to the etiology of various non-communicable diseases, including intestinal, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders. Studies suggest that some direct food additives, but also some food contaminants, such as pesticide residues and substances migrating from food contact materials (FCMs), may adversely affect the gut barrier or gut microbiota. Here, we focus on gut-related effects of FCM-relevant substances (e.g. surfactants, N-ring containing substances, nanoparticles, and antimicrobials) and show that gut health is an underappreciated target in the toxicity assessment of FCMs. Understanding FCMs' impact on gut health requires more attention to ensure safety and prevent gut-related chronic diseases. Our review further points to the existence of large population subgroups with an increased intestinal permeability; this may lead to higher uptake of compounds of not only low (<1000 Da) but also high (>1000 Da) molecular weight. We discuss the potential toxicological relevance of high molecular weight compounds in the gut and suggest that the scientific justification for the application of a molecular weight-based cut-off in risk assessment of FCMs should be reevaluated.
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19
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Griesser J, Hetényi G, Moser M, Demarne F, Jannin V, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Hydrophobic ion pairing: Key to highly payloaded self-emulsifying peptide drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2017; 520:267-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Michel D, Mohammed-Saeid W, Getson H, Roy C, Poorghorban M, Chitanda JM, Verrall R, Badea I. Evaluation of β-cyclodextrin-modified gemini surfactant-based delivery systems in melanoma models. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6703-6712. [PMID: 28003746 PMCID: PMC5161338 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel drug delivery systems are developed to improve the biological behavior of poorly soluble drugs and to improve therapeutic outcomes. In melanoma therapy, the goal is efficient drug delivery and mitigation of drug resistance. Melphalan (Mel), a currently used therapeutic agent for melanoma, requires solvent system for solubilization, leading to poor chemical stability. Moreover, drug resistance often renders the drug inefficient in clinical setting. A novel β-cyclodextrin-modified gemini surfactant (CDgemini) delivery system was developed to incorporate Mel in order to improve its physicochemical and biological behavior. Melphalan nanoparticles (Mel-NP) showed optimal particle size in the 200-250 nm range for endocytosis and induced significantly higher cell death compared with Mel (50% of inhibitory concentration [IC50] of 36 µM for the complexes vs 82 µM for Mel). The CDgemini delivery system did not alter the pathway of the cellular death triggered by Mel and caused no intrinsic toxicity to the cells. The Mel-NP complexes induced significant cell death in melanoma cells that were rendered resistant to Mel. These findings demonstrate in principle the applicability of the CDgemini delivery system as safe and efficient alternative to the current melanoma therapy, especially in chemoresistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Michel
- Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition
| | | | - Heather Getson
- Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition
| | - Caitlin Roy
- Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition
| | | | - Jackson M Chitanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ronald Verrall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- Drug Design and Discovery Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition
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21
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Banerjee A, Qi J, Gogoi R, Wong J, Mitragotri S. Role of nanoparticle size, shape and surface chemistry in oral drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 238:176-185. [PMID: 27480450 PMCID: PMC5289391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles find intriguing applications in oral drug delivery since they present a large surface area for interactions with the gastrointestinal tract and can be modified in various ways to address the barriers associated with oral delivery. The size, shape and surface chemistry of nanoparticles can greatly impact cellular uptake and efficacy of the treatment. However, the interplay between particle size, shape and surface chemistry has not been well investigated especially for oral drug delivery. To this end, we prepared sphere-, rod- and disc-shaped nanoparticles and conjugated them with targeting ligands to study the influence of size, shape and surface chemistry on their uptake and transport across intestinal cells. A triple co-culture model of intestinal cells was utilized to more closely mimic the intestinal epithelium. Results demonstrated higher cellular uptake of rod-shaped nanoparticles in the co-culture compared to spheres regardless of the presence of active targeting moieties. Transport of nanorods across the intestinal co-culture was also significantly higher than spheres. The findings indicate that nanoparticle-mediated oral drug delivery can be potentially improved with departure from spherical shape which has been traditionally utilized for the design of nanoparticles. We believe that understanding the role of nanoparticle geometry in intestinal uptake and transport will bring forth a paradigm shift in nanoparticle engineering for oral delivery and non-spherical nanoparticles should be further investigated and considered for oral delivery of therapeutic drugs and diagnostic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jianping Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Rohan Gogoi
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jessica Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Center for Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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22
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Hildebrandt N, Spillmann CM, Algar WR, Pons T, Stewart MH, Oh E, Susumu K, Díaz SA, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Energy Transfer with Semiconductor Quantum Dot Bioconjugates: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing, Energy Harvesting, and Other Developing Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:536-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas Pons
- LPEM;
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University; CNRS; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Sebastian A. Díaz
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, United States
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23
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Jain AS, Dhawan VV, Sarmento B, Nagarsenker MS. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluations of Lipid Anti-Cancer Nanoformulations: Insights and Assessment of Bioavailability Enhancement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:553-71. [PMID: 27068527 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoformulations have been extensively investigated for improving oral efficacy of plethora of drugs. Chemotherapeutic agents remain a preferred option for effective management of cancer; however, most chemotherapeutic agents suffer from limitation of poor oral bioavailability that is associated with their physicochemical properties. Drug delivery via lipid-based nanosystems possesses strong rational and potential for improving oral bioavailability of such anti-cancer molecules through various mechanisms, viz. improving their gut solubilisation owing to micellization, improving mucosal permeation, improving lymphatic uptake, inhibiting intestinal metabolism and/or inhibiting P-glycoprotein efflux of molecules in the gastrointestinal tract. Various in vitro characterization techniques have been reported in literature that aid in getting insights into mechanisms of lipid-based nanodevices in improving oral efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. The review focuses on different characterization techniques that can be employed for evaluation of lipid-based nanosystems and their role in effective anti-cancer drug delivery.
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24
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Oh E, Liu R, Nel A, Gemill KB, Bilal M, Cohen Y, Medintz IL. Meta-analysis of cellular toxicity for cadmium-containing quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:479-86. [PMID: 26925827 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationships between the physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials and their toxicity is critical for environmental and health risk analysis. However, this task is confounded by material diversity, heterogeneity of published data and limited sampling within individual studies. Here, we present an approach for analysing and extracting pertinent knowledge from published studies focusing on the cellular toxicity of cadmium-containing semiconductor quantum dots. From 307 publications, we obtain 1,741 cell viability-related data samples, each with 24 qualitative and quantitative attributes describing the material properties and experimental conditions. Using random forest regression models to analyse the data, we show that toxicity is closely correlated with quantum dot surface properties (including shell, ligand and surface modifications), diameter, assay type and exposure time. Our approach of integrating quantitative and categorical data provides a roadmap for interrogating the wide-ranging toxicity data in the literature and suggests that meta-analysis can help develop methods for predicting the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Columbia, Maryland 21046, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1496, USA
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
| | - Andre Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Kelly Boeneman Gemill
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, SW Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1496, USA
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1592, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, SW Washington, Washington DC 20375, USA
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25
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Ye D, Dawson KA, Lynch I. A TEM protocol for quality assurance of in vitro cellular barrier models and its application to the assessment of nanoparticle transport mechanisms across barriers. Analyst 2015; 140:83-97. [PMID: 25303735 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here a protocol to characterise and monitor the quality of in vitro human cellular barrier models using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can be applied for transport assays, mechanistic studies and screening of drug/compound (including nanoparticle) penetration across such biological barriers. Data from two examples of biological barriers are given, namely the hCMEC/D3 endothelial blood-brain barrier model, and the Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barrier model, to show the general applicability of the method. Several aspects of this method are applicable to the quality assurance of in vitro barrier models, e.g., assessment of the multi or mono-layer structure of the endothelial cells; identification of any potential "holes" in the barrier that could confound transport assay results; validation of tight junction expression; and determination of the types and amounts of key cellular organelles present in the barrier to account for any significant changes in phenotype that may occur compared to the in vivo situation. The method described here provides a key advantage in that it prevents loss of the filter membrane during monolayer sectioning, thereby preserving critical details associated with the basal cell membrane. Applicability of the protocol for other in vitro biological barriers, such as the blood-foetus, blood-testes, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and lung alveolar-capillary barriers is also discussed. Additionally, we demonstrate the use of the method for assessment of nanoparticle transport across cellular barriers and elucidation of transcytosis mechanisms. Sequential events of cellular endocytosis, localisation and transcytosis can be described in detail by TEM imaging, revealing useful sub-cellular details that provide evidence for the mechanism of nanoparticle transport in the hCMEC/D3 blood-brain barrier model and the Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell model. Potential artefacts resulting from the nanoparticles interacting with the Transwell membranes can also be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ye
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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26
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Walczak AP, Kramer E, Hendriksen PJM, Helsdingen R, van der Zande M, Rietjens IMCM, Bouwmeester H. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion increases the translocation of polystyrene nanoparticles in an in vitro intestinal co-culture model. Nanotoxicology 2015; 9:886-94. [PMID: 25672814 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.988664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The conditions of the gastrointestinal tract may change the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and therewith the bioavailability of orally taken NPs. Therefore, we assessed the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the protein corona of polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) and their subsequent translocation across an in vitro intestinal barrier. A co-culture of intestinal Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells was exposed to 50 nm PS-NPs of different charges (positive and negative) in two forms: pristine and digested in an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. In vitro digestion significantly increased the translocation of all, except the "neutral", PS-NPs. Upon in vitro digestion, translocation was 4-fold higher for positively charged NPs and 80- and 1.7-fold higher for two types of negatively charged NPs. Digestion significantly reduced the amount of protein in the corona of three out of four types of NPs. This reduction of proteins was 4.8-fold for "neutral", 3.5-fold for positively charged and 1.8-fold for one type of negatively charged PS-NPs. In vitro digestion also affected the composition of the protein corona of PS-NPs by decreasing the presence of higher molecular weight proteins and shifting the protein content of the corona to low molecular weight proteins. These findings are the first to report that in vitro gastrointestinal digestion significantly affects the protein corona and significantly increases the in vitro translocation of differently charged PS-NPs. These findings stress the importance of including the in vitro digestion in future in vitro intestinal translocation screening studies for risk assessment of orally taken NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata P Walczak
- a Division of Toxicology , Wageningen University , Wageningen , The Netherlands and.,b RIKILT Wageningen UR , Wageningen , The Netherlands
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27
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Song ZM, Chen N, Liu JH, Tang H, Deng X, Xi WS, Han K, Cao A, Liu Y, Wang H. Biological effect of food additive titanium dioxide nanoparticles on intestine: anin vitrostudy. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1169-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Mei Song
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - Ni Chen
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Huan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyong Deng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - Wen-Song Xi
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - Kai Han
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
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28
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Lerner A, Matthias T. Changes in intestinal tight junction permeability associated with industrial food additives explain the rising incidence of autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:479-89. [PMID: 25676324 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing along with the expansion of industrial food processing and food additive consumption. The intestinal epithelial barrier, with its intercellular tight junction, controls the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self-antigens. As a result, particular attention is being placed on the role of tight junction dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD. Tight junction leakage is enhanced by many luminal components, commonly used industrial food additives being some of them. Glucose, salt, emulsifiers, organic solvents, gluten, microbial transglutaminase, and nanoparticles are extensively and increasingly used by the food industry, claim the manufacturers, to improve the qualities of food. However, all of the aforementioned additives increase intestinal permeability by breaching the integrity of tight junction paracellular transfer. In fact, tight junction dysfunction is common in multiple autoimmune diseases and the central part played by the tight junction in autoimmune diseases pathogenesis is extensively described. It is hypothesized that commonly used industrial food additives abrogate human epithelial barrier function, thus, increasing intestinal permeability through the opened tight junction, resulting in entry of foreign immunogenic antigens and activation of the autoimmune cascade. Future research on food additives exposure-intestinal permeability-autoimmunity interplay will enhance our knowledge of the common mechanisms associated with autoimmune progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Carmel Medical Center, B, Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel institute of Technology, Michal St, No. 7, Haifa 34362, Israel.
| | - Torsten Matthias
- Aesku.Kipp Institute, Mikroforum Ring 2, Wendelsheim 55234, Germany.
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29
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Janer G, Mas del Molino E, Fernández-Rosas E, Fernández A, Vázquez-Campos S. Cell uptake and oral absorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2014; 228:103-10. [PMID: 24793716 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Large efforts are invested on the development of in vitro tests to evaluate nanomaterial (NM) toxicity. In order to assess the relevance of the adverse effects identified in in vitro toxicity tests a thorough understanding of the biokinetics of NMs is critical. We used different in vitro and in vivo test methods to evaluate cell uptake and oral absorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). These NPs were readily uptaken by A549 cells (carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells) in vitro. Such rapid uptake contrasted with a very low oral absorption in a differentiated Caco-2 monolayer system (human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) and after oral gavage administration to rats. In this oral study, no significant increase in the levels of titanium was recorded by ICP-MS in any of the tissues evaluated (including among other: small intestine, Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen). No NPs were observed by TEM in sections of the small intestine, except for several particles in the cytoplasm of a cell from a Peyer's Patch area. The observation of NPs in Peyer's Patch suggests that the Caco-2 monolayer system is likely to underestimate the potential for oral absorption of NPs and that the model could be improved by including M-cells in co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janer
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/de la Innovació, 2, Terrassa, 08225, Spain
| | - E Mas del Molino
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/de la Innovació, 2, Terrassa, 08225, Spain
| | - E Fernández-Rosas
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/de la Innovació, 2, Terrassa, 08225, Spain
| | - A Fernández
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/de la Innovació, 2, Terrassa, 08225, Spain
| | - S Vázquez-Campos
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/de la Innovació, 2, Terrassa, 08225, Spain.
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30
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Tao W, Zeng X, Zhang J, Zhu H, Chang D, Zhang X, Gao Y, Tang J, Huang L, Mei L. Synthesis of cholic acid-core poly(ε-caprolactone-ran-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 random copolymer as a chemotherapeutic nanocarrier for liver cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1262-1274. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DTX-loaded CA-(PCL-ran-PLA)-b-PEG1k NPs were prepared and shown great potential as drug delivery nanocarriers for cancer therapy.
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31
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Win KY, Ye E, Teng CP, Jiang S, Han MY. Engineering polymeric microparticles as theranostic carriers for selective delivery and cancer therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1571-5. [PMID: 23712912 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional polymeric nano- and microparticles are engineered as theranostic carriers and their selective size-dependent cellular uptake is demonstrated. It is found that effective uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles occurs in both normal and cancer cells, whereas, that of microparticles occurs in cancer cells but not in normal cells, allowing cancer cells to be specifically targeted for local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Yin Win
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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32
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Araújo F, Sarmento B. Towards the characterization of an in vitro triple co-culture intestine cell model for permeability studies. Int J Pharm 2013; 458:128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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33
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Krasia-Christoforou T, Georgiou TK. Polymeric theranostics: using polymer-based systems for simultaneous imaging and therapy. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3002-3025. [PMID: 32261003 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanomedicine is a large and fast growing field. Polymer-based systems have been extensively used as therapeutic carriers as well as bioimaging agents for example in tumour diagnosis. However, fewer polymeric systems have been able to combine both therapy and imaging in a new field that is called theranostics (theragnostics). This review aims to summarise the recent developments and trends on polymeric theranostics. Four different types of therapies/treatments are examined namely drug delivery, gene delivery, photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia treatment combined with different imaging moieties like magnetic resonance imaging agents, fluorescent agents and microbubbles for ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C, Chaudhury I, Tang H, Gabrielson NP, Uckun FM, Cheng J. Supramolecular self-assembled nanoparticles mediate oral delivery of therapeutic TNF-α siRNA against systemic inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5757-61. [PMID: 23610013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Yin L, Song Z, Qu Q, Kim KH, Zheng N, Yao C, Chaudhury I, Tang H, Gabrielson NP, Uckun FM, Cheng J. Supramolecular Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Mediate Oral Delivery of Therapeutic TNF-α siRNA against Systemic Inflammation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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