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Niloy KK, Lowe TL. Injectable systems for long-lasting insulin therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115121. [PMID: 37898336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Insulin therapy is the mainstay to treat diabetes characterizedd by hyperglycemia. However, its short half-life of only 4-6 min limits its effectiveness in treating chronic diabetes. Advances in recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering have led to several insulin analogue products that have up to 42 h of glycemic control. However, these insulin analogues still require once- or twice-daily injections for optimal glycemic control and have poor patient compliance and adherence issues. To achieve insulin release for more than one day, different injectable delivery systems including microspheres, in situ forming depots, nanoparticles and composite systems have been developed. Several of these delivery systems have advanced to clinical trials for once-weekly insulin injection. This review comprehensively summarizes the developments of injectable insulin analogs and delivery systems covering the whole field of injectable long-lasting insulin technologies from prototype design, preclinical studies, clinical trials to marketed products for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Kulldeep Niloy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Tao L Lowe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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2
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Zhang H, Gu Z, Li W, Guo L, Wang L, Guo L, Ma S, Han B, Chang J. pH-sensitive O-carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate nanohydrogel for enhanced oral delivery of insulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:433-445. [PMID: 36347366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is considered the most preferred mode of treatment because of its high patient compliance and minimal invasiveness. However, the oral delivery of protein drug has been a difficult problem which restricts its application due to the unstable and inefficient penetration of protein in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, a novel OCMC/SA nanohydrogel was prepared by using of O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMC) and sodium alginate (SA) to solve the problem. The OCMC/SA had a typical nanostructure, which was helpful to increase the specific surface area and enhanced the bioavailability of the drugs. OCMC/SA had a high drug loading capacity and realized passive drug targeting function by responding to the different pH value of the microenvironment. It could have a certain protective effect on drugs in strong acid circumstances, while its structure got loosed and effectively released drugs in intestinal circumstances. OCMC/SA could release the drug for >12 h, and the released insulin could maintain high activity. OCMC/SA nanohydrogel showed promising results in type 1 diabetic rats, and its pharmacological bioavailability was 6.57 %. In conclusion, this study constructed a novel OCMC/SA nanohydrogel, which had a lot of exciting characteristics and provided a new strategy for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhiyang Gu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenya Li
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Lili Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Litong Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Lan Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Saibo Ma
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Baoqin Han
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266235, PR China
| | - Jing Chang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266235, PR China.
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3
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Chitosan for biomedical applications, promising antidiabetic drug delivery system, and new diabetes mellitus treatment based on stem cell. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:417-432. [PMID: 34450151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since chitosan's excellent pharmacokinetic and chemical properties, it is an attractive and promising carbohydrate biopolymer in biomedical applications. Chitosan's beneficial function in the defense and propagation of pancreatic β cells, reducing hyperglycemia, and avoiding diabetes mellitus associated with impaired lipid metabolism has been demonstrated in several studies. Additionally, chitosan has also been used in various nanocarriers to deliver various antidiabetic drugs to reduce glucose levels. Herein, the first to provide the currently available potential benefits of chitosan in diabetes mellitus treatment focuses on chitosan-based nanocarriers for oral administration of various antidiabetic drugs nasal and subcutaneous passages. Moreover, chitosan is used to activate and deliver stem cells and differentiate them into cells similar to pancreatic beta cells as a new type of treatment for type one diabetes mellitus. The results of this review will be helpful in the development of promising treatments and better control of diabetes mellitus.
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Banach Ł, Williams GT, Fossey JS. Insulin Delivery Using Dynamic Covalent Boronic Acid/Ester‐Controlled Release. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Banach
- School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham West Midlands B15 2TT UK
| | - George T. Williams
- School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham West Midlands B15 2TT UK
| | - John S. Fossey
- School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham West Midlands B15 2TT UK
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Fu Y, Ding Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yu P. Poly ethylene glycol (PEG)-Related controllable and sustainable antidiabetic drug delivery systems. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113372. [PMID: 33744689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging threats to global public health. To improve the therapy efficacy of antidiabetic drugs, numerous drug delivery systems have been developed. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polymeric family sharing the same skeleton but with different molecular weights which is considered as a promising material for drug delivery. In the delivery of antidiabetic drugs, PEG captures much attention in the designing and preparation of sustainable and controllable release systems due to its unique features including hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to the unique architecture, PEG molecules are also able to shelter delivery systems to decrease their immunogenicity and avoid undesirable enzymolysis. PEG has been applied in plenty of delivery systems such as micelles, vesicles, nanoparticles and hydrogels. In this review, we summarized several commonly used PEG-contained antidiabetic drug delivery systems and emphasized the advantages of stimuli-responsive function in these sustainable and controllable formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Fu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Ding
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Litao Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IPCM, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jiang Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
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Sarkar S, Das D, Dutta P, Kalita J, Wann SB, Manna P. Chitosan: A promising therapeutic agent and effective drug delivery system in managing diabetes mellitus. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sharma D, Singh J. Long-term glycemic control and prevention of diabetes complications in vivo using oleic acid-grafted-chitosan‑zinc-insulin complexes incorporated in thermosensitive copolymer. J Control Release 2020; 323:161-178. [PMID: 32283211 PMCID: PMC7299807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Daily injections for basal insulin therapy are far from ideal resulting in hypo/hyperglycemic episodes associated with fatal complications in type-1 diabetes patients. Here we report a delivery system that provides controlled release of insulin closely mimicking physiological basal insulin requirement for an extended period following a single subcutaneous injection. Stability of insulin was significantly improved by formation of zinc-insulin hexamers, further stabilized by electrostatic complex formation with chitosan polymer. Insulin complexes were homogenously incorporated into PLA-PEG-PLA, a biodegradable thermogel copolymer, that instantaneously forms a subcutaneous gel-depot following injection. Chitosan polymer was hydrophobically modified using oleic acid prior to complex formation with insulin to enable distribution of oleic acid-grafted-chitosan‑zinc-insulin complexes into the hydrophobic core of PLA-PEG-PLA thermogel-copolymer micelles. In vivo, daily administration of marketed long-acting insulin, glargine, resulted in fluctuating blood glucose levels between 91 and 443 mg/dL in type 1 diabetic rats. However, single administration of thermogel copolymeric formulation successfully demonstrated slow diffusion of insulin complexes maintaining peak-free basal insulin level of 21 mU/L for 91 days. Sustained release of basal insulin also correlated with efficient glycemic control (blood glucose <120 mg/dL), prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis and absence of cataract development, unlike other treatment groups. Moreover, there was no sign of inflammation, tissue damage, or collagen deposition around depot site, suggesting exceptional biocompatibility of the formulation for long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, USA.
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Mumuni MA, Kenechukwu FC, Ofokansi KC, Attama AA, Díaz DD. Insulin-loaded mucoadhesive nanoparticles based on mucin-chitosan complexes for oral delivery and diabetes treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Lipp L, Sharma D, Banerjee A, Singh J. In Vitro and in Vivo Optimization of Phase Sensitive Smart Polymer for Controlled Delivery of Rivastigmine for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharm Res 2020; 37:34. [PMID: 31942651 PMCID: PMC6996875 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and most common form of dementia afflicting over 35 million people worldwide. Rivastigmine is a widely used therapeutic for ameliorating clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. However, current treatments require frequent dosing either orally or via transdermal patch that lead to compliance issues and administration errors risking serious adverse effects. Our objective was to develop a smart polymer based delivery system for controlled release of rivastigmine over an extended period following a single subcutaneous injection. METHODS Rivastigmine release was optimized by tailoring critical factors including polymer concentration, polymer composition, drug concentration, solvent composition, and drug hydrophobicity (rivastigmine tartrate vs base). Optimized in vitro formulation was evaluated in vivo for safety and efficacy. RESULTS Formulation prepared using PLGA (50:50) at 5% w/v in 95:5 benzyl benzoate: benzoic acid demonstrated desirable controlled drug release characteristics in vitro. The formulation demonstrated sustained release of rivastigmine tartrate for 7 days in vivo with promising biocompatibility and acetylcholinesterase inhibition efficacy for 14 days. CONCLUSION The results exemplify an easily injectable controlled release formulation of rivastigmine prepared using phase-sensitive smart polymer. The optimized formulation significantly increases the dosing interval, and can potentially improve patient compliance as well as quality of life of patients living with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Lipp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA.
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Fu M, Wang Z, Zhu XX, Guan Y, Zhang Y. A sustained zero-order release carrier for long-acting, peakless basal insulin therapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1952-1959. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new drug carrier, which mimics physiologic basal insulin, and secretes and releases insulin at a constant rate, was designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Mian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Zuwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Canada
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J. Smart Thermosensitive Copolymer Incorporating Chitosan-Zinc-Insulin Electrostatic Complexes for Controlled Delivery of Insulin: Effect of Chitosan Chain Length. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019; 69:1054-1068. [PMID: 33012880 PMCID: PMC7529327 DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1655750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to optimize thermosensitive copolymeric depot-based system for delivering insulin at a controlled rate for a prolonged period following a single subcutaneous injection. Intrinsic ability of insulin to form hexamers in the presence of zinc and electrostatic complexes with chitosan (CS) were explored for improving stability and release characteristics of insulin through the copolymeric depot. CS-zinc-insulin complexes were prepared using CS of different chain lengths (5, 30, 50, 200 kDa). Effect of different chain lengths of CS on the thermal stability, binding constant, and release profile of insulin was determined. Increasing chain length of CS demonstrated increasing thermal stability of insulin. However, higher chain length of CS adversely affected the release profile of insulin. Hydrolytic degradation analysis showed rapid degradation of copolymer in formulation containing higher chain length of CS (200 kDa)-zinc-insulin complexes, implying formation of bigger pores and channels in copolymeric matrix during initial release in this system. However, formulation containing smaller chain length of CS (5 kDa)-zinc-insulin complexes demonstrated slow copolymer degradation and sustained insulin release profile. Additionally, CS-zinc-insulin complexes were effective in preserving stability of insulin during the entire duration of release and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
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Guo F, Huang D, Zhang W, Yan Q, Yang Q, Yang Y, Li H, Yun J, Hong W, Yang G. Star-shaped polyester-based elastomers as an implantable delivery system for insulin: Development, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bailey CJ. Glucose-lowering therapies in type 2 diabetes: Opportunities and challenges for peptides. Peptides 2018; 100:9-17. [PMID: 29412837 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This overview considers the opportunities and challenges that face the use of gluco-regulatory peptides to treat type 2 diabetes. New insulin analogues and formulations are being developed with pharmacokinetic properties to speed-up or prolong transfer from a subcutaneous injection site to the target tissues, or to selectively favour effects on the liver. Alternative routes of insulin administration continue to attract attention, and advances in the integration of glucose monitoring with insulin pump devices are improving miniaturised 'closed loop' artificial pancreas systems. Proof of concept has been established for non-cellular glucose-responsive insulin delivery ('smart insulins') to release insulin from implants or circulating depots in proportion to circulating glucose. The many peptides involved in blood glucose control offer diverse therapeutic opportunities. Exploitation of multiple selected receptor targets using constructs of hybrid and chimeric peptides, especially those based on glucagon and gastrointestinal hormones, has gained much credence from initial preclinical studies. Peptide templates identified from comparative endocrine studies have also provided valuable insights in this respect and indicated novel approaches to address associated conditions such as obesity and infections at the same time. Nevertheless, there are many challenges to the use of therapeutic peptides that impose on every step in the complex pathway from design and testing through to making a fully characterised therapeutic product, and optimising administration, tissue targeting and degradation. Stability of peptides and immunological uncertainties of novel structures require particular consideration as well as the need to avoid over-reduction of blood glucose into hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J Bailey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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14
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Potential of insulin nanoparticle formulations for oral delivery and diabetes treatment. J Control Release 2017; 264:247-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhang Z, Cai H, Liu Z, Yao P. Effective Enhancement of Hypoglycemic Effect of Insulin by Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Containing Cholic Acid-Modified Chitosan Derivative. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2433-42. [PMID: 27266268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver is responsible for the balance of blood glucose level. In this study, cholic acid and N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC-CA) was used as a liver-targeted vehicle for insulin delivery. A novel approach was developed to effectively load insulin by mixing insulin and HTCC-CA in 50% ethanol and water mixed solvent at pH 2 and then dialysis against pH 7.4 phosphate buffer subsequently against water. The insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles have an average diameter of 86 nm and insulin loading efficiency of 98.7%. Due to random distribution of the hydrophobic cholic acid groups in HTCC-CA, some of the cholic acid groups located on the nanoparticle surface. Compared with free insulin, the nanoparticles increased in vitro cellular uptake of insulin to 466%, and the nanoparticles accumulated in liver for more time after subcutaneous injection into mice. The therapy for diabetic rats displayed that the nanoparticles increased the pharmacological bioavailability of insulin to 475% relative to free insulin, and the nanoparticles could maintain the hypoglycemic effect for more than 24 h. This study demonstrates that the nanoparticles with cholic acid groups on their surface possess liver-targeted property and biocompatible insulin-loaded HTCC-CA nanoparticles can effectively enhance the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huanxin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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Jeon HY, Jung SH, Jung YM, Kim YM, Ghandehari H, Ha KS. Array-Based High-Throughput Analysis of Silk-Elastinlike Protein Polymer Degradation and C-Peptide Release by Proteases. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5398-405. [PMID: 27109435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to utilize an on-chip degradation assay to evaluate polymer depots and the predicted drug release from the depots. We conjugated four silk-elastinlike protein (SELP) polymers including SELP-815K, SELP-815K-RS1, SELP-815K-RS2, and SELP-815K-RS5 with a Cy5-NHS ester and fabricated SELP arrays by immobilizing the conjugated polymers onto well-type amine arrays. SELP polymer degradation rates were investigated by calculating the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50). Eight cleavage enzymes were applied, all of which exhibited distinctive EC50 values for SELP-815K and its three analogues. We successfully utilized this assay to study the in vitro release of the Cy5-conjugated C-peptide from SELP-815K hydrogel arrays. Additionally, cumulative C-peptide release from the SELP-815K depots was also demonstrated using repetitive elastase treatments. Therefore, this array-based on-chip degradation assay could potentially be used for evaluating depot degradation and controlled drug release from polymer depots at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine , Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Korea
| | - Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine , Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Korea
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine , Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Korea
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea.,Departments of Phamaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine , Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Korea
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Li X, Yi W, Jin A, Duan Y, Min S. Effects of sequentially released BMP-2 and BMP-7 from PELA microcapsule-based scaffolds on the bone regeneration. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:1417-1428. [PMID: 26396672 PMCID: PMC4568797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoinductive biomaterials are helpful for the therapy of large bone defects and provide an alternative to autogenous bone and allografts. Recently, multiple growth factors are delivered to mimic the natural process of bone healing in the bone tissue engineering. Herein, we investigated the effects of sequential released bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) from polylactide-poly (ethylene glycol)-polylactide (PELA) microcapsule-based scaffolds on the bone regeneration. Through improving the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique, BMP-7 was encapsulated in PELA microcapsules, to the surface of which BMP-2 was attached. Then, the scaffold (BMP-2/PELA/BMP-7) was fused by these microcapsules with dichloromethane vapor method. In vitro, it sequentially delivered bioactive BMP-2 and BMP-7 and partially imitated the profile of BMPs expression during the fracture healing. To determine the bioactivity of released BMP-2 and BMP-7, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was analyzed in MC3T3-E1 cells. When compared with simple BMP-2 plus BMP-7group and pure PELA group, the AKP activity in BMP-2/PELA/BMP-7 group significantly increased. MTT assay indicated the BMP-loaded PELA scaffold had no adverse effects on cell activity. In addition, the effects of BMP-loaded scaffolds were also investigated in a rat femoral defect model by micro-computed tomographic (mCT) and histological examination. At 4 and 8 weeks post-implantation, BMP-2/PELA/BMP-7 significantly promoted osteogenesis as compared to other groups. The scaffold underwent gradual degradation and replacement by new bones at 8 weeks. Our findings suggest that the sequential release of BMP-2 and BMP-7from PELA microcapsule-based scaffolds is promising for the therapy of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeShenzhen 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Guangdong Medical CollegeShenzhen 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Anmin Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoxiong Min
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
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Chu MKL, Gordijo CR, Li J, Abbasi AZ, Giacca A, Plettenburg O, Wu XY. In vivo performance and biocompatibility of a subcutaneous implant for real-time glucose-responsive insulin delivery. Diabetes Technol Ther 2015; 17:255-67. [PMID: 25671341 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2014.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An implantable, glucose-responsive insulin delivery microdevice was reported previously by our group, providing rapid insulin release in response to hyperglycemic events and efficacy in vivo over a 1-week period when implanted intraperitoneally in rats with diabetes. Herein, we focused on the improvement of the microdevice prototype for long-term glycemic control by subcutaneous (SC) implantation, which allows for easy retrieval and replacement as needed. To surmount the strong immune response to the SC implant system, the microdevice was treated by surface modification with high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG). In vitro glucose-responsive insulin release, in vivo efficacy, and biocompatibility of the microdevice were studied. Modification with 20-kDa PEG chains greatly reduced the immune response without a significant change in glucose-responsive insulin release in vitro. The fibrous capsule thickness was reduced from approximately 1,000 μm for the untreated devices to 30-300 μm for 2-kDa PEG-treated and to 30-50 μm for 20-kDa PEG-treated devices after 30 days of implantation. The integrity of the glucose-responsive bioinorganic membrane and the resistance to acute and chronic immune response were improved with the long-chain 20-kDa PEG brush layer. The 20-kDa PEG-treated microdevice provided long-term maintenance of euglycemia in a rat model of diabetes for up to 18 days. Moreover, a consistent rapid response to short-term glucose challenge was demonstrated in multiple-day tests for the first time on rats with diabetes in which the devices were implanted. The improvement of the microdevice is a promising step toward a long-acting insulin implant system for a true, closed-loop treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K L Chu
- 1 Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Xu L, Sheybani N, Ren S, Bowlin GL, Yeudall WA, Yang H. Semi-interpenetrating network (sIPN) co-electrospun gelatin/insulin fiber formulation for transbuccal insulin delivery. Pharm Res 2014; 32:275-85. [PMID: 25030186 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work was aimed at developing a semi-interpenetrating network (sIPN) co-electrospun gelatin/insulin fiber scaffold (GIF) formulation for transbuccal insulin delivery. METHODS Gelatin was electrospun into fibers and converted into an sIPN following eosin Y-initiated polymerization of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA). The cytocompatibility, degradation rate and mechanical properties were examined in the resulting sIPNs with various ratios of PEG-DA to eosin Y to find a suitable formulation for transbuccal drug delivery. Insulin was co-electrospun with gelatin into fibers and converted into an sIPN-GIF using this suitable formulation. The in vitro release kinetics of insulin was evaluated using ELISA. The bioactivity of released insulin was analyzed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes using Western blotting and Oil Red O staining. The transbuccal permeability of released insulin was determined using an in vitro porcine oral mucosa model. RESULTS The sIPN-GF formulation of GF cross-linked by PEG-DA (1% w/v) with eosin Y (5% v/v) possessed no cytotoxic effect, a moderate degradation rate with degradation half-life of 49 min, and a significant enhancement in mechanical properties. This formulation was used to fabricate sIPN-GIF. Insulin release was extended up to 4 h by sIPN-GIF. The released insulin successfully triggered intracellular AKT phosphorylation and induced adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The transbuccal permeability of released insulin was determined on the order of 10(-7) cm/s. CONCLUSIONS Insulin can be fabricated into an sIPN-GIF formulation following co-electrospinning and cross-linking without losing bioactivity. It proved the potential of this new formulation for transbuccal insulin delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, P.O. Box 843067, Richmond, Virginia, 23284, USA,
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Mo R, Jiang T, Di J, Tai W, Gu Z. Emerging micro- and nanotechnology based synthetic approaches for insulin delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3595-629. [PMID: 24626293 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. The traditional administration requires frequent subcutaneous insulin injections that are associated with poor patient compliance, including pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, and nerve damage. Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strategies integrated with chemical approaches for insulin delivery have been investigated. This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery. Perspectives from new materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed. Advantages and limitations of current delivery methods, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Giri A, Bhunia T, Mishra SR, Goswami L, Panda AB, Bandyopadhyay A. A transdermal device from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted carboxymethyl guar gum–multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47511e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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