1
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Cochereau R, Voisin H, Solé-Jamault V, Novales B, Davy J, Jamme F, Renard D, Boire A. Influence of pH and lipid membrane on the liquid-liquid phase separation of wheat γ-gliadin in aqueous conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:252-263. [PMID: 38678881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Protein body (PB) formation in wheat seeds is a critical process influencing seed content and nutritional quality. In this study, we investigate the potential mechanisms governing PB formation through an in vitro approach, focusing on γ-gliadin, a key wheat storage protein. We used a microfluidic technique to encapsulate γ-gliadin within giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and tune the physicochemical conditions in a controlled and rapid way. We examined the influence of pH and protein concentration on LLPS and protein-membrane interactions using various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. We showed that γ-gliadin encapsulated in GUVs can undergo a pH-triggered liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) by two distinct mechanisms depending on the γ-gliadin concentration. At low protein concentrations, γ-gliadins phase separate by a nucleation and growth-like process, while, at higher protein concentration and pH above 6.0, γ-gliadin formed a bi-continuous phase suggesting a spinodal decomposition-like mechanism. Fluorescence and microscopy data suggested that γ-gliadin dense phase exhibited affinity for the GUV membrane, forming a layer at the interface and affecting the reversibility of the phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Novales
- INRAE, UR 1268 BIA, F-44300 Nantes, France; INRAE, PROBE/CALIS Research Infrastructures, BIBS Facility, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | | | - Frédéric Jamme
- DISCO Beamline, SOLEIL Synchrotron, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Pires CL, Moreno MJ. Improving the Accuracy of Permeability Data to Gain Predictive Power: Assessing Sources of Variability in Assays Using Cell Monolayers. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:157. [PMID: 39057665 PMCID: PMC11278619 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The ability to predict the rate of permeation of new compounds across biological membranes is of high importance for their success as drugs, as it determines their efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile. In vitro permeability assays using Caco-2 monolayers are commonly employed to assess permeability across the intestinal epithelium, with an extensive number of apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values available in the literature and a significant fraction collected in databases. The compilation of these Papp values for large datasets allows for the application of artificial intelligence tools for establishing quantitative structure-permeability relationships (QSPRs) to predict the permeability of new compounds from their structural properties. One of the main challenges that hinders the development of accurate predictions is the existence of multiple Papp values for the same compound, mostly caused by differences in the experimental protocols employed. This review addresses the magnitude of the variability within and between laboratories to interpret its impact on QSPR modelling, systematically and quantitatively assessing the most common sources of variability. This review emphasizes the importance of compiling consistent Papp data and suggests strategies that may be used to obtain such data, contributing to the establishment of robust QSPRs with enhanced predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana L. Pires
- Coimbra Chemistry Center—Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Moreno
- Coimbra Chemistry Center—Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Odehnalová K, Balouch M, Storchmannová K, Petrová E, Konefał M, Zadražil A, Berka K, Brus J, Štěpánek F. Liposomal Copermeation Assay Reveals Unexpected Membrane Interactions of Commonly Prescribed Drugs. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2673-2683. [PMID: 38682796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The permeation of small molecules across biological membranes is a crucial process that lies at the heart of life. Permeation is involved not only in the maintenance of homeostasis at the cell level but also in the absorption and biodistribution of pharmacologically active substances throughout the human body. Membranes are formed by phospholipid bilayers that represent an energy barrier for permeating molecules. Crossing this energy barrier is assumed to be a singular event, and permeation has traditionally been described as a first-order kinetic process, proportional only to the concentration gradient of the permeating substance. For a given membrane composition, permeability was believed to be a unique property dependent only on the permeating molecule itself. We provide experimental evidence that this long-held view might not be entirely correct. Liposomes were used in copermeation experiments with a fluorescent probe, where simultaneous permeation of two substances occurred over a single phospholipid bilayer. Using an assay of six commonly prescribed drugs, we have found that the presence of a copermeant can either enhance or suppress the permeation rate of the probe molecule, often more than 2-fold in each direction. This can have significant consequences for the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of commonly prescribed drugs when used in combination and provide new insight into so-far unexplained drug-drug interactions as well as changing the perspective on how new drug candidates are evaluated and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Odehnalová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Balouch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, Prague 10 102 37, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Storchmannová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Petrová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Zadražil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
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4
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Tian R, Posselt M, Miaz LT, Fenner K, McLachlan MS. Influence of Season on Biodegradation Rates in Rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7144-7153. [PMID: 38527158 PMCID: PMC11044578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradation plays a key role in the fate of chemicals in the environment. The variability of biodegradation in time can cause uncertainty in evaluating the environmental persistence and risk of chemicals. However, the seasonality of biodegradation in rivers has not yet been the subject of environmentally relevant testing and systematic investigation for large numbers of chemicals. In this work, we studied the biodegradation of 96 compounds during four seasons at four locations (up- and downstream of WWTPs located on two Swedish rivers). Significant seasonality (ANOVA, p < 0.05) of the first-order rate constant for primary biodegradation was observed for most compounds. Variations in pH and total bacterial cell count were not the major factors explaining the seasonality of biodegradation. Deviation from the classical Arrhenius-type behavior was observed for most of the studied compounds, which calls into question the application of this relationship to correct biodegradation rate constants for differences in environmental temperature. Similarities in magnitude and seasonality of biodegradation rate constants were observed for some groups of chemicals possessing the same functional groups. Moreover, reduced seasonality of biodegradation was observed downstream of WWTPs, while biodegradation rates of most compounds were not significantly different between up- and downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Tian
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Luc T. Miaz
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michael S. McLachlan
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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5
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Harris J, Chipot C, Roux B. How is Membrane Permeation of Small Ionizable Molecules Affected by Protonation Kinetics? J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:795-811. [PMID: 38227958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
According to the pH-partition hypothesis, the aqueous solution adjacent to a membrane is a mixture of the ionization states of the permeating molecule at fixed Henderson-Hasselbalch concentrations, such that each state passes through the membrane in parallel with its own specific permeability. An alternative view, based on the assumption that the rate of switching ionization states is instantaneous, represents the permeation of ionizable molecules via an effective Boltzmann-weighted average potential (BWAP). Such an assumption is used in constant-pH molecular dynamics simulations. The inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion framework can be used to compute the pH-dependent membrane permeability for each of these two limiting treatments. With biased WTM-eABF molecular dynamics simulations, we computed the potential of mean force and diffusivity of each ionization state of two weakly basic small molecules: nicotine, an addictive drug, and varenicline, a therapeutic for treating nicotine addiction. At pH = 7, the BWAP effective permeability is greater than that determined by pH-partitioning by a factor of 2.5 for nicotine and 5 for varenicline. To assess the importance of ionization kinetics, we present a Smoluchowski master equation that includes explicitly the protonation and deprotonation processes coupled with the diffusive motion across the membrane. At pH = 7, the increase in permeability due to the explicit ionization kinetics is negligible for both nicotine and varenicline. This finding is reaffirmed by combined Brownian dynamics and Markov state model simulations for estimating the permeability of nicotine while allowing changes in its ionization state. We conclude that for these molecules the pH-partition hypothesis correctly captures the physics of the permeation process. The small free energy barriers for the permeation of nicotine and varenicline in their deprotonated neutral forms play a crucial role in establishing the validity of the pH-partitioning mechanism. Essentially, BWAP fails because ionization kinetics are too slow on the time scale of membrane crossing to affect the permeation of small ionizable molecules such as nicotine and varenicline. For the singly protonated state of nicotine, the computational results agree well with experimental measurements (P1 = 1.29 × 10-7 cm/s), but the agreement for neutral (P0 = 6.12 cm/s) and doubly protonated nicotine (P2 = 3.70 × 10-13 cm/s) is slightly worse, likely due to factors associated with the aqueous boundary layer (neutral form) or leaks through paracellular pathways (doubly protonated form).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Christophe Chipot
- Laboratoire International Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Unité Mixte de Recherche n◦7019, Université de Lorraine, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, Beckman Institute, and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Benoît Roux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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6
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Pandey P, MacKerell AD. Combining SILCS and Artificial Intelligence for High-Throughput Prediction of the Passive Permeability of Drug Molecules. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5903-5915. [PMID: 37682640 PMCID: PMC10603762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Membrane permeability of drug molecules plays a significant role in the development of new therapeutic agents. Accordingly, methods to predict the passive permeability of drug candidates during a medicinal chemistry campaign offer the potential to accelerate the drug design process. In this work, we combine the physics-based site identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) method and data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) to create a high-throughput predictive model for the passive permeability of druglike molecules. In this study, we present a comparative analysis of four regression models to predict membrane permeabilities of small druglike molecules; of the tested models, Random Forest was the most predictive yielding an R2 of 0.81 for the independent data set. The input feature vector used to train the developed prediction model includes absolute free energy profiles of ligands through a POPC-cholesterol bilayer based on ligand grid free energy (LGFE) profiles obtained from the SILCS approach. The use of the membrane free energy profiles from SILCS offers information on the physical forces contributing to ligand permeability, while the use of AI yields a more predictive model trained on experimental PAMPA permeability data for a collection of 229 molecules. This combination allows for rapid estimations of ligand permeability at a level of accuracy beyond currently available predictive models while offering insights into the contributions of the functional groups in the ligands to the permeability barrier, thereby offering quantitative information to facilitate rational ligand design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn St., HSF II-633, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn St., HSF II-633, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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7
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Matoori S. Vesicular Diagnostics: A Spotlight on Lactate- and Ammonia-Sensing Systems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1315-1322. [PMID: 36917016 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are a highly successful drug delivery system with over 15 FDA-approved formulations. Beyond delivering drugs, lipid and polymer vesicles have successfully been used for diagnostic applications. These applications range from more traditional uses, such as releasing diagnostic agents in a controlled manner, to leveraging the unique membrane properties to separate analytes and provide isolated reaction compartments in complex biological matrices. In this Spotlight on Applications, I highlight the complexities in the development and translation of diagnostic vesicles with two case studies, a liposomal reaction compartment for lactate sensing and a transmembrane pH-gradient polymersome for ammonia sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Matoori
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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8
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Mazzanti L, Ha-Duong T. Understanding Passive Membrane Permeation of Peptides: Physical Models and Sampling Methods Compared. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055021. [PMID: 36902455 PMCID: PMC10003141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The early characterization of drug membrane permeability is an important step in pharmaceutical developments to limit possible late failures in preclinical studies. This is particularly crucial for therapeutic peptides whose size generally prevents them from passively entering cells. However, a sequence-structure-dynamics-permeability relationship for peptides still needs further insight to help efficient therapeutic peptide design. In this perspective, we conducted here a computational study for estimating the permeability coefficient of a benchmark peptide by considering and comparing two different physical models: on the one hand, the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model, which requires umbrella-sampling simulations, and on the other hand, a chemical kinetics model which necessitates multiple unconstrained simulations. Notably, we assessed the accuracy of the two approaches in relation to their computational cost.
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9
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Benmameri M, Chantemargue B, Humeau A, Trouillas P, Fabre G. MemCross: Accelerated Weight Histogram method to assess membrane permeability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184120. [PMID: 36669638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Passive permeation events across biological membranes are determining steps in the pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics. To reach an accurate and rapid prediction of membrane permeation coefficients of drugs is a complex challenge, which can efficiently support drug discovery. Such predictions are indeed highly valuable as they may guide the selection of potential leads with optimum bioavailabilities prior to synthesis. Theoretical models exist to predict these coefficients. Many of them are based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which allow calculation of permeation coefficients through the evaluation of both the potential of mean force (PMF) and the diffusivity profiles. However, these simulations still require intensive computational efforts, and novel methodologies should be developed and benchmarked. Free energy perturbation (FEP) method was recently shown to estimate PMF with a significantly reduced computational cost compared to the adaptive biasing force method. This benchmarking was achieved with small molecules, namely short-chain alcohols. Here, we show that to estimate the PMF of bulkier, drug-like xenobiotics, conformational sampling is a critical issue. To reach a sufficient sampling with FEP calculations requires a relatively long time-scale, which can lower the benefits related to the computational gain. In the present work, the Accelerated Weight Histogram (AWH) method was employed for the first time in all-atom membrane models. The AWH-based protocol, named MemCross, appears affordable to estimate PMF profiles of a series of drug-like xenobiotics, compared to other enhanced sampling methods. The continuous exploration of the crossing pathway by MemCross also allows modeling subdiffusion by computing fractional diffusivity profiles. The method is also versatile as its input parameters are largely insensitive to the molecule properties. It also ensures a detailed description of the molecule orientations along the permeation pathway, picturing all intermolecular interactions at an atomic resolution. Here, MemCross was applied on a series of 12 xenobiotics, including four weak acids, and a coherent structure-activity relationship was established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM, UMR 1248, F-87000 Limoges, France; CATRIN RCPTM, 779 00 Olomouc, Holice, Czech Republic
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10
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Harada R, Morita R, Shigeta Y. Free-Energy Profiles for Membrane Permeation of Compounds Calculated Using Rare-Event Sampling Methods. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:259-269. [PMID: 36574612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The free-energy profile of a compound is an essential measurement in evaluating the membrane permeation process by means of theoretical methods. Computationally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation allows the free-energy profile calculation. However, MD simulations frequently fail to sample membrane permeation because they are rare events induced in longer timescales than the accessible timescale of MD, leading to an insufficient conformational search to calculate an incorrect free-energy profile. To achieve a sufficient conformational search, several enhanced sampling methods have been developed and elucidated the membrane permeation process. In addition to these enhanced sampling methods, we proposed a simple yet powerful free-energy calculation of a compound for the membrane permeation process based on originally rare-event sampling methods developed by us. Our methods have a weak dependency on external biases and their optimizations to promote the membrane permeation process. Based on distributed computing, our methods only require the selection of initial structures and their conformational resampling, whereas the enhanced sampling methods may be required to adjust external biases. Furthermore, our methods efficiently search membrane permeation processes with simple scripts without modifying any MD program. As demonstrations, we calculated the free-energy profiles of seven linear compounds for their membrane permeation based on a hybrid conformational search using two rare-event sampling methods, that is, (1) parallel cascade selection MD (PaCS-MD) and (2) outlier flooding method (OFLOOD), combined with a Markov state model (MSM) construction. In the first step, PaCS-MD generated initial membrane permeation paths of a compound. In the second step, OFLOOD expanded the unsearched conformational area around the initial paths, allowing for a broad conformational search. Finally, the trajectories were employed to construct reliable MSMs, enabling correct free-energy profile calculations. Furthermore, we estimated the membrane permeability coefficients of all compounds by constructing the reliable MSMs for their membrane permeation. In conclusion, the calculated coefficients were qualitatively correlated with the experimental measurements (correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.8689), indicating that the hybrid conformational search successfully calculated the free-energy profiles and membrane permeability coefficients of the seven compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Harada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8577, Japan
| | - Rikuri Morita
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki305-8577, Japan
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11
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Miyabe K, Inaba S, Umeda M. A study on attempt for determination of permeation kinetics of coumarin at lipid bilayer of liposomes by using capillary electrophoresis with moment analysis theory. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463691. [PMID: 36542884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It was tried to develop a moment analysis method for the determination of lipid membrane permeability. The first absolute and second central moments of elution peaks measured by liposome electrokinetic chromatography (LEKC) are analyzed by using moment equations. As a concrete example, elution peak profiles of coumarin in a LEKC system, in which liposomes consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn‑glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) are used as a pseudo-stationary phase, were analyzed. It seems that lipid membrane permeability of coumarin across the lipid bilayer of POPC/PS liposomes was measured by the moment analysis method because previous permeability measurements using parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) and Caco-2 cells indicated that coumarin is permeable across lipid bilayer. However, it was also pointed out that the moment analysis method with LEKC is not effective for the determination of lipid membrane permeability and that it provides information about adsorption/desorption kinetics at lipid bilayer of liposomes. Therefore, different moment equations were also developed for the determination of adsorption/desorption rate constants of coumarin from the LEKC data. It was demonstrated that permeation rate constants at lipid bilayer or adsorption/desorption rate constants can be determined from the LEKC data on the basis of moment analysis theory for the mass transfer phenomena of coumarin at the lipid bilayer of POPC/PS liposomes. Mass transfer kinetics of solutes at lipid bilayer should be determined under the conditions that liposomes originally be because they are self-assembling and dynamic systems formed through weak interactions between phospholipid monomers. The moment analysis method using LEKC is effective for the experimental determination of the mass transfer rate constants at the lipid bilayer of liposomes because neither immobilization nor chemical modification of liposomes is necessary when LEKC data are measured. It is expected that the results of this study contribute to the dissemination of an opportunity for the determination of permeation rate constants or adsorption/desorption rate constants at the lipid bilayer of liposomes to many researchers because capillary electrophoresis is widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Miyabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshimaku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Shunta Inaba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshimaku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Momoko Umeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshimaku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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12
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Cordeiro MM, Salvador A, Moreno MJ. Calculation of Permeability Coefficients from Solute Equilibration Dynamics: An Assessment of Various Methods. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030254. [PMID: 35323728 PMCID: PMC8951150 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the rate at which substances permeate membrane barriers in vivo is crucial for drug development. Permeability coefficients obtained from in vitro studies are valuable for this goal. These are normally determined by following the dynamics of solute equilibration between two membrane-separated compartments. However, the correct calculation of permeability coefficients from such data is not always straightforward. To address these problems, here we develop a kinetic model for solute permeation through lipid membrane barriers that includes the two membrane leaflets as compartments in a four-compartment model. Accounting for solute association with the membrane allows assessing various methods in a wide variety of conditions. The results showed that the often-used expression Papp= β × r/3 is inapplicable to very large or very small vesicles, to moderately or highly lipophilic solutes, or when the development of a significant pH gradient opposes the solute’s flux. We establish useful relationships that overcome these limitations and allow predicting permeability in compartmentalised in vitro or in vivo systems with specific properties. Finally, from the parameters for the interaction of the solute with the membrane barrier, we defined an intrinsic permeability coefficient that facilitates quantitative comparisons between solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M. Cordeiro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armindo Salvador
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC—Centre for Neuroscience Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Maria João Moreno
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.J.M.)
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13
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Sharifian Gh M. Recent Experimental Developments in Studying Passive Membrane Transport of Drug Molecules. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2122-2141. [PMID: 33914545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to measure the passive membrane permeation of drug-like molecules is of fundamental biological and pharmaceutical importance. Of significance, passive diffusion across the cellular membranes plays an effective role in the delivery of many pharmaceutical agents to intracellular targets. Hence, approaches for quantitative measurement of membrane permeability have been the topics of research for decades, resulting in sophisticated biomimetic systems coupled with advanced techniques. In this review, recent developments in experimental approaches along with theoretical models for quantitative and real-time analysis of membrane transport of drug-like molecules through mimetic and living cell membranes are discussed. The focus is on time-resolved fluorescence-based, surface plasmon resonance, and second-harmonic light scattering approaches. The current understanding of how properties of the membrane and permeant affect the permeation process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifian Gh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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14
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Sicard F, Koskin V, Annibale A, Rosta E. Position-Dependent Diffusion from Biased Simulations and Markov State Model Analysis. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2022-2033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Sicard
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, SE1 1DB London, U.K
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, U.K
| | - Vladimir Koskin
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, SE1 1DB London, U.K
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, U.K
| | - Alessia Annibale
- Department of Mathematics, King’s College London, SE11 6NJ London, U.K
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, SE1 1DB London, U.K
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, U.K
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15
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Bachler S, Ort M, Krämer SD, Dittrich PS. Permeation Studies across Symmetric and Asymmetric Membranes in Microdroplet Arrays. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5137-5144. [PMID: 33721989 PMCID: PMC8014892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the permeation of molecules across lipid membranes on an open microfluidic platform. An array of droplet pairs was created by spotting aqueous droplets, dispersed in a lipid oil solution, onto a plate with cavities surrounded by a hydrophobic substrate. Droplets in two adjacent cavities come in contact and form an artificial lipid bilayer, called a droplet interface bilayer (DIB). The method allows for monitoring permeation of fluorescently tagged compounds from a donor droplet to an acceptor droplet. A mathematical model was applied to describe the kinetics and determine the permeation coefficient. We also demonstrate that permeation kinetics can be followed over a series of droplets, all connected via DIBs. Moreover, by changing the lipid oil composition after spotting donor droplets, we were able to create asymmetric membranes that we used to mimic the asymmetry of the cellular plasma membrane. Finally, we developed a protocol to separate and extract the droplets for label-free analysis of permeating compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our versatile platform has the potential to become a new tool for the screening of drug membrane permeability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Ort
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Sugiyama H, Osaki T, Takeuchi S, Toyota T. Perfusion Chamber for Observing a Liposome-Based Cell Model Prepared by a Water-in-Oil Emulsion Transfer Method. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19429-19436. [PMID: 32803036 PMCID: PMC7424586 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For the construction of a chemical model of contemporary living cells, the so-called water-in-oil emulsion transfer (WOET) method has drawn much attention as one of the promising preparation protocols for cell-sized liposomes encapsulating macromolecules and even micrometer-sized colloidal particles in high yields. Combining the throughput and accuracy of the observation is the key to developing a synthetic approach based on the liposomes prepared by the WOET method. Recent advances in microfluidic technology can provide a solution. By means of surface modification of a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-type microfluidic device integrating size-sorting and trapping modules, here, we enabled a simultaneous direct observation of the liposomes with a narrow size distribution, which were prepared by the WOET method. As a demonstration, we evaluated the variance of encapsulation of polystyrene colloidal particles and water permeability of the cell-sized liposomes prepared by the WOET method in the device. Since the liposomes prepared by the WOET method are useful for constructing cell models with an easy protocol, the current system will lead to a critical development of not only supramolecular chemistry and soft matter physics but also synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Sugiyama
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Osaki
- Institute
of Industrial Science, The University of
Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Kanagawa
Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Institute
of Industrial Science, The University of
Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Department
of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and
Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department
of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Universal
Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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17
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Karabulut S, Toprak M. Biophysical study of phloretin with human serum albumin in liposomes using spectroscopic methods. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:463-472. [PMID: 32705322 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of drugs to diffuse through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes is important for their metabolism, distribution, and efficacy. In this study, the interaction between phloretin and human serum albumin (HSA) in an L-egg lecithin phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposome suspension was investigated by fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy. The spectroscopic and fluorescence quenching experiments show that phloretin molecules penetrated into the lumen of the liposome. The partition coefficient of phloretin in the PC liposome suspensions was calculated from fluorescence quenching measurements. The results show that phloretin efficiently quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through a combination of dynamic and static quenching. The values of Gibbs free energy, and the enthalpy and entropic change in the binding process of phloretin with HSA in the PC liposome suspensions were negative, suggesting that the binding process of phloretin and HSA was spontaneous. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force interactions play an important role in the interaction between the two molecules. In addition, binding of phloretin to HSA in liposome suspensions was investigated by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Karabulut
- Department of Chemistry, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Toprak
- Department of Chemistry, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey.
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18
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Juračka J, Šrejber M, Melíková M, Bazgier V, Berka K. MolMeDB: Molecules on Membranes Database. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2019:5523873. [PMID: 31250015 PMCID: PMC6597476 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes act as barriers or reservoirs for many compounds within the human body. As such, they play an important role in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs and other molecular species. Until now, most membrane/drug interactions have been inferred from simple partitioning between octanol and water phases. However, the observed variability in membrane composition and among compounds themselves stretches beyond such simplification as there are multiple drug–membrane interactions. Numerous experimental and theoretical approaches are used to determine the molecule–membrane interactions with variable accuracy, but there is no open resource for their critical comparison. For this reason, we have built Molecules on Membranes Database (MolMeDB), which gathers data about over 3600 compound–membrane interactions including partitioning, penetration and positioning. The data have been collected from scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals and complemented by in-house calculations from high-throughput COSMOmic approach to set up a baseline for further comparison. The data in MolMeDB are fully searchable and browsable by means of name, SMILES, membrane, method or dataset and we offer the collected data openly for further reuse and we are open to further additions. MolMeDB can be a powerful tool that could help researchers better understand the role of membranes and to compare individual approaches used for the study of molecule/membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Juračka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. 17, listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šrejber
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. 17, listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Melíková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. 17, listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Bazgier
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. 17, listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Berka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. 17, listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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19
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Quantitative accounting of dye leakage and photobleaching in single lipid vesicle measurements: Implications for biomacromolecular interaction analysis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Weingart OG, Eyer K, Lüchtenborg C, Sachsenheimer T, Brügger B, van Oostrum M, Wollscheid B, Dittrich PS, Loessner MJ. In vitro quantification of botulinum neurotoxin type A1 using immobilized nerve cell-mimicking nanoreactors in a microfluidic platform. Analyst 2019; 144:5755-5765. [PMID: 31433410 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial toxin botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is not only an extremely toxic substance but also a potent pharmaceutical compound that is used in a wide spectrum of neurological disorders and cosmetic applications. The quantification of the toxin is extremely challenging due to its extraordinary high physiological potency and is further complicated by the toxin's three key functionalities that are necessary for its activity: receptor binding, internalization-translocation, and catalytic activity. So far, the industrial standard to measure the active toxin has been the mouse bioassay (MBA) that is considered today as outdated due to ethical issues. Therefore, recent introductions of cell-based assays were highly anticipated; their impact however remains limited due to their labor-intensive implementation. This report describes a new in vitro approach that combines a nanosensor based on the use of nerve cell-mimicking nanoreactors (NMN) with microfluidic technology. The nanosensor was able to measure all three key functionalities, and therefore suitable to quantify the amount of physiologically active BoNT/A. The integration of such a sensor in a microfluidic device allowed the detection and quantification of BoNT/A amounts in a much shorter time than the MBA (<10 h vs. 2-4 days). Lastly, the system was also able to reliably quantify physiologically active BoNT/A within a simple final pharmaceutical formulation. This complete in vitro testing system and its unique combination of a highly sensitive nanosensor and microfluidic technology represent a significant ethical advancement over in vivo measures and a possible alternative to cell-based in vitro detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Weingart
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Yue Z, Li C, Voth GA, Swanson JMJ. Dynamic Protonation Dramatically Affects the Membrane Permeability of Drug-like Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13421-13433. [PMID: 31382734 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Permeability (Pm) across biological membranes is of fundamental importance and a key factor in drug absorption, distribution, and development. Although the majority of drugs will be charged at some point during oral delivery, our understanding of membrane permeation by charged species is limited. The canonical model assumes that only neutral molecules partition into and passively permeate across membranes, but there is mounting evidence that these processes are also facile for certain charged species. However, it is unknown whether such ionizable permeants dynamically neutralize at the membrane surface or permeate in their charged form. To probe protonation-coupled permeation in atomic detail, we herein apply continuous constant-pH molecular dynamics along with free energy sampling to study the permeation of a weak base propranolol (PPL), and evaluate the impact of including dynamic protonation on Pm. The simulations reveal that PPL dynamically neutralizes at the lipid-tail interface, which dramatically influences the permeation free energy landscape and explains why the conventional model overestimates the assigned intrinsic permeability. We demonstrate how fixed-charge-state simulations can account for this effect, and propose a revised model that better describes pH-coupled partitioning and permeation. Our results demonstrate how dynamic changes in protonation state may play a critical role in the permeation of ionizable molecules, including pharmaceuticals and drug-like molecules, thus requiring a revision of the standard picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yue
- Department of Chemistry, James Frank Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Chenghan Li
- Department of Chemistry, James Frank Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Gregory A Voth
- Department of Chemistry, James Frank Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Jessica M J Swanson
- Department of Chemistry, James Frank Institute, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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22
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Lee Y, Choi SQ. Quantitative analysis for lipophilic drug transport through a model lipid membrane with membrane retention. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 134:176-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Spontaneous solute and solvent permeation through membranes is of vital importance to human life, be it gas exchange in red blood cells, metabolite excretion, drug/toxin uptake, or water homeostasis. Knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms is the sine qua non of every functional assignment to membrane transporters. The basis of our current solubility diffusion model was laid by Meyer and Overton. It correlates the solubility of a substance in an organic phase with its membrane permeability. Since then, a wide range of studies challenging this rule have appeared. Commonly, the discrepancies have their origin in ill-used measurement approaches, as we demonstrate on the example of membrane CO2 transport. On the basis of the insight that scanning electrochemical microscopy offered into solute concentration distributions in immediate membrane vicinity of planar membranes, we analyzed the interplay between chemical reactions and diffusion for solvent transport, weak acid permeation, and enzymatic reactions adjacent to membranes. We conclude that buffer reactions must also be considered in spectroscopic investigations of weak acid transport in vesicular suspensions. The evaluation of energetic contributions to membrane translocation of charged species demonstrates the compatibility of the resulting membrane current with the solubility diffusion model. A local partition coefficient that depends on membrane penetration depth governs spontaneous membrane translocation of both charged and uncharged molecules. It is determined not only by the solubility in an organic phase but also by other factors like cholesterol concentration and intrinsic electric membrane potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Hannesschlaeger
- From the Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , 4020 Linz , Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- From the Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , 4020 Linz , Austria
| | - Peter Pohl
- From the Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , 4020 Linz , Austria
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24
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The Effect of Buffers on Weak Acid Uptake by Vesicles. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020063. [PMID: 30781892 PMCID: PMC6406578 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of weak acid membrane permeability (Pm) frequently involves large unilamellar vesicles. It relies on measurements of the intravesicular pH drop, ΔpHin, in response to a sudden augmentation of external acid concentration. However, ΔpHin may be primarily governed by non-instantaneous protonation and deprotonation reactions of (i) the acid itself, (ii) the buffer molecules, and (iii) the fluorescent pH reporter dye. Moreover, buffer concentration and acid gradient also serve as determinants of ΔpHin, as we show here. The uniexponential time constant (τ) of ΔpHin(t) is an invalid measure of Pm as Arrhenius plots of Pm and τ reveal different activation energies for acid influx. We calculate Pm by fitting a mathematical model to experimental stopped-flow traces. The model takes into account not only the time course of total internal buffer capacity but also (i) water self-dissociation, (ii) volume changes due to acid induced osmotic water flow, and (iii) the spontaneous membrane proton leak. It allows extracting a Pm of 30.8 ± 3.5 μm/s for formic acid for 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) vesicles.
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25
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Drücker P, Iacovache I, Bachler S, Zuber B, Babiychuk EB, Dittrich PS, Draeger A. Membrane deformation and layer-by-layer peeling of giant vesicles induced by the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3693-3705. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membranes under attack by the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin reveal a hitherto unknown layer-by-layer peeling mechanism and disclose the multilamellar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Drücker
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology
| | - Ioan Iacovache
- Laboratory of Experimental Morphology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Benoît Zuber
- Laboratory of Experimental Morphology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Eduard B. Babiychuk
- Department of Cell Biology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
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26
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Badaoui M, Kells A, Molteni C, Dickson CJ, Hornak V, Rosta E. Calculating Kinetic Rates and Membrane Permeability from Biased Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:11571-11578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magd Badaoui
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, SE1 1DB London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Kells
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, SE1 1DB London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Molteni
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom
| | - Callum J. Dickson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Mass Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Viktor Hornak
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Mass Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, SE1 1DB London, United Kingdom
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27
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Filipe HAL, Javanainen M, Salvador A, Galvão AM, Vattulainen I, Loura LMS, Moreno MJ. Quantitative Assessment of Methods Used To Obtain Rate Constants from Molecular Dynamics Simulations—Translocation of Cholesterol across Lipid Bilayers. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3840-3848. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A. L. Filipe
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Laboratory of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armindo Salvador
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adelino M. Galvão
- CQE—Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Laboratory of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- MEMPHYS—Center
for Biomembrane Physics, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luís M. S. Loura
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, P-3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Moreno
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Sezer D, Oruç T. Protonation Kinetics Compromise Liposomal Fluorescence Assay of Membrane Permeation. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5218-5227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sezer
- Faculty of Engineering and
Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Orhanlı-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Oruç
- Faculty of Engineering and
Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Orhanlı-Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Hermann KF, Neuhaus CS, Micallef V, Wagner B, Hatibovic M, Aschmann HE, Paech F, Alvarez-Sanchez R, Krämer SD, Belli S. Kinetics of lipid bilayer permeation of a series of ionisable drugs and their correlation with human transporter-independent intestinal permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:150-161. [PMID: 28366650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For low molecular weight drugs, lipid bilayer permeation is considered the major route for in vivo cell barrier passage. We recently introduced a fluorescence assay with liposomes to determine permeation kinetics of ionisable compounds across the lipid bilayer by monitoring drug-induced pH changes inside the liposomes. Here, we determined the permeability coefficients (PFLipP, FLipP for "Fluorescence Liposomal Permeability") across 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayers of 35 ionisable drugs at pH6.0 and compared them to available in vivo human jejunal permeability (Peff) data. PFLipP values were furthermore compared with published Caco-2 cell permeability coefficients (PCaco-2), permeability coefficients determined with the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) and with log D (pH6.0). The log PFLipP, corrected for predicted para-cellular diffusion, and log PCaco-2 correlated best with log Peff, with similar adjusted R2 (0.75 and 0.74, n=12). Our results suggest that transporter-independent intestinal drug absorption is predictable from liposomal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F Hermann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia S Neuhaus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Virgine Micallef
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Hatibovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène E Aschmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Paech
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rubén Alvarez-Sanchez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Belli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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30
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Dickson CJ, Hornak V, Pearlstein RA, Duca JS. Structure–Kinetic Relationships of Passive Membrane Permeation from Multiscale Modeling. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:442-452. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Callum J. Dickson
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery,
Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Viktor Hornak
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery,
Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert A. Pearlstein
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery,
Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jose S. Duca
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery,
Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Silver LL. A Gestalt approach to Gram-negative entry. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6379-6389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Direct Optofluidic Measurement of the Lipid Permeability of Fluoroquinolones. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32824. [PMID: 27604156 PMCID: PMC5015079 DOI: 10.1038/srep32824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying drug permeability across lipid membranes is crucial for drug development. In addition, reduced membrane permeability is a leading cause of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and hence there is a need for new technologies that can quantify antibiotic transport across biological membranes. We recently developed an optofluidic assay that directly determines the permeability coefficient of autofluorescent drug molecules across lipid membranes. Using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, we directly track drug accumulation in giant lipid vesicles as they traverse a microfluidic device while exposed to the drug. Importantly, our measurement does not require the knowledge of the octanol partition coefficient of the drug – we directly determine the permeability coefficient for the specific drug-lipid system. In this work, we report measurements on a range of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and find that their pH dependent lipid permeability can span over two orders of magnitude. We describe various technical improvements for our assay, and provide a new graphical user interface for data analysis to make the technology easier to use for the wider community.
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33
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Krämer SD, Aschmann HE, Hatibovic M, Hermann KF, Neuhaus CS, Brunner C, Belli S. When barriers ignore the "rule-of-five". Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:62-74. [PMID: 26877103 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Why are a few drugs with properties beyond the rule of 5 (bRo5) absorbed across the intestinal mucosa while most other bRo5 compounds are not? Are such exceptional bRo5 compounds exclusively taken up by carrier-mediated transport or are they able to permeate the lipid bilayer (passive lipoidal diffusion)? Our experimental data with liposomes indicate that tetracycline, which violates one rule of the Ro5, and rifampicin, violating three of the rules, significantly permeate a phospholipid bilayer with kinetics similar to labetalol and metoprolol, respectively. Published data from experimental work and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the formation of intramolecular H-bonds and the possibility to adopt an elongated shape besides the presence of a significant fraction of net neutral species facilitate lipid bilayer permeation. As an alternative to lipid bilayer permeation, carrier proteins can be targeted to improve absorption, with the potential drawbacks of drug-drug interactions and non-linear pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie D Krämer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hélène E Aschmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Hatibovic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina F Hermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia S Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill Brunner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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34
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Purushothaman S, Cama J, Keyser UF. Dependence of norfloxacin diffusion across bilayers on lipid composition. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:2135-2144. [PMID: 26768751 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in medicine and raises the need to develop and design new drug molecules that can efficiently inhibit bacterial replication. Spurring the passive uptake of the drug molecules is an obvious solution. However our limited understanding of drug-membrane interactions due to the presence of an overwhelming variety of lipids constituting cellular membranes and the lack of facile tools to probe the bio-physical interactions between drugs and lipids imposes a major challenge towards developing new drug molecules that can enter the cell via passive diffusion. Here, we used a label-free micro-fluidic platform combined with giant unilamellar lipid vesicles to investigate the permeability of membranes containing mixtures of DOPE and DOPG in DOPC, leading to a label-free measurement of passive membrane-permeability of autofluorescent antibiotics. A fluoroquinolone drug, norfloxacin was used as a case study. Our results indicate that the diffusion of norfloxacin is strongly dependent on the lipid composition which is not expected from the traditional octanol-lipid partition co-efficient assay. The anionic lipid, DOPG, slows the diffusion process whereas the diffusion across liposomes containing DOPE increases with higher DOPE concentration. Our findings emphasise the need to investigate drug-membrane interactions with focus on the specificity of drugs to lipids for efficient drug delivery, drug encapsulation and targeted drug-delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Purushothaman
- Biological and Soft Systems, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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35
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Oruç T, Küçük SE, Sezer D. Lipid bilayer permeation of aliphatic amine and carboxylic acid drugs: rates of insertion, translocation and dissociation from MD simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24511-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The overabundance of drugs containing aliphatic amine and carboxylic acid groups is rationalized in terms of their membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Oruç
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanc University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Sami Emre Küçük
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanc University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Deniz Sezer
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanc University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
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36
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Eyer K, Root K, Verboket PE, Dittrich PS. Detection of Infertility-related Neutralizing Antibodies with a Cell-free Microfluidic Method. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16551. [PMID: 26585778 PMCID: PMC4653734 DOI: 10.1038/srep16551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The unwanted emergence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against an endogenous or a therapeutic protein can result in deficiency diseases or therapy failure. Here, we developed a cell-free microfluidic method for the sensitive detection and quantification of nAbs in human serum that are associated with infertility. We used cell-derived vesicles containing the luteinizing hormone (LH)/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHHCGR) to detect nAbs against LH. The method exploits the entire cellular signal amplification mechanism, and facilitates the detection of as little as 0.44 nM of LH-nAb (Kd 1.5 nM) in human serum matrix within only 15 minutes. In addition, dose-response curves can be generated in less than 2 hours to evaluate the nAB concentration and dissociation constant. The developed system is devoid of problems associated with cell-based assays and we believe that this simple effect-directed analysis can be used in clinical environments, and is adaptable to other hormones or cytokines and their respective nAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Eyer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katharina Root
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pascal E. Verboket
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich Switzerland
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37
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Quantitative aspects of drug permeation across in vitro and in vivo barriers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 87:30-46. [PMID: 26493585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of permeation across epithelial and endothelial cell sheets and across cell membranes is determinant for the pharmacokinetics of a drug. In vitro transport experiments with cultured cells or artificial barriers have tremendously improved the predictability of the in vivo behaviour of tested compounds. This article focuses on the parameters and calculation methods that are used to describe permeation quantitatively, with a focus on in vitro experiments and the prediction of intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier passage. It shows under which in vitro experimental conditions standard calculations are adequate and under which conditions equations should be adapted to the experimental details. The impact of volume differences between donor and receiver compartments, pH gradients, addition of albumin, accumulation in the barrier and unidirectional transport by an efflux transporter on the results is shown in simulations. The article should make researchers aware of experimental factors that affect the outcome of a permeation experiment and how to account for this during data analysis. Finally, strategies to predict the in vivo behaviour of a compound based on the in vitro data are discussed. The goal of the article is to support researchers in choosing experimental conditions and calculation methods that deliver appropriate and reproducible results in permeation studies in vitro.
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38
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Gulde R, Helbling DE, Scheidegger A, Fenner K. pH-dependent biotransformation of ionizable organic micropollutants in activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13760-13768. [PMID: 25337862 DOI: 10.1021/es5037139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Removal of micropollutants (MPs) during activated sludge treatment can mainly be attributed to biotransformation and sorption to sludge flocs, whereby the latter process is known to be of minor importance for polar organic micropollutants. In this work, we investigated the influence of pH on the biotransformation of MPs with cationic-neutral speciation in an activated sludge microbial community. We performed batch biotransformation, sorption control, and abiotic control experiments for 15 MPs with cationic-neutral speciation, one control MP with neutral-anionic speciation, and two neutral MPs at pHs 6, 7, and 8. Biotransformation rate constants corrected for sorption and abiotic processes were estimated from measured concentration time series with Bayesian inference. We found that biotransformation is pH-dependent and correlates qualitatively with the neutral fraction of the ionizable MPs. However, a simple speciation model based on the assumption that only the neutral species is efficiently taken up and biotransformed by the cells tends to overpredict the effect of speciation. Therefore, additional mechanisms such as uptake of the ionic species and other more complex attenutation mechanisms are discussed. Finally, we observed that the sorption coefficients derived from our control experiments were small and showed no notable pH-dependence. From this we conclude that pH-dependent removal of polar, ionizable organic MPs in activated sludge systems is less likely an effect of pH-dependent sorption but rather of pH-dependent biotransformation. The latter has the potential to cause marked differences in the removal of polar, ionizable MPs at different operational pHs during activated sludge treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Gulde
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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39
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Dahlgren D, Roos C, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. Direct In Vivo Human Intestinal Permeability (Peff ) Determined with Different Clinical Perfusion and Intubation Methods. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:2702-26. [PMID: 25410736 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regional in vivo human intestinal effective permeability (Peff ) is calculated by measuring the disappearance rate of substances during intestinal perfusion. Peff is the most relevant parameter in the prediction of rate and extent of drug absorption from all parts of the intestine. Today, human intestinal perfusions are not performed on a routine basis in drug development. Therefore, it would be beneficial to increase the accuracy of the in vitro and in silico tools used to evaluate the intestinal Peff of novel drugs. This review compiles historical Peff data from 273 individual measurements of 80 substances from 61 studies performed in all parts of the human intestinal tract. These substances include: drugs, monosaccharaides, amino acids, dipeptides, vitamins, steroids, bile acids, ions, fatty acids, and water. The review also discusses the determination and prediction of Peff using in vitro and in silico methods such as quantitative structure-activity relationship, Caco-2, Ussing chamber, animal intestinal perfusion, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Finally, we briefly outline how to acquire accurate human intestinal Peff data by deconvolution of plasma concentration-time profiles following regional intestinal bolus dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Roos
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Cell-free microfluidic determination of P-glycoprotein interactions with substrates and inhibitors. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3415-25. [PMID: 24928366 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The membrane protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays key roles in the oral bioavailability of drugs, their blood brain barrier passage as well as in multidrug resistance. For new drug candidates it is mandatory to study their interaction with P-gp, according to FDA and EMA regulations. The vast majority of these tests are performed using confluent cell layers of P-gp overexpressing cell lines that render these tests laborious. In this study, we introduce a cell-free microfluidic assay for the rapid testing of drug- P-gp interactions. Cell-derived vesicles are prepared from MDCKII-MDR1 overexpressing cells and immobilized on the surface of a planar microfluidic device. The drug is delivered continuously to the vesicles and calcein accumulation is monitored by means of a fluorescence assay and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Only small amounts of compounds (~10 μl) are required in concentrations of 5, 25 and 50 μM for a test that provides within 5 min information on the apparent dissociation constant of the drug and P-gp. We tested 10 drugs on-chip, 9 of which are inhibitors or substrates of P-glycoprotein and one negative control. We benchmarked the measured apparent dissociation constants against an alternative assay on a plate reader and reference data from FDA. These comparisons revealed good correlations between the logarithmic apparent dissociation constants (R(2) = 0.95 with ATPase assay, R(2) = 0.93 with FDA data) and show the reliability of the rapid on-chip test. The herein presented assay has an excellent screening window factor (Z'-factor) of 0.8, and is suitable for high-throughput testing.
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41
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Smith D, Artursson P, Avdeef A, Di L, Ecker GF, Faller B, Houston JB, Kansy M, Kerns EH, Krämer SD, Lennernäs H, van de Waterbeemd H, Sugano K, Testa B. Passive Lipoidal Diffusion and Carrier-Mediated Cell Uptake Are Both Important Mechanisms of Membrane Permeation in Drug Disposition. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1727-38. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400713v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, S-752 63 Uppsala, Box 580, Sweden
| | - Alex Avdeef
- 1732 First
Avenue, #102, New York, New
York 10128, United States
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gerhard F. Ecker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna,
Althanstrasse, 141090 Wien, Austria
| | - Bernard Faller
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, WSJ-350.3.04, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. Brian Houston
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Manfred Kansy
- The Non-Clinical
Safety Department, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edward H. Kerns
- National Center for Advancing Translational
Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | | | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmacy, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, S-752 63 Uppsala, Box 580, Sweden
| | | | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Research
Formulation, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Bernard Testa
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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