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Janz P, Knoflach F, Bleicher K, Belli S, Biemans B, Schnider P, Ebeling M, Grundschober C, Benekareddy M. Selective oxytocin receptor activation prevents prefrontal circuit dysfunction and social behavioral alterations in response to chronic prefrontal cortex activation in male rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1286552. [PMID: 38145283 PMCID: PMC10745491 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1286552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social behavioral changes are a hallmark of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, nevertheless the underlying neural substrates of such dysfunction remain poorly understood. Building evidence points to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) as one of the key brain regions that orchestrates social behavior. We used this concept with the aim to develop a translational rat model of social-circuit dysfunction, the chronic PFC activation model (CPA). Methods Chemogenetic designer receptor hM3Dq was used to induce chronic activation of the PFC over 10 days, and the behavioral and electrophysiological signatures of prolonged PFC hyperactivity were evaluated. To test the sensitivity of this model to pharmacological interventions on longer timescales, and validate its translational potential, the rats were treated with our novel highly selective oxytocin receptor (OXTR) agonist RO6958375, which is not activating the related vasopressin V1a receptor. Results CPA rats showed reduced sociability in the three-chamber sociability test, and a concomitant decrease in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission within the PFC as measured by electrophysiological recordings in acute slice preparation. Sub-chronic treatment with a low dose of the novel OXTR agonist following CPA interferes with the emergence of PFC circuit dysfunction, abnormal social behavior and specific transcriptomic changes. Discussion These results demonstrate that sustained PFC hyperactivity modifies circuit characteristics and social behaviors in ways that can be modulated by selective OXTR activation and that this model may be used to understand the circuit recruitment of prosocial therapies in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Knoflach
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Bleicher
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Biemans
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schnider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ebeling
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Science, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Grundschober
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Madhurima Benekareddy
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States
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Edelmann MR, Bredack C, Belli S, Mohr P, Imhoff MP, Reggiani F, Kusznir EA, Rufer AC, Holt DP, Valentine H, Wong DF, Dannals RF, Honer M, Gobbi LC. Evaluation of Tetrazine Tracers for Pretargeted Imaging within the Central Nervous System. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1882-1893. [PMID: 37710950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The pretargeting approach separates the biological half-life of an antibody from the physical half-life of the radioisotope label, providing a strategy for reducing the radiation burden. A widely explored pretargeting approach makes use of the bioorthogonal click reaction between tetrazines (Tzs) and trans-cyclooctenes (TCOs), combining the targeting specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the rapid clearance and precise reaction of Tzs and TCOs. Such a strategy can allow for the targeting and imaging (e.g., by positron emission tomography (PET)) of molecular markers, which cannot be addressed by solely relying on small molecules. Tz derivatives that undergo inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions with an antibody bearing TCO moieties have been investigated. This study describes the synthesis and characterization of 11 cold Tz imaging agent candidates. These molecules have the potential to be radiolabeled with 18F or 3H, and with the former label, they could be of use as imaging tracers for positron emission tomography studies. Selection was made using a multiparameter optimization score for the central nervous system (CNS) PET tracers. Novel tetrazines were tested for their pH-dependent chemical stability. Those which turned out to be stable in a pH range of 6.5-8 were further characterized in in vitro assays with regard to their passive permeability, microsomal stability, and P-glycoprotein transport. Furthermore, selected Tzs were examined for their systemic clearance and CNS penetration in a single-dose pharmacokinetic study in rats. Two tetrazines were successfully labeled with 18F, one of which showed brain penetration in a biodistribution study in mice. Another Tz was successfully tritium-labeled and used to demonstrate a bioorthogonal click reaction on a TCO-modified antibody. As a result, we identified one Tz as a potential fluorine-18-labeled CNS-PET agent and a second as a 3H-radioligand for an IEDDA-based reaction with a modified brain-penetrating antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Edelmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Isotope Synthesis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Christoph Bredack
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Discovery & Translational Medicine Area, Biomarker and Translational Technologies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Pharmaceutical Science, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Peter Mohr
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Medicinal Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Paule Imhoff
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Medicinal Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Flore Reggiani
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Medicinal Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Eric A Kusznir
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Lead Discovery, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Arne C Rufer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Lead Discovery, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P Holt
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Heather Valentine
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Dean F Wong
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Section of High Resolution Brain PET, PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- ⧫Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Michael Honer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Discovery & Translational Medicine Area, Biomarker and Translational Technologies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Luca C Gobbi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Medicinal Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
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B Kolcu MI, Yurdakul H, Belli S. Regenerative endodontic treatment of an immature incisor tooth with a novel platelet-rich product: A five-year follow-up case report. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1388-1392. [PMID: 37794555 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_747_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This case report presents a five-year follow-up and the management of a necrotic, immature incisor tooth treated by a novel platelet-rich plasma/platelet extract solution and platelet-rich fibrin (PRP-PES/PRF) and the restoration by using a stress-reduced direct composite restoration (SRDC) technique. The patient with a broken maxillary lateral tooth was referred to our clinic. Extra/intra-oral examinations were within normal limits. The nonvital tooth having an apical lesion and open-apical apex was treated with a regenerative endodontic treatment procedure (REP), and further root development with continued apical closure was shown in the follow-ups up to 60 months. In conclusion, the SRDC and PRP-PES/PRF combination can be an opportunity for the teeth requiring post-restoration. In contrast to the treatment strategy susceptible to weakening or fracturing the patient's tooth root, the REP approach may lead to a better prognosis for the patient's tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I B Kolcu
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - H Yurdakul
- Batumi IVF Clinic, Batum, Adjara, Georgia, Turkey
| | - S Belli
- Department of Endodontics, Selcuk University, School of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey
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Santini CC, Schindler E, Attig J, Eckmann J, Vatakuti S, Brizzi F, Soubret A, Belli S. Abstract 843: Development of a quantitative systems pharmacology model for clinical dose and schedule optimization of RG6234, a T-cell engaging antibody targeting GPRC5D in multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: RG6234 is a GPRC5DxCD3 T-cell engaging bispecific antibody (TCB) that redirects T cells to target and eliminate cells expressing GPRC5D, including malignant plasma cells. RG6234 has a novel 2:1 (GPRC5D:CD3) configuration that confers bivalent binding to GPRC5D and increased T-cell directed killing compared with other molecular formats. RG6234 is initiated with Cycle 1 step-up dosing to mitigate the risk for severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS).
Introduction: We performed an in silico evaluation of the dynamics of soluble B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA), used as a surrogate for tumor burden and informing probability of response, and of the maximum release of IL-8, used as a surrogate for immune activation and informing the probability of CRS, using a QSP model. The model was calibrated with clinical data from 43 relapsed/refractory Multiple Myeloma (R/R MM) patients from the ongoing IV dose escalation study (NCT04557150).
The model was set up to: 1) perform patient-specific calibrations and characterize the population with regard to patients’ sensitivity to tumor killing and immune activation and associated heterogeneity; and 2) simulate different dosing regimens in virtual populations and predict their probability of response and CRS.
Here we present the model development and calibration results.
Methods: The QSP model is a minimal mechanistic model integrating key elements of the Mechanism of Action (MoA) of RG6234. It describes immune activation by RG6234 and resulting MM cell killing. It comprises a system of two ordinary differential equations and 20 parameters, two of which are fitted to longitudinal clinical data (sBCMA and IL-8).
Mechanistic assumptions regarding the MM disease and the MoA of RG6234 are represented in the model and supported by clinical or preclinical evidence. Of note, the immune tolerance observed in Cycle 1, indicated by the progressive decrease of cytokine peak levels despite the increased step-up dose level, is captured in the model by limiting the number of activated and proliferating T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Results: The calibrated model shows an accuracy of 92% in recapitulating Partial Response or better and of 78% in recapitulating CRS occurrence after the first step-up dose, demonstrating its appropriateness to address clinically relevant questions. Patient specific model calibrations show that the treated R/R MM population is more heterogeneous with regard to its sensitivity to RG6234-induced MM cell killing than to immune activation.
Conclusions: The mechanistic model is able to simulate RG6234-induced T-cell mediated tumor cell killing and can be utilized to predict response and CRS in virtual populations after IV administrations at different dosing regimens. A model validation is planned with data from the expansion cohort of the study.
Citation Format: Cristina C. Santini, Emilie Schindler, Jan Attig, Jan Eckmann, Suresh Vatakuti, Francesco Brizzi, Antoine Soubret, Sara Belli. Development of a quantitative systems pharmacology model for clinical dose and schedule optimization of RG6234, a T-cell engaging antibody targeting GPRC5D in multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 843.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Schindler
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Attig
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Eckmann
- 2Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Suresh Vatakuti
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Brizzi
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Soubret
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- 1Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
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Esposito D, Ascione C, Belli S, Servetto A, Formisano L, Bianco R. 200P Dissecting mechanisms of resistance to new generation selective RET inhibitors in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Solomon I, Amann M, Goubier A, Arce Vargas F, Zervas D, Qing C, Henry JY, Ghorani E, Akarca AU, Marafioti T, Śledzińska A, Werner Sunderland M, Franz Demane D, Clancy JR, Georgiou A, Salimu J, Merchiers P, Brown MA, Flury R, Eckmann J, Murgia C, Sam J, Jacobsen B, Marrer-Berger E, Boetsch C, Belli S, Leibrock L, Benz J, Koll H, Sutmuller R, Peggs KS, Quezada SA. CD25-T reg-depleting antibodies preserving IL-2 signaling on effector T cells enhance effector activation and antitumor immunity. Nat Cancer 2020; 1:1153-1166. [PMID: 33644766 PMCID: PMC7116816 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral regulatory T cell (Treg) abundance associates with diminished anti-tumor immunity and poor prognosis in human cancers. Recent work demonstrates that CD25, the high affinity receptor subunit for IL-2, is a selective target for Treg depletion in mouse and human malignancies; however, anti-human CD25 antibodies have failed to deliver clinical responses against solid tumors due to bystander IL-2 receptor signaling blockade on effector T cells, which limits their anti-tumor activity. Here we demonstrate potent single-agent activity of anti-CD25 antibodies optimized to deplete Tregs whilst preserving IL-2-STAT5 signaling on effector T cells, and demonstrate synergy with immune checkpoint blockade in vivo. Pre-clinical evaluation of an anti-human CD25 (RG6292) antibody with equivalent features demonstrates, in both non-human primates and humanized mouse models, efficient Treg depletion with no overt immune-related toxicities. Our data supports the clinical development of RG6292 and evaluation of novel combination therapies incorporating non-IL-2 blocking anti-CD25 antibodies in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Solomon
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria Amann
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Anne Goubier
- Tusk Therapeutics Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Frederick Arce Vargas
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Dimitrios Zervas
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Chen Qing
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Jake Y Henry
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghorani
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Ayse U Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Śledzińska
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mariana Werner Sunderland
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Dafne Franz Demane
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Joanne Ruth Clancy
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrew Georgiou
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Josephine Salimu
- Tusk Therapeutics Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Pascal Merchiers
- Tusk Therapeutics Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Mark Adrian Brown
- Tusk Therapeutics Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Reto Flury
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jan Eckmann
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Development (pRED), Penzberg, Germany
| | - Claudio Murgia
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Jacobsen
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Marrer-Berger
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Boetsch
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lea Leibrock
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Benz
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Koll
- Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Development (pRED), Penzberg, Germany
| | - Roger Sutmuller
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Karl S Peggs
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK.
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Hauri S, Jakubiak P, Fueth M, Dengl S, Belli S, Alvarez-Sánchez R, Caruso A. Understanding the Half-Life Extension of Intravitreally Administered Antibodies Binding to Ocular Albumin. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E810. [PMID: 32858986 PMCID: PMC7559355 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden associated with frequent injections of current intravitreal (IVT) therapeutics may be reduced by long-acting delivery strategies. Binding to serum albumin has been shown to extend the ocular half-life in rabbits, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms and translational relevance remain unclear. The aim of this work was to characterize the in vitro and in vivo formation of complexes between human serum albumin (HSA) and an antigen-binding fragment of a rabbit antibody linked to an anti-HSA nanobody (FabA). The ocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of 3H-labeled FabA (0.05 mg/eye IVT) co-formulated with HSA (1 and 15 nmol/eye) were assessed in Dutch belted rabbits. Next, FabA was incubated in vitreous samples from cynomolgus monkeys and human donors (healthy and diseased) supplemented with species-specific serum albumin. Finally, the FabA-albumin complexes formed in vitro and in vivo were analyzed by radio-size exclusion chromatography. A 3-fold increase in FabA vitreal exposure and half-life was observed in rabbits co-administered with 15 nmol HSA compared to 1 nmol and a control arm. The different pharmacokinetic behavior was explained with the formation of higher molecular weight FabA-albumin complexes. The analysis of vitreous samples revealed the existence of predominantly 1:1 complexes at endogenous or low concentrations of supplemented albumin. A shift towards 1:2 complexes was observed with increasing albumin concentrations. Overall, these results suggest that endogenous vitreal albumin concentrations are insufficient for half-life extension and warrant supplementation in the dosing formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hauri
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; (P.J.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (R.A.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Paulina Jakubiak
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; (P.J.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (R.A.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matthias Fueth
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; (P.J.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (R.A.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefan Dengl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Sara Belli
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; (P.J.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (R.A.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Rubén Alvarez-Sánchez
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; (P.J.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (R.A.-S.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonello Caruso
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; (P.J.); (M.F.); (S.B.); (R.A.-S.); (A.C.)
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Amann M, Schnetzler G, Theresa K, Solomon I, Boetsch C, Marrer-Berger E, Flury R, Murgia C, Karanikas V, Sam J, Sutmuller R, Eckmann J, Koll H, Belli S, Vargas FA, Zervas D, Qing C, Brown MA, Salimu J, Goubier A, Neumann S, Peggs KS, Quezada SA. Abstract 4553: The CD25 antibody RG6292 selectively depletes Tregs while preserving IL-2 signaling and CTL activity for tumor control. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the advances in cancer immunotherapy, in particular in the field of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI), many patients fail to respond (primary resistance) or initially benefit but then progress upon treatment (secondary resistance). High regulatory T-cell (Treg) counts correlate with poor prognosis and reduced responsiveness to CPI therapy in humans, underscoring their potential as an immunotherapy target. Clinical attempts aiming to lower Treg counts, however, either failed to deliver convincing Treg reduction or lacked specificity for Treg over tumor antigen specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL). CD25 (the interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2Ra) chain) is a recently revisited target for Treg depletion. For privileged access to IL-2, activated CTL up-regulate CD25 expression only transiently during clonal expansion. Further confirmation of an > 20 fold higher cell surface expression of CD25 on Tregs versus CTLs in human malignancies is provided. The novel compound RG6292 was developed as an ADCC and ADCP competent monoclonal antibody of human IgG1 isotype with afucosylated glycans in the Fc region. RG6292 binds with low monovalent affinity (KD 250 nM) to the extracellular domain of CD25 antigen. A high density of CD25 receptors promotes bivalent avidity of RG6292 increasing its binding strength to CD25 by at least 100 fold (KD 2-3 nM). RG6292 selectively favors the depletion of CD25 high Tregs over CD25 low activated CTLs, here shown in comparison to ipilimumab and mogamulizumab in human αCD3 activated PBMC, human tumor explants and immunopharmacodynamic studies in tumor bearing (BxPC-3), stem cell humanized mice and cynomolgus monkeys. IL-2 is an essential prerequisite for clonal expansion of CTLs, which is necessary to generate effective anti-tumor responses. Earlier immunosuppressant anti-CD25 antibodies (e.g. daclizumab and basiliximab) interfered with the formation of the high affinity IL-2R complex. Their evidenced lack of therapeutic activity in immunoncology tempered enthusiasm and highlights the pivotal role of IL-2. RG6292 is the first anti-human CD25 antibody developed to deplete Tregs selectively while fully preserving IL-2 signaling and CTL activity. Pre-clinically, a single administration of the RG6292 surrogate effectively promoted eradication of established tumors in several tumor mouse models and synergized with CPI in models of CPI resistance. RG6292 is expected to unleash the potential of selective Treg depletion while allowing for unrestricted access of IL 2 to CTLs and could therefore result in clinically superiority compared to other Treg depleting antibodies. RG6292 provides a novel therapeutic approach to alleviate a major mechanism of immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Clinical testing is currently ongoing to evaluate the safety and tolerability of RG6292 in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT04158583).
Citation Format: Maria Amann, Gabriel Schnetzler, Kolben Theresa, Isabelle Solomon, Christophe Boetsch, Estelle Marrer-Berger, Reto Flury, Claudio Murgia, Vaios Karanikas, Johannes Sam, Roger Sutmuller, Jan Eckmann, Hans Koll, Sara Belli, Frederic Arce Vargas, Dimitrios Zervas, Chen Qing, Mark A. Brown, Josephine Salimu, Anne Goubier, Sebastian Neumann, Karl S. Peggs, Sergio A. Quezada. The CD25 antibody RG6292 selectively depletes Tregs while preserving IL-2 signaling and CTL activity for tumor control [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amann
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Kolben Theresa
- 3Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Solomon
- 4University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Reto Flury
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Murgia
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Vaios Karanikas
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sam
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roger Sutmuller
- 1Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jan Eckmann
- 3Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hans Koll
- 3Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sara Belli
- 2Roche Pharma Research & Early Development (pRED), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Dimitrios Zervas
- 4University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Qing
- 4University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl S. Peggs
- 4University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Caruso A, Füth M, Alvarez-Sánchez R, Belli S, Diack C, Maass KF, Schwab D, Kettenberger H, Mazer NA. Ocular Half-Life of Intravitreal Biologics in Humans and Other Species: Meta-Analysis and Model-Based Prediction. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:695-709. [PMID: 31876425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies administered intravitreally are the current standard of care to treat retinal diseases. The ocular half-life (t1/2) is a key determinant of the duration of target suppression. To support the development of novel, longer-acting drugs, a reliable determination of t1/2 is needed together with an improved understanding of the factors that influence it. A model-based meta-analysis was conducted in humans and nonclinical species (rat, rabbit, monkey, and pig) to determine consensus values for the ocular t1/2 of IgG antibodies and Fab fragments. Results from multiple literature and in-house pharmacokinetic studies are presented within a mechanistic framework that assumes diffusion-controlled drug elimination from the vitreous. Our analysis shows, both theoretically and experimentally, that the ocular t1/2 increases in direct proportion to the product of the hydrodynamic radius of the macromolecule (3.0 nm for Fab and 5.0 nm for IgG) and the square of the radius of the vitreous globe, which varies approximately 24-fold from the rat to the human. Interspecies differences in the proportionality factors are observed and discussed in mechanistic terms. In addition, mathematical formulae are presented that allow prediction of the ocular t1/2 for molecules of interest. The utility of these formulae is successfully demonstrated in case studies of aflibercept, brolucizumab, and PEGylated Fabs, where the predicted ocular t1/2 values are found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental data available for these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Caruso
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
| | - Matthias Füth
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
| | - Ruben Alvarez-Sánchez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
| | - Cheikh Diack
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
| | - Katie F Maass
- Clinical Pharmacology , Genentech , South San Francisco 94080 , California , United States
| | - Dietmar Schwab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Penzberg 82377 , Germany
| | - Norman A Mazer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Roche Pharma Research and Early Development , Basel 4070 , Switzerland
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Bergadano A, Amen EM, Jacobsen B, Belli S, Vandjour A, Rapp C, Senn C. A minimally-invasive serial cerebrospinal fluid sampling model in conscious Göttingen minipigs. J Biol Methods 2019; 6:e107. [PMID: 31453257 PMCID: PMC6706129 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2019.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are typically used as a as a surrogate measure of their availability in the CNS, and CSF penetration in animal studies are used for assessment of CNS drug delivery in early preclinical drug development. The minipig is a valid alternative to dogs and non-human primates as non-rodent species in preclinical research, but this species presents anatomical peculiarities that make the serial collection of CSF technically challenging. A minimally-invasive serial cerebrospinal fluid collection model via catheterization of the subarachnoid space in conscious minipigs was developed allowing assessment of longitudinal drug pharmacokinetics in the central nervous system in preclinical research. Shortly, the subarachnoid space was accessed in the anesthetized minipig by puncture with a Tuohy needle; when CSF was flowing through the needle a catheter was advanced and thereafter tunneled and fixed on the back. The PK of peptide A administered subcutaneously was performed and CSF could be sampled in the conscious animals for up to 48 h. When compared to the plasma kinetic data, there was a clear difference in the elimination phase of Pept. A from CSF, with an apparent longer average terminal half-life in CSF. The 3Rs are addressed by reducing the number of animals needed for a pharmacokinetic profile in central nervous system and by improving the validity of the model avoiding biases due to anesthesia, blood contamination, and inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bergadano
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Maria Amen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Jacobsen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Vandjour
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Rapp
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Senn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Bensi C, Belli S, Paradiso D, Lomurno G. Postoperative bleeding risk of direct oral anticoagulants after oral surgery procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:923-932. [PMID: 29627150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban; DOACs) have been introduced to improve safety and superior therapeutic value compared to their predecessors such as warfarin or enoxaparin. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the postoperative bleeding risk of DOACs during oral surgery procedures. Systematic searches were performed in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Thirteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis: two retrospective case-control studies, five prospective case-control studies, three cross-sectional studies, two case series and a case report; while only six studies were statistically analysed. The risk ratio of postoperative bleeding in DOACs patients was significantly greater than in healthy patients (3.04; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.31-7.04). This is especially true for rivaroxaban (4.13; 95% CI=1.25-13.69), and less so for dabigatran which presented a risk ratio similar to that of healthy patients (1.00; 95% CI=0.21-4.82). However, further research is required to support these results. Both apixaban and edoxaban were excluded from statistical analysis due to the lack of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bensi
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - S Belli
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - D Paradiso
- S.S.D. of Oral Surgery and Ambulatory, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Lomurno
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; S.S.D. of Oral Surgery and Ambulatory, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Roli L, Santi D, Belli S, Tagliavini S, Cavalieri S, De Santis MC, Baraldi E, Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Granata AR, Pagotto U, Pasquali R, Rochira V, Carani C, Simoni M, Trenti T. The steroid response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation in men with Klinefelter syndrome does not change using immunoassay or mass spectrometry. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:841-850. [PMID: 28326509 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed in parallel to Immunoassays (IAs) and today is proposed as the "gold standard" for steroid assays. Leydig cells of men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are able to respond to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation, even if testosterone (T) production was impaired. The aim was to evaluate how results obtained by IAs and LC-MS/MS can differently impact on the outcome of a clinical research on gonadal steroidogenesis after hCG stimulation. METHODS A longitudinal, prospective, case-control clinical trial. (clinicaltrial.gov NCT02788136) was carried out, enrolling KS men and healthy age-matched controls, stimulated by hCG administration. Serum steroids were evaluated at baseline and for 5 days after intramuscular injection of 5000 IU hCG using both IAs and LC-MS/MS. RESULTS 13 KS patients (36 ± 9 years) not receiving T replacement therapy and 14 controls (32 ± 8 years) were enrolled. T, progesterone, cortisol, 17-hydroxy-progesterone (17OHP) and androstenedione, were significantly higher using IAs than LC-MS/MS. IAs and LC-MS/MS showed direct correlation for all five steroids, although the constant overestimation detected by IAs. Either methodology found the same 17OHP and T increasing profile after hCG stimulation, with equal areas under the curves (AUCs). CONCLUSIONS Although a linearity between IA and LC-MS/MS is demonstrated, LC-MS/MS is more sensitive and accurate, whereas IA shows a constant overestimation of sex steroid levels. This result suggests the need of reference intervals built on the specific assay. This fundamental difference between these two methodologies opens a deep reconsideration of what is needed to improve the accuracy of steroid hormone assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Anatomy, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - D Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - S Belli
- Unit of Endocrinology, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - S Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Anatomy, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - S Cavalieri
- Laboratory of Clinical and Endocrinological Analysis, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M C De Santis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Anatomy, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - E Baraldi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Anatomy, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - F Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit and Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - A R Granata
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - U Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Pasquali
- Endocrinology Unit and Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Rochira
- Unit of Endocrinology, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - C Carani
- Unit of Endocrinology, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - M Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, NOCSAE, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - T Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Anatomy, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Gobbi LC, Knust H, Körner M, Honer M, Czech C, Belli S, Muri D, Edelmann MR, Hartung T, Erbsmehl I, Grall-Ulsemer S, Koblet A, Rueher M, Steiner S, Ravert HT, Mathews WB, Holt DP, Kuwabara H, Valentine H, Dannals RF, Wong DF, Borroni E. Identification of Three Novel Radiotracers for Imaging Aggregated Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7350-7370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca C. Gobbi
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Knust
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Körner
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Czech
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Muri
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin R. Edelmann
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Erbsmehl
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Grall-Ulsemer
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Koblet
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Rueher
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Steiner
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edilio Borroni
- Pharma
Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Jaramillo CAC, Belli S, Cascais AC, Dudal S, Edelmann MR, Haak M, Brun ME, Otteneder MB, Ullah M, Funk C, Schuler F, Simon S. Toward in vitro-to-in vivo translation of monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics: Application of a neonatal Fc receptor-mediated transcytosis assay to understand the interplaying clearance mechanisms. MAbs 2017; 9:781-791. [PMID: 28440708 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1320008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a rapidly growing drug class for which great efforts have been made to optimize certain molecular features to achieve the desired pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. One approach is to engineer the interactions of the mAb with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) by introducing specific amino acid sequence mutations, and to assess their effect on the PK profile with in vivo studies. Indeed, FcRn protects mAbs from intracellular degradation, thereby prolongs antibody circulation time in plasma and modulates its systemic clearance. To allow more efficient and focused mAb optimization, in vitro input that helps to identify and quantitatively predict the contribution of different processes driving non-target mediated mAb clearance in vivo and supporting translational PK modeling activities is essential. With this aim, we evaluated the applicability and in vivo-relevance of an in vitro cellular FcRn-mediated transcytosis assay to explain the PK behavior of 25 mAbs in rat or monkey. The assay was able to capture species-specific differences in IgG-FcRn interactions and overall correctly ranked Fc mutants according to their in vivo clearance. However, it could not explain the PK behavior of all tested IgGs, indicating that mAb disposition in vivo is a complex interplay of additional processes besides the FcRn interaction. Overall, the transcytosis assay was considered suitable to rank mAb candidates for their FcRn-mediated clearance component before extensive in vivo testing, and represents a first step toward a multi-factorial in vivo clearance prediction approach based on in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Belli
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Cascais
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | | | - Martin R Edelmann
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Markus Haak
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Marie-Elise Brun
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Michael B Otteneder
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Ullah
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Christoph Funk
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Franz Schuler
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Silke Simon
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center , Basel , Switzerland
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Hermann KF, Neuhaus CS, Micallef V, Wagner B, Hatibovic M, Aschmann HE, Paech F, Alvarez-Sanchez R, Krämer SD, Belli S. Kinetics of lipid bilayer permeation of a series of ionisable drugs and their correlation with human transporter-independent intestinal permeability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:150-161. [PMID: 28366650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For low molecular weight drugs, lipid bilayer permeation is considered the major route for in vivo cell barrier passage. We recently introduced a fluorescence assay with liposomes to determine permeation kinetics of ionisable compounds across the lipid bilayer by monitoring drug-induced pH changes inside the liposomes. Here, we determined the permeability coefficients (PFLipP, FLipP for "Fluorescence Liposomal Permeability") across 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayers of 35 ionisable drugs at pH6.0 and compared them to available in vivo human jejunal permeability (Peff) data. PFLipP values were furthermore compared with published Caco-2 cell permeability coefficients (PCaco-2), permeability coefficients determined with the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) and with log D (pH6.0). The log PFLipP, corrected for predicted para-cellular diffusion, and log PCaco-2 correlated best with log Peff, with similar adjusted R2 (0.75 and 0.74, n=12). Our results suggest that transporter-independent intestinal drug absorption is predictable from liposomal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F Hermann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia S Neuhaus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Virgine Micallef
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Hatibovic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hélène E Aschmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Paech
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rubén Alvarez-Sanchez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Belli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The morphologic correlates of bond degradation in self-etching primers have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that there is no difference between the mechanism of degradation of self-etching primers in vivo and in vitro. Class I cavities prepared in vivo in 24 caries-free human molars were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil Protect Bond, and restored with resin composites. Eight teeth were extracted after 24 hrs, and the rest after 1 yr. The same protocol was repeated in vitro with extracted molars. Degradation of resin-dentin bonds was assessed by microtensile bond testing and TEM of interfaces after tracer immersion. Both in vivo and in vitro bond strengths decreased with time for SE Bond but not for Protect Bond, with more pronounced water treeing observed in the former adhesive under both aging conditions. There is no difference between the mechanism of degradation of self-etch adhesives in vivo or in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Donmez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Krämer SD, Aschmann HE, Hatibovic M, Hermann KF, Neuhaus CS, Brunner C, Belli S. When barriers ignore the "rule-of-five". Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:62-74. [PMID: 26877103 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Why are a few drugs with properties beyond the rule of 5 (bRo5) absorbed across the intestinal mucosa while most other bRo5 compounds are not? Are such exceptional bRo5 compounds exclusively taken up by carrier-mediated transport or are they able to permeate the lipid bilayer (passive lipoidal diffusion)? Our experimental data with liposomes indicate that tetracycline, which violates one rule of the Ro5, and rifampicin, violating three of the rules, significantly permeate a phospholipid bilayer with kinetics similar to labetalol and metoprolol, respectively. Published data from experimental work and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the formation of intramolecular H-bonds and the possibility to adopt an elongated shape besides the presence of a significant fraction of net neutral species facilitate lipid bilayer permeation. As an alternative to lipid bilayer permeation, carrier proteins can be targeted to improve absorption, with the potential drawbacks of drug-drug interactions and non-linear pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie D Krämer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hélène E Aschmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Hatibovic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina F Hermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia S Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill Brunner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Belli S, Santi D, Leoni E, Dall'Olio E, Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Pelusi C, Roli L, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Granata AR, Pagotto U, Pasquali R, Rochira V, Carani C, Simoni M. Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation gives evidence of differences in testicular steroidogenesis in Klinefelter syndrome, as assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:801-11. [PMID: 27188454 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) show hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, but the pathogenesis of hypotestosteronemia remains unclear. Testicular steroidogenesis in KS men was evaluated over three decades ago after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation, but inconclusive results were obtained. Intriguingly, some recent studies show increased intratesticular testosterone concentrations in men with KS. OBJECTIVE To analyze serum steroid profile, as a proxy of testicular steroidogenesis, after hCG stimulation in KS compared with control men. DESIGN A prospective, longitudinal, case-control, clinical trial. METHODS Thirteen KS patients (36±9 years) not receiving testosterone (TS) replacement therapy and 12 eugonadic controls (32±8 years) were enrolled. Serum steroids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at baseline and for five consecutive days after intramuscular injection of 5000IU hCG. RESULTS Progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), TS, and estradiol (E2) showed a significant increase (P<0.001) after hCG stimulation in both groups. On the contrary, androstenedione (AS) and dehydroepiandrosterone did not increase after hCG stimulation. The 17OHP/P ratio increased in both groups (P<0.001), the TS/AS ratio (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17βHSD3) activity) did not increase after hCG in any group, and the E2/TS ratio (aromatase activity) increased significantly in both groups (P=0.009 in KS and P<0.001 in controls). Luteinizing hormone decreased after hCG in both groups (P=0.014 in KS and P<0.001 in controls), whereas follicle-stimulating hormone decreased only in control men (P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time using LC-MS/MS that Leydig cells of KS men are able to respond to hCG stimulation and that the first steps of steroidogenesis are fully functional. However, the TS production in KS men is impaired, possibly related to reduced hydroxysteroid deydrogenase activity due to an unfavorable intratesticular metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belli
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - D Santi
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Department of MedicineEndocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - E Leoni
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - E Dall'Olio
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F Fanelli
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Mezzullo
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Pelusi
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Roli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological AnatomyAzienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - S Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological AnatomyAzienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - T Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological AnatomyAzienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - A R Granata
- Department of MedicineEndocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - U Pagotto
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Pasquali
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Rochira
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Department of MedicineEndocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - C Carani
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - M Simoni
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Department of MedicineEndocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Yabanoglu H, Karagulle E, Belli S, Turk E. Results of Modified Dufourmentel Rhomboid Flap in Patients with Extensive Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Disease. Acta Chir Belg 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2014.11680977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yabanoglu
- Department of General Surgery, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - E. Karagulle
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S. Belli
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E. Turk
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Belli S, Assmus F, Wagner B, Honer M, Fischer H, Schuler F, Alvarez-Sánchez R. Estimation of Drug Binding to Brain Tissue: Methodology and in Vivo Application of a Distribution Assay in Brain Polar Lipids. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4529-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Belli
- Roche
Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Assmus
- Center
for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bjoern Wagner
- Roche
Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Roche
Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Holger Fischer
- Roche
Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche
Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Rubén Alvarez-Sánchez
- Roche
Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel 4070, Switzerland
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21
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Belli S, Eraslan O, Eskitascioglu G. Effect of water storage on stress distribution in root-filled premolars. Dent Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Finan B, Yang B, Ottaway N, Smiley DL, Ma T, Clemmensen C, Chabenne J, Zhang L, Habegger KM, Fischer K, Campbell JE, Sandoval D, Seeley RJ, Bleicher K, Uhles S, Riboulet W, Funk J, Hertel C, Belli S, Sebokova E, Conde-Knape K, Konkar A, Drucker DJ, Gelfanov V, Pfluger PT, Müller TD, Perez-Tilve D, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH. A rationally designed monomeric peptide triagonist corrects obesity and diabetes in rodents. Nat Med 2014; 21:27-36. [PMID: 25485909 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery of a new monomeric peptide that reduces body weight and diabetic complications in rodent models of obesity by acting as an agonist at three key metabolically-related peptide hormone receptors: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon receptors. This triple agonist demonstrates supraphysiological potency and equally aligned constituent activities at each receptor, all without cross-reactivity at other related receptors. Such balanced unimolecular triple agonism proved superior to any existing dual coagonists and best-in-class monoagonists to reduce body weight, enhance glycemic control and reverse hepatic steatosis in relevant rodent models. Various loss-of-function models, including genetic knockout, pharmacological blockade and selective chemical knockout, confirmed contributions of each constituent activity in vivo. We demonstrate that these individual constituent activities harmonize to govern the overall metabolic efficacy, which predominantly results from synergistic glucagon action to increase energy expenditure, GLP-1 action to reduce caloric intake and improve glucose control, and GIP action to potentiate the incretin effect and buffer against the diabetogenic effect of inherent glucagon activity. These preclinical studies suggest that, so far, this unimolecular, polypharmaceutical strategy has potential to be the most effective pharmacological approach to reversing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Finan
- 1] Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. [3] Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. [2] Marcadia Biotech, Carmel, Indiana, USA
| | - Nickki Ottaway
- Metabolic Diseases Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David L Smiley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. [2] Research Center, Beijing Hanmi Pharm., Beijing, China
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- 1] Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joe Chabenne
- 1] Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. [2] AIT Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Kirk M Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Katrin Fischer
- 1] Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darleen Sandoval
- Metabolic Diseases Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Metabolic Diseases Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Konrad Bleicher
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Uhles
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - William Riboulet
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Funk
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Hertel
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sara Belli
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Sebokova
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karin Conde-Knape
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anish Konkar
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasily Gelfanov
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- 1] Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- 1] Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Metabolic Diseases Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Matthias H Tschöp
- 1] Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Belli S, Dussi S, Dijkstra M, van Roij R. Density functional theory for chiral nematic liquid crystals. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:020503. [PMID: 25215676 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Even though chiral nematic phases were the first liquid crystals experimentally observed more than a century ago, the origin of the thermodynamic stability of cholesteric states is still unclear. In this Rapid Communication we address the problem by means of a density functional theory for the equilibrium pitch of chiral particles. When applied to right-handed hard helices, our theory predicts an entropy-driven cholesteric phase, which can be either right or left handed, depending not only on the particle shape but also on the thermodynamic state. We explain the origin of the chiral ordering as an interplay between local nematic alignment and excluded-volume differences between left- and right-handed particle pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Dussi
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Dijkstra
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Belli S, Eraslan O, Eraslan O, Eskitascioglu M, Eskitascioglu G. Effects of NaOCl, EDTA and MTAD when applied to dentine on stress distribution in post-restored roots with flared canals. Int Endod J 2014; 47:1123-32. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Belli
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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25
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Yabanoglu H, Karagulle E, Belli S, Turk E. Results of modified Dufourmentel rhomboid flap in patients with extensive Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. Acta Chir Belg 2014; 114:52-57. [PMID: 24720139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to assess our modified Dufourmentel flap outcomes in a standardized patient group (a symptom duration of equal to or greater than 60 months, presence of equal to or more than 3 sinus ostia or presence of sinus ostia fistulized equal to or greater than 2 cm laterally, and a normal body mass index) with extensive pilonidal sinus. METHODS Patients who were diagnosed with chronic pilonidal sinus disease and gave consent to surgical repair with modified Dufourmentel flap were enrolled. Patients were assessed with respect to age, sex, body mass index, presenting symptom, symptom duration, number of previous operations, number of sinus ostia, length of flap rims, depth of intergluteal sulcus, distance of sinus from anus, duration of operation, time of drain removal, length of hospital stay, early postoperative complications, postoperative pain, loss of labor, length of follow-up, and recurrences. RESULTS A total of 42 patients were enrolled. Average duration of presenting symptoms was 64.4 +/- 4.7 months and average length of follow-up was 29.4 +/- 3.6 months. Average length of hospital stay was 4.2 +/- 0.8 days, and time to return to work was 16.3 +/- 2.1 days. Two patients (4.7%) developed postoperative wound infection, one patient (2.4%) developed seroma, and three patients (7.1%) had wound dehiscence. There was no recurrence. CONCLUSION Modified Dufourmentel flap application can be safely used in the treatment of extensive pilonidal sinus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belli
- Department of Biomedical, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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27
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Caruso A, Alvarez-Sánchez R, Hillebrecht A, Poirier A, Schuler F, Lavé T, Funk C, Belli S. PK/PD assessment in CNS drug discovery: Prediction of CSF concentration in rodents for P-glycoprotein substrates and application to in vivo potency estimation. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1684-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Habegger KM, Stemmer K, Cheng C, Müller TD, Heppner KM, Ottaway N, Holland J, Hembree JL, Smiley D, Gelfanov V, Krishna R, Arafat AM, Konkar A, Belli S, Kapps M, Woods SC, Hofmann SM, D’Alessio D, Pfluger PT, Perez-Tilve D, Seeley RJ, Konishi M, Itoh N, Kharitonenkov A, Spranger J, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH. Fibroblast growth factor 21 mediates specific glucagon actions. Diabetes 2013; 62:1453-63. [PMID: 23305646 PMCID: PMC3636653 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon, an essential regulator of glucose homeostasis, also modulates lipid metabolism and promotes weight loss, as reflected by the wasting observed in glucagonoma patients. Recently, coagonist peptides that include glucagon agonism have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. We developed a novel stable and soluble glucagon receptor (GcgR) agonist, which allowed for in vivo dissection of glucagon action. As expected, chronic GcgR agonism in mice resulted in hyperglycemia and lower body fat and plasma cholesterol. Notably, GcgR activation also raised hepatic expression and circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). This effect was retained in isolated primary hepatocytes from wild-type (WT) mice, but not GcgR knockout mice. We confirmed this link in healthy human volunteers, where injection of natural glucagon increased plasma FGF21 within hours. Functional relevance was evidenced in mice with genetic deletion of FGF21, where GcgR activation failed to induce the body weight loss and lipid metabolism changes observed in WT mice. Taken together, these data reveal for the first time that glucagon controls glucose, energy, and lipid metabolism at least in part via FGF21-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk M. Habegger
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Cheng
- Diabetes Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristy M. Heppner
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nickki Ottaway
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jenna Holland
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jazzminn L. Hembree
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - David Smiley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Vasily Gelfanov
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Radha Krishna
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ayman M. Arafat
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité University Hospitals, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sara Belli
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephen C. Woods
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Susanna M. Hofmann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David D’Alessio
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Paul T. Pfluger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Randy J. Seeley
- Metabolic Disease Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Morichika Konishi
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyujki Itoh
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alexei Kharitonenkov
- Diabetes Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité University Hospitals, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias H. Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author: Matthias H. Tschöp,
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Belli H, Belli S, Ural C, Akbudak M, Oktay MF, Akyuz Cim EF, Tabo A, Umar M, Pehlivan B. Psychopathology and psychiatric co-morbidities in patients seeking rhinoplasty for cosmetic reasons. W INDIAN MED J 2013; 62:481-6. [PMID: 24756665 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2013.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to examine psychopathological traits and psychiatric co-morbidities in seekers of cosmetic rhinoplasty. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty persons seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty and 50 control subjects were admitted to the study. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Symptom Checklist-90 [Revised] (SCL-90-R) were administered to people who requested cosmetic rhinoplasty and control subjects. All participants were also screened by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-(SCIDI/CV, SCID-II). RESULTS Thirteen cosmetic rhinoplasty seekers [CRS] (26%) and three control subjects (6%) had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.006). Beck depression inventory (p = 0.002) and BAI (p = 0.046) levels above the cut-off point were significantly higher in the CRS group than in the normal control. Somatoform disorders were statistically higher in the CRS than control group (p = 0.007). Nine CRS (18%) and two control subjects (4%) had at least one personality disorder. There were differences between the two groups (p = 0.025). The average of SCL-90-R was significantly higher in the CRS than in the control subjects (p < 0.001). The most prevalent somatoform disorders of the CRS were six with body dysmorphic disorder [BDD] (12%). The most prevalent personality disorders of the CRS were three with avoidant (6%) and three with narcissistic (6%) personality. CONCLUSION Assessment of detailed psychopathological aspects and psychiatric co-morbidities could help to define the clinical profile of people requesting cosmetic rhinoplasty in cosmetic surgery settings. Research into these factors may be important as it is essential to detect crucial problems such as personality disorders and BDD before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Belli
- Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Belli
- Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - C Ural
- Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Akbudak
- Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M F Oktay
- Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E F Akyuz Cim
- Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Van, Turkey
| | - A Tabo
- Professor Mazhar Osman Uzman Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Umar
- Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Pehlivan
- Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Belli S, Dijkstra M, van Roij R. Free minimization of the fundamental measure theory functional: Freezing of parallel hard squares and cubes. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:124506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4754836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hakki SS, Bozkurt BS, Ozcopur B, Gandolfi MG, Prati C, Belli S. The response of cementoblasts to calcium phosphate resin-based and calcium silicate-based commercial sealers. Int Endod J 2012; 46:242-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Hakki
- Department of Periodontology; Selcuk University; Konya; Turkey
| | - B. S. Bozkurt
- Department of Periodontology; Selcuk University; Konya; Turkey
| | - B. Ozcopur
- Department of Operative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Yuzuncu Yil University; Van; Turkey
| | - M. G. Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials; Department of Odontostomatological Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna; Italy
| | - C. Prati
- Laboratory of Biomaterials; Department of Odontostomatological Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna; Italy
| | - S. Belli
- Department of Endodontics; Selcuk University; Konya; Turkey
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Abstract
With the aim of investigating the stability conditions of biaxial nematic liquid crystals, we study the effect of adding a non-adsorbing ideal depletant on the phase behavior of colloidal hard boardlike particles. We take into account the presence of the depletant by introducing an effective depletion attraction between a pair of boardlike particles. At fixed depletant fugacity, the stable liquid-crystal phase is determined through a mean-field theory with restricted orientations. Interestingly, we predict that for slightly elongated boardlike particles a critical depletant density exists, where the system undergoes a direct transition from an isotropic liquid to a biaxial nematic phase. As a consequence, by tuning the depletant density, an easy experimental control parameter, one can stabilize states of high biaxial nematic order even when these states are unstable for pure systems of boardlike particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, NL-3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Haller S, Schuler F, Lazic SE, Bachir-Cherif D, Krämer SD, Parrott NJ, Steiner G, Belli S. Expression Profiles of Metabolic Enzymes and Drug Transporters in the Liver and along the Intestine of Beagle Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1603-10. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.045443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Poirier A, Belli S, Funk C, Otteneder MB, Portmann R, Heinig K, Prinssen E, Lazic SE, Rayner CR, Hoffmann G, Singer T, Smith DE, Schuler F. Role of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 in oseltamivir absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1556-65. [PMID: 22584254 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.044990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It was reported that oseltamivir (Tamiflu) absorption was mediated by human peptide transporter (hPEPT) 1. Understanding the exact mechanism(s) of absorption is important in the context of drug-drug and diet-drug interactions. Hence, we investigated the mechanism governing the intestinal absorption of oseltamivir and its active metabolite (oseltamivir carboxylate) in wild-type [Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1] and hPEPT1-transfected cells (CHO-PEPT1), in pharmacokinetic studies in juvenile and adult rats, and in healthy volunteers. In vitro cell culture studies showed that the intracellular accumulation of oseltamivir and its carboxylate into CHO-PEPT1 and CHO-K1 was always similar under a variety of experimental conditions, demonstrating that these compounds are not substrates of hPEPT1. Furthermore, neither oseltamivir nor its active metabolite was capable of inhibiting Gly-Sar uptake in CHO-PEPT1 cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in juvenile and adult rats showed that the disposition of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate, after oral administration of oseltamivir, was sensitive to the feed status but insensitive to the presence of milk and Gly-Sar. Moreover, oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate exhibited significantly higher exposure in rats under fasted conditions than under fed conditions. In humans, oral dosing after a high-fat meal resulted in a statistically significant but moderate lower exposure than after an overnight fasting. This change has no clinical implications. Taken together, the results do not implicate either rat Pept1 or hPEPT1 in the oral absorption of oseltamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Poirier
- Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
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Belli H, Belli S, Ural C. Psychopathological evaluation of patients requesting cosmetic rhinoplasty: a review. W INDIAN MED J 2012; 61:149-53. [PMID: 23155961 DOI: pmid/23155961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this review is to discuss possible underlying psychopathological situations in patients requesting surgical cosmetic rhinoplasty operation and to examine potential problems that might arise. SUBJECTS AND METHODS An extensive search was conducted through PubMed, Ambase and Psychlnfo by using related keywords in English, like "rhinoplasty and psychiatric comorbidities", "rhinoplasty and psychopathology". RESULTS Patients who demand cosmetic rhinoplasty operation appealed to the surgeon since they wanted to feel better about themselves after the surgery. Indeed, some long-term studies determined that such a situation can take place at high rates. However, some studies reported the possibility of serious psychological disorders after such surgical operations. Studies relating to the analysis of psychopathologic symptoms are quite limited. Research has shown that psychopathologic evaluation conducted preoperatively is especially important to identify serious psychopathologies such as personality disorders and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). CONCLUSIONS Exclusion of patients possessing serious psychopathologies from operations provides better results in the long term. The lack of sufficient research in this area necessitates new and comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Belli
- Department of Psychiatry, Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Pacciardi B, Cargioli C, Cotugno B, Belli S, Sagramoni L, Mauri M. P-553 - Anorexia nervosa and osteoporosis risk, a case report series. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)74720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Banti S, Borri C, Ramacciotti D, Camilleri V, Montagnani M, Cargioli C, Oppo A, Ricciardulli S, Cirri C, Mistretta R, Nencioni E, Faraoni S, Cotugno B, Bacci O, Belli S, Mauri M. P-988 - The role of early screening in perinatal depression: preliminary data for the pnd-rescu ® II. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hakki SS, Bozkurt SB, Ozcopur B, Purali N, Belli S. Periodontal ligament fibroblast response to root perforations restored with different materials - a laboratory study. Int Endod J 2011; 45:240-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Inspired by the observations of a remarkably stable biaxial nematic phase [van den Pol et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 258301 (2009)], we investigate the effect of size polydispersity on the phase behavior of a suspension of boardlike particles. By means of Onsager theory within the restricted orientation (Zwanzig) model we show that polydispersity induces a novel topology in the phase diagram, with two Landau tetracritical points in between which oblate uniaxial nematic order is favored over the expected prolate order. Additionally, this phenomenon causes the opening of a huge stable biaxiality regime in between uniaxial nematic and smectic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Leuvenlaan 4, 3584 CE Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
AIM To investigate using finite element stress analysis (FEA) primary, secondary and tertiary monoblocks created either by adhesive resin sealers or by different adhesive posts and to evaluate the effect of interfaces on stress distribution in incisor models. METHODOLOGY Seven maxillary incisor FEA models representing different monoblocks using several materials were created as follows: (a) primary monoblock with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; (b) secondary monoblock with sealer (MetaSEAL) and Resilon; (c) tertiary monoblock with EndoREZ; (d) primary monoblock with polyethylene fibre post-core (Ribbond); (e) secondary monoblock with glass-fibre post and resin cement; (f) tertiary monoblock with bondable glass-fibre post; (g) tertiary monoblock with silane-coated ceramic post. A 300 N load was applied from the palatal surface of the crown with a 135° angle to the tooth long axis. Materials used in the study were assumed to be homogenous and isotropic except the glass-fibre post; the results are expressed in terms of von Mises criteria. RESULTS Maximum stresses were concentrated on force application areas (18-22.1 MPa). The stresses within the models increased with the number of interfaces both for the monoblocks created by the sealers (1.67-8.33 MPa) and for the monoblocks created by post-core systems (1.67-11.7 MPa). CONCLUSIONS Stresses within roots increased with an increase in the number of the adhesive interfaces. Creation of a primary monoblock within the root canal either by an endodontic sealer or with an adhesive post-core system can reduce the stresses that occur inside the tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belli
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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Heinig K, Wirz T, Gajate-Perez A, Belli S. Determination of Ganciclovir and its prodrug Valganciclovir by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:436-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Akman S, Akman M, Eskitascioglu G, Belli S. Influence of several fibre-reinforced composite restoration techniques on cusp movement and fracture strength of molar teeth. Int Endod J 2011; 44:407-15. [PMID: 21219366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare mean cusp movement in molar teeth with endodontic access and mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities before and after restoration with several fibre-reinforced composite restoration techniques under loading and to evaluate the effect of restoration technique on fracture strength. METHODOLOGY Reference points were marked at the mesial cusp ridges of extracted human mandibular molar teeth. Digital images were taken under loading (300 N) using a stereomicroscope (Leica MZ16A; Wetzlar, Germany). Three-dimensional (3D) distances between the reference points were recorded (Leica, Stereo-Explorer, 2.1) as controls. Standard MOD cavities were prepared and restored as follows (n = 10), group 1: composite restoration (Clearfil AP-X; Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan); group 2: cavity lined with polyethylene fibre (Ribbond, Ribbond Inc., Seattle, WA, USA) in combination with flowable resin (Protect-Liner F; Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) before composite restoration; group 3: polyethylene fibre inserted on occlusal surface of the tooth from buccal to lingual after finishing the composite restoration; group 4: missing walls were restored with composite resin and inner surfaces of the axial walls were then reinforced with polyethylene fibre placed circumferentially before the composite restoration. The restored teeth were re-loaded, digital images were re-taken and the 3D distance between the reference points was recorded in μm. Comparisons of the restoration techniques, the effectiveness of restoration for each group were analysed statistically (Kruskall-Wallis, paired-samples t-test). The teeth were then loaded until failure (5 mm min(-1) ), the data were recorded (N) and analysed statistically (Kruskall-Wallis test). RESULTS A significant difference occurred amongst the groups in terms of cusp movement (P = 0.018). All the groups revealed a decrease in inter-cuspal width when compared to their initial records. The mean values of these decreases were as follows: group 1 17.6 (P = 0.003), group 2 6.7 (not sig), group 3 6.6 (not sig) and group 4 0.85 (not sig) μm. No significant difference was found amongst the fracture strength values (P = 0.22). In group 1, 90% of the fractures were non-restorable, whereas in group 3 100% of the fractures were restorable. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of restoration technique, fibre reinforcement of composite restorations decreased cusp movement in molar teeth with MOD and endodontic access cavities but did not affect fracture strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Parlakgumus A, Caliskan K, Parlakgumus HA, Kayaselcuk F, Ezer A, Colakoglu T, Belli S, Yildirim S. Emergent surgical treatment of radiation-induced enteropathies for patients with urogynecological and colorectal carcinomas. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2011; 38:63-66. [PMID: 21485730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to describe our 10-year experience in patients with urogynecological and colorectal carcinomas with radiation enteropathy treated surgically as an emergency, and to reassess symptoms and mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 17 patients receiving emergency surgery for complications of radiotherapy. Data about the patients and outcomes of the treatment alternatives used were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Of 17 patients, nine had colorectal cancer, six had gynecological cancer, and two had cancer of the urinary system. As an emergency, 12 patients had ileus only, one patient had intestinal fistulae and ileus, two patients had bleeding and ileus and two patients had perforation on admission. Seven patients underwent resection and anastomosis, two patients intestinal by-pass, four patients resection and ostomy and four patients bridectomy. Morbidity (75% for early complications and 100% for late complications) and mortality in the early postoperative period (25%) were higher in the patients undergoing bridectomy than in the patients undergoing other surgical methods. The rate of early and late complications (71.4% and 66.6%, respectively) was lower in the patients undergoing resection-anastomosis with a higher of quality life. Only 11 patients survived during a long follow-up period (64.7%). CONCLUSION As the postoperative complication rate, overall and operative mortality of patients treated for radiation enteropaties as emergent surgery are high, specialists following this group of patients may favor removal of the pathologic tissue to avoid complications in the early and late postoperative period.
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Colakoglu T, Nursal T, Ezer A, Kayaselcuk F, Parlakgumus A, Belli S, Karakayali H, Haberal M. Effects of Different Doses of Statins on Liver Regeneration Through Angiogenesis and Possible Relation Between These Effects and Acute Phase Responses. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:3823-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ozcopur B, Akman S, Eskitascioglu G, Belli S. The effect of different posts on fracture strength of roots with vertical fracture and re-attached fragments. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37:615-23. [PMID: 20406354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to test the effect of different post systems on fracture strength of roots with re-attached fragments. Root canals of eighty extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented (ProFile) and randomly divided into two groups. The roots in the first group were vertically cracked, and the fragments were re-attached using Super Bond C&B (Sun Medical, Tokya, Japan). The roots in the second group were kept sound. Obturation of the roots was performed with MetaSEAL (Sun Medical) and gutta-percha. Post spaces were prepared, and the roots were restored with one of the followings: UniCore (Ultradent), Everstick (Stick Tech), Ribbond (Ribbond), ParaPost (Coltene/Whaledent) (n = 10). Four mm high build-ups were created (Clearfil DC Bond Core; Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan). Compressive loading of the samples was performed after 24 h (1 mm min(-1)). Mean load necessary to fracture each sample was recorded (Newton) and statistically analysed (One-way anova, t-tests). ParaPost showed the highest fracture strength among the roots with re-attached fragments (P < 0.05). UniCore and ParaPost systems showed similar fracture strength in the sound roots (P > 0.05). Re-attached fragments significantly reduced the fracture strength of roots in UniCore group (P = 0.000). Ribbond post showed mostly repairable fractures. Metal post (ParaPost) showed the highest fracture strength in the roots with re-attached fragments; however, fracture pattern was 41% non-repairable. Re-attached fragments significantly reduced the fracture strength of the roots in UniCore group. Prefabricated posts showed similar fracture strength in the sound roots. Customized post systems EverStick and Ribbond showed mostly repairable failure after loading in sound roots or roots with re-attached fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ozcopur
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yüzüncüyil University, Van, Turkey
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Belli S, Elsener PM, Wunderli-Allenspach H, Krämer SD. Cholesterol-mediated activation of P-glycoprotein: distinct effects on basal and drug-induced ATPase activities. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1905-18. [PMID: 18937360 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol promotes basal and verapamil-induced ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). We investigated whether these effects are related to each other and to the impact of the sterol on bilayer fluidity and verapamil membrane affinity. P-gp was reconstituted in egg-phosphatidylcholine (PhC) liposomes with or without cholesterol, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) or 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol (PMC). Basal and verapamil-induced ATPase activities were studied with an enzymatic assay. Membrane fluidity was characterized with diphenyl-hexatriene anisotropy measurements and membrane affinity by equilibrium dialysis. DPPC (70% mol/mol) decreased the fluidity of PhC bilayers to the same level as 20% cholesterol. PMC (20%) and alpha-Toc (20%) decreased the fluidity to lesser extents. alpha-Toc and PMC, but not DPPC increased the verapamil membrane affinity. While 20% cholesterol strikingly enhanced the basal ATPase activity, none of the other constituents had a similar effect. In contrast, verapamil stimulation of P-gp ATPase activity was not only enabled by cholesterol but also by alpha-Toc and DPPC. PMC had no effect. In conclusion, cholesterol exerts distinct effects on basal and verapamil-induced ATPase activity. The influence on basal ATPase activity is sterol-specific while its effect on verapamil-induced ATPase activity is unspecific and not related to its influence on membrane fluidity and on verapamil membrane affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Belli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Di Maira G, Brustolon F, Tosoni K, Belli S, Krämer SD, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M. Comparative analysis of CK2 expression and function in tumor cell lines displaying sensitivity vs. resistance to chemical induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 316:155-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schreier L, Zago V, Cacciagiu L, Brites F, Graffigna M, Belli S, Fainboim H, deLarranaga G, Berg G, Levalle O. NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE ASOCIATED TO METABOLIC SYNDROME: RELATION BETWEEN VLDL PRODUCTION AND ADIPONECTIN. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Üreyen Kaya B, Keçeci AD, Orhan H, Belli S. Micropush-out bond strengths of gutta-percha versus thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based systems – an ex vivo study. Int Endod J 2008; 41:211-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eliguzeloglu E, Omurlu H, Eskitascioglu G, Belli S. Effect of Surface Treatments and Different Adhesives on the Hybrid Layer Thickness of Non-carious Cervical Lesions. Oper Dent 2008; 33:338-45. [DOI: 10.2341/07-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
The quality of the hybrid layer created in non-carious cervical sclerotic lesions may determine the longevity of cervical composite restorations.
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