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Jayaswal N, Srivastava S, Kumar S, Belagodu Sridhar S, Khalid A, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Alhazmi HA, Mohan S, Tambuwala MM. Precision arrows: Navigating breast cancer with nanotechnology siRNA. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124403. [PMID: 38944167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, including siRNA, present an innovative approach to treating breast cancer, which disproportionately affects women. These systems enable personalized and targeted therapies, adept at managing drug resistance and minimizing off-target effects. This review delves into the current landscape of nanotechnology-derived siRNA transport systems for breast cancer treatment, discussing their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical research, therapeutic applications, challenges, and future prospects. Emphasis is placed on the importance of targeted delivery and precise gene silencing in improving therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes. The review addresses specific hurdles such as specificity, biodistribution, immunological reactions, and regulatory approval, offering potential solutions and avenues for future research. SiRNA drug delivery systems hold promise in revolutionizing cancer care and improving patient outcomes, but realizing their full potential necessitates ongoing research, innovation, and collaboration. Understanding the intricacies of siRNA delivery mechanisms is pivotal for designing effective cancer treatments, overcoming challenges, and advancing siRNA-based therapies for various diseases, including cancer. The article provides a comprehensive review of the methods involved in siRNA transport for therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer treatment, elucidating the complex journey of siRNA molecules from extracellular space to intracellular targets. Key mechanisms such as endocytosis, receptor-mediated uptake, and membrane fusion are explored, alongside innovative delivery vehicles and technologies that enhance siRNA delivery efficiency. Moreover, the article discusses challenges and opportunities in the field, including issues related to specificity, biodistribution, immune response, and clinical translation. By comprehending the mechanisms of siRNA delivery, researchers can design and develop more effective siRNA-based therapies for various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandani Jayaswal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahayogi Gorakhnath University, Gorakhpur, 273007, India
| | - Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 273007, India; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 273007, India
| | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK; RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.
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Won Lee J, Kyu Shim M, Kim H, Jang H, Lee Y, Hwa Kim S. RNAi therapies: Expanding applications for extrahepatic diseases and overcoming delivery challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115073. [PMID: 37657644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The era of RNA medicine has become a reality with the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 and the approval of several RNA interference (RNAi) agents in recent years. Particularly, therapeutics based on RNAi offer the promise of targeting intractable and previously undruggable disease genes. Recent advances have focused in developing delivery systems to enhance the poor cellular uptake and insufficient pharmacokinetic properties of RNAi therapeutics and thereby improve its efficacy and safety. However, such approach has been mainly achieved via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) or chemical conjugation with N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), thus current RNAi therapy has been limited to liver diseases, most likely to encounter liver-targeting limitations. Hence, there is a huge unmet medical need for intense evolution of RNAi therapeutics delivery systems to target extrahepatic tissues and ultimately extend their indications for treating various intractable diseases. In this review, challenges of delivering RNAi therapeutics to tumors and major organs are discussed, as well as their transition to clinical trials. This review also highlights innovative and promising preclinical RNAi-based delivery platforms for the treatment of extrahepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Won Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hochung Jang
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Center for Accelerated Medical Innovation & Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Soleimani A, Mirzavi F, Nikoofal-Sahlabadi S, Nikpoor AR, Taghizadeh B, Barati M, Soukhtanloo M, Jaafari MR. CD73 downregulation by EGFR-targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA potentiates antitumor effect of liposomal doxorubicin in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10423. [PMID: 35729230 PMCID: PMC9213518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking CD73 ectonucleotidase has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of a novel EGFR-Targeted liposomal CD73 siRNA formulation in combination therapy with liposomal doxorubicin in the 4T1 mouse model. CD73 siRNA was encapsulated into nanoliposomes by the ethanol injection method. After preparation, characterization, morphology, and stability evaluation of formulations, the toxicity was measured by MTT assay. Uptake assay and efficiency of the liposomal formulations were investigated on the 4T1 cell line. The liposomal formulation containing CD73 siRNA was targeted with GE11 peptide for in vivo evaluations. Following biodistribution analysis, the antitumor activity of prepared formulations in combination with liposomal doxorubicin was studied in mice bearing 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells. Finally, the induction of immune response of formulations in concomitant treatment with liposomal doxorubicin was evaluated in the tumor microenvironment of a mouse model of breast cancer. The size of prepared liposomal formulations at N/P = 16 for the liposomal CD73 siRNA and GE11-liposomal CD73 siRNA groups were 89 nm ± 4.4 and 95 nm ± 6.6, respectively. The nanoparticle's PDI was less than 0.3 and their surface charge was below 10 mV. The results demonstrated that N/P = 16 yielded the best encapsulation efficiency which was 94% ± 3.3. AFM results showed that the liposomes were spherical in shape and were less than 100 nm in size. The results of the MTT assay showed significant toxicity of the liposomes containing CD73 siRNA during the 48-h cell culture. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry results showed that liposomes containing CD73 siRNA could effectively downregulate CD73 expression. Liposomal formulations were able to significantly downregulate CD73 gene expression, in vivo. However, CD73 downregulation efficiency was significantly higher for the targeted form compared to the non-targeted formulation (P value < 0.01). The combination showed maximum tumor growth delay with remarkable survival improvement compared to the control group. Studying the immune responses in the treatment groups which received doxorubicin, showed decreased number of lymphocytes in the tumor environment. However, this decrease was lower in the combination therapy group. Finally, our results clearly showed that CD73 downregulation increases the activity of CD8+ lymphocytes (IFN-ℽ production) and also significantly decreases the Foxp3 in the CD25+ lymphocytes compared to the control group. GE11-Lipo CD73 siRNA formulation can efficiently knockdown CD73 ectonucleotidase. Also, the efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin is significantly enhanced via the downregulation of CD73 ectonucleotidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Nikoofal-Sahlabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Bita Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yang YY, Zhang W, Liu H, Jiang JJ, Wang WJ, Jia ZY. Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Modified Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Rictor siRNA for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4961-4972. [PMID: 34916779 PMCID: PMC8671723 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s330059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens women's life and health. Methods In this study, we proposed to use graphene nanoparticles loaded with siRNA that can silence Rictor molecules essential for the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) complex to enhance gene delivery to tumor cells through modification of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) for the treatment of breast cancer. Results Remarkably, we successfully synthesized graphene oxide (GO)/polyethyleneimine (PEI)/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/CPP/small interfering RNA (siRNA) system, and the results were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. The optimum mass ratio of siRNA to GO-PEI-PEG-CPP was 1:0.5. We screened out Rictor siRNA-2 from 9 candidates, which presented the highest inhibition rate, and this siRNA was selected for the subsequent experiments. We validated that Rictor siRNA-2 significantly reduced the Rictor expression in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Confocal fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry analysis showed that GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA was able to be effectively uptake by TNBC cells. GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA improved the effect of siRNA on the inhibition of TNBC cell viability and the induction of TNBC cell apoptosis. The expression of Rictor and the phosphorylation of Akt and p70s6k were inhibited by GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA. Tumorigenicity analysis in nude mice showed that GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA significantly repressed the tumor growth of TNBC cells in vivo. The levels of ki-67 were repressed by GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA, and the apoptosis was induced by GO-PEI-PEG-CPP/siRNA in the system. Discussion Therefore, we concluded that CPP-modified GO nanoparticles loaded with Rictor siRNA significantly repressed TNBC progression by the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Our finding provides a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Yang
- Outpatient Comprehensive Treatment, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast I, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Botou Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Qingxian People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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Dong X, Sun Y, Li Y, Ma X, Zhang S, Yuan Y, Kohn J, Liu C, Qian J. Synergistic Combination of Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and the Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin to Overcome Tumor Multidrug Resistance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007672. [PMID: 33759364 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the biggest obstacles in cancer chemotherapy. Here, a remarkable reversal of MDR in breast cancer through the synergistic effects of bioactive hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNs) and doxorubicin (DOX) is shown. DOX loaded HAPNs (DHAPNs) exhibit a 150-fold reduction in IC50 compared with free DOX for human MDR breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells, and lead to almost complete inhibition of tumor growth in vivo without obvious side effects of free DOX. This high efficacy and specificity could be attributed to multiple action mechanisms of HAPNs. In addition to acting as the conventional nanocarriers to facilitate the cellular uptake and retention of DOX in MCF-7/ADR cells, more importantly, drug-free HAPNs themselves are able to prevent drug being pumped out of MDR cells through targeting mitochondria to induce mitochondrial damage and inhibit ATP production and to trigger sustained mitochondrial calcium overload and apoptosis in MDR cancer cells while not affecting normal cells. The results demonstrate that this simple but versatile bioactive nanoparticle provides a practical approach to effectively overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shuiquan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08855, USA
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jiangchao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Fang J, Chen S, Wang W, Meng S, Liu B. Nonconserved miR-608 suppresses prostate cancer progression through RAC2/PAK4/LIMK1 and BCL2L1/caspase-3 pathways by targeting the 3'-UTRs of RAC2/BCL2L1 and the coding region of PAK4. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5716-5734. [PMID: 31389670 PMCID: PMC6746107 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the functions and mechanisms of miR-608 in prostate cancer (PCa). CISH and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that miR-608 was low expressed in PCa tissues and cells, which was partly attributed to the methylation of CpG island adjacent to the transcription start site (TSS) of miR-608 gene. Intracellular miR-608 overexpression inhibited in vivo PCa tumor growth, and suppressed PCa cell proliferation, G2/M transition, and migration in vitro, which was independent of EMT-associated mechanisms. Then RAC2, a GTPase previously deemed hematopoiesis-specific but now discovered to exist and play important roles in PCa, was verified by western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assays to mediate the effects of miR-608 through RAC2/PAK4/LIMK1/cofilin pathway. MiR-608 also promoted the apoptosis of PCa cells through BCL2L1/caspase-3 pathway by targeting the 3'-UTR of BCL2L1. Moreover, PAK4, the downstream effector of RAC2, was found to be targeted by miR-608 at the mRNA coding sequence (CDS) instead of the canonical 3'-UTR. Knocking down RAC2, PAK4, or BCL2L1 with siRNAs reproduced the antiproliferative, mitosis-obstructive, antimigratory and proapoptotic effects of miR-608 in PCa cells, which could be attenuated by downregulating miR-608. In conclusion, miR-608 suppresses PCa progression, and its activation provides a new therapeutic option for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jiajie Fang
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shuai Meng
- Department of UrologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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Shi Q, Rondon-Cavanzo EP, Dalla Picola IP, Tiera MJ, Zhang X, Dai K, Benabdoune HA, Benderdour M, Fernandes JC. In vivo therapeutic efficacy of TNFα silencing by folate-PEG-chitosan-DEAE/siRNA nanoparticles in arthritic mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:387-402. [PMID: 29391796 PMCID: PMC5769564 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to play a role in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Silencing TNFα expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach to treatment of the condition. METHODS Towards this end, our team has developed a modified chitosan (CH) nanocarrier, deploying folic acid, diethylethylamine (DEAE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (folate-PEG-CH-DEAE15). The gene carrier protects siRNA against nuclease destruction, its ligands facilitate siRNA uptake via cell surface receptors, and it provides improved solubility at neutral pH with transport of its load into target cells. In the present study, nanoparticles were prepared with siRNA-TNFα, DEAE, and folic acid-CH derivative. Nanoparticle size and zeta potential were verified by dynamic light scattering. Their TNFα-knockdown effects were tested in a murine collagen antibody-induced arthritis model. TNFα expression was examined along with measurements of various cartilage and bone turnover markers by performing histology and microcomputed tomography analysis. RESULTS We demonstrated that folate-PEG-CH-DEAE15/siRNA nanoparticles did not alter cell viability, and significantly decreased inflammation, as demonstrated by improved clinical scores and lower TNFα protein concentrations in target tissues. This siRNA nanocarrier also decreased articular cartilage destruction and bone loss. CONCLUSION The results indicate that folate-PEG-CH-DEAE15 nanoparticles are a safe and effective platform for nonviral gene delivery of siRNA, and their potential clinical applications warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa-Patricia Rondon-Cavanzo
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isadora Pfeifer Dalla Picola
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcio José Tiera
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Orthopedic Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houda Abir Benabdoune
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Benderdour
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julio Cesar Fernandes
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Wang YL, Shao X, Wang F, Zeng L, Hu L, Cui SQ, Hou G, Huang DN. Intron-specific shRNA-mediated downregulation of survivin and promotion of apoptosis in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5927-5933. [PMID: 29113228 PMCID: PMC5661408 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the survivin gene contributes to tumorigenesis; it has been recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. In the present study, survivin expression was suppressed using recombinant plasmid mediated short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that were constructed to target exonic or intronic sequences of the survivin gene. In addition, a negative control shRNA was constructed. HeLa cells were transfected with specific shRNA constructs and the blocking efficiency of each shRNA was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels; and the five shRNA constructs with higher blocking efficiency were selected. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) following Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. Hoechst staining was used to detect the morphological diversity of the nuclei in apoptotic cells. The results demonstrated that survivin expression was effectively reduced by the transfection of shRNAs in HeLa cells. In addition, the apoptotic rates of the shRNA-treated groups were significantly increased compared with the negative control group according to the FCM results. The nuclei of HeLa cells exhibited apoptotic characteristics in the shRNA-treated groups as identified by Hoechst staining. Survivin-targeting shRNAs effectively downregulated the expression of the gene and markedly increased the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells. Data from the present study also indicated that the intron-specific shRNA demonstrate a high efficiency of inhibition of survivin expression and were able to induce cell apoptosis of HeLa cells through RNAi, potentially providing novel target sites for tumor therapy. In conclusion, the present study suggests that intron-specific blocking of survivin by RNAi may provide a tool for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Li Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Shao
- People's Hospital of Shiyan, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Fa Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Quan Cui
- Department of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Gan Hou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Di-Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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Maheshwari R, Tekade M, Gondaliya P, Kalia K, D'Emanuele A, Tekade RK. Recent advances in exosome-based nanovehicles as RNA interference therapeutic carriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2653-2675. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics (siRNA, miRNA, etc.) represent an emerging medicinal remedy for a variety of ailments. However, their low serum stability and low cellular uptake significantly restrict their clinical applications. Exosomes are biologically derived nanodimensional vesicle ranging from a few nanometers to a hundred. In the last few years, several reports have been published demonstrating the emerging applications of these exogenous membrane vesicles, particularly in carrying different RNAi therapeutics to adjacent or distant targeted cells. In this report, we explored the numerous aspects of exosomes from structure to clinical implications with special emphasis on their application in delivering RNAi-based therapeutics. siRNA and miRNA have attracted great interest in recent years due to their specific application in treating many complex diseases including cancer. We highlight strategies to obviate the challenges of their low bioavailability for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Maheshwari
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Muktika Tekade
- TIT College of Pharmacy, Technocrats Institute of Technology Campus, Anand Nagar, Raisen Road, Bhopal 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Antony D'Emanuele
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
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10
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López-Cebral R, Silva-Correia J, Reis RL, Silva TH, Oliveira JM. Peripheral Nerve Injury: Current Challenges, Conventional Treatment Approaches, and New Trends in Biomaterials-Based Regenerative Strategies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3098-3122. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. López-Cebral
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. Silva-Correia
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - T. H. Silva
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Zhang L, Zhou Q, Song W, Wu K, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Dual-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based siRNA Delivery System for Implant Surface Biomodification with Enhanced Osteogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:34722-34735. [PMID: 28925678 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization by small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a novel strategy for improved implant osseointegration. A gene delivery system with safety and high transfection activity is a crucial factor for an siRNA-functionalized implant to exert its biological function. To this end, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylenimine (PEI) dual-functionalized graphene oxide (GO; nGO-PEG-PEI) may present a promising siRNA vector. In this study, nanosized nGO-PEG-PEI was prepared and optimized for siRNA delivery. Titania nanotubes (NTs) fabricated by anodic oxidation were biomodified with nGO-PEG-PEI/siRNA by cathodic electrodeposition, designated as NT-GPP/siRNA. NT-GPP/siRNA possessed benign cytocompatibility, as evaluated by cell adhesion and proliferation. Cellular uptake and knockdown efficiency of the NT-GPP/siRNA were assessed by MC3T3-E1 cells, which exhibited high siRNA delivery efficiency and sustained target gene silencing. Casein kinase-2 interacting protein-1 (Ckip-1) is a negative regulator of bone formation. siRNA-targeting Ckip-1 (siCkip-1) was introduced to the implant, and a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to evaluate the osteogenic capacity of NT-GPP/siCkip-1. NT-GPP/siCkip-1 dramatically improved the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in terms of improved osteogenesis-related gene expression, and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production, collagen secretion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Moreover, NT-GPP/siCkip-1 led to apparently enhanced in vivo osseointegration, as indicated by histological staining and EDX line scanning. Collectively, these findings suggest that NT-GPP/siRNA represents a practicable and promising approach for implant functionalization, showing clinical potential for dental and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wen Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kaimin Wu
- Department of Stomatology, 401 Military Hospital , Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032, China
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Li Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Jiang T, Xiao W, Zhao S, Yu X, Han F. FGFR3 silencing by siRNA inhibits invasion of A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 12:4319-4326. [PMID: 28105147 PMCID: PMC5228408 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study identified that fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) was significantly upregulated in bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful approach for treating a wide range of human diseases, including cancer, through downregulating the expression of selected genes. In the present study, the invasiveness of A549 cells cultured in vitro was altered by small interfering (si)RNA targeting FGFR3, and the regulatory effect of silencing FGFR3 on the expression levels of E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 was investigated. Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were transfected with synthetic specific siRNAs targeting a fragment of the FGFR3 gene (namely, siRNA-855, siRNA-1447 and siRNA-2076) or with negative control (NC) siRNA. Cells were divided into five groups (A, siRNA-855 group; B, siRNA-1447 group; C, siRNA-2076 group; D, NC-siRNA group; and E, blank control group). The effect of the above siRNAs targeting FGFR3 on the invasion capacity of A549 cells was detected by Transwell assay. siRNAs against FGFR3 were transfected into A549 cells with by Lipofectamine® 2000, and the expression levels of FGFR3, E-cadherin and MMP9 were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The experimental findings indicated that the expression levels of FGFR3 and MMP9 were significantly reduced in the siRNA-FGFR3-transfected groups (A-C groups), compared with those in the D and E groups (P<0.01). In addition, the expression levels of E-cadherin were markedly elevated in the A-C groups, compared with those in the D and E groups (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in E-cadherin expression between the A-C groups, or between the D and E groups (P>0.05). These results indicated that siRNA-FGFR3 was able to decrease the invasiveness of A549 cells, inhibit the expression of MMP9 and increase the expression of E-cadherin by downregulating the expression of FGFR3. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that the upregulation of E-cadherin expression and the downregulation of MMP9 expression are able to inhibit the migration of A549 cells, and siRNA silencing FGFR3 acts as a tumor suppressor in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shufen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Fanjie Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Tushir-Singh J. Antibody-siRNA conjugates: drugging the undruggable for anti-leukemic therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:325-338. [PMID: 27977315 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1273344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Generating effective RNAi-based therapies with the potential to achieve leukemia remission remains critical unmet need. Despite a growing number of leukemia clinical trials, tissue specific delivery of therapeutic siRNA is a major roadblock in translating its clinical potential. The most recent reports in the antibody-siRNA-conjugates (ARCs) field add new dimensions to leukemic therapy, where a covalently ligated therapeutic antisense-RNA with the potential to repress the oncogenic transcript is selectively delivered into the cancer cells. Despite ARC localization to leukemic cells due to high affinity antigen-antibody interactions, multiple challenges exist to unlock the therapeutic potential of siRNA targeting. Areas covered: This review focuses on antibody and siRNA-based therapies for leukemia as well as potential antibody engineering-based strategies to generate an optimal ARC platform. Expert opinion: In vitro and clinical results have revealed that non-targeted delivery and inefficient cellular internalization of therapeutic siRNA are major contributing factors for the lack of efficacy in leukemia patients. Rational antibody design and selective protein engineering with the potential to neutralize siRNA charge, stabilize ARC complex, restrict off-targeted delivery, optimize endosomal escape, and extend serum half-life will generate clinically relevant leukemic therapies that are safe, selective, and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Tushir-Singh
- a Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics , University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville , VA , USA
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Malcolm DW, Sorrells JE, Van Twisk D, Thakar J, Benoit DSW. Evaluating side effects of nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery to mesenchymal stem cells using next generation sequencing and enrichment analysis. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:193-206. [PMID: 27981244 PMCID: PMC5125403 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference has immense potential to modulate cell functions. However, effective delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) while avoiding deleterious side effects has proven challenging. This study investigates both intended and unintended effects of diblock copolymer nanoparticle (NP) delivery of siRNA delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Specifically, siRNA delivery was investigated at a range of NP‐siRNA:hMSC ratios with a focus on the effects of NP‐siRNA treatment on hMSC functions. Additionally, next generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was used with enrichment analysis to observe side effects in hMSC gene expression. Results show NP‐siRNA delivery is negatively correlated with hMSC density. However, higher NP‐siRNA:hMSC ratios increased cytotoxicity and decreased metabolic activity. hMSC proliferation was largely unaffected by NP‐siRNA treatment, except for a threefold reduction in hMSCs seeded at 4,000 cells/cm2. Flow cytometry reveals that apoptosis is a function of NP‐siRNA treatment time and seeding density; ∼14% of the treated hMSCs seeded at 8,000 cells/cm2 were annexin V+‐siRNA+ 24 hr after treatment, while 11% of the treated population was annexin V+‐siRNA−. RNAseq shows that NP‐siRNA treatment results in transcriptomic changes in hMSCs, while pathway analysis shows upregulation of apoptosis signaling and downregulation of metabolism, cell cycle, and DNA replication pathways, as corroborated by apoptosis, metabolism, and proliferation assays. Additionally, multiple innate immune signaling pathways such as toll‐like receptor, RIG‐I‐like receptor, and nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathways are upregulated. Furthermore, and consistent with traditional siRNA immune activation, cytokine–cytokine receptor signaling was also upregulated. Overall, this study provides insight into NP‐siRNA:hMSC ratios that are favorable for siRNA delivery. Moreover, NP‐siRNA delivery results in side effects across the hMSC transcriptome that suggest activation of the innate immunity that could alter MSC functions associated with their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic W Malcolm
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Rochester NY14642
| | - Janet E Sorrells
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627
| | - Daniel Van Twisk
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627; Dept. of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester Rochester NY 14642
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Rochester NY 14642; Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627
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15
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siRNAmod: A database of experimentally validated chemically modified siRNAs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20031. [PMID: 26818131 PMCID: PMC4730238 DOI: 10.1038/srep20031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology has vast potential for functional genomics and development of therapeutics. However, it faces many obstacles predominantly instability of siRNAs due to nuclease digestion and subsequently biologically short half-life. Chemical modifications in siRNAs provide means to overcome these shortcomings and improve their stability and potency. Despite enormous utility bioinformatics resource of these chemically modified siRNAs (cm-siRNAs) is lacking. Therefore, we have developed siRNAmod, a specialized databank for chemically modified siRNAs. Currently, our repository contains a total of 4894 chemically modified-siRNA sequences, comprising 128 unique chemical modifications on different positions with various permutations and combinations. It incorporates important information on siRNA sequence, chemical modification, their number and respective position, structure, simplified molecular input line entry system canonical (SMILES), efficacy of modified siRNA, target gene, cell line, experimental methods, reference etc. It is developed and hosted using Linux Apache MySQL PHP (LAMP) software bundle. Standard user-friendly browse, search facility and analysis tools are also integrated. It would assist in understanding the effect of chemical modifications and further development of stable and efficacious siRNAs for research as well as therapeutics. siRNAmod is freely available at: http://crdd.osdd.net/servers/sirnamod.
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16
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Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis through siRNA delivery with tunable mesoporous bioactive nanocarriers. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:352-364. [PMID: 26432439 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene silencing through siRNA delivery has shown great promise for treating diseases and repairing damaged tissues, including bone. This report is the first to develop siRNA delivery system in the inhibition of osteoclastic functions which in turn can help turn-over bone mass increase in the diseases like osteoporosis. For this reason, biocompatible and degradable nanocarriers that can effectively load and deliver genetic molecules to target cells and tissues are being actively sought by researchers. In this study, mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (MBG), a novel unique biocompatible degradable inorganic nanocarrier, is introduced. Furthermore, siRNA was designed to function by inhibiting the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) in order to suppress osteoclastogenesis. Amine-functionalized MBG were synthesized with tunable mesoporosities, showing a strong complexation with siRNA. An in vitro release profile indicated that the siRNA from the MBG was able to achieve a highly sustainable liberation for up to 4 days, confirming a temporary delivery system can be designed to function for that period of time. The intracellular uptake capacity of the complex siRNA(RANK)-MBG was recorded to be around 70%. Furthermore, the RANK-expressing cell population declined down to 29% due to the delivery of siRNA(RANK)-MBG (vs. 86% in control). The expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes, including c-fos, cathepsin-K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), was substantially down-regulated by the siRNA delivery system. This study reports for the first time on the use of a novel MBG delivery system for siRNA that aims to suppress osteoclastic actions. MBGs may be a potential gene delivery platform for hard tissue repair and disease treatment due to the collective results which indicate a high loading capacity, temporary release kinetics, high intracellular uptake rate, and sufficient gene silencing effects, together with the intrinsic beneficial properties like bone-bioactivity and degradability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This report is the first to develop siRNA delivery system of biocompatible and degradable nanocarriers made from a unique composition, i.e., mesoporous bioactive glass that can effectively load and deliver genetic molecules to osteoclastic cells. We proved through a series of studies that the biocompatible nanocarriers are effective for the delivery of siRNA in the inhibition of osteoclastic functions which thus might be considered as a nanocarrier platform to help turn-over bone mass increase in the diseases like osteoporosis.
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Lee SJ, Yook S, Yhee JY, Yoon HY, Kim MG, Ku SH, Kim SH, Park JH, Jeong JH, Kwon IC, Lee S, Lee H, Kim K. Co-delivery of VEGF and Bcl-2 dual-targeted siRNA polymer using a single nanoparticle for synergistic anti-cancer effects in vivo. J Control Release 2015; 220:631-41. [PMID: 26307351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease which involves complex genetic mutation and dysregulation. Combinatorial RNAi technology and concurrent multiple gene silencing are expected to provide advanced strategies for effective cancer therapy, but a safe and effective carrier system is a prerequisite to successful siRNA delivery in vivo. We previously developed an effective tumor-targeting siRNA delivery system for in vivo application. In response to the success of this development, herein we present a dual-gene targeted siRNA and its delivery system, to achieve synergistic effects in cancer therapy. Two different sequences of siRNA were chemically modified to be randomly copolymerized in a single backbone of siRNA polymer (Dual-poly-siRNA), and the resulting Dual-poly-siRNA was incorporated into tumor-homing glycol chitosan nanoparticles. Based on the stability in serum and delivery in a tumor-targeted manner, intravenously administered Dual-poly-siRNA carrying glycol chitosan nanoparticles (Dual-NP) demonstrated successful dual-gene silencing in tumors. Notably, co-delivery of VEGF and Bcl-2 targeting siRNA led to more effective cancer therapy for convenient application.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jin Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Yhee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwan 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Goo Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Hee Ku
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwan 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST School, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
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Biscans A, Rouanet S, Bertrand JR, Vasseur JJ, Dupouy C, Debart F. Synthesis, binding, nuclease resistance and cellular uptake properties of 2'-O-acetalester-modified oligonucleotides containing cationic groups. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5360-8. [PMID: 26260340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides (ONs) with 2'-O-acetalester modifications containing cationic side chains in a prodrug-like approach. In the aim to improve cell penetration and nuclease resistance, various different amino- or guanidino-acetalester were grafted to 2'-OH of uridine and the corresponding phosphoramidites were incorporated into ONs. Introduction of 2'-O-(2-aminomethyl-2-ethyl)butyryloxymethyl (AMEBuOM) modification into 2'-OMe ONs leads to high resistance towards enzymatic degradation and to destabilization of duplexes with complementary RNA strand. Spontaneous uptake experiments of a twelve-mer containing ten 2'-O-AMEBuOM-U units into A673 cells showed moderate internalization of ON within the cells whereas substantial internalization of the corresponding lipophilic 2'-O-pivaloyloxymethyl ON was observed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Biscans
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Sonia Rouanet
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Rémi Bertrand
- UMR 8203 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Christelle Dupouy
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
| | - Françoise Debart
- Department of Nucleic Acids, IBMM UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, UM Campus Triolet, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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Jafari S, Maleki Dizaj S, Adibkia K. Cell-penetrating peptides and their analogues as novel nanocarriers for drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:103-11. [PMID: 26191505 PMCID: PMC4492185 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impermeability of biological membranes is a major obstacle in drug delivery; however, some peptides have transition capabilities of biomembranes. In recent decades, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been introduced as novel biocarriers that are able to translocate into the cells. CPPs are biologically potent tools for non-invasive cellular internalization of cargo molecules. Nevertheless, the non-specificity of these peptides presents a restriction for targeting drug delivery; therefore, a peptidic nanocarrier sensitive to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) has been prepared, called activatable cell-penetrating peptide (ACPP). In addition to the cell-penetrating peptide dendrimer (DCPP), other analogues of CPPs have been synthesized. METHODS In this study, the most recent literature in the field of biomedical application of CPPs and their analogues, ACPP and DCCP, were reviewed. RESULTS This review focuses on CPP and its analogues, ACPP and DCPP, as novel nanocarriers for drug delivery. In addition, nanoconjugates and bioconjugates of these peptide sequences are discussed. CONCLUSION DCCP, branched CPPs, compared to linear peptides have advantages such as resistance to rapid biodegradation, high loading capacities and large-scale production capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jafari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Li N, Luo HC, Yang C, Deng JJ, Ren M, Xie XY, Lin DZ, Yan L, Zhang LM. Cationic star-shaped polymer as an siRNA carrier for reducing MMP-9 expression in skin fibroblast cells and promoting wound healing in diabetic rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3377-87. [PMID: 25075185 PMCID: PMC4106967 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is deleterious to the cutaneous wound-healing process in the context of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to explore whether a cationic star-shaped polymer consisting of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) core and poly(amidoamine) dendron arms (β-CD-[D3]7) could be used as the gene carrier of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to reduce MMP-9 expression for enhanced diabetic wound healing. Methods The cytotoxicity of β-CD-(D3)7 was investigated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MMT) method in the rat CRL1213 skin fibroblast cell line. The transfection efficiency of β-CD-(D3)7/MMP-9-small interfering RNA (siRNA) complexes was determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Quantitative real time (RT) polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the gene expression of MMP-9 after the transfection by β-CD-(D3)7/MMP-9-siRNA complexes. The β-CD-(D3)7/MMP-9-siRNA complexes were injected on the wounds of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Wound closure was measured on days 4 and 7 post-wounding. Results β-CD-(D3)7 exhibited low cytotoxicity in fibroblast cells, and easily formed the complexes with MMP-9-siRNA. The β-CD-(D3)7/MMP-9-siRNA complexes were readily taken up by fibroblast cells, resulting in the downregulation of MMP-9 gene expression (P<0.01). Animal experiments revealed that the treatment by β-CD-(D3)7/MMP-9-siRNA complexes enhanced wound closure in diabetic rats on day 7 post-wounding (P<0.05). Conclusion β-CD-(D3)7 may be used as an efficient carrier for the delivery of MMP-9-siRNA to reduce MMP-9 expression in skin fibroblast cells and promote wound healing in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Cong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Deng
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, Institute of Polymer Science, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Diao-Zhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- DSAPM Lab and PCFM Lab, Institute of Polymer Science, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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