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Sun Y, Jiang X, Gao J. Stem cell-based ischemic stroke therapy: Novel modifications and clinical challenges. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100867. [PMID: 38357525 PMCID: PMC10864855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) causes severe disability and high mortality worldwide. Stem cell (SC) therapy exhibits unique therapeutic potential for IS that differs from current treatments. SC's cell homing, differentiation and paracrine abilities give hope for neuroprotection. Recent studies on SC modification have enhanced therapeutic effects for IS, including gene transfection, nanoparticle modification, biomaterial modification and pretreatment. These methods improve survival rate, homing, neural differentiation, and paracrine abilities in ischemic areas. However, many problems must be resolved before SC therapy can be clinically applied. These issues include production quality and quantity, stability during transportation and storage, as well as usage regulations. Herein, we reviewed the brief pathogenesis of IS, the "multi-mechanism" advantages of SCs for treating IS, various SC modification methods, and SC therapy challenges. We aim to uncover the potential and overcome the challenges of using SCs for treating IS and convey innovative ideas for modifying SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinchi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Lee T, Hwang S, Seo D, Cho S, Yang S, Kim H, Kim J, Uh Y. Comparative Analysis of Biological Signatures between Freshly Preserved and Cryo-Preserved Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2355. [PMID: 37830568 PMCID: PMC10571833 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple connective tissue lineages, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs secrete paracrine molecules that are associated with immunomodulation, anti-fibrotic effects, and angiogenesis. Due to their orchestrative potential, MSCs have been therapeutically applied for several diseases. An important aspect of this process is the delivery of high-quality MSCs to patients at the right time, and cryo-biology and cryo-preservation facilitate the advancement of the logistics thereof. This study aimed to compare the biological signatures between freshly preserved and cryo-preserved MSCs by using big data sourced from the Pharmicell database. From 2011 to 2022, data on approximately 2300 stem cell manufacturing cases were collected. The dataset included approximately 60 variables, including viability, population doubling time (PDT), immunophenotype, and soluble paracrine molecules. In the dataset, 671 cases with no missing data were able to receive approval from an Institutional Review Board and were analyzed. Among the 60 features included in the final dataset, 20 were selected by experts and abstracted into two features by using a principal component analysis. Circular clustering did not introduce any differences between the two MSC preservation methods. This pattern was also observed when using viability, cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, and paracrine molecular indices as inputs for unsupervised analysis. The individual average PDT and cell viability at most passages did not differ according to the preservation method. Most immunophenotypes (except for the CD14 marker) and paracrine molecules did not exhibit different mean levels or concentrations between the frozen and unfrozen MSC groups. Collectively, the biochemical signatures of the cryo-preserved and unfrozen bone marrow MSCs were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesic Lee
- Division of Data Mining and Computational Biology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Hwang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongmin Seo
- Department of Medical Information, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungyoon Cho
- Pharmicell Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13229, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (S.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Sunja Yang
- Pharmicell Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13229, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (S.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Pharmicell Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13229, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (S.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Jangyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young Uh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
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Carballo-Pedrares N, Ponti F, Lopez-Seijas J, Miranda-Balbuena D, Bono N, Candiani G, Rey-Rico A. Non-viral gene delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells: a practical guide towards cell engineering. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:49. [PMID: 37491322 PMCID: PMC10369726 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have gained momentum in the field of cell therapy for treating cartilage and bone injuries. Despite the tri-lineage multipotency, proliferative properties, and potent immunomodulatory effects of hMSCs, their clinical potential is hindered by donor variations, limiting their use in medical settings. To address this challenge, gene delivery technologies have emerged as a promising approach to modulate the phenotype and commitment of hMSCs towards specific cell lineages, thereby enhancing osteochondral repair strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current non-viral gene delivery approaches used to engineer MSCs, highlighting key factors such as the choice of nucleic acid or delivery vector, transfection strategies, and experimental parameters. Additionally, it outlines various protocols and methods for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of their therapeutic potential as a delivery system in osteochondral regenerative applications. In summary, this technical review offers a practical guide for optimizing non-viral systems in osteochondral regenerative approaches. hMSCs constitute a key target population for gene therapy techniques. Nevertheless, there is a long way to go for their translation into clinical treatments. In this review, we remind the most relevant transfection conditions to be optimized, such as the type of nucleic acid or delivery vector, the transfection strategy, and the experimental parameters to accurately evaluate a delivery system. This survey provides a practical guide to optimizing non-viral systems for osteochondral regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Carballo-Pedrares
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL). Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología - CICA, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, S/N. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Federica Ponti
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair I in Biomaterials and Bioengineering for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center of CHU de Quebec, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Junquera Lopez-Seijas
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL). Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología - CICA, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, S/N. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Diego Miranda-Balbuena
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL). Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología - CICA, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, S/N. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Nina Bono
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Candiani
- genT_LΛB, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Group (G-CEL). Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología - CICA, Universidade da Coruña, As Carballeiras, S/N. Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain.
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Soleymani-Goloujeh M, Hosseini S, Baghaban Eslaminejad M. Advanced Nanotechnology Approaches as Emerging Tools in Cellular-Based Technologies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:127-144. [PMID: 35816248 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are valuable tools in regenerative medicine because they can generate a wide variety of cell types and tissues that can be used to treat or replace damaged tissues and organs. However, challenges related to the application of stem cells in the scope of regenerative medicine have urged scientists to utilize nanomedicine as a prerequisite to circumvent some of these hurdles. Nanomedicine plays a crucial role in this process and manipulates surface biology, the fate of stem cells, and biomaterials. Many attempts have been made to modify cellular behavior and improve their regenerative ability using nano-based strategies. Notably, nanotechnology applications in regenerative medicine and cellular therapies are controversial because of ethical and legal considerations. Therefore, this review describes nanotechnology in cell-based applications and focuses on newly proposed nano-based approaches. Cutting-edge strategies to engineer biological tissues and the ethical, legal, and social considerations of nanotechnology in regenerative nanomedicine applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Soleymani-Goloujeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Sharma AR, Lee YH, Bat-Ulzii A, Bhattacharya M, Chakraborty C, Lee SS. Recent advances of metal-based nanoparticles in nucleic acid delivery for therapeutic applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:501. [PMID: 36434667 PMCID: PMC9700905 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts in designing nanomaterials to deliver potential therapeutics to the targeted site are overwhelming and palpable. Engineering nanomaterials to deliver biological molecules to exert desirable physiological changes, with minimized side effects and optimal dose, has revolutionized the next-generation therapy for several diseases. The rapid progress of nucleic acids as biopharmaceutics is going to alter the traditional pharmaceutics practices in modern medicine. However, enzymatic instability, large size, dense negative charge (hydrophilic for cell uptake), and unintentional adverse biological responses-such as prolongation of the blood coagulation and immune system activation-hamper the potential use of nucleic acids for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, the safe delivery of nucleic acids into the clinical setting is an uphill task, and several efforts are being put forward to deliver them to targeted cells. Advances in Metal-based NanoParticles (MNPs) are drawing attention due to the unique properties offered by them for drug delivery, such as large surface-area-to-volume ratio for surface modification, increased therapeutic index of drugs through site-specific delivery, increased stability, enhanced half-life of the drug in circulation, and efficient biodistribution to the desired targeted site. Here, the potential of nanoparticles delivery systems for the delivery of nucleic acids, specially MNPs, and their ability and advantages over other nano delivery systems are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- grid.464534.40000 0004 0647 1735Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, 24252 Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Lee
- grid.464534.40000 0004 0647 1735Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, 24252 Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Altanzul Bat-Ulzii
- grid.464534.40000 0004 0647 1735Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, 24252 Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- grid.444315.30000 0000 9013 5080Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha 756020 India
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- grid.502979.00000 0004 6087 8632Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Ba-rasat-Barrackpore Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126 India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- grid.464534.40000 0004 0647 1735Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, 24252 Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
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Azimifar MA, Salmasi Z, Doosti A, Babaei N, Hashemi M. Evaluation of the efficiency of modified PAMAM dendrimer with low molecular weight protamine peptide to deliver IL-12 plasmid into stem cells as cancer therapy vehicles. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3175. [PMID: 34013634 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is considered as an important molecule for cancer immunotherapy with significant roles in hindering tumor activity, mostly mediated by tumor-associated macrophages and anti-angiogenic factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been come out as promising carriers to increase the accumulation of drug/gene in tumor sites. As a vehicle, MSCs have various advantages, including tumor-specific propensity and migratory ability; however, they have limited transfection efficiency, compared to other cells. In this study, we introduced a novel delivery system based on poly-(amidoamine) (PAMAM) (G5) to deliver a plasmid encoding IL-12 to MSCs. Initially, 30% of the amine surface of PAMAM was substituted by 10-bromodecanoic acid. Then, the low molecular weight of protamine peptide was conjugated to PAMAM and PAMAM-alkyl with N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate as a linker. Physicochemical properties of this modified PAMAM were evaluated, including size and surface charge, toxicity, transfection efficiency to deliver reporter and IL-12 genes into MSCs and finally the migration potential of the engineered stem cells into cancer and normal cell lines (HepG2 and NIH/3 T3). The results showed that alkyl-peptide modified PAMAM with low toxicity had a higher potential to deliver green fluorescent protein and IL-12 genes to stem cells, than PMAMAM, PAMAM-alkyl and PAMAM-peptide. These engineered stem cells had a greater ability to migrate to cancer cells than normal cells. It can be concluded that engineered stem cells containing the IL-12 gene can be considered as an efficient cell carrier for cancer immunotherapy. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Azimifar
- Department of Cell Molecular Biology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nahid Babaei
- Department of Cell Molecular Biology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pishavar E, Oroojalian F, Salmasi Z, Hashemi E, Hashemi M. Recent advances of dendrimer in targeted delivery of drugs and genes to stem cells as cellular vehicles. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3174. [PMID: 33987965 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells can be used to repair dysfunctional and injured (or cancerous) tissues by delivering therapeutics. However, in comparison with other cells, it is harder to transfect drugs or genes into stem cells. Dendrimers have been considered as efficient vectors to deliver both genes and drugs to stem cells due to their unique properties including adjustable molecular weight and size, low toxicity, high loading capacity, and having multiple peripheral chemical agents which can be functionalized to improve deliverance efficiency. In this review, we discuss dendrimer-mediated drug and gene delivery to stem cells as cellular vehicles and the role of this strategy in treating a variety of disorders via regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Pishavar
- Pharmacutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ezzat Hashemi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cationic cross-linked polymers containing labile disulfide and boronic ester linkages for effective triple responsive DNA release. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:110988. [PMID: 32276213 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of DNA carriers triggered by intracellular bio-stimulants has been broadly considered as most convenient strategy for efficient DNA delivery. In this direction, we have designed and synthesized pH, redox and ATP responsive cationic cross-linked polymers (CLPs) having disulfide and reversible boronic ester linkages. These CLPs also contain folate groups that are known for their targeting capability towards cancer cells. Biophysical studies showed that these cationic CLPs exhibited more effective DNA condensation in comparison to cationic linear polymers resulting in the formation of nano-sized polyplexes with sufficient positive zeta potentials and good colloidal stability at neutral pH (∼7.4). More interestingly, the polyplexes prepared from these CLPs have the ability to selectively release complexed DNA under conditions similar to those prevalent in cancer cells such as acidic pH, ATP rich surroundings or presence of glutathione, as revealed by ethidium bromide exclusion assay, agarose gel electrophoresis, AFM measurements, etc. Therefore, these cross-linked polymers have high potential of being effective non-viral gene delivery vehicles.
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Li T, Chen Q, Zheng Y, Zhang P, Chen X, Lu J, Lv Y, Sun S, Zeng W. PAMAM-cRGD mediating efficient siRNA delivery to spermatogonial stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31852526 PMCID: PMC6921429 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the cornerstone of sperm production and thus perpetual male fertility. In clinics, transplantation of patient’s own SSCs into testes is a promising technique to restore fertility when male germ cells have been depleted by gonadotoxic therapies. Auto-transplantation of genetically modified SSCs even has the potential to treat male infertility caused by genetic mutations. However, SSCs are refractory to transfection approaches. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have the unique three-dimensional architecture, surface charge, and high density of surface groups that are suitable for ligand attachment, thereby facilitating target delivery. The goal of this study was to elucidate whether PAMAM dendrimers can efficiently deliver short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to SSCs. Methods and results We introduced cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptides to the fifth generation of PAMAM dendrimers (G5) to generate PAMAM-cRGD dendrimers (G5-cRGD). The characterization of G5-cRGD was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the delivery efficiency of siRNA by G5-cRGD to SSCs. The results showed that G5-cRGD encompassing siRNA could self-assemble into spherical structures with nanoscale size and possess high transfection efficiency, excellent endosomal escape ability, and low cytotoxicity, superior to a commercial transfection reagent Lipofectamine® 2000. Moreover, we demonstrated that G5-cRGD efficiently delivered siRNAs and triggered gene silencing. Conclusions This study thus provides a promising nanovector for siRNA delivery in SSCs, facilitating the future clinical application of SSC auto-transplantation with genetically modified cells with a hope to cure male infertility that is caused by genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junna Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinghua Lv
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Farzamfar S, Nazeri N, Salehi M, Valizadeh A, Marashi S, Savari Kouzehkonan G, Ghanbari H. Will Nanotechnology Bring New Hope for Stem Cell Therapy? Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 206:229-241. [DOI: 10.1159/000500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of stem cell therapy has been shown in preclinical trials for the treatment of damage and replacement of organs and degenerative diseases. After many years of research, its clinical application is limited. Currently there is not a single stem cell therapy product or procedure. Nanotechnology is an emerging field in medicine and has huge potential due to its unique characteristics such as its size, surface effects, tunnel effects, and quantum size effect. The importance of application of nanotechnology in stem cell technology and cell-based therapies has been recognized. In particular, the effects of nanotopography on stem cell differentiation, proliferation, and adhesion have become an area of intense research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite the many opportunities that nanotechnology can create to change the fate of stem cell technology and cell therapies, it poses several risks since some nanomaterials are cytotoxic and can affect the differentiation program of stem cells and their viability. Here we review some of the advances and the prospects of nanotechnology in stem cell research and cell-based therapies and discuss the issues, obstacles, applications, and approaches with the aim of opening new avenues for further research.
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Star-shaped poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate)s as non-viral gene carriers: Exploring structure-function relationship. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:721-727. [PMID: 31228855 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy shows much promise in treating many inheritable and acquired diseases, but challenges remain in the design of gene vectors with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency. Elucidating the structure-function relationship of non-viral polymer-based gene carriers is crucial for improving the design and performance of safe and effective gene therapy approaches. The cationic poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) (PAEM) containing primary amino side groups is an attractive carrier for gene delivery. This study focuses on four PAEM-based polycations with well-defined molecular weight and chain architecture. The polymers include three cyclodextrin (CD)-cored star-shaped PAEM polycations (s-PAEM), synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and a linear PAEM polycation (l-PAEM), synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP. All four polycations could condense plasmid DNA (pDNA) into spherical polyplexes with small sizes (<200 nm). The polyplexes showed excellent stability during storage and were able to resist electrostatic destabilization. The cytotoxicity of these polycations was depended on dose and target cell type and was influenced by molecular weight and chain architecture, yet the polyplexes showed little cytotoxicity regardless of the type of polymer used. The transfection efficiency of PAEM polycations was highly dependent upon molecular weight, molecular architecture (star versus linear) and target cell type. In most cases, polyplexes formed by high-molecular-weight s-PAEM performed the best. Moreover, at a specific N/P ratio, the transfection efficiency mediated by s-PAEM was higher in MCF-7 breast cancer cells than in COS-7 fibroblast-like cells, but such cell-type dependence was not obvious for l-PAEM. These findings indicate that the star-shaped PAEM polycations could be promising gene carriers for gene therapy applications.
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Na Y, Nam JP, Hong J, Oh E, Shin HC, Kim HS, Kim SW, Yun CO. Systemic administration of human mesenchymal stromal cells infected with polymer-coated oncolytic adenovirus induces efficient pancreatic tumor homing and infiltration. J Control Release 2019; 305:75-88. [PMID: 31071373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (oAd)-mediated gene therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment because of its cancer cell-restricted replication and therapeutic gene expression. However, systemic administration of oAd is severely restricted by their immunogenic nature and poor tumor homing ability, thus oAd cannot be utilized to treat disseminated metastases. In this study, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSCs) was used as a viral replication-permissive carrier for oAd with an aim to improve the systemic delivery of the virus to tumor tissues. To overcome the poor delivery of oAd into hMSCs, a relaxin (RLX)-expressing oncolytic Ad (oAd/RLX), which degrades dense tumor extracellular matrix of highly desmoplastic pancreatic cancer, was complexed with biodegradable polymer (poly (ethyleneimine)-conjugated poly(CBA-DAH); PCDP), generating oAd/RLX-PCDP complex. oAd/RLX-PCDP complex enhanced the internalization of oAd into hMSC, leading to superior viral production and release from hMSCs, along with high RLX expression. Furthermore, systemic administration of oAd/RLX-PCDP-treated hMSCs elicited more potent antitumor effect compared to naked oAd/RLX or oAd/RLX-treated hMSC in pancreatic tumor model. This potent antitumor effect of systemically administered oAd/RLX-PCDP-treated hMSCs was achieved by superior viral replication in tumor tissues than any other treatment group. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that hMSCs are effective carriers for the systemic delivery of oAd to tumor sites and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Na
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joung-Pyo Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - JinWoo Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eonju Oh
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wojnilowicz M, Pan S, Ju Y, Zhang W, Liu J, Zhuo R, Jiang X. Acid-sensitive poly(β-cyclodextrin)-based multifunctional supramolecular gene vector. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01847a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional host–guest supramolecular PCD-acetal-PGEA/Ad-PEG-FA polyplexes showing FA-targeting and acid-triggered intracellular gene release resulted in good transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunti Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
| | - Qimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Marcin Wojnilowicz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Shuaijun Pan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Yi Ju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
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14
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Figueroa E, Bugga P, Asthana V, Chen AL, Stephen Yan J, Evans ER, Drezek RA. A mechanistic investigation exploring the differential transfection efficiencies between the easy-to-transfect SK-BR3 and difficult-to-transfect CT26 cell lines. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:36. [PMID: 28464829 PMCID: PMC5414217 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gold–polyamidoamine (AuPAMAM) has previously been shown to successfully transfect cells with high efficiency. However, we have observed that certain cell types are more amenable to Au–PAMAM transfection than others. Here we utilized two representative cell lines—a “difficult to transfect” CT26 cell line and an “easy to transfect” SK-BR3 cell line—and attempted to determine the underlying mechanism for differential transfection in both cell types. Using a commonly established poly-cationic polymer similar to PAMAM (polyethyleneimine, or PEI), we additionally sought to quantify the relative transfection efficiencies of each vector in CT26 and SK-BR3 cells, in the hopes of elucidating any mechanistic differences that may exist between the two transfection vectors. Results A comparative time course analysis of green fluorescent protein reporter-gene expression and DNA uptake was conducted to quantitatively compare PEI- and AuPAMAM-mediated transfection in CT26 and SK-BR3, while flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to determine the contribution of cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and cytoplasmic transport to the overall gene delivery process. Results from the time course analysis and flow cytometry studies revealed that initial complex uptake and cytoplasmic trafficking to the nucleus are likely the two main factors limiting CT26 transfectability. Conclusions The cell type-dependent uptake and intracellular transport mechanisms impacting gene therapy remain largely unexplored and present a major hurdle in the application-specific design and efficiency of gene delivery vectors. This systematic investigation offers insights into the intracellular mechanistic processes that may account for cell-to-cell differences, as well as vector-to-vector differences, in gene transfectability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0271-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pallavi Bugga
- Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | | | - Allen L Chen
- Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - J Stephen Yan
- Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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15
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Ullah I, Muhammad K, Akpanyung M, Nejjari A, Neve AL, Guo J, Feng Y, Shi C. Bioreducible, hydrolytically degradable and targeting polymers for gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3253-3276. [PMID: 32264392 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, synthetic gene carriers have been intensively developed owing to their promising application in gene therapy and considered as a suitable alternative to viral vectors because of several benefits. But cationic polymers still face some problems like low transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, and poor cell recognition and internalization. The emerging engineered and smart polymers can respond to some changes in the biological environment like pH change, ionic strength change and redox potential, which is beneficial for cellular uptake. Redox-sensitive disulfide based and hydrolytically degradable cationic polymers serve as gene carriers with excellent transfection efficiency and good biocompatibility owing to degradation in the cytoplasm. Additionally, biodegradable polymeric micelles with cell-targeting function are recently emerging gene carriers, especially for the transfection of endothelial cells. In this review, some strategies for gene carriers based on these bioreducible and hydrolytically degradable polymers will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China.
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16
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A polyamidoamne dendrimer functionalized graphene oxide for DOX and MMP-9 shRNA plasmid co-delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:572-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Liu J, Xu L, Jin Y, Qi C, Li Q, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. Cell-Targeting Cationic Gene Delivery System Based on a Modular Design Rationale. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14200-14210. [PMID: 27191222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
En route to target cells, a gene carrier faces multiple extra- and intracellular hurdles that would affect delivery efficacy. Although diverse strategies have been proposed to functionalize gene carriers for individually overcoming these barriers, it is challenging to generate a single multifunctional gene carrier capable of surmounting all these barriers. Aiming at this challenge, we have developed a supramolecular modular approach to fabricate a multifunctional cationic gene delivery system. It consists of two prefunctionalized modules: (1) a host module: a polymer (PCD-SS-PDMAEMA) composed of poly(β-cyclodextrin) backbone and disulfide-linked PDMAEMA arms, expectedly acting to compact DNA and release DNA upon cleavage of disulfide linkers in reductive microenvironment; and (2) a guest module: adamantyl and folate terminated PEG (Ad-PEG-FA), expectedly functioning to reduce nonspecific interactions, improve biocompatibility, and provide folate-mediated cellular targeting specificity. Through the host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin units of the "host" module and adamantyl groups of the "guest" module, the PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1 (host) and Ad-PEG-FA (guest) self-assemble forming a supramolecular pseudocopolymer (PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1/PEG-FA). Our comprehensive analyses demonstrate that the functions preassigned to the two building modules are well realized. The gene carrier effectively compacts DNA into stable nanosized polyplexes resistant to enzymatic digestion, triggers DNA release in reducing environment, possesses significantly improved hemocompatibility, and specifically targets folate-receptor positive cells. Most importantly, endowed with these predesigned functions, the PCD-SS-PDMAEMA-1/PEG-FA supramolecular gene carrier exhibits excellent transfection efficacy for both pDNA and siRNA. Thus, this work represents a proof-of-concept example showing the efficiency and convenience of an adaptable, modular approach for conferring multiple functions to a single supramolecular gene carrier toward effective in vivo delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Luming Xu
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qilin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yunti Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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18
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Wang DD, Yang M, Zhu Y, Mao C. Reiterated Targeting Peptides on the Nanoparticle Surface Significantly Promote Targeted Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Delivery to Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3897-903. [PMID: 26588028 PMCID: PMC4922499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral gene delivery vectors hold great promise for gene therapy due to the safety concerns with viral vectors. However, the application of nonviral vectors is hindered by their low transfection efficiency. Herein, in order to tackle this challenge, we developed a nonviral vector integrating lipids, sleeping beauty transposon system and 8-mer stem cell targeting peptides for safe and efficient gene delivery to hard-to-transfect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The 8-mer MSC-targeting peptides, when synthetically reiterated in three folds and chemically presented on the surface, significantly promoted the resultant lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNs) to deliver VEGF gene into MSCs with a high transfection efficiency (∼52%) and long-lasting gene expression (for longer than 170 h) when compared to nonreiterated peptides. However, the reiterated stem cell targeting peptides do not enable the highly efficient gene transfer to other control cells. This work suggests that the surface presentation of the reiterated stem cell-targeting peptides on the nonviral vectors is a promising method for improving the efficiency of cell-specific nonviral gene transfection in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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19
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van Tilborg E, Heijnen CJ, Benders MJ, van Bel F, Fleiss B, Gressens P, Nijboer CH. Impaired oligodendrocyte maturation in preterm infants: Potential therapeutic targets. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 136:28-49. [PMID: 26655283 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is an evolving challenge in neonatal health care. Despite declining mortality rates among extremely premature neonates, morbidity rates remain very high. Currently, perinatal diffuse white matter injury (WMI) is the most commonly observed type of brain injury in preterm infants and has become an important research area. Diffuse WMI is associated with impaired cognitive, sensory and psychological functioning and is increasingly being recognized as a risk factor for autism-spectrum disorders, ADHD, and other psychological disturbances. No treatment options are currently available for diffuse WMI and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are far from being completely understood. Preterm birth is associated with maternal inflammation, perinatal infections and disrupted oxygen supply which can affect the cerebral microenvironment by causing activation of microglia, astrogliosis, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress. This intricate interplay of events negatively influences oligodendrocyte development, causing arrested oligodendrocyte maturation or oligodendrocyte cell death, which ultimately results in myelination failure in the developing white matter. This review discusses the current state in perinatal WMI research, ranging from a clinical perspective to basic molecular pathophysiology. The complex regulation of oligodendrocyte development in healthy and pathological conditions is described, with a specific focus on signaling cascades that may play a role in WMI. Furthermore, emerging concepts in the field of WMI and issues regarding currently available animal models are put forward. Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying impeded oligodendrocyte maturation in diffuse WMI may aid the development of novel treatment options which are desperately needed to improve the quality-of-life of preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Tilborg
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manon J Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Bel
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- Inserm, Paris U1141, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS, Paris 1141, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm, Paris U1141, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS, Paris 1141, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cora H Nijboer
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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