1
|
Geoffroy K, Mullins-Dansereau V, Leclerc-Desaulniers K, Viens M, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC. Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus alone or in combination with JAK inhibitors is effective against ovarian cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200826. [PMID: 39006945 PMCID: PMC11246050 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Therapy-resistant ovarian cancers have a poor prognosis and novel effective treatment options are urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) against a panel of patient-derived ovarian cancer cell lines of all epithelial subtypes. Notably, we found that most of the cell lines were sensitive to VSV virotherapy. With the objective of improving treatment efficacy for the oncolytic virus-resistant cell lines, we tested various combinations with ovarian cancer standard of care drugs: olaparib, carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and gemcitabine. While none of these combinations revealed to be beneficial, further experiments demonstrated that the antiviral interferon pathway was functional in VSV-resistant cell lines. Given that interferons signal through Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT to mediate their antiviral function, we tested combinations of oncolytic VSV with clinically relevant JAK inhibitors. Our results show that combining VSV with various JAK inhibitors, including ruxolitinib, enhances VSV virotherapy and treatment efficacy. Altogether, we show that VSV, either as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with JAK inhibitors provides an effective therapeutic option for ovarian cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Geoffroy
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Victor Mullins-Dansereau
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kim Leclerc-Desaulniers
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mélissa Viens
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Cancer and Immunopathology Axes, CHUM Research Centre, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roy DG, Bell JC, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC. Magnetic targeting of oncolytic VSV-based therapies improves infection of tumor cells in the presence of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:641-646. [PMID: 32248971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a class of biotherapeutics that are currently being explored for the treatment of cancer. While showing promise in several pre-clinical and clinical studies, systemic delivery of these anti-cancer agents is hampered by inefficient tumor targeting and a host immune system that is highly evolved to detect and neutralize pathogens. To shield the virus from immune recognition and destruction, the use of cells as delivery vehicles has been explored for the systemic delivery of OVs. Though several types of cell carriers are able to protect OVs during intravenous delivery, many still lack the ability to specifically home to or accumulate within the tumor microenvironment. Overall, OV-based therapeutics could benefit from tumor targeting strategies to maximize tumor-specific delivery and minimize infection of off-target tissues. In the current study, we examine magnetic targeting as a strategy to improve OV infection of tumor cells in vitro. We found that magnetic targeting of magnetically-labeled VSV particles or VSV-infected cell carriers resulted in increased infection and killing of tumor cells. Furthermore, this enhanced infection of target tumor cells was observed even in the presence of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies. Overall, our findings suggest that magnetic targeting strategies can improve the infection of tumor cells and may be a viable strategy to improve the tumor-targeted delivery of oncolytic VSV-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Guy Roy
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - John Cameron Bell
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- CRCHUM, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Centre and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, 900 St-Denis street, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Roy DG, Aitken AS, El Sayes N, Martin NT, Varette O, Falls T, St-Germain LE, Pelin A, Lichty BD, Stojdl DF, Ungerechts G, Diallo JS, Bell JC. Neoadjuvant oncolytic virotherapy before surgery sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to immune checkpoint therapy. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/422/eaao1641. [PMID: 29298865 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease for which treatment options are limited and associated with severe toxicities. Immunotherapeutic approaches like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a potential strategy, but clinical trials have demonstrated limited success in this patient cohort. Clinical studies using ICIs have revealed that patients with preexisting anticancer immunity are the most responsive. Given that oncolytic viruses (OVs) induce antitumor immunity, we investigated their use as an ICI-sensitizing approach. Using a therapeutic model that mimics the course of treatment for women with newly diagnosed TNBC, we demonstrate that early OV treatment coupled with surgical resection provides long-term benefits. OV therapy sensitizes otherwise refractory TNBC to immune checkpoint blockade, preventing relapse in most of the treated animals. We suggest that OV therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade warrants testing as a neoadjuvant treatment option in the window of opportunity between TNBC diagnosis and surgical resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Dominic Guy Roy
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Amelia Sadie Aitken
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nader El Sayes
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nikolas Tim Martin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Oliver Varette
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Theresa Falls
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
| | | | - Adrian Pelin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Brian Dennis Lichty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - David Francis Stojdl
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John Cameron Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Twumasi-Boateng K, Pettigrew JL, Kwok YYE, Bell JC, Nelson BH. Oncolytic viruses as engineering platforms for combination immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:419-432. [PMID: 29695749 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To effectively build on the recent successes of immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive T cell therapy and cancer vaccines, it is critical to rationally design combination strategies that will increase and extend efficacy to a larger proportion of patients. For example, the combination of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) immune checkpoint inhibitors essentially doubles the response rate in certain patients with metastatic melanoma. However, given the heterogeneity of cancer, it seems likely that even more complex combinations of immunomodulatory agents may be required to obtain consistent, durable therapeutic responses against a broad spectrum of cancers. This carries serious implications in terms of toxicities for patients, feasibility for care providers and costs for health-care systems. A compelling solution is offered by oncolytic viruses (OVs), which can be engineered to selectively replicate within and destroy tumour tissue while simultaneously augmenting antitumour immunity. In this Opinion article, we argue that the future of immunotherapy will include OVs that function as multiplexed immune-modulating platforms expressing factors such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumour antigens, cytokines and T cell engagers. We illustrate this concept by following the trials and tribulations of tumour-reactive T cells from their initial priming through to the execution of cytotoxic effector function in the tumour bed. We highlight the myriad opportunities for OVs to help overcome critical barriers in the T cell journey, leading to new synergistic mechanisms in the battle against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Twumasi-Boateng
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica L Pettigrew
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Y Y Eunice Kwok
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bastin D, Aitken AS, Pelin A, Pikor LA, Crupi MJF, Huh MS, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC, Bell JC, Ilkow CS. Enhanced susceptibility of cancer cells to oncolytic rhabdo-virotherapy by expression of Nodamura virus protein B2 as a suppressor of RNA interference. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:62. [PMID: 29921327 PMCID: PMC6008949 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral responses are barriers that must be overcome for efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. In mammalian cells, antiviral responses involve the interferon pathway, a protein-signaling cascade that alerts the immune system and limits virus propagation. Tumour-specific defects in interferon signaling enhance viral infection and responses to oncolytic virotherapy, but many human cancers are still refractory to oncolytic viruses. Given that invertebrates, fungi and plants rely on RNA interference pathways for antiviral protection, we investigated the potential involvement of this alternative antiviral mechanism in cancer cells. Here, we detected viral genome-derived small RNAs, indicative of RNAi-mediated antiviral responses, in human cancer cells. As viruses may encode suppressors of the RNA interference pathways, we engineered an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus variant to encode the Nodamura virus protein B2, a known inhibitor of RNAi-mediated immune responses. B2-expressing oncolytic virus showed enhanced viral replication and cytotoxicity, impaired viral genome cleavage and altered microRNA processing in cancer cells. Our data establish the improved therapeutic potential of our novel virus which targets the RNAi-mediated antiviral defense of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Bastin
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada.,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Amelia S Aitken
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada.,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Adrian Pelin
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada.,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Larissa A Pikor
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada.,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Mathieu J F Crupi
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada.,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Michael S Huh
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada.,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada.,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| | - John C Bell
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada.,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- 0000 0000 9606 5108grid.412687.eCentre for Innovative Cancer ResearchOttawa Hospital Research Institute K1H 8L6 Ottawa Canada .,0000 0001 2182 2255grid.28046.38Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawa K1H 8M5 Ottawa Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A novel inducible lentiviral system for multi-gene expression with human HSP70 promoter and tetracycline-induced promoter. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3689-3702. [PMID: 28160047 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite lentiviral system's predominance, its ultimate potential for gene therapy has not been fully exploited. Currently, most lentivirus vectors are non-inducible expression system or single-gene-induced system, which limits the extensive application in gene therapy. In this study, we designed a novel lentiviral vector containing HSP70 promoter and TRE promoter. Compared to traditional lentiviral vectors and inducible vectors, our controllable system has many advantages. Firstly, it contains multiple gene or shRNA targets. Secondly, genes expression is on/off in response to heat shock and DOX induction in time of need respectively with high effectivity and sensitivity. Thirdly, TRE promoter and HSP70 promoter can work with no interference from each other in the same inducible lentiviral vector. In addition, our study also shows that our novel vector has a higher downstream gene expression efficiency than co-transfection method and can co-position multi-genes in single cell effectively. Finally, we propose four derived models based on our vector at the end, which may be useful in biological research and clinical research in the future. Therefore, we believe that this novel lentiviral system could be promising in gene therapy for tumor.
Collapse
|
7
|
Falls T, Roy DG, Bell JC, Bourgeois-Daigneault MC. Murine Tumor Models for Oncolytic Rhabdo-Virotherapy. ILAR J 2017; 57:73-85. [PMID: 27034397 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical optimization and validation of novel treatments for cancer therapy requires the use of laboratory animals. Although in vitro experiments using tumor cell lines and ex vivo treatment of patient tumor samples provide a remarkable first-line tool for the initial study of tumoricidal potential, tumor-bearing animals remain the primary option to study delivery, efficacy, and safety of therapies in the context of a complete tumor microenvironment and functional immune system. In this review, we will describe the use of murine tumor models for oncolytic virotherapy using vesicular stomatitis virus. We will discuss studies using immunocompetent and immunodeficient models with respect to toxicity and therapeutic treatments, as well as the various techniques and tools available to study cancer therapy with Rhabdoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Falls
- Theresa Falls is a research technician at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada. Dominic Guy Roy is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and a Ph.D candidate in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. John Cameron Bell is a senior researcher at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and professor in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault is a postdoctoral fellow at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and a postdoctoral fellow in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dominic Guy Roy
- Theresa Falls is a research technician at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada. Dominic Guy Roy is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and a Ph.D candidate in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. John Cameron Bell is a senior researcher at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and professor in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault is a postdoctoral fellow at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and a postdoctoral fellow in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Cameron Bell
- Theresa Falls is a research technician at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada. Dominic Guy Roy is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and a Ph.D candidate in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. John Cameron Bell is a senior researcher at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and professor in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault is a postdoctoral fellow at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and a postdoctoral fellow in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault
- Theresa Falls is a research technician at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada. Dominic Guy Roy is a Ph.D candidate at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and a Ph.D candidate in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. John Cameron Bell is a senior researcher at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and professor in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. Marie-Claude Bourgeois-Daigneault is a postdoctoral fellow at the Centre for Innovative Cancer Research at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and a postdoctoral fellow in the Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology Department at the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5010003. [PMID: 28536346 PMCID: PMC5423491 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have classically been used for disease prevention. Modern clinical vaccines are continuously being developed for both traditional use as well as for new applications. Typically thought of in terms of infectious disease control, vaccination approaches can alternatively be adapted as a cancer therapy. Vaccines targeting cancer antigens can be used to induce anti-tumour immunity and have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy both pre-clinically and clinically. Various approaches now exist and further establish the tremendous potential and adaptability of anti-cancer vaccination. Classical strategies include ex vivo-loaded immune cells, RNA- or DNA-based vaccines and tumour cell lysates. Recent oncolytic virus development has resulted in a surge of novel viruses engineered to induce powerful tumour-specific immune responses. In addition to their use as cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses have the added benefit of being directly cytolytic to cancer cells and thus promote antigen recognition within a highly immune-stimulating tumour microenvironment. While oncolytic viruses are perfectly equipped for efficient immunization, this complicates their use upon previous exposure. Indeed, the host's anti-viral counter-attacks often impair multiple-dosing regimens. In this review we will focus on the use of oncolytic viruses for anti-tumour vaccination. We will explore different strategies as well as ways to circumvent some of their limitations.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang VA, Renner TM, Varette O, Le Boeuf F, Wang J, Diallo JS, Bell JC, Langlois MA. Single-particle characterization of oncolytic vaccinia virus by flow virometry. Vaccine 2016; 34:5082-5089. [PMID: 27614781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VV) is an oncolytic virus that is currently being evaluated as a promising cancer vaccine in several phase I, II and III clinical trials. Although several quality control tests are performed on each new batch of virus, these do not routinely include a systematic characterization of virus particle homogeneity, or relate the infectious titer to the total number of submicron sized particles (SSPs) present in the sample. SSPs are comprised of infectious virus and non-infectious viral particles, but also cell contaminants derived from the virus isolation procedures, such as cellular vesicles and debris. Here we have employed flow virometry (FV) analysis and sorting to isolate and characterize distinct SSP populations in therapeutic oncolytic VV preparations. We show that VV preparations contain SSPs heterogeneous in size and include large numbers of non-infectious VV particles. Furthermore, we used FV to illustrate how VV has a propensity to aggregate over time and under various handling and storage procedures. Accordingly, we find that together the infectious titer, the total number of SSPs, the number of viral genomes and the level of particle aggregation in a sample constitute useful parameters that greatly facilitate inter-sample assessment of physical quality, and also provides a means to monitor sample deterioration over time. Additionally, we have successfully employed FV sorting to further isolate virus from other particles by identifying a lipophilic dye that preferentially stains VV over other SSPs in the sample. Overall, we demonstrate that FV is a fast and effective tool that can be used to perform quality, and consistency control assessments of oncolytic VV vaccine preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera A Tang
- University of Ottawa Flow Cytometry and Virometry Core Facility, Canada
| | - Tyler M Renner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Oliver Varette
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Fabrice Le Boeuf
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Jiahu Wang
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- University of Ottawa Flow Cytometry and Virometry Core Facility, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Combination of Paclitaxel and MG1 oncolytic virus as a successful strategy for breast cancer treatment. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:83. [PMID: 27503504 PMCID: PMC4977613 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease amongst Western women. The lack of treatment options for patients with chemotherapy-resistant or recurrent cancers is pushing the field toward the rapid development of novel therapies. The use of oncolytic viruses is a promising approach for the treatment of disseminated diseases like breast cancer, with the first candidate recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in patients. In this report, we demonstrate the compatibility of oncolytic virotherapy and chemotherapy using various murine breast cancer models. This one-two punch has been explored in the past by several groups with different viruses and drugs and was shown to be a successful approach. Our strategy is to combine Paclitaxel, one of the most common drugs used to treat patients with breast cancer, and the oncolytic Rhabdovirus Maraba-MG1, a clinical trial candidate in a study currently recruiting patients with late-stage metastatic cancer. Methods We used the EMT6, 4 T1 and E0771 murine breast cancer models to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the effects of co-treatment with MG1 and Paclitaxel. Treatment-induced cytotoxicity was assessed and plaque assays, flow cytometry, microscopy and immunocytochemistry analysis were performed to quantify virus production and transgene expression. Orthotopically implanted tumors were measured during and after treatment to evaluate efficacy and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated. Results Our data demonstrate not only the compatibility of the treatments, but also their synergistic cytopathic activity. With Paclitaxel, EMT6 and 4 T1 tumors demonstrated increased virus production both in vitro and in vivo. Our results also show that Paclitaxel does not impair the safety profile of the virus treatment. Importantly, when combined, MG1 and the drug controlled tumor growth and prolonged survival. Conclusions The combination of MG1 and Paclitaxel improved efficacy in all of the breast cancer models we tested and thus is a promising alternative approach for the treatment of patients with refractory breast cancer. Our strategy has potential for rapid translation to the clinic, given the current clinical status of both agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0744-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|