1
|
Yao X, Hu Y, Lin M, Peng K, Wang P, Gao Y, Gao X, Guo T, Zhang X, Zhou H. Self-assembling peptide RADA16: a promising scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [PMID: 37750388 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RADA16 is a peptide-based biomaterial whose acidic aqueous solution spontaneously forms an extracellular matrix-like 3D structure within seconds upon contact with physiological pH body fluids. Meanwhile, its good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, nontoxic degradation products and ease of modification make it an ideal scaffold for tissue engineering. RADA16 is a good delivery vehicle for cells, drugs and factors. Its shear thinning and thixotropic properties allow it to fill tissue voids by injection and not to swell. However, the weaker mechanical properties and poor hydrophilicity are troubling limitations of RADA16. To compensate for this limitation, various functional groups and polymers have been designed to modify RADA16, thus contributing to its scope and progress in the field of tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone & Joint Disease Research of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yicun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone & Joint Disease Research of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Maoqiang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone & Joint Disease Research of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Kaichen Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone & Joint Disease Research of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone & Joint Disease Research of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yanbing Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone & Joint Disease Research of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xidan Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Taowen Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone & Joint Disease Research of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone & Joint Disease Research of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Binaymotlagh R, Chronopoulou L, Palocci C. Peptide-Based Hydrogels: Template Materials for Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040233. [PMID: 37103323 PMCID: PMC10145623 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue and organ regeneration are challenging issues, yet they represent the frontier of current research in the biomedical field. Currently, a major problem is the lack of ideal scaffold materials' definition. As well known, peptide hydrogels have attracted increasing attention in recent years thanks to significant properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, good mechanical stability, and tissue-like elasticity. Such properties make them excellent candidates for 3D scaffold materials. In this review, the first aim is to describe the main features of a peptide hydrogel in order to be considered as a 3D scaffold, focusing in particular on mechanical properties, as well as on biodegradability and bioactivity. Then, some recent applications of peptide hydrogels in tissue engineering, including soft and hard tissues, will be discussed to analyze the most relevant research trends in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Binaymotlagh
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Chronopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo W, Ma Y, Hu L, Feng Y, Liu Y, Yi X, Zhang W, Tang F. Modification Strategies for Ionic Complementary Self-Assembling Peptides: Taking RADA16-I as an Example. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235221. [PMID: 36501615 PMCID: PMC9739689 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion-complementary self-assembling peptides have been studied in many fields for their distinct advantages, mainly due to their self-assembly properties. However, their shortcomings, such as insufficient specific activity and poor mechanical properties, also limited their application. For the better and wider application of these promising biomaterials, ion-complementary self-assembling peptides can be modified with their self-assembly properties not being destroyed to the greatest extent. The modification strategies were reviewed by taking RADA16-I as an example. For insufficient specific activity, RADA16-I can be structurally modified with active motifs derived from the active domain of the extracellular matrix or other related active factors. For weak mechanical properties, materials with strong mechanical properties or that can undergo chemical crosslinking were used to mix with RADA16-I to enhance the mechanical properties of RADA16-I. To improve the performance of RADA16-I as drug carriers, appropriate adjustment of the RADA16-I sequence and/or modification of the RADA16-I-related delivery system with polymer materials or specific molecules can be considered to achieve sustained and controlled release of specific drugs or active factors. The modification strategies reviewed in this paper may provide some references for further basic research and clinical application of ion-complementary self-assembling peptides and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zuni City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yinping Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zuni City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zuni City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zuni City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yanmiao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zuni City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xuedong Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wenzhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Fushan Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- The Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Zuni City, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-851-28642337
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan Y, Luo Y, Hong J, He H, Dai L, Zhu H, Wu J. Advances for the treatment of lower extremity arterial disease associated with diabetes mellitus. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:929718. [PMID: 36060247 PMCID: PMC9429832 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.929718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a major vascular complication of diabetes. Vascular endothelial cells dysfunction can exacerbate local ischemia, leading to a significant increase in amputation, disability, and even mortality in patients with diabetes combined with LEAD. Therefore, it is of great clinical importance to explore proper and effective treatments. Conventional treatments of diabetic LEAD include lifestyle management, medication, open surgery, endovascular treatment, and amputation. As interdisciplinary research emerges, regenerative medicine strategies have provided new insights to treat chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI). Therapeutic angiogenesis strategies, such as delivering growth factors, stem cells, drugs to ischemic tissues, have also been proposed to treat LEAD by fundamentally stimulating multidimensional vascular regeneration. Recent years have seen the rapid growth of tissue engineering technology; tissue-engineered biomaterials have been used to study the treatment of LEAD, such as encapsulation of growth factors and drugs in hydrogel to facilitate the restoration of blood perfusion in ischemic tissues of animals. The primary purpose of this review is to introduce treatments and novel biomaterials development in LEAD. Firstly, the pathogenesis of LEAD is briefly described. Secondly, conventional therapies and therapeutic angiogenesis strategies of LEAD are discussed. Finally, recent research advances and future perspectives on biomaterials in LEAD are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huacheng He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huacheng He, ; Hong Zhu,
| | - Lu Dai
- The Fourth Outpatient Department, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huacheng He, ; Hong Zhu,
| | - Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xing Z, Zhao C, Wu S, Zhang C, Liu H, Fan Y. Hydrogel-based therapeutic angiogenesis: An alternative treatment strategy for critical limb ischemia. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120872. [PMID: 33991951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe clinical manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), resulting in the total or partial loss of limb function. Although the conventional treatment strategy of CLI (e.g., medical treatment and surgery) can improve blood perfusion and restore limb function, many patients are unsuitable for these strategies and they still face the threats of amputation or death. Therapeutic angiogenesis, as a potential solution for these problems, attempts to manipulate blood vessel growth in vivo for augment perfusion without the help of extra pharmaceutics and surgery. With the rise of interdisciplinary research, regenerative medicine strategies provide new possibilities for treating many clinical diseases. Hydrogel, as an excellent biocompatibility material, is an ideal candidate for delivering bioactive molecules and cells for therapeutic angiogenesis. Besides, hydrogel could precisely deliver, control release, and keep the bioactivity of cargos, making hydrogel-based therapeutic angiogenesis a new strategy for CLI therapy. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the approaches of hydrogel-based strategy for CLI treatment as well as their challenges, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xing
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Siwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Chunchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of China, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lyu Y, Azevedo HS. Supramolecular Hydrogels for Protein Delivery in Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2021; 26:873. [PMID: 33562215 PMCID: PMC7914635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins, such as growth factors (GFs), have been used in tissue engineering (TE) approaches for their ability to provide signals to cells and orchestrate the formation of functional tissue. However, to be effective and minimize off-target effects, GFs should be delivered at the target site with temporal control. In addition, protein drugs are typically sensitive water soluble macromolecules with delicate structure. As such, hydrogels, containing large amounts of water, provide a compatible environment for the direct incorporation of proteins within the hydrogel network, while their release rate can be tuned by engineering the network chemistry and density. Being formed by transient crosslinks, afforded by non-covalent interactions, supramolecular hydrogels offer important advantages for protein delivery applications. This review describes various types of supramolecular hydrogels using a repertoire of diverse building blocks, their use for protein delivery and their further application in TE contexts. By reviewing the recent literature on this topic, the merits of supramolecular hydrogels are highlighted as well as their limitations, with high expectations for new advances they will provide for TE in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding X, Zhao H, Li Y, Lee AL, Li Z, Fu M, Li C, Yang YY, Yuan P. Synthetic peptide hydrogels as 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:78-104. [PMID: 33091503 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration of tissues and organs poses an immense challenge due to the extreme complexity in the research work involved. Despite the tissue engineering approach being considered as a promising strategy for more than two decades, a key issue impeding its progress is the lack of ideal scaffold materials. Nature-inspired synthetic peptide hydrogels are inherently biocompatible, and its high resemblance to extracellular matrix makes peptide hydrogels suitable 3D scaffold materials. This review covers the important aspects of peptide hydrogels as 3D scaffolds, including mechanical properties, biodegradability and bioactivity, and the current approaches in creating matrices with optimized features. Many of these scaffolds contain peptide sequences that are widely reported for tissue repair and regeneration and these peptide sequences will also be discussed. Furthermore, 3D biofabrication strategies of synthetic peptide hydrogels and the recent advances of peptide hydrogels in tissue engineering will also be described to reflect the current trend in the field. In the final section, we will present the future outlook in the design and development of peptide-based hydrogels for translational tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ashlynn Lingzhi Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Zongshao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mengjing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chengnan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peng F, Zhang W, Qiu F. Self-assembling Peptides in Current Nanomedicine: Versatile Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4855-4881. [PMID: 31309877 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712154021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of modern nanomedicine greatly depends on the involvement of novel materials as drug delivery system. In order to maximize the therapeutic effects of drugs and minimize their side effects, a number of natural or synthetic materials have been widely investigated for drug delivery. Among these materials, biomimetic self-assembling peptides (SAPs) have received more attention in recent years. Considering the rapidly growing number of SAPs designed for drug delivery, a summary of how SAPs-based drug delivery systems were designed, would be beneficial. METHOD We outlined research works on different SAPs that have been investigated as carriers for different drugs, focusing on the design of SAPs nanomaterials and how they were used for drug delivery in different strategies. RESULTS Based on the principle rules of chemical complementarity and structural compatibility, SAPs such as ionic self-complementary peptide, peptide amphiphile and surfactant-like peptide could be designed. Determined by the features of peptide materials and the drugs to be delivered, different strategies such as hydrogel embedding, hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, covalent conjugation or the combination of them could be employed to fabricate SAPs-drug complex, which could achieve slow release, targeted or environment-responsive delivery of drugs. Furthermore, some SAPs could also be combined with other types of materials for drug delivery, or even act as drug by themselves. CONCLUSION Various types of SAPs have been designed and used for drug delivery following various strategies, suggesting that SAPs as a category of versatile nanomaterials have promising potential in the field of nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Treatment strategies in clinics have been shifting from small molecules to protein drugs due to the promising results of a highly specific mechanism of action and reduced toxicity. Despite their prominent roles in disease treatment, delivery of the protein therapeutics is challenging due to chemical instability, immunogenicity and biological barriers. Peptide hydrogels with spatiotemporally tunable properties have shown an outstanding potential to deliver complex protein therapeutics, maintain drug efficacy and stability over time, mimicking the extracellular matrix, and responding to external stimuli. In this review, we present recent advances in peptide hydrogel design strategies, protein release kinetics and mechanisms for protein drug delivery in cellular engineering, tissue engineering, immunotherapy and disease treatments.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shahi M, Mohammadnejad D, Karimipour M, Rasta SH, Rahbarghazi R, Abedelahi A. Hyaluronic Acid and Regenerative Medicine: New Insights into the Stroke Therapy. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:675-691. [PMID: 32213158 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200326095837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is known as one of the very important public health problems that are related to societal burden and tremendous economic losses. It has been shown that there are few therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this disease. In this regard, the present therapeutic platforms aim to obtain neuroprotection, reperfusion, and neuro recovery. Among these therapies, regenerative medicine-based therapies have appeared as new ways of stroke therapy. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a new candidate, which could be applied as a regenerative medicine-based therapy in the treatment of stroke. HA is a glycosaminoglycan composed of disaccharide repeating elements (N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid). Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that HA has critical roles in normal tissues. It can be a key player in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions such as water homeostasis, multiple drug resistance, inflammatory processes, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and changed viscoelasticity of the extracellular matrix. HA has very important physicochemical properties i.e., availability of reactive functional groups and its solubility, which make it a biocompatible material for application in regenerative medicine. Given that HAbased bioscaffolds and biomaterials do not induce inflammation or allergies and are hydrophilic, they are used as soft tissue fillers and injectable dermal fillers. Several studies indicated that HA could be employed as a new therapeutic candidate in the treatment of stroke. These studies documented that HA and HA-based therapies exert their pharmacological effects via affecting stroke-related processes. Herein, we summarized the role of the extracellular matrix in stroke pathogenesis. Moreover, we highlighted the HA-based therapies for the treatment of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daruosh Mohammadnejad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Abedelahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Li B, Pu X, Wang X, Cooper RC, Gui Q, Yang H. Injectable Multicomponent Biomimetic Gel Composed of Inter-Crosslinked Dendrimeric and Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Exhibits Highly Tunable Elasticity and Dual Drug Release Capacity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10202-10210. [PMID: 32023033 PMCID: PMC10983814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need for cartilage defect grafts that are structurally adaptable to possess multifaceted functions to promote bone regeneration, sustain medication efficacy, and preferably remain injectable but solidify quickly upon injection. In this work, we developed an injectable multicomponent biomimetic gel (MBG) by integrating polyamidoamine dendrimer G3 (G3), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), and dendrimer-templated silver nanoparticles (G3-Ag) into a well-defined cross-linked network. MBGs composed of one particulate component (G3 alone), i.e., MBG-1, two particulate components (G3 and MSN-NH2), i.e., MBG-2, and three particulate components (G3, MSN-NH2, and G3-Ag), i.e., MBG-3, were prepared by inter-cross-linking dendrimeric and mesoporous silica nanoparticles with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEG-DGE, Mn = 2000 g/mol) via the facile amine-epoxy click reaction. The water-soluble antibiotic isoniazid was loaded to the cross-linked PEG network, whereas the hydrophobic antibiotic rifampicin was encapsulated into mesoporous MSNs. Our studies revealed that elasticity and mechanical strengths could be modulated and enhanced significantly with the inclusion of MSNs and silver nanoparticles. Isoniazid was released rapidly while rifampicin was released over an extended period of time. In addition, MBGs showed injectability, high swelling capacity, structural stability, and cytocompatibility. Taken together, MBGs have shown structural features that allow for the development of injectable gel grafts with the ability to promote cartilage defect repair and offer antibiotic medication benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Boxuan Li
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ximing Pu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xingming Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Remy C Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Qin Gui
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Self-assembling in situ gel based on lyotropic liquid crystals containing VEGF for tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:84-99. [PMID: 31521813 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current tissue-regenerative biomaterials confront two critical issues: the uncontrollable delivery capacity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for adequate vascularization and the poor mechanical properties of the system for tissue regeneration. To overcome these two issues, a self-assembling in situ gel based on lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) was developed. VEGF-LLC was administrated as a precursor solution that would self-assemble into an in situ gel with well-defined internal inverse bicontinuous cubic phases when exposed to physiological fluid at a defect site. The inverse cubic phase with a 3D bicontinuous water channel enabled a 7-day sustained release of VEGF. The release profile of VEGF-LLC was controlled using octyl glucoside (OG) as a hydration-modulating agent, which could enlarge the water channel, yielding a 2-fold increase in water channel size and a 7-fold increase in VEGF release. For the mechanical properties, the elastic modulus was found to decrease from ∼100 kPa to ∼1.2 kPa, which might be more favorable for angiogenesis. Furthermore, the self-recovery ability of the VEGF-LLC gel was confirmed by quick recovery of the inner network in step-strain measurements. In vitro, VEGF-LLC considerably promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as compared to free VEGF (p < 0.05). Furthermore, angiogenesis was successfully induced in rats after subcutaneous injection of VEGF-LLC. The self-assembling LLC gel showed satisfactory degradability and mild inflammatory response with little impact on the surrounding tissue. The controllable release profile and unique mechanical properties of VEGF-LLC offer a new approach for tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The potential clinical use of currently available biomaterials in tissue regeneration is limited by their uncontrollable drug delivery capacity and poor mechanical properties. Herein, a self-assembling in situ gel based on lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) for induced angiogenesis was developed. The results showed that the addition of octyl glucoside (OG) could change the water channel size of LLC, which enabled the LLC system to release VEGF in a sustained manner and to possess a suitable modulus to favor angiogenesis simultaneously. Moreover, the self-recovery capability allowed the gel to match the deformation of surrounding tissues during body motion to maintain its properties and reduce discomfort. In vivo, angiogenesis was induced by VEGF-LLC 14 days after administering subcutaneous injection. These results highlight the potential of LLC as a promising sustained protein drug delivery system for vascular formation and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaiser A, Kale A, Novozhilova E, Olivius P. The Effects of Matrigel® on the Survival and Differentiation of a Human Neural Progenitor Dissociated Sphere Culture. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:441-450. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kaiser
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
| | - Ajay Kale
- Department for Surgical Sciences, ENT‐UnitAkademiska Hospital Uppsala Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Sormland Eskilstuna Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Novozhilova
- Department for Surgical Sciences, ENT‐UnitAkademiska Hospital Uppsala Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Sormland Eskilstuna Sweden
| | - Petri Olivius
- Department for Surgical Sciences, ENT‐UnitAkademiska Hospital Uppsala Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Sormland Eskilstuna Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang R, Wang Z, Guo Y, Li H, Chen Z. Design of a RADA16-based self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:713-736. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1605868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wang
- Lab of Tissue Engineering Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyue Wang
- Lab of Tissue Engineering Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yayuan Guo
- Lab of Tissue Engineering Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Li
- Lab of Tissue Engineering Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- Lab of Tissue Engineering Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang G, Huang T, Wang Y, Wang H, Li Y, Yu K, Dong L. Sustained Release of Antimicrobial Peptide from Self-Assembling Hydrogel Enhanced Osteogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:1812-1824. [PMID: 30035666 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1504191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials have been widely used in bone infection and osteomyelitis resulting from their versatile functionalities. As far as we know, the appearance of osteomyelitis was mainly caused by bacteria. Therefore, a biomaterial that can cure bone infection and promote osteogenesis may become an ideal candidate for the treatment of osteomyelitis. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proved to have an excellent ability to kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. However, the application of AMPs in bone infection and osteomyelitis is quite limited. Here, we designed a new hydrogel that has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of S. aureus and enhances osteogenesis. RADA16 self-assembling peptide has been applied for AMPs delivery. In this study, we demonstrated that RADA16 could form a stable structure and afford the sustained release of AMPs. The interwoven nanofiber morphology was detected by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The sustained release study revealed that the release of AMPs could be obtained until 28 days. In vitro research showed this new self-assembling hydrogel could promote the proliferation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and inhibited the growth of S. aureus. More importantly, the results in vivo also proved that RADA16-AMP self-assembling peptide had an excellent effect on bone formation. Our findings implied that we successfully combined RADA16 and AMPs together and laid the foundation for the application of this new hydrogel and open new avenues for biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Yang
- a Department of Implantology , Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Tingben Huang
- a Department of Implantology , Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- c Department of Oral Medicine , Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Huiming Wang
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yongzheng Li
- a Department of Implantology , Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ke Yu
- a Department of Implantology , Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Lingling Dong
- c Department of Oral Medicine , Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Y, Hua Y, Zhang W, Tang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Qiu F. Amyloid-like staining property of RADA16-I nanofibers and its potential application in detecting and imaging the nanomaterial. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2477-2489. [PMID: 29719395 PMCID: PMC5922240 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Designer self-assembling peptide nanofibers (SAPNFs) as a novel kind of emerging nanomaterial have received more and more attention in the field of nanomedicine in recent years. However, a simple method to monitor and image SAPNFs is still currently absent. Methods RADA16-I, a well-studied ionic complementary peptide was used as a model to check potential amyloid-like staining properties of SAPNFs. Thioflavin-T (ThT) and Congo red (CR) as specific dyes for amyloid-like fibrils were used to stain RADA16-I nanofibers in solution, combined with drugs or cells, or injected in vivo as hydrogels. Fluorescent spectrometry and fluorescent microscopy were used to check ThT-binding property, and polarized light microscopy was used to check CR-staining property. Results ThT binding with the nanofibers showed enhanced and blue-shifted fluorescence, and specific apple-green birefringence could be observed after the nanofibers were stained with CR. Based on these properties we further showed that ThT-binding fluorescence intensity could be used to monitor the forming and changing of nanofibers in solution, while fluorescent microscopy and polarized light microscopy could be used to image the nanofibers as material for drug delivery, 3D cell culture, and tissue regeneration. Conclusion Our results may provide convenient and reliable tools for detecting SAPNFs, which would be helpful for understanding their self-assembling process and exploring their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhu Chen
- Periodical Press of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusi Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengkang Tang
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Browne S, Jha AK, Ameri K, Marcus SG, Yeghiazarians Y, Healy KE. TGF-β1/CD105 signaling controls vascular network formation within growth factor sequestering hyaluronic acid hydrogels. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194679. [PMID: 29566045 PMCID: PMC5864059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based strategies for the treatment of ischemic diseases are at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Cell therapies purportedly can play a key role in the neovascularization of ischemic tissue; however, low survival and poor cell engraftment with the host vasculature following implantation limits their potential to treat ischemic diseases. To overcome these limitations, we previously developed a growth factor sequestering hyaluronic acid (HyA)-based hydrogel that enhanced transplanted mouse cardiosphere-derived cell survival and formation of vasculature that anastomosed with host vessels. In this work, we examined the mechanism by which HyA hydrogels presenting transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) promoted proliferation of more clinically relevant human cardiosphere-derived cells (hCDC), and their formation of vascular-like networks in vitro. We observed hCDC proliferation and enhanced formation of vascular-like networks occurred in the presence of TGF-β1. Furthermore, production of nitric oxide (NO), VEGF, and a host of angiogenic factors were increased in the presence of TGF-β1. This response was dependent on the co-activity of CD105 (Endoglin) with the TGF-βR2 receptor, demonstrating its role in the process of angiogenic differentiation and vascular organization of hCDC. These results demonstrated that hCDC form vascular-like networks in vitro, and that the induction of vascular networks by hCDC within growth factor sequestering HyA hydrogels was mediated by TGF-β1/CD105 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane Browne
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Amit K. Jha
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Kurosh Ameri
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sivan G. Marcus
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Yerem Yeghiazarians
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin E. Healy
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li R, Liang J, He Y, Qin J, He H, Lee S, Pang Z, Wang J. Sustained Release of Immunosuppressant by Nanoparticle-anchoring Hydrogel Scaffold Improved the Survival of Transplanted Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration. Theranostics 2018; 8:878-893. [PMID: 29463988 PMCID: PMC5817099 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of scaffold-based stem cell transplantation remains unsatisfied due to the poor survival of transplanted cells. One of the major hurdles associated with the stem cell survival is the immune rejection, which can be effectively reduced by the use of immunosuppressant. However, ideal localized and sustained release of immunosuppressant is difficult to be realized, because it is arduous to hold the drug delivery system within scaffold for a long period of time. In the present study, the sustained release of immunosuppressant for the purpose of improving the survival of stem cells was successfully realized by a nanoparticle-anchoring hydrogel scaffold we developed. Methods: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were modified with RADA16 (RNPs), a self-assembling peptide, and then anchored to a RADA16 hydrogel (RNPs + Gel). The immobilization of RNPs in hydrogel was measured in vitro and in vivo, including the Brownian motion and cumulative leakage of RNPs and the in vivo retention of injected RNPs with hydrogel. Tacrolimus, as a typical immunosuppressant, was encapsulated in RNPs (T-RNPs) that were anchored to the hydrogel and its release behavior were studied. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), as model stem cells, were cultured in the T-RNPs-anchoring hydrogel to test the immune-suppressing effect. The cytotoxicity of the scaffold against EPCs was also measured compared with free tacrolimus-loaded hydrogel. The therapeutic efficacy of the scaffold laden with EPCs on the hind limb ischemia was further evaluated in mice. Results: The Brownian motion and cumulative leakage of RNPs were significantly decreased compared with the un-modified nanoparticles (NPs). The in vivo retention of injected RNPs with hydrogel was obviously longer than that of NPs with hydrogel. The release of tacrolimus from T-RNPs + Gel could be sustained for 28 days. Compared with free tacrolimus-loaded hydrogel, the immune responses were significantly reduced and the survival of EPCs was greatly improved both in vitro and in vivo. The results of histological evaluation, including accumulation of immune cells and deposition of anti-graft antibodies, further revealed significantly lessened immune rejection in T-RNPs-anchoring hydrogel group compared with other groups. In pharmacodynamics study, the scaffold laden with EPCs was applied to treat hind limb ischemia in mice and significantly promoted the blood perfusion (~91 % versus ~36 % in control group). Conclusion: The nanoparticle-anchoring hydrogel scaffold is promising for localized immunosuppressant release, thereby can enhance the survival of transplanted cells and finally lead to successful tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|