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Chow Z, Johnson J, Chauhan A, Jeong JC, Castle JT, Izumi T, Weiss H, Townsend CM, Schrader J, Anthony L, Yang ES, Evers BM, Rychahou P. Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 enhances the radiosensitivity of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Cancer Lett 2024; 596:216993. [PMID: 38801884 PMCID: PMC11299177 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), which are essential substrates for DNA repair after radiation damage. We explored the radiosensitization property of RNR and investigated a selective RRM2 inhibitor, 3-AP, as a radiosensitizer in the treatment of metastatic pNETs. We investigated the role of RNR subunit, RRM2, in pancreatic neuroendocrine (pNET) cells and responses to radiation in vitro. We also evaluated the selective RRM2 subunit inhibitor, 3-AP, as a radiosensitizer to treat pNET metastases in vivo. Knockdown of RNR subunits demonstrated that RRM1 and RRM2 subunits, but not p53R3, play significant roles in cell proliferation. RRM2 inhibition activated DDR pathways through phosphorylation of ATM and DNA-PK protein kinases but not ATR. RRM2 inhibition also induced Chk1 and Chk2 phosphorylation, resulting in G1/S phase cell cycle arrest. RRM2 inhibition sensitized pNET cells to radiotherapy and induced apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, we utilized pNET subcutaneous and lung metastasis models to examine the rationale for RNR-targeted therapy and 3-AP as a radiosensitizer in treating pNETs. Combination treatment significantly increased apoptosis of BON (human pNET) xenografts and significantly reduced the burden of lung metastases. Together, our results demonstrate that selective RRM2 inhibition induced radiosensitivity of metastatic pNETs both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, treatment with the selective RRM2 inhibitor, 3-AP, is a promising radiosensitizer in the therapeutic armamentarium for metastatic pNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeta Chow
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Aman Chauhan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jennifer T Castle
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Heidi Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Courtney M Townsend
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jörg Schrader
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lowell Anthony
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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2
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Drury J, Geisen ME, Tessmann JW, Rychahou PG, Kelson CO, He D, Wang C, Evers BM, Zaytseva YY. Overexpression of Fatty Acid Synthase Upregulates Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase 1 and O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase to Increase O-GlcNAc Protein Glycosylation and Promote Colorectal Cancer Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4883. [PMID: 38732103 PMCID: PMC11084459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthesis has been extensively investigated as a therapeutic target in cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme of de novo lipid synthesis, is significantly upregulated in CRC, and therapeutic approaches of targeting this enzyme are currently being tested in multiple clinical trials. However, the mechanisms behind the pro-oncogenic action of FASN are still not completely understood. Here, for the first time, we show that overexpression of FASN increases the expression of glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1) and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), enzymes involved in hexosamine metabolism, and the level of O-GlcNAcylation in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, expression of FASN significantly correlates with expression of GFPT1 and OGT in human CRC tissues. shRNA-mediated downregulation of GFPT1 and OGT inhibits cellular proliferation and the level of protein O-GlcNAcylation in vitro, and knockdown of GFPT1 leads to a significant decrease in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of GFPT1 and OGT leads to significant inhibition of cellular proliferation and colony formation in CRC cells. In summary, our results show that overexpression of FASN increases the expression of GFPT1 and OGT as well as the level of protein O-GlcNAcylation to promote progression of CRC; targeting the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway could be a therapeutic approach for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Drury
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (M.E.G.); (J.W.T.); (C.O.K.)
| | - Mariah E. Geisen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (M.E.G.); (J.W.T.); (C.O.K.)
| | - Josiane Weber Tessmann
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (M.E.G.); (J.W.T.); (C.O.K.)
| | - Piotr G. Rychahou
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (P.G.R.); (B.M.E.)
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Courtney O. Kelson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (M.E.G.); (J.W.T.); (C.O.K.)
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.H.); (C.W.)
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (P.G.R.); (B.M.E.)
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (M.E.G.); (J.W.T.); (C.O.K.)
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Li X, Jin K, Cheng TC, Liao YC, Lee WJ, Bhullar AS, Chen LC, Rychahou P, Phelps MA, Ho YS, Guo P. RNA four-way junction (4WJ) for spontaneous cancer-targeting, effective tumor-regression, metastasis suppression, fast renal excretion and undetectable toxicity. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122432. [PMID: 38176263 PMCID: PMC10994150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The field of RNA therapeutics has been emerging as the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development. RNA nanoparticles have displayed motile and deformable properties to allow for high tumor accumulation with undetectable healthy organ accumulation. Therefore, RNA nanoparticles have the potential to serve as potent drug delivery vehicles with strong anti-cancer responses. Herein, we report the physicochemical basis for the rational design of a branched RNA four-way junction (4WJ) nanoparticle that results in advantageous high-thermostability and -drug payload for cancer therapy, including metastatic tumors in the lung. The 4WJ nanostructure displayed versatility through functionalization with an anti-cancer chemical drug, SN38, for the treatment of two different cancer models including colorectal cancer xenograft and orthotopic lung metastases of colon cancer. The resulting 4WJ RNA drug complex spontaneously targeted cancers effectively for cancer inhibition with and without ligands. The 4WJ displayed fast renal excretion, rapid body clearance, and little organ accumulation with undetectable toxicity and immunogenicity. The safety parameters were documented by organ histology, blood biochemistry, and pathological analysis. The highly efficient cancer inhibition, undetectable drug toxicity, and favorable Chemical, Manufacturing, and Control (CMC) production of RNA nanoparticles document a candidate with high potential for translation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kai Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tzu-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Abhjeet S Bhullar
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuan Soon Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Agbana P, Park JE, Rychahou P, Kim KB, Bae Y. Carfilzomib-Loaded Ternary Polypeptide Nanoparticles Stabilized by Polycationic Complexation. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:711-717. [PMID: 37673172 PMCID: PMC10979393 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor showing great efficacy in multiple myeloma treatment, yet its clinical applications for other diseases such as solid cancers are limited due to low aqueous solubility and poor biostability. Ternary polypeptide nanoparticles (tPNPs) are drug carriers that we previously reported to overcome these pharmaceutical limitations by entrapping CFZ in the core of the nanoparticles and protecting the drugs from degradation in biological media. However, preclinical studies revealed that tPNPs would require further improvement in particle stability to suppress initial burst drug release and thus achieve prolonged inhibition of proteasome activity with CFZ against tumor cells in vivo. In this study, CFZ-loaded tPNPs are stabilized by polycations which have varying pKa values and thus differently modulate nanoparticle stability in response to solution pH. Through polyion complexation, the polycations appeared to stabilize the core of tPNPs entrapping CFZ-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes while allowing for uniform particle size before and after freeze drying. Interestingly, CFZ-loaded tPNPs (CFZ/tPNPs) showed pH-dependent drug release kinetics, which accelerated CFZ release as solution acidity increased (pH < 6) without compromising particle stability at the physiological condition (pH 7.4). In vitro cytotoxicity and proteasome activity assays confirmed that tPNPs stabilized with cationic polymers improved bioactivity of CFZ against CFZ-resistant cancer cells, which would be greatly beneficial in combination with pH-dependent drug release for treatment of solid cancers with drug resistance and tumor microenvironment acidosis by using CFZ and other proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preye Agbana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Younsoo Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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5
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Yan S, Yuan M, Yang X, Huang X, Wu D, Wang N, Sun X, Qin Y, Fei Y, Zhao Z, Wang Q. Lncrna CASC15 Activated By TCF12 Promote Colorectal Cancer Progression via EMT. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1222-1230. [PMID: 37680149 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230901120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. LncRNA CASC15 has also been found to play a vital role in malignant tumors. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to explore the role of CASC15 in colorectal cancer and its regulation of EMT and to clarify the reasons for its up-regulated expression in CRC. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of CASC15 in CRC. The biology function of CASC15 on CRC was assessed by in vitro experiments, including CCK8, colony formation, transwell assays and flow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the regulation between TCF12 and CASC15. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the biomarkers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS We found that CASC15 was remarkably upregulated in CRC and positively correlated with poorer relapse-free survival. CASC15 knockdown significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of CRC. Furthermore, CASC15 downregulation mediated apoptosis of CRC. Mechanistically, TCF12 activates CASC15 transcription to mediate its up-regulation, which activates EMT and promotes CRC progression. CONCLUSION Our study identified TCF12/CASC15/EMT as a new regulatory signal axis of CRC. CASC15 may be a new molecular marker and target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yan
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Xichen Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Xianting Huang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Nanyao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Ya Qin
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Yanhua Fei
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, No. 163 Shoushan Rd, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, China
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Wang Y, Chen S, Wang C, Guo F. Nanocarrier-based targeting of metabolic pathways for endometrial cancer: Status and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115348. [PMID: 37639743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second-most lethal global disease, as per health reports, and is responsible for around 70% of deaths in low- and middle-income countries. Endometrial cancer is one of the emerging malignancies and has been predicted as a public health challenge for the future. Insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are the key metabolic factors that promote risks for the development of endometrial cancer. Various signaling pathways and associated genes are involved in the genesis of endometrial cancer, and any mutation or deletion in such related factors leads to the induction of endometrial cancer. The conventional way of drug delivery has been used for ages but is associated with poor management of cancer due to non-targeting of the endometrial cancer cells, low efficacy of the therapy, and toxicity issues as well. In this context, nanocarrier-based therapy for the management of endometrial cancer is an effective alternate choice that overcomes the problems associated with conventional therapy. In this review article, we highlighted the nanocarrier-based targeting of endometrial cancer, with a special focus on targeting various metabolic signaling pathways. Furthermore, the future perspectives of nanocarrier-based targeting of metabolic pathways in endometrial cancer were also underpinned. It is concluded that targeting metabolic signaling pathways in endometrial cancer via nanocarrier scaffolds is the future of pharmaceutical design for the significant management and treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Siyao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Medical Affairs Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Fengjun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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Hegde M, Naliyadhara N, Unnikrishnan J, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer metastases: Current and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2023; 556:216066. [PMID: 36649823 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for greater than 90% of cancer-related deaths. Despite recent advancements in conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and their rational combinations, metastatic cancers remain essentially untreatable. The distinct obstacles to treat metastases include their small size, high multiplicity, redundancy, therapeutic resistance, and dissemination to multiple organs. Recent advancements in nanotechnology provide the numerous applications in the diagnosis and prophylaxis of metastatic diseases, including the small particle size to penetrate cell membrane and blood vessels and their capacity to transport complex molecular 'cargo' particles to various metastatic regions such as bones, brain, liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. Indeed, nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated a significant ability to target specific cells within these organs. In this regard, the purpose of this review is to summarize the present state of nanotechnology in terms of its application in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic cancer. We intensively reviewed applications of NPs in fluorescent imaging, PET scanning, MRI, and photoacoustic imaging to detect metastasis in various cancer models. The use of targeted NPs for cancer ablation in conjunction with chemotherapy, photothermal treatment, immuno therapy, and combination therapy is thoroughly discussed. The current review also highlights the research opportunities and challenges of leveraging engineering technologies with cancer cell biology and pharmacology to fabricate nanoscience-based tools for treating metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jyothsna Unnikrishnan
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Computers and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, 35712, Egypt
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Gupta A, Dhiman A, Sood A, Bharadwaj R, Silverman N, Agrawal G. Dextran/eudragit S-100 based redox sensitive nanoparticles for colorectal cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3273-3283. [PMID: 36723053 PMCID: PMC10061532 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present disulfide crosslinked dextran/eudragit S-100 nanoparticles (DEEU NPs) (≈55 nm) for colorectal cancer treatment. These redox environment sensitive DEEU NPs are synthesized by simple oxidation of thiolated polymers in air. This approach allows avoiding the use of any additional chemical crosslinker. These DEEU NPs have high encapsulation efficiency for the doxorubicin (DOX) model drug (≈95%). The prepared DEEU NPs are redox sensitive owing to disulfide units and exhibit ≈80% DOX release in the reducing environment of GSH. Additionally, DOX-DEEU NPs display enhanced cytotoxicity for HCT116 cancer cells as compared to free DOX. Annexin V staining results also support the higher anticancer efficiency of DOX-DEEU NPs via induction of apoptosis. In vivo biodistribution results demonstrate that DEEU NPs can remain in the colon region for up to 24 hours. These results indicate that DEEU NPs can act as a promising platform for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, H.P.-175075, India.
| | - Ankita Dhiman
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, H.P.-175075, India.
| | - Ankur Sood
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, H.P.-175075, India.
| | - Ravi Bharadwaj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neal Silverman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Garima Agrawal
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, H.P.-175075, India.
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Lactone Stabilized by Crosslinked Cyclodextrin Metal-Organic Frameworks to Improve Local Bioavailability of Topotecan in Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010142. [PMID: 36678769 PMCID: PMC9865350 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protection of unstable anticancer molecules and their delivery to lesions are challenging issues in cancer treatment. Topotecan (TPT), a classic cytotoxic drug, is widely used for treating refractory lung cancer. However, the therapeutic effects of TPT are jeopardized by its active lactone form that is intrinsically hydrolyzed in physiological fluids, resulting in low bioavailability. Herein, the TPT-loaded crosslinked cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (TPT@CL-MOF) was engineered to improve the local bioavailability of TPT for the treatment of lung cancer. CL-MOF exhibited the efficient loading (12.3 wt%) of TPT with sustained release characteristics. In particular the formulation offered excellent protection in vitro against hydrolysis and increased the half-life of TPT from approximately 0.93 h to 22.05 h, which can be attributed to the host-guest interaction between cyclodextrin and TPT, as confirmed by molecular docking. The TPT@CL-MOF could effectively kill the cancer cells and inhibit the migration and invasion of B16F10 cells in vitro. Moreover, TPT@CL-MOF was efficiently distributed in the lungs after intravenous administration. In an in vivo study using a B16F10 pulmonary metastatic tumor model, TPT@CL-MOF significantly reduced the number and size of metastatic lung nodules at a reduced low dose by five times, and no noticeable side effects were observed. Therefore, this study provides a possible alternative therapy for the treatment of lung cancer with the camptothecin family drugs or other unstable therapeutically significant molecules.
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Tasleem, Shanthi N, Mahato AK, Bahuguna R. Oral delivery of butoconazole nitrate nanoparticles for systemic treatment of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis: A future aspect. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wei R, Zhou Y, Li C, Rychahou P, Zhang S, Titlow WB, Bauman G, Wu Y, Liu J, Wang C, Weiss HL, Evers BM, Wang Q. Ketogenesis Attenuates KLF5-Dependent Production of CXCL12 to Overcome the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1575-1588. [PMID: 35247887 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) can markedly alter the response to targeted therapies for colorectal cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major components of TMEs that can direct and induce infiltration of immunosuppressive cells through secreted cytokines such as CXCL12. Ketogenic diets (KD) can inhibit tumor growth and enhance the anticancer effects of immune checkpoint blockade. However, the role of ketogenesis on the immunosuppressive TME is not known. Here, we show that decreased ketogenesis is a signature of colorectal cancer and that an increase in ketogenesis using a KD decreases CXCL12 production in tumors, serum, liver, and lungs. Moreover, increasing ketogenesis by overexpression of the ketogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) or treatment with the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate markedly decreased expression of KLF5, which binds the CXCL12 promoter and induces CXCL12 expression in CAFs. KD decreased intratumoral accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, increased infiltration of natural killer and cytotoxic T cells, and enhanced the anticancer effects of PD-1 blockade in murine-derived colorectal cancer. Furthermore, increasing ketogenesis inhibited colorectal cancer migration, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Overall, ketogenesis is downregulated in the colorectal cancer TME, and increased ketogenesis represses KLF5-dependent CXCL12 expression to improve the immunosuppressive TME, which leads to the enhanced efficacy of immunotherapy and reduced metastasis. Importantly, this work demonstrates that downregulation of de novo ketogenesis in the TME is a critical step in colorectal cancer progression. SIGNIFICANCE This study identifies ketogenesis as a critical regulator of the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer and suggests the potential for ketogenic diets as a metabolic strategy to overcome immunosuppression and prolong survival. See related commentary by Montrose and Galluzzi, p. 1464.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozheng Wei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuning Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Chang Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - William B Titlow
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Greg Bauman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Qingding Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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12
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Wang J, Zhang XY, Xu DY. Zebrafish xenograft model for studying the function of lncRNA SNHG4 in the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 13:210-220. [PMID: 35284103 PMCID: PMC8899727 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zebrafish xenograft model has become a reliable in vivo model for human cancer research. Compared to a mouse model, the zebrafish xenograft has many advantages, including optical transparency, intuitive in vivo observation, and speed. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as crucial regulatory factors in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The biological function of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 4 (SNHG4) in CRC is still unclear. METHODS We analyzed the expression of SNHG4 in CRC patient samples by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) software. The quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify in CRC cell lines. The colony formation assay was used to study the cell proliferation, and we used the transwell assay to detect the migration ability. Then the zebrafish xenograft models were used to confirm these roles of SNHG4 in vivo. Moreover, we detected epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes by qRT-PCR. RESULTS We found the expression of SNHG4 was upregulated in CRC patient samples by analyzing GEPIA software, which was also verified in CRC cell lines. We also found that silencing SNHG4 inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC cells, and its roles were verified in zebrafish xenografts in vivo. Further, we found that the expression of E-cadherin was significantly upregulated and N-cadherin was downregulated when knocking-down SNHG4 in CRC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that SNHG4 played oncogenic roles in CRC, which could be a potential target for treatment of CRC patients, and the results strongly revealed that zebrafish xenograft could be used for functional research of lncRNAs in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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13
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Drury J, Rychahou PG, Kelson CO, Geisen ME, Wu Y, He D, Wang C, Lee EY, Evers BM, Zaytseva YY. Upregulation of CD36, a Fatty Acid Translocase, Promotes Colorectal Cancer Metastasis by Increasing MMP28 and Decreasing E-Cadherin Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:252. [PMID: 35008415 PMCID: PMC8750155 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered fatty acid metabolism continues to be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. We previously found that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with a higher metastatic potential express a higher level of fatty acid translocase (CD36). However, the role of CD36 in CRC metastasis has not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that high expression of CD36 promotes invasion of CRC cells. Consistently, CD36 promoted lung metastasis in the tail vein model and GI metastasis in the cecum injection model. RNA-Seq analysis of CRC cells with altered expression of CD36 revealed an association between high expression of CD36 and upregulation of MMP28, a novel member of the metallopeptidase family of proteins. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown and overexpression of CD36, we confirmed that CD36 regulates MMP28 expression in CRC cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MMP28 decreases invasion of CRC cells, suggesting that MMP28 regulates the metastatic properties of cells downstream of CD36. Importantly, high expression of MMP28 leads to a significant decrease in active E-cadherin and an increase in the products of E-cadherin cleavage, CTF1 and CTF2. In summary, upregulation of CD36 expression promotes the metastatic properties of CRC via upregulation of MMP28 and an increase in E-cadherin cleavage, suggesting that targeting the CD36-MMP28 axis may be an effective therapeutic strategy for CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Drury
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (C.O.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Piotr G. Rychahou
- Department of Surgery and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (P.G.R.); (B.M.E.)
| | - Courtney O. Kelson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (C.O.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Mariah E. Geisen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (C.O.K.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Y.W.); (D.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Daheng He
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Y.W.); (D.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Chi Wang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (Y.W.); (D.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Eun Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (P.G.R.); (B.M.E.)
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (J.D.); (C.O.K.); (M.E.G.)
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14
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The Potential Role of Nanoparticles as an Anticancer Therapy in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9122172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing science and is applied in a variety of diagnostic and treatment technologies. Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest human diseases, and hence, wide research is underway regarding its preventative measures. This review demonstrated that “nano” drug delivery systems have successfully transferred pharmaceutical drug particles at the nanoscale as compared to larger particles. Research has shown a higher rate of disease progression among patients who receive conventional drugs compared to those who were given nanoscale drugs. However, the behavior of the cellular components differs from the performance of larger cellular components of the same type; these differences are due to the physical interactions between the nanoparticles (NPs). The review aimed to discuss several recent research studies focused on delivering NPs for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The reviewed experiments have primarily compared the use of NPs alone or with the addition of an anticancer drug or nanocarriers. These three research methods may help solve past problems and propose new future approaches for colorectal cancer by utilizing the available nanotechnologies. Furthermore, the review illustrated the underlying idea behind NP carriers and stem cell delivery that can be used to create a rapid delivery system for stem cells.
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15
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Ünal S, Can Öztürk S, Bilgiç E, Yanık H, Korkusuz P, Aktaş Y, Benito JM, Esendağlı G, Bilensoy E. Therapeutic efficacy and gastrointestinal biodistribution of polycationic nanoparticles for oral camptothecin delivery in early and late-stage colorectal tumor-bearing animal model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:168-177. [PMID: 34700001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world and is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths. New cases are increasingly diagnosed every day, but current therapeutic options are still insufficient for an effective treatment. In CRC treatment, there is a significant need for alternative treatment approaches that can both prevent relapse and provide strong antimetastatic effects as the intestines and colon are prone to metastasis to neighboring organs and tissues as well as the liver and the lung. In this study, optimized polycationic cyclodextrin (CD) nanoparticles for oral Camptothecin (CPT) delivery were comprehensively examined for in vivo performance in early and late stage tumor bearing mouse model in terms of antitumoral and antimetastatic efficacy of CPT bound to polycationic CD nanoparticles in comparison to free CPT. In addition, the gastrointestinal localization of a single administration of fluorescent dye loaded polycationic CD nanoparticles in the gastrointestinal tract at the end of 24 hours after oral administration was also imaged and evaluated by in vivo imaging system against fluorescent dye intensity. Results showed that survival percentage was significantly improved in CRC-bearing mice compared to oral CPT solution, with significantly reduced colorectal tumor masses and number of liver metastatic foci (p<0.05). It was also possible to differentiate between the effectiveness of nanoparticles in early or late stages of CRC. In vivo imaging studies have also confirmed that polycationic CD nanoparticles are able to deliver the therapeutic load up to the colon and tend to accumulate especially in tumor foci, indicating an effective local treatment strategy. In addition number of liver metastases were significantly decreased with the CPT-loaded polycationic CD nanoparticle formulation in both early and late stage tumor models. These findings indicated that CPT-loaded polycationic CD nanoparticles could be an efficient oral nanocarrier formulation for anticancer molecules that have limited application because of oral bioavailability and stability problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Ünal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Can Öztürk
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Elif Bilgiç
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdullah Yanık
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Aktaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Juan M Benito
- Institute for Chemical Research, CSIC - University of Sevilla, Av. Americo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Güneş Esendağlı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erem Bilensoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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16
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Zhang W, Hwang J, Yadav D, An EK, Kwak M, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Enhancement of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Anti-Cancer Immunity by Intranasal Treatment of Ecklonia cava Fucoidan against Metastatic Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9125. [PMID: 34502035 PMCID: PMC8431244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fucoidan, a well-studied seaweed-extracted polysaccharide, has shown immune stimulatory effects that elicit anticancer immunity, mucosal adjuvant effects via intranasal administration have not been studied. In this study, the effect of Ecklonia cava-extracted fucoidan (ECF) on the induction of anti-cancer immunity in the lung was examined by intranasal administration. In C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, intranasal administration of ECF promoted the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells in the mediastinal lymph node (mLN). The ECF-induced NK and T cell activation was mediated by DCs. In addition, intranasal injection with ECF enhanced the anti-PD-L1 antibody-mediated anti-cancer activities against B16 melanoma and CT-26 carcinoma tumor growth in the lungs, which were required cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. Thus, these data demonstrated that ECF functioned as a mucosal adjuvant that enhanced the immunotherapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors against metastatic lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (W.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (W.Z.); (J.H.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (D.Y.); (E.-K.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (D.Y.); (E.-K.A.)
| | - Eun-Koung An
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (D.Y.); (E.-K.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- ASAN Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (W.Z.); (J.H.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (D.Y.); (E.-K.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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17
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Scuto M, Trovato Salinaro A, Caligiuri I, Ontario ML, Greco V, Sciuto N, Crea R, Calabrese EJ, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of vitagenes via plant polyphenols and vitamin D: Novel insights for chemoprevention and therapeutic interventions based on organoid technology. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111551. [PMID: 34358533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are chemopreventive through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated proteins and anti-inflammatory pathways. These pathways, encoding cytoprotective vitagenes, include heat shock proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as glutathione redox system to protect against cancer initiation and progression. Phytochemicals exhibit biphasic dose responses on cancer cells, activating at low dose, signaling pathways resulting in upregulation of vitagenes, as in the case of the Nrf2 pathway upregulated by hydroxytyrosol (HT) or curcumin and NAD/NADH-sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol. Here, the importance of vitagenes in redox stress response and autophagy mechanisms, as well as the potential use of dietary antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of multiple types of cancer are discussed. We also discuss the possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2, inflammation and cancer, exploiting innovative therapeutic approaches with HT-rich aqueous olive pulp extract (Hidrox®), a natural polyphenolic formulation, as well as the rationale of Vitamin D supplementation. Finally, we describe innovative approaches with organoids technology to study human carcinogenesis in preclinical models from basic cancer research to clinical practice, suggesting patient-derived organoids as an innovative tool to test drug toxicity and drive personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Nello Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Crea
- Oliphenol LLC., 26225 Eden Landing Road, Suite C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy.
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18
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Abd Elwakil MM, Gao T, Isono T, Sato Y, Elewa YHA, Satoh T, Harashima H. Engineered ε-decalactone lipomers bypass the liver to selectively in vivo deliver mRNA to the lungs without targeting ligands. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2251-2259. [PMID: 34846429 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00185j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RNA drugs hold real potential for tackling devastating diseases that are currently resistant to small molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies. However, since these drugs are unstable in vivo and unable to pass through cellular membranes their clinical realization is limited by their successful delivery to target sites. Herein we report on the design of a combinatorial library of polyester lipomers based on the renewable monomer, ε-decalactone (ε-DL), via organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization for mRNA delivery. The ε-DL lipomers showed a surprisingly efficient ability to target the lungs upon intravenous administration. Interestingly, most of the lipomers achieved functional EGFP expression in the lungs, while minimally transfecting hepatocytes and splenic cells. This simple approach for the design of biodegradable materials has the potential for the clinical translation of genetic medicines for the treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Abd Elwakil
- Laboratory of innovative nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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19
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Piran M, Sepahi N, Moattari A, Rahimi A, Ghanbariasad A. Systems Biomedicine of Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 11:597536. [PMID: 34249670 PMCID: PMC8263939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.597536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer deaths across the world. Patients' survival at time of diagnosis depends mainly on stage of the tumor. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms from low-grade to high-grade stages of cancer that lead to cellular migration from one tissue/organ to another tissue/organ is essential for implementing therapeutic approaches. To this end, we performed a unique meta-analysis flowchart by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal, primary (primary sites), and metastatic samples (Colorectal metastatic lesions in liver and lung) in some Test datasets. DEGs were employed to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. A smaller network containing 39 DEGs was then extracted from the PPI network whose nodes expression induction or suppression alone or in combination with each other would inhibit tumor progression or metastasis. These DEGs were then verified by gene expression profiling, survival analysis, and multiple Validation datasets. We suggested for the first time that downregulation of mitochondrial genes, including ETHE1, SQOR, TST, and GPX3, would help colorectal cancer cells to produce more energy under hypoxic conditions through mechanisms that are different from "Warburg Effect". Augmentation of given antioxidants and repression of P4HA1 and COL1A2 genes could be a choice of CRC treatment. Moreover, promoting active GSK-3β together with expression control of EIF2B would prevent EMT. We also proposed that OAS1 expression enhancement can induce the anti-cancer effects of interferon-gamma, while suppression of CTSH hinders formation of focal adhesions. ATF5 expression suppression sensitizes cancer cells to anchorage-dependent death signals, while LGALS4 induction recovers cell-cell junctions. These inhibitions and inductions would be another combinatory mechanism that inhibits EMT and cell migration. Furthermore, expression inhibition of TMPO, TOP2A, RFC3, GINS1, and CKS2 genes could prevent tumor growth. Besides, TRIB3 suppression would be a promising target for anti-angiogenic therapy. SORD is a poorly studied enzyme in cancer, found to be upregulated in CRC. Finally, TMEM131 and DARS genes were identified in this study whose roles have never been interrogated in any kind of cancer, neither as a biomarker nor curative target. All the mentioned mechanisms must be further validated by experimental wet-lab techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Piran
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Sepahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Rahimi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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20
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Terracciano R, Demarchi D, Ruo Roch M, Aiassa S, Pagana G. Nanomaterials to Fight Cancer: An Overview on Their Multifunctional Exploitability. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:2760-2777. [PMID: 33653442 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the worldwide research community has highlighted innumerable benefits of nanomaterials in cancer detection and therapy. Nevertheless, the development of cancer nanomedicines and other bionanotechnology requires a huge amount of considerations about the interactions of nanomaterials and biological systems, since long-term effects are not yet fully known. Open issues remain the determination of the nanoparticles distributions patterns and the internalization rate into the tumor while avoiding their accumulation in internal organs or other healthy tissues. The purpose of this work is to provide a standard overview of the most recent advances in nanomaterials to fight cancer and to collect trends and future directions to follow according to some critical aspects still present in this field. Complementary to the very recent review of Wolfram and Ferrari which discusses and classifies successful clinically-approved cancer nanodrugs as well as promising candidates in the pipeline, this work embraces part of their proposed classification system based on the exploitation of multifunctionality and extends the review to peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last 3 years identified through international databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Terracciano
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Massimo Ruo Roch
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Simone Aiassa
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Guido Pagana
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Italy
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21
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Wu MR, Huang YY, Hsiao JK. Role of Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a New Reporter and Drug-Screening Platform: Implications for Preventing Hepatitis B Virus Infections. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:313-323. [PMID: 31140111 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a transmembrane protein responsible for delivering indocyanine green (ICG), an ideal infrared fluorescent dye, from extracellular space into the cytoplasm. Additionally, NTCP located in the hepatocyte membrane is the portal for hepatitis B and D virus (HBV/HDV) infections. This study verified the feasibility of NTCP as a reporter and further established a drug-screening platform for HBV/HDV infections. PROCEDURES NTCP was transduced into HT-29, a colorectal cancer cell line. To examine the use of NTCP as a reporter, NTCP-expressing cells were treated with ICG and examined through flow cytometry, an in vivo imaging system (IVIS), and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, ICG was administrated to NTCP-expressing tumor-bearing nude mice and examined using the IVIS. To study the drug-screening platform, NTCP-expressing cells were treated with cyclosporin A, an NTCP inhibitor, and ICG, and examined using a multimode detection platform. Moreover, nude mice were injected with NTCP inhibitors and ICG, and subsequently, their ICG signal was examined in vivo and in the blood. RESULTS In the reporter study, the ICG signal was higher in NTCP-expressing cells/tumors than in control cells/tumors after ICG treatment. In the drug-screening platform study, NTCP-expressing cells had decreased ICG intensity after treatment with NTCP inhibitors and ICG. Nude mice that were administered cyclosporin A had lower ICG intensity in the liver and higher intensity in the peripheral tissue and blood. CONCLUSIONS NTCP and ICG form an ideal reporter system with extensive applications in cancer biology, robust drug-drug interactions, and drug screening in HBV/HDV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menq-Rong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzuchi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, No.289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist., New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzuchi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, No.289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist., New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
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22
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Agbana P, Lee MJ, Rychahou P, Kim KB, Bae Y. Ternary Polypeptide Nanoparticles with Improved Encapsulation, Sustained Release, and Enhanced In Vitro Efficacy of Carfilzomib. Pharm Res 2020; 37:213. [PMID: 33025286 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new nanoparticle formulation for a proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib (CFZ) to improve its stability and efficacy for future in vivo applications. METHODS CFZ-loaded ternary polypeptide nanoparticles (CFZ/tPNPs) were prepared by using heptakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin(hepta-hydrochloride) (HaβCD) and azido-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-glutamic acid sodium salt) (N3-PEG-PLE). The process involved ternary (hydrophobic/ionic/supramolecular) interactions in three steps: 1) CFZ was entrapped in the cavity of HaβCD by hydrophobic interaction, 2) the drug-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were mixed with N3-PEG-PLE to form polyion complex nanoparticles, and 3) the nanoparticles were modified with fluorescent dyes (AFDye 647) for imaging and/or epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibodies for cancer cell targeting. CFZ/tPNPs were characterized for particle size, surface charge, drug release, stability, intracellular uptake, proteasome inhibition, and in vitro cytotoxicity. RESULTS tPNPs maintained an average particle size of 50 nm after CFZ entrapment, EpCAM conjugation, and freeze drying. tPNPs achieved high aqueous solubility of CFZ (>1 mg/mL), sustained drug release (t1/2 = 6.46 h), and EpCAM-mediated cell targeting, which resulted in increased intracellular drug accumulation, prolonged proteasome inhibition, and enhanced cytotoxicity of CFZ in drug-resistant DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS tPNPs improved stability and efficacy of CFZ in vitro, and these results potentiate effective cancer treatment using CFZ/tPNPs in future vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preye Agbana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Younsoo Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.
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23
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Zhu M, Luo Y, Xu A, Xu X, Zhong M, Ran Z. Long noncoding RNA TCONS_00026334 is involved in suppressing the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating miR-548n/TP53INP1 signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8639-8649. [PMID: 32986920 PMCID: PMC7666722 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were recognized as significant therapeutic targets in tumors. Our previous microarray analysis showed that lncRNA TCONS_000026334 expression was reduced in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. The objective of this study was to research the biological functions of TCONS_000026334 and the potential mechanism during the development of CRC. TCONS_00026334 transcription levels were detected in CRC tissues from 86 patients and different CRC cell lines. The clinical prognosis factors related to TCONS_00026334 expression were then analyzed. TCONS_000026334 was overexpressed from plasmid pcDNA3.1‐TCONS_ 000026334 or knocked down using a small interfering RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, bioinformatics approach and luciferase reporter gene assays were utilized to search for candidate miRNAs of TCONS_00026334 and identify the downstream target genes. The results indicated that TCONS_00026334 expression in 86 CRC tissues was markedly lower than that in non‐cancerous tissues. The aberrant expression of TCONS_00026334 correlated negatively with larger tumor size, distant metastasis, serological carcinoembryonic antigen level, and unfavorable survival of patients with CRC. TCONS_00026334 overexpression could inhibit the aggressive phenotypes of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, TCONS_00026334 silencing accelerated CRC cell proliferation and invasion. We then verified that TCONS_00026334 upregulated the expression level of TP53INP1, a target gene of miR‐548n, via direct binding to miR‐548n as a competing endogenous RNA. Taken together, our study showed that TCONS_00026334 acts as an anti‐tumor and anti‐metastatic gene by regulating the miR548n/TP53INP1 axis in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antao Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xitao Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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24
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Targeted and redox-responsive drug delivery systems based on carbonic anhydrase IX-decorated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14447. [PMID: 32879359 PMCID: PMC7467921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed a new antibody-targeted and redox-responsive drug delivery system “MSNs-CAIX” by binding the anti-carbonic anhydrase IX antibody (A-CAIX Ab) on the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) via disulfide linkages. The design of the composite particles “MSNs-CAIX” involved the synthesis and surface functionalization with thiol groups, 2,2′-dipyridyl disulfide and CAIX antibody. In vitro, CAIX capping the doxorubicin hydrochloric (DOX)-loaded nanoparticles (DOX@MSNs-CAIX) exhibited effectively redox-responsive release in the presence of glutathione (GSH) owing to the cleavage of the disulfide bond. Compared with CAIX negative Mef cells (mouse embryo fibroblast), remarkably more DOX@MSNs-CAIX was internalized into CAIX positive 4T1 cells (mouse breast cancer cells) by receptor-mediation. Tumor targeting in vivo studies clearly demonstrated DOX@MSNs-CAIX accumulated in tumors and induced more tumor cells apoptosis in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. With great potential, this drug delivery system is a promising candidate for targeted and redox-responsive cancer therapy.
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25
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Drury J, Rychahou PG, He D, Jafari N, Wang C, Lee EY, Weiss HL, Evers BM, Zaytseva YY. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase Upregulates Expression of CD36 to Sustain Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1185. [PMID: 32850342 PMCID: PMC7411002 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase, a key enzyme of de novo lipogenesis, is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. The novel fatty acid synthase inhibitor, TVB-3664, shows anti-cancer activity in multiple cancers including colorectal cancer; however, it is unclear whether uptake of exogeneous fatty acids can compensate for the effect of fatty acid synthase inhibition. This study demonstrates that inhibition of fatty acid synthase selectively upregulates fatty acid translocase (CD36), a fatty acid transporter, in multiple colorectal cancer models including colorectal cancer cells with shRNA mediated knockdown of fatty acid synthase and genetically modified mouse tissues with heterozygous and homozygous deletion of fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, human colorectal cancer tissues treated with TVB-3664 show a significant and selective upregulation of CD36 mRNA. shRNA-mediated knockdown of CD36 and inhibition of CD36 via sulfosuccinimidyl oleate, a chemical inhibitor of CD36, decreased cell proliferation in vitro and reduced tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models. Isogenic cell populations established from patient derived xenografts and expressing high levels of CD36 show a significantly increased ability to grow tumors in vivo. The tumor-promoting effect of CD36 is associated with an increase in the levels of pAkt and survivin. Importantly, combinatorial treatment of primary and established colorectal cancer cells with TVB-3664 and sulfosuccinimidyl oleate shows a synergistic effect on cell proliferation. In summary, our study demonstrates that upregulation of CD36 expression is a potential compensatory mechanism for fatty acid synthase inhibition and that inhibition of CD36 can improve the efficacy of fatty acid synthase-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Drury
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Piotr G. Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Naser Jafari
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eun Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bernard Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
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26
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Zhuyan J, Chen M, Zhu T, Bao X, Zhen T, Xing K, Wang Q, Zhu S. Critical steps to tumor metastasis: alterations of tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix in the formation of pre-metastatic and metastatic niche. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:89. [PMID: 32742634 PMCID: PMC7388444 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, cancer metastasis has been a heated topic for its high mortality. Previous research has shown that pre-metastatic niche and metastatic niche are the 2 crucial steps in cancer metastasis, assisting cancerous cells' infiltration, survival, and colonization at target sites. More recent studies have unraveled details about the specific mechanisms related to the modification of pro-invasion environments. Here, we will review literatures on extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, general cancer metastasis, organ specificity, pre-metastatic niche, metastatic niche, colony formation and impact on the course of metastasis. Respectively, the metastatic mechanisms like effect of hypoxia or inflammation on pre-metastatic niche construction, as well as the interaction between cancer cells and local milieu will be discussed. Based on the evidences of metastatic niches, we revisit and discussed the "Seed and Soil" hypothesis by Paget. This review will seek to provide insight into the mechanism of metastatic organ specificity which pre-metastatic niche and metastatic niche might suggest from an evolutionary aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhuyan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, 201100 China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Tianhao Zhu
- Shanghai Starriver Bilingual School, Shanghai, 201100 China
| | - Xunxia Bao
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Timing Zhen
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Kaichen Xing
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Qiubo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.999 Liangxi Road, Wuxi, China
| | - Sibo Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
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27
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Fernandes M, Lopes I, Teixeira J, Botelho C, Gomes AC. Exosome-like Nanoparticles: A New Type of Nanocarrier. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3888-3905. [PMID: 30706777 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190129142604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are one of the most commonly used systems for imaging or therapeutic drug delivery. Exosomes are nanovesicular carriers that transport cargo for intercellular communication. These nanovesicles are linked to the pathology of some major diseases, in some cases with a central role in their progression. The use of these carriers to transport therapeutic drugs is a recent and promising approach to treat diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer disease. The physiological production of these structures is limited impairing its collection and subsequent purification. These drawbacks inspired the search for mimetic alternatives. The collection of exosome-like nanoparticles from plants can be a good alternative, since they are easier to extract and do not have the drawbacks of those produced in animal cells. Both natural and synthetic exosome-like nanoparticles, produced from serial extrusion of cells or by bottom up synthesis, are currently some of the most promising, biocompatible, high efficiency systems for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Fernandes
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ivo Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Botelho
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia C Gomes
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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28
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Mohammad Jafari R, Ala M, Goodarzi N, Dehpour AR. Does Pharmacodynamics of Drugs Change After Presenting them as Nanoparticles Like their Pharmacokinetics? Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:807-818. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200128113547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
:
Nowadays, the breakthrough in different medical branches makes it feasible to designate
new methods of drug delivery to achieve the most cost-effective and the least unpleasant consequenceimposing
solutions to overcome a wide range of diseases.
:
Nanoparticle (NP) drugs entered the therapeutic system, especially in cancer chemotherapy. These
drugs are quite well-known for two traits of being long-acting and less toxic. For a long time, it has
been investigated how NPs will change the kinetics of drugs. However, there are a few studies that inclined
their attention to how NPs affect the dynamics of drugs. In this review, the latter point will
mainly be discussed in an example-based manner. Besides, other particular features of NPs will be
briefly noted.
:
NPs are capable of affecting the biologic system as much as a drug. Moreover, NPs could arise a wide
variety of effects by triggering their own receptors. NPs are able to change a receptor function and
manipulate its downstream signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Goodarzi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Amirgholami N, Karampour NS, Ghadiri A, Tagavi Moghadam A, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Pipelzadeh MH. A. crassicauda, M. eupeus and H. lepturus scorpion venoms initiate a strong in vivo anticancer immune response in CT26-tumor mice model. Toxicon 2020; 180:31-38. [PMID: 32275983 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present in vivo study the anticancer efficacy of the venoms from Androctonus crassicauda, Messobuthus eupeus and Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpions was investigated. In addition, we attempted to clarify whether the immune system is involved in this activity. Initially, the LD50 of the venoms from these scorpions were determined and their 0.1 and 0.2 LD50 were calculated. The toxicity of 0.1 and 0.2 LD50 was tested on healthy mice by daily SC administration of these venoms for 12 consecutive days. CT26 cells were inoculated by SC route in BALB/c mice to establish a sold tumor, and ten days later, the mice were treated with 0.1 and 0.2 LD50 doses of the venoms on daily basis for 12 consecutive days. The tumor volume was measured every 4 days. At day 13, the tumors from untreated-control and venom-treated groups were removed, weighed, and assessed by histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, the levels of mRNA expression of IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-1β were measured by real-time PCR. All the venoms induced anticancer effects as evidenced by significant inhibition in tumor growth; significant increases in inflammatory and CD+-T cells and expression of mRNA IL-12 and IFN-γ in tumor microenvironment of venom-treated as compared to untreated-control. These findings demonstrated, for the first time, that sub-lethal doses of the venoms from these scorpions induce their in vivo anticancer effects by stimulating the immune system. Further studies, specifically designed to identify these active constituents are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Amirgholami
- Toxicology Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sceinces, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Neda Sistani Karampour
- Toxicology Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sceinces, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | | | - Mohamad Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Pipelzadeh
- Toxicology Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sceinces, Ahvaz, Iran.
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30
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Zhu Y, Bian Y, Zhang Q, Hu J, Li L, Yang M, Qian H, Yu L, Liu B, Qian X. LINC00365 promotes colorectal cancer cell progression through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1260-1272. [PMID: 31544991 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, substantial evidence established that long noncoding RNAs are serious about mediating the evolution of malignancies. In previous studies, LINC00365, which has not been reported in colorectal cancer (CRC), was selected using the bioinformatics analysis in GSE109454 and GSE41655 data sets. However, the function and mechanism of LINC00365 are still obscure. In our study, LINC00365 was found upregulated in CRC specimens and intimately connected with the prognosis of patients with CRC. In addition, LINC00365 overexpression enhances the cell abilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies showed that LINC00365 might involve in CRC cell progression by mediating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, LINC00365 upregulation increased CDK1 protein expression. In conclusion, this study suggests that LINC00365 acts as a vital part in facilitating CRC progression and might play as a therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yinzhu Bian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Kanipandian N, Li D, Kannan S. Induction of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in A549 lung cancer cells using silver nanoparticles from Gossypium hirsutum and evaluation of in vivo toxicity. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 23:e00339. [PMID: 31467862 PMCID: PMC6713847 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the research communities raised wide concerns on using medicinal plants for synthesis of nanomaterials due to its effective biological activity, lower side effects and also eco-friendly manner. Our previous report concentrated on the biomedical efficacy of fine characterized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) leaf extract. Further, the current examination is planned to reveal the molecular mechanisms involving for activation of mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway by AgNPs in human lung cancer cells (A549) using various biological endpoints such as apoptotic induction by HOECHST 33342, AO/EtBr and Rhodamine 123 staining, cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry, gene and protein expressions by RT-PCR and immunoblotting respectively. This study was further extended to identify the toxicity of AgNPs using an animal model. Interestingly, we observed that A549 cells treated with AgNPs resulted in G2/M arrest and ultimately leads to induction of apoptosis cell death. Moreover, gene analysis demonstrated that diminished expression of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax) mitochondrial genes. The alterations in the gene pattern may interrupt of mitochondrial membrane potential which facilitates the releasing of cytochrome c (cyt c) into cytosol. The cyt c act as a key molecule for activation of caspases (9 and 3) to initiate intrinsic apoptotic signaling cell death process. The histological analysis proven the application of AgNPs in nanomedicine is quietly harmless and would not cause any discernible stress like swelling and inflammation to the organs of mice. Taken together, this investigation may provide solid evidence for cotton crop mediated AgNPs induced apoptosis cell death pathway and offer a novel approach for cancer therapy.
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Key Words
- A549 cells
- A549 cells, adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells
- AO/EtBr, acridine Orange and Ethidium Bromide
- AgNPs, silver nanoparticles
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein
- Bcl-2, B-cell Lymphoma
- Cas 3 and Cas 9, Caspase 3 and Caspase 9
- Cell cycle arrest
- Cyt-c, cytochrome C
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified eagles medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- GC–MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Gossypium hirsutum
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- Intrinsic apoptosis pathway
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SDS-PAGE, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Silver nanoparticles
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
- nm, nanometers
- p53 gene, tumor suppressor gene
- ΔΨ m, mitochondrial membrane potential
- β-Actin, beta actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Kanipandian
- Proteomics and Molecular Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, TN, India
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Soundarapandian Kannan
- Proteomics and Molecular Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, TN, India
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Zeng X, Liu Y, Zhu H, Chen D, Hu W. Downregulation of miR-216a-5p by long noncoding RNA PVT1 suppresses colorectal cancer progression via modulation of YBX1 expression. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6981-6993. [PMID: 31440087 PMCID: PMC6664428 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s208983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increasing evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. MiR-216a-5p, located at 2p16.1, has been shown to suppress proliferation of cancerous cells. However, its expression and function in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Materials and methods The significance of miR-216a-5p in CRC was studied by analyzing miR-216a-5p expression in CRC tissues and its association with clinicopathological parameters. CRC cells, stably overexpressing miR-216a-5p, were evaluated for cell proliferation and metastasis using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay methods. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway was analyzed by Western blotting. Bioinformatics, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and luciferase reporter assay were performed to define the regulation of PVT1/miR-216a-5p/Y Box Binding Protein 1 (YBX1) axis in CRC. Results The expression of miR-216a-5p was found to be significantly downregulated in CRC and was correlated with the various stages and differentiation degree of the tumors. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-216a-5p could significantly inhibit the tumor growth, metastasis, and EMT progression in CRC. Furthermore, the expression of miR-216a-5p was negatively correlated with the expression of PVT1, and PVT1 could reverse tumor suppressive effect of miR-216a-5p in CRC cells. Finally, YBX1 might be the key target of PVT1/miR-216a-5p axis in CRC. Conclusion Downregulation of miR-216a-5p by PVT1 could suppress CRC progression via modulating YBX1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Gastrointesitinal Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women's and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Gastrointesitinal Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Gastrointesitinal Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Hu
- Gastrointesitinal Oncosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Jensen D, Cao Y, Lu C, Wulff JE, Moffitt MG. Microfluidic encapsulation of SN-38 in block copolymer nanoparticles: effect of hydrophobic block composition on loading and release properties. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A gas–liquid microfluidic reactor was used to prepare polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) containing the drug 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy camptothecin (SN-38) from a series of poly(methyl caprolactone-co-caprolactone)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P(MCL-co-CL)-b-PEO) amphiphilic block copolymers with variable MCL content in the hydrophobic block. All three copolymers formed spheres with ∼20 nm core diameters by TEM, although some rigid rod-like aggregates were also formed by the PMCL-50 and PMCL-75 copolymers. SN-38 encapsulation efficiencies (EE = 2.7%–3.0%) and loading levels (DL = 2.0%–2.9%) were similar for the three copolymers. In vitro release kinetics became significantly slower as the MCL content increased, with release half times increasing monotonically from 3.4 to 6.2 h as the MCL content of the hydrophobic block increased from 50% to 100%. The ability to systematically tune release half times via controlled variation in the hydrophobic block composition, while maintaining constant PNP size and loading levels, represents an intriguing chemical handle for the optimization of SN-38 nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Yimeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Changhai Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Jeremy E. Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Matthew G. Moffitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
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Tri-block copolymer nanoparticles modified with folic acid for temozolomide delivery in glioblastoma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 108:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Obinu A, Rassu G, Corona P, Maestri M, Riva F, Miele D, Giunchedi P, Gavini E. Poly (ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PECA-NPs) as possible agents in tumor treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:520-528. [PMID: 30822627 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor eradication has many challenges due to the difficulty of selectively delivering anticancer drugs to malignant cells avoiding contact with healthy tissues/organs. The improvement of antitumor efficacy and the reduction of systemic side effects can be achieved using drug loaded nanoparticles. In this study, poly (ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PECA-NPs) were prepared using an emulsion polymerization method and their potential for cancer treatment was investigated. The size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of prepared nanoparticles are about 80 nm, 0.08 and -39.7 mV, respectively. The stability test shows that the formulation is stable for 15 days, while an increase in particle size occurs after 30 days. TEM reveals the spherical morphology of nanoparticles; furthermore, FTIR and 1H NMR analyses confirm the structure of PECA-NPs and the complete polymerization. The nanoparticles demonstrate an in vitro concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines (Caco-2), as assessed by MTT assay. The anticancer activity of PECA-NPs was studied on 3D tumor spheroids models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and kidney adenocarcinoma cells (A498) to better understand how the nanoparticles could interact with a complex structure such as a tumor. The results confirm the antitumor activity of PECA-NPs. Therefore, these systems can be considered good candidates in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Obinu
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Corona
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcello Maestri
- IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine-Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Cao Y, Silverman L, Lu C, Hof R, Wulff JE, Moffitt MG. Microfluidic Manufacturing of SN-38-Loaded Polymer Nanoparticles with Shear Processing Control of Drug Delivery Properties. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:96-107. [PMID: 30477300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-phase gas-liquid microfluidic reactors provide shear processing control of SN-38-loaded polymer nanoparticles (SN-38-PNPs). We prepare SN-38-PNPs from the block copolymer poly(methyl caprolactone- co-caprolactone)- block-poly(ethylene oxides) (P(MCL- co-CL)- b-PEO) using bulk and microfluidic methods and at different drug-to-polymer loading ratios and on-chip flow rates. We show that, as the microfluidic flow rate ( Q) increases, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading increase and release half times increase. Slower SN-38 release is obtained at the highest Q value ( Q = 400 μL/min) than is achieved using a conventional bulk preparation method. For all SN-38-PNP formulations, we find a dominant population (by number) of nanosized particles (<50 nm) along with a small number of larger aggregates (>100 nm). As Q increases, the size of aggregates decreases through a minimum and then increases, attributed to a flow-variable competition of shear-induced particle breakup and shear-induced particle coalescence. IC25 and IC50 values of the various SN-38-PNPs against MCF-7 cells show strong flow rate dependencies that mirror trends in particle size. SN-38-PNPs manufactured on-chip at intermediate flow rates show both minimum particle sizes and maximum potencies with a significantly lower IC25 value than the bulk-prepared sample. Compared to conventional bulk methods, microfluidic shear processing in two-phase reactors provides controlled manufacturing routes for optimizing and improving the properties of SN-38 nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria , BC V8W 3 V6 , Canada
| | - Lisa Silverman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria , BC V8W 3 V6 , Canada
| | - Changhai Lu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria , BC V8W 3 V6 , Canada
| | - Rebecca Hof
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria , BC V8W 3 V6 , Canada
| | - Jeremy E Wulff
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria , BC V8W 3 V6 , Canada
| | - Matthew G Moffitt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , P.O. Box 3065, Victoria , BC V8W 3 V6 , Canada
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Fan J, Zhang W, Wu Y, Wan P, Guo Q, Zhang Y. miR‑124 inhibits cell growth through targeting IQGAP1 in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5270-5278. [PMID: 30272357 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA/miR)-124 is a miRNA, which exerts tumor suppressive effects but is frequently absent in tumors. Although it has been validated to target oncogenic genes such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, forkhead box Q1, and Slug, the mechanistic link between miR‑124 and potential target genes that contribute to tumor progression, is yet to be investigated. IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a scaffold protein that participates in protein‑protein interactions and integrating diverse signaling pathways. Previous studies suggest that overexpression of IQGAP1 enhances activity of mitogen activated protein kinase 1 and β‑catenin signaling cascades to facilitate tumor progression. The present study aimed to identify the regulative link between miR‑124 and IQGAP1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). It was demonstrated that IQGAP1 was aberrantly overexpressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of IQGPA1 by introducing short hairpin‑IQGAP1 lentivirus inhibited CRC cell growth and colony formation ability, and simultaneously suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and β‑catenin expression. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that miR‑124 was silenced in CRC. Restoration of miR‑124 in CRC cells impeded cell growth and colony formation ability. The direct binding of miR‑124 to the 3'untranslated region of IQGAP1 mRNA was confirmed using a luciferase reporter gene assay. Importantly, downregulation of IQGAP1 expression was observed in miR‑124‑restoration cells with simultaneous reduction of phosphorylated‑ERK1/2 and β‑catenin. In conclusion, the present study describes a potential mechanism underlying the miR‑124/IQGAP1 link in CRC progression. Silencing of miR‑124 may depress IQGAP1 expression, leading to increased activity of ERK1/2 and β‑catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Fan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Wei Y, Fang G, Hong D, An L, Jiao T, Shi Y, Zang A. Colorectal cancer combination therapy using drug and gene co-delivered, targeted poly(ethylene glycol)-ε-poly(caprolactone) nanocarriers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3171-3180. [PMID: 30288022 PMCID: PMC6161722 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s175614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Combination therapy is a promising strategy to treat cancer due to the synergistic effects. The drug and gene co-delivered systems attract more attention in the field of combination therapy. Materials and methods In the present research, poly(ethylene glycol)-ε-poly(caprolactone) block copolymer was used for the co-loading of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gene. The physicochemical characteristics, in vitro and in vivo anticancer, and gene transfection efficiency were tested on colon cancer cells and tumor-bearing mice. Results 5-FU and gene co-loaded nanocarriers had a size of 145 nm. In vivo gene delivery results showed about 60% of gene-positive cells. Tumor volume of nanocarrier groups at day 21 was around 320 mm3, which is significantly smaller compared with free 5-FU group (852 mm3) and control group (1,059 mm3). The maximum 5-FU plasma concentration in nanocarrier groups (49 µg/mL) was significantly greater than free 5-FU (13 µg/mL). At 24 hours, drug level of nanocarrier groups was about 2.8 µg/mL compared with 0.02 µg/mL of free 5-FU. Conclusion The resulting nanocarriers co-loaded with the anticancer drugs and genes could be considered as a promising nanomedicine for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yaning Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guotao Fang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dan Hong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lin An
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ting Jiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China,
| | - Aimin Zang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, People's Republic of China,
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Ghorbani M, Hamishehkar H. Redox-responsive smart nanogels for intracellular targeting of therapeutic agents: applications and recent advances. J Drug Target 2018; 27:408-422. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1514041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Ghorbani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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40
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Fang G, Ye BL, Hu BR, Ruan XJ, Shi YX. CircRNA_100290 promotes colorectal cancer progression through miR-516b-induced downregulation of FZD4 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:184-189. [PMID: 30173892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNA) exert crucial functions in the development and advance of cancers. CircRNA_100290 has been reported to promote proliferation in oral cancer. However, whether it participates in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, our report showed that circRNA_100290 level was significantly increased in CRC tissues and cell lines. Besides, circRNA_100290 expression was positively correlated with tumor metastasis while inversely correlated with prognosis. Silencing circRNA_100290 markedly reduced cell proliferation rate, inhibited migration and invasion abilities, but promoted apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, our data revealed circRNA_100290 was a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of FZD4 by sponging miR-516b, leading to activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Rescue assay indicated that FZD4-induced activation of β-catenin pathway is indispensable for the function of circRNA_100290 in CRC. In summary, our study for the first time revealed a novel regulatory loop of circRNA_100290/miR-516b/FZD4/Wnt/β-catenin implicated in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Fang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Bai-Liang Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Bing-Ren Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Shi
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Pal D, Tyagi A, Chandrasekaran B, Alattasi H, Ankem MK, Sharma AK, Damodaran C. Suppression of Notch1 and AKT mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition by Verrucarin J in metastatic colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:798. [PMID: 30038258 PMCID: PMC6056562 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been attributed to activation of AKT and Notch1 signaling pathways. As EMT corresponds to increased aggressiveness of CRC, approaches that prevent metastasis by targeting AKT/Notch1 pathways are at the forefront of current research paradigms. This study examined the anti-metastatic potential of Verrucarin J (VJ), a small molecule, in CRC cells overexpressing AKT and Notch1. VJ significantly inhibited AKT/HCT 116 cell growth by acting on the AKT/NFκB/Bcl-2 signaling axis and initiated apoptotic signaling as was evident from increased expression of pro-apoptotic markers such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 9. Also, VJ inhibited the cell growth in AKT/Notch1-overexpressing CRC cells and abrogated EMT. The down-regulation of AKT and Notch1 signaling was apparent in immunoblot analysis and corresponded with down-regulation of mesenchymal markers including Snail, and β-catenin. Intraperitoneal administration of VJ in control (pCMV/HCT 116) and AKT/HCT 116 mice significantly suppressed AKT-induced tumor growth in a xenograft model. In addition, down-regulation of prosurvival markers as well as AKT and Notch1 was observed in the immunohistochemical analysis of the xenografted tumors. In conclusion, our study substantiates the role of AKT and Notch1 in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and EMT of CRC cells and demonstrates that VJ may be a viable therapeutic option to counter AKT-induced cell proliferation and tumor outgrowth in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Pal
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Houda Alattasi
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Murali K Ankem
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chendil Damodaran
- Department of Urology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Sun J, Hu J, Wang G, Yang Z, Zhao C, Zhang X, Wang J. LncRNA TUG1 promoted KIAA1199 expression via miR-600 to accelerate cell metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:106. [PMID: 29776371 PMCID: PMC5960095 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNA TUG1 has been reported to be highly expressed in CRC samples and cells and promoted metastasis by affecting EMT, indicating a poor prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we determined the underlying mechanism for tumor oncogenesis of lncRNA TUG1 in CRC metastasis. METHODS The expressions of miR-600 and KIAA1199 in 76 CRC patients and CRC cells and CRC metastatic tissues were determined using qRT-PCR. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were determined using western blot. CRC cell metastasis was assessed by colony formation, wound healing and transwell assay. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm miR-600 binding to KIAA1199 3'UTR. RESULTS Our data showed that lncRNA TUG1 was upregulated in CRC cells, miR-600 was downregulated in CRC tissues, cell lines and CRC metastatic tissues, and low miR-600 expression predicted a poor clinical prognosis. Overexpression of miR-600 suppressed CRC cell migration/invasion and EMT-related proteins in vitro, inhibited tumor volume and weight, and decreased the number of CRC liver metastasis in vivo. KIAA1199 was upregulated in CRC tissues, and was negatively regulated by miR-600. KIAA1199 overexpression promoted CRC cell migration and invasion, which reversed the inhibition effect of miR-600 mimic on migration and invasion of CRC cells. Moreover, TUG1 negatively regulated miR-600, and inhibition of TUG1 suppressed CRC cell migration and invasion and EMT-related proteins via regulating miR-600. CONCLUSION Our study proved that TUG1 promoted KIAA1199 expression to accelerate EMT and metastasis of CRC cell through inhibition of miR-600 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jiyi Hu
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiefu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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