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Wang Y, Qu J, Xiong C, Chen B, Xie K, Wang M, Liu Z, Yue Z, Liang Z, Wang F, Zhang T, Zhu G, Kuang YB, Shi P. Transdermal microarrayed electroporation for enhanced cancer immunotherapy based on DNA vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322264121. [PMID: 38865265 PMCID: PMC11194603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322264121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous clinical potential of nucleic acid-based vaccines, their efficacy to induce therapeutic immune response has been limited by the lack of efficient local gene delivery techniques in the human body. In this study, we develop a hydrogel-based organic electronic device (μEPO) for both transdermal delivery of nucleic acids and in vivo microarrayed cell electroporation, which is specifically oriented toward one-step transfection of DNAs in subcutaneous antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for cancer immunotherapy. The μEPO device contains an array of microneedle-shaped electrodes with pre-encapsulated dry DNAs. Upon a pressurized contact with skin tissue, the electrodes are rehydrated, electrically triggered to release DNAs, and then electroporate nearby cells, which can achieve in vivo transfection of more than 50% of the cells in the epidermal and upper dermal layer. As a proof-of-concept, the μEPO technique is employed to facilitate transdermal delivery of neoantigen genes to activate antigen-specific immune response for enhanced cancer immunotherapy based on a DNA vaccination strategy. In an ovalbumin (OVA) cancer vaccine model, we show that high-efficiency transdermal transfection of APCs with OVA-DNAs induces robust cellular and humoral immune responses, including antigen presentation and generation of IFN-γ+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes with a more than 10-fold dose sparing over existing intramuscular injection (IM) approach, and effectively inhibits tumor growth in rodent animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Jin Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Chuxiao Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Mingxue Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Zhenghua Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Yi Becki Kuang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen518000, China
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Ravindra Babu M, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Dua K, Kumar Singh S. Harnessing the role of microneedles as sensors: current status and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104030. [PMID: 38762087 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, microneedles (MNs) have been transformed to serve a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. Their role as sensors in wearable devices has provided an alternative to blood-based monitoring of health and diagnostic methods. Hence, they have become a topic of research interest for several scientists working in the biomedical field. These MNs as sensors offer the continuous monitoring of biomarkers like glucose, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides and electrolyte ions, which can therefore screen for and diagnose disease conditions in humans. The present review focuses on types of MN sensors and their applications. Various clinical trials and bottlenecks of MN R&D are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molakpogu Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia.
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3
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Zhao C, Wu Z, Pan B, Zhang R, Golestani A, Feng Z, Ge Y, Yang H. Functional biomacromolecules-based microneedle patch for the treatment of diabetic wound. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131650. [PMID: 38636756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are a common complication of diabetes. The prolonged exposure to high glucose and oxidative stress in the wound environment increases the risk of bacterial infection and abnormal angiogenesis, leading to amputation. Microneedle patches have shown promise in promoting the healing of diabetic wounds through transdermal drug delivery. These patches target the four main aspects of diabetic wound treatment: hypoglycemia, antibacterial action, inflammatory regulation, and tissue regeneration. By overcoming the limitations of traditional administration methods, microneedle patches enable targeted therapy for deteriorated tissues. The design of these patches extends beyond the selection of needle tip material and biomacromolecule encapsulated drugs; it can also incorporate near-infrared rays to facilitate cascade reactions and treat diabetic wounds. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the advantages of microneedle patches compared to traditional treatment methods. We focus on the design and mechanism of these patches based on existing experimental articles in the field and discuss the potential for future research on microneedle patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhao
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Zhaoqi Wu
- Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Boyue Pan
- Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Avin Golestani
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ziyi Feng
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Yi Ge
- Department of China Medical University, The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Huazhe Yang
- School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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4
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Tian R, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang L, Wen X. Application of microneedling in photodynamic therapy: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104016. [PMID: 38367923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is pivotal in the management of diverse dermatologic conditions. Microneedling (MN) is a minimally invasive tool that is capable of inducing transient pores on the skin to facilitate transdermal drug delivery. Several studies have reported augmentation of PDT combined with MN. This systematic review analyzes the current studies on the efficacy and safety of MN-assisted PDT for skin diseases. METHODS The literature search using the PRISMA standard was completed through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CENTRAL from the establishment of the databases to November 2023. Two independent researchers finished the procedure. RESULTS A total of 12 articles and 413 subjects met our study criteria. This systematic review suggests that MN-assisted PDT can decrease the incubation time required for the photosensitizer and reduce skin lesions of actinic keratosis (AK) . The common side effect is pain and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS MN is an effective method to increase the transdermal delivery rate of photosensitizers. For different photosensitizers and disease, MN may show different clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Tian
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Xunyi Wang
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology/Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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5
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Xing M, Yang G, Liu H, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Gao Y. Industrializable approach for preparing hydrogel microneedles and their application in melanoma treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123883. [PMID: 38341048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) technology has been studied in transdermal drug delivery for more than 20 years with hundreds of clinical trials conducted. However, there are currently no commercially available MNs in medicine due to challenges in materials safety, cost-effective fabrication, and large-scale manufacturing. Herein, an approach for rapid and green fabrication of hydrogel microneedles (HMNs) based on infrared irradiation process was proposed for the first time. The optimized formulation consisted of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), which acted as cross-linked materials and pore-forming agents, respectively. The manufacturing method involved placing MNs patches under infrared irradiation at 70 °C for 2 min and annealing to obtain HMNs with excellent swelling behavior, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. When model drugs azelaic acid (AZA) and matrine (MAT) were loaded into HMNs systems, the chemical stability of MAT was significantly improved. Ex vivo transdermal delivery experiments indicated that HMNs could achieve synchronous release of AZA and MAT, and the 24-hour percutaneous permeability rates of both drugs were 73.09 ± 0.48 % and 71.56 ± 1.23 %, respectively. In-vivo pharmacokinetic studies, HMNs administration presented dose-dependent stable blood drug concentrations for both drugs. Additionally, prominent anti-tumor efficacy and biosecurity were observed in the drug-loaded HMNs group in the pharmacodynamic evaluation. In summary, the efficient, convenient, and low-cost fabrication method based on infrared irradiation offers the possibility of mass production of drug-loaded HMNs, showing potential for industrial manufacturing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Xing
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Guozhong Yang
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, Beijing 102609, China.
| | - Han Liu
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, Beijing 102609, China.
| | - Zequan Zhou
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, Beijing 102609, China.
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, Beijing 102609, China.
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd, Beijing 102609, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 266112 Qingdao, China.
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6
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Meng F, Qiao X, Xin C, Ju X, He M. Recent progress of polymeric microneedle-assisted long-acting transdermal drug delivery. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:12434. [PMID: 38571937 PMCID: PMC10987780 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN)-assisted drug delivery technology has gained increasing attention over the past two decades. Its advantages of self-management and being minimally invasive could allow this technology to be an alternative to hypodermic needles. MNs can penetrate the stratum corneum and deliver active ingredients to the body through the dermal tissue in a controlled and sustained release. Long-acting polymeric MNs can reduce administration frequency to improve patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes, especially in the management of chronic diseases. In addition, long-acting MNs could avoid gastrointestinal reactions and reduce side effects, which has potential value for clinical application. In this paper, advances in design strategies and applications of long-acting polymeric MNs are reviewed. We also discuss the challenges in scale manufacture and regulations of polymeric MN systems. These two aspects will accelerate the effective clinical translation of MN products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanda Meng
- College of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Qiao
- College of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chenglong Xin
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ju
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Meilin He
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong, China
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7
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Hu Y, Chatzilakou E, Pan Z, Traverso G, Yetisen AK. Microneedle Sensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306560. [PMID: 38225744 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) has the capacity to support low-cost, accurate and real-time actionable diagnostic data. Microneedle sensors have received considerable attention as an emerging technique to evolve blood-based diagnostics owing to their direct and painless access to a rich source of biomarkers from interstitial fluid. This review systematically summarizes the recent innovations in microneedle sensors with a particular focus on their utility in POC diagnostics and personalized medicine. The integration of various sensing techniques, mostly electrochemical and optical sensing, has been established in diverse architectures of "lab-on-a-microneedle" platforms. Microneedle sensors with tailored geometries, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility are constructed with a variety of materials and fabrication methods. Microneedles categorized into four types: metals, inorganics, polymers, and hydrogels, have been elaborated with state-of-the-art bioengineering strategies for minimally invasive, continuous, and multiplexed sensing. Microneedle sensors have been employed to detect a wide range of biomarkers from electrolytes, metabolites, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins to drugs. Insightful perspectives are outlined from biofluid, microneedles, biosensors, POC devices, and theragnostic instruments, which depict a bright future of the upcoming personalized and intelligent health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eleni Chatzilakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhisheng Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Ruan S, Li J, Ruan H, Xia Q, Hou X, Wang Z, Guo T, Zhu C, Feng N, Zhang Y. Microneedle-mediated nose-to-brain drug delivery for improved Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Control Release 2024; 366:712-731. [PMID: 38219911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Conventional transnasal brain-targeted drug delivery strategies are limited by nasal cilia clearance and the nasal mucosal barrier. To address this challenge, we designed dissolving microneedles combined with nanocarriers for enhanced nose-to-brain drug delivery. To facilitate transnasal administration, a toothbrush-like microneedle patch was fabricated with hyaluronic acid-formed microneedles and tannic acid-crosslinked gelatin as the base, which completely dissolved in the nasal mucosa within seconds leaving only the base, thereby releasing the loaded cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) without affecting the nasal cilia and nasal microbial communities. As nanocarriers for high loading of huperzine A, these potassium-structured CD-MOFs, reinforced with stigmasterol and functionalized with lactoferrin, possessed improved physical stability and excellent biocompatibility, enabling efficient brain-targeted drug delivery. This delivery system substantially attenuated H2O2- and scopolamine-induced neurocyte damage. The efficacy of huperzine A on scopolamine- and D-galactose & AlCl3-induced memory deficits in rats was significantly improved, as evidenced by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity, alleviating oxidative stress damage in the brain, and improving learning function, meanwhile activating extracellular regulated protein kinases-cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein-brain derived neurotrophic factor pathway. Moreover, postsynaptic density protein PSD-95, which interacts with two important therapeutic targets Tau and β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease, was upregulated. This fruitful treatment was further shown to significantly ameliorate Tau hyperphosphorylation and decrease β-amyloid by ways including modulating beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10. Collectively, such a newly developed strategy breaks the impasse for efficient drug delivery to the brain, and the potential therapeutic role of huperzine A for Alzheimer's disease is further illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Ruan
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hang Ruan
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Xia
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Teng Guo
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyun Zhu
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- School of pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Fratus M, Alam MA. Performance gain and electro-mechanical design optimization of microneedles for wearable sensor systems. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 26:4. [PMID: 38095755 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive microneedle (MN) is an emerging technology platform for wearable and implantable diagnostics and therapeutics systems. These short MNs offer pain-free insertion and simple operation. Among the MN technologies proposed to enhance interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction, porous and swellable (P-S) hydrogels absorb analyte molecules across the entire lateral surface. Currently, the design, development, and optimization of the MNs rely on empirical, iterative approaches. Based on theory of fluid flow and analyte diffusion through geometrically complex biomimetic systems, here we derive a generalized physics-guided model for P-S MN sensors. The framework (a) quantifies MN extracting efficiency [Formula: see text] in terms of its geometric and physical properties, and (b) suggests strategies to optimize sensor response while satisfying the mechanical constraints related to various skin-types (e.g., mouse, pig, humans, etc.). Our results show that, despite the differences in geometry and composition, P-S MNs obey a universal scaling response, [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] being MN length, diffusivity, and radius, respectively, and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the ratio between approximate vs. exact analytical solutions, the effective biofluid transfer coefficient between dermis and skin, and the exponent for the power-law approximation, respectively. These parameters quantify the biomolecule transfer through the dermis-to-MN interface at different scaling limits. P-S MNs outperform hollow MNs by a 2-6x enhancement factor; however, the buckling-limit of insertion defines the maximized functionality of the sensor. Our model, validated against experimental results and numerical simulations, offers a predictive design framework to significantly reduce the optimization time for P-S MN-based sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fratus
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, Indiana, USA.
| | - Muhammad Ashraful Alam
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47906, Indiana, USA
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10
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Wang EY, Sarmadi M, Ying B, Jaklenec A, Langer R. Recent advances in nano- and micro-scale carrier systems for controlled delivery of vaccines. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122345. [PMID: 37918182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines provide substantial safety against infectious diseases, saving millions of lives each year. The recent COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of vaccination in providing mass-scale immunization against outbreaks. However, the delivery of vaccines imposes a unique set of challenges due to their large molecular size and low room temperature stability. Advanced biomaterials and delivery systems such as nano- and mciro-scale carriers are becoming critical components for successful vaccine development. In this review, we provide an updated overview of recent advances in the development of nano- and micro-scale carriers for controlled delivery of vaccines, focusing on carriers compatible with nucleic acid-based vaccines and therapeutics that emerged amid the recent pandemic. We start by detailing nano-scale delivery systems, focusing on nanoparticles, then move on to microscale systems including hydrogels, microparticles, and 3D printed microneedle patches. Additionally, we delve into emerging methods that move beyond traditional needle-based applications utilizing innovative delivery systems. Future challenges for clinical translation and manufacturing in this rapidly advancing field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Yan Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Morteza Sarmadi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Binbin Ying
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ana Jaklenec
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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