Pantothenate-encapsulated liposomes combined with exercise for effective inhibition of CRM1-mediated PKM2 translocation in Alzheimer's therapy

Role and mechanisms of exercise therapy in enhancing drug treatment for glioma: a review

Gliomas, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), are among the most aggressive and challenging brain tumors to treat. Although current therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted treatments have extended patient survival to some extent, their efficacy remains limited and is often accompanied by severe side effects. In recent years, exercise therapy has gained increasing attention as an adjunctive treatment in clinical and research settings. Exercise not only improves patients' physical function and cognitive abilities but may also enhance the efficacy of conventional drug treatments by modulating the immune system, suppressing inflammatory responses, and improving blood-brain barrier permeability. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of exercise in glioma treatment, including enhancing immune surveillance through activation of natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, and increasing drug penetration by improving blood-brain barrier function. Additionally, studies suggest that exercise can synergize with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, improving treatment outcomes while reducing drug-related side effects. Although the application of exercise therapy in glioma patients is still in the exploratory phase, existing evidence indicates its significant clinical value as an adjunctive approach, with the potential to become a new standard in glioma treatment in the future.

Interaction between post-tumor inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy

Background

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) presents a critical complication in cancer patients, contributing notably to heart failure and elevated mortality rates. While its clinical relevance is well-documented, the intricate molecular mechanisms that link sepsis, tumor-driven inflammation, and cardiac dysfunction remain inadequately explored. This study aims to elucidate the interaction between post-tumor inflammation, intratumor heterogeneity, and the dysfunction of VSMC in SIC, as well as to evaluate the therapeutic potential of exercise training and specific pharmacological interventions.

Methods

Transcriptomic data from NCBI and GEO databases were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with SIC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology (GO), and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were utilized to elucidate the biological significance of these genes. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were used to investigate drug-target interactions, and immune infiltration and gene mutation analyses were carried out by means of platforms like TIMER 2.0 and DepMap to comprehend the influence of DVL1 on immune responsiveness.

Results

Through the utilization of the datasets, we discovered the core gene DVL1 that exhibited remarkable up-regulated expression both in SIC and in diverse kinds of cancers, which were associated with poor prognosis and inflammatory responses. Molecular docking revealed that Digoxin could bind to DVL1 and reduce oxidative stress in SIC. The DVL1 gene module related to SIC was identified by means of WGCNA, and the immune infiltration analysis demonstrated the distinctive immune cell patterns associated with DVL1 expression and the impact of DVL1 on immunotherapeutic resistance.

Conclusions

DVL1 is a core regulator of SIC and other cancers and, therefore, can serve as a therapeutic target. The present study suggests that targeted pharmacological therapies to enhance response to exercise regimens may be a novel therapeutic tool to reduce the inflammatory response during sepsis, particularly in cancer patients. The identified drugs, Digoxin, require further in vivo and clinical studies to confirm their effects on SIC and their potential efforts to improve outcomes in immunotherapy-resistant cancer patients.

Nanoscale drug formulations for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease progression

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no effective disease-modifying treatments. The blood-brain barrier hinders drug delivery to the brain, limiting therapeutic efficacy. Nanoparticle-based systems have emerged as promising tools to overcome these challenges. This review highlights recent advances in nanoparticle technologies for AD treatment, including liposomes, polymeric, inorganic, and biomimetic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles improve drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier, improve stability and bioavailability, and enable targeted delivery to affected brain regions. Functionalization strategies further enhance their therapeutic potential. Multifunctional nanoparticles combining therapeutic and diagnostic properties offer theranostic approaches. While progress has been made, challenges related to safety, targeting precision, and clinical translation remain. Future perspectives emphasize the need for collaborative efforts to optimize nanoparticle design, conduct rigorous studies, and accelerate the development of effective nanotherapeutics. With continued innovation, nanoparticle-based delivery systems hold great promise for revolutionizing AD treatment.

Paromomycin targets HDAC1-mediated SUMOylation and IGF1R translocation in glioblastoma

Objective

This study investigates the effects of Paromomycin on SUMOylation-related pathways in glioblastoma (GBM), specifically targeting HDAC1 inhibition.

Methods

Using TCGA and GTEx datasets, we identified SUMOylation-related genes associated with GBM prognosis. Molecular docking analysis suggested Paromomycin as a potential HDAC1 inhibitor. In vitro assays on U-251MG GBM cells were performed to assess Paromomycin's effects on cell viability, SUMOylation gene expression, and IGF1R translocation using CCK8 assays, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence.

Results

Paromomycin treatment led to a dose-dependent reduction in GBM cell viability, colony formation, and migration. It modulated SUMO1 expression and decreased IGF1R nuclear translocation, an effect reversible by the HDAC1 inhibitor Trochostatin A (TSA), suggesting Paromomycin's involvement in SUMO1-regulated pathways.

Conclusion

This study highlights Paromomycin's potential as a therapeutic agent for GBM by targeting HDAC1-mediated SUMOylation pathways and influencing IGF1R translocation, warranting further investigation for its clinical application.

Exercise-regulated lipolysis: Its role and mechanism in health and diseases

Exercise has received considerable attention because of its importance not just in regulating physiological function, but also in ameliorating multiple pathological processes. Among these processes, lipolysis may play an important role in exercise-induced benefits. It is generally accepted that active lipolysis contributes to breakdown of fats, leading to the release of free fatty acids (FFAs) that serve as an energy source for muscles and other tissues during exercise. However, the significance of lipolysis in the context of exercise has not been fully understood. This review comprehensively outlines the potential regulatory mechanisms by which exercise stimulates lipolysis. The potential roles of exercise-mediated lipolysis in various physiological and pathological processes are also summarized. Additionally, we also discussed the potential non-classical effects of key lipolytic effectors induced by exercise. This will enhance our understanding of how exercise improves lipolytic function to bring about beneficial effects, offering new insights into potential therapeutic avenues for promoting health and alleviating diseases.

Metabolic pathways, genomic alterations, and post-translational modifications in pulmonary hypertension and cancer as therapeutic targets and biomarkers

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can lead to right ventricular hypertrophy, significantly increasing mortality rates. This study aims to clarify PH-specific metabolites and their impact on genomic and post-translational modifications (PTMs) in cancer, evaluating DHA and EPA's therapeutic potential to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation.

Methods

Data from 289,365 individuals were analyzed using Mendelian randomization to examine 1,400 metabolites' causal roles in PH. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of DHA and EPA were tested in RAW 264.7 macrophages and cancer cell lines (A549, HCT116, HepG2, LNCaP). Genomic features like CNVs, DNA methylation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and PTMs were analyzed. DHA and EPA's effects on ROS production and cancer cell proliferation were assessed.

Results

We identified 57 metabolites associated with PH risk and examined key tumor-related pathways through promoter methylation analysis. DHA and EPA significantly reduced ROS levels and inflammatory markers in macrophages, inhibited the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, and decreased nuclear translocation of SUMOylated proteins during oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. These findings suggest a potential anticancer role through the modulation of stress-related nuclear signaling, as well as a regulatory function on cellular PTMs.

Conclusion

This study elucidates metabolic and PTM changes in PH and cancer, indicating DHA and EPA's role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings support targeting these pathways for early biomarkers and therapies, potentially improving disease management and patient outcomes.

The role of NOP58 in prostate cancer progression through SUMOylation regulation and drug response

Background

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men. Its molecular pathogenesis is closely linked to various genetic and epigenetic alterations, including posttranslational modifications like SUMOylation. Identifying biomarkers that predict outcomes and specific therapeutic targets depends on a comprehensive understanding of these processes. With growing interest in SUMOylation as a mechanism affecting prostate cancer-related genes, this study aimed to investigate the central role of SUMOylation in prostate cancer prognostics, focusing on the significance of NOP58.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, integrating differential expression analysis, survival analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and single-cell transcriptomic analyses using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Key genes were identified through intersections of Venn diagrams, Boralta algorithm signatures, and machine learning models. These signaling mechanisms were validated through experimental studies, including immunohistochemical staining and gene ontology analyses.

Results

The dual-gene molecular subtype analysis with SUMO1, SUMO2, and XPO1 genes revealed significant differences in survival outcomes across molecular subtypes, further emphasizing the potential impact of NOP58 on SUMOylation, a key post-translational modification, in prostate cancer. NOP58 overexpression was strongly associated with shorter overall survival (OS), progression-free interval (PFI), and disease-specific death in prostate cancer patients. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that NOP58 was significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that NOP58 could distinguish prostate cancer from control samples with high diagnostic accuracy. Gene Ontology analysis, along with GSVA and GSEA, suggested that NOP58 may be involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair pathways. Moreover, NOP58 knockdown led to increased BCL2 expression and decreased Ki67 levels, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. Colony formation assays further showed that NOP58 knockdown inhibited, while its overexpression promoted, colony formation, highlighting the critical role of NOP58 in prostate cancer cell growth and survival. Additionally, NOP58 was linked to drug responses, including Methotrexate, Rapamycin, Sorafenib, and Vorinostat.

Conclusion

NOP58 is a key regulator of prostate cancer progression through its mediation of the SUMOylation pathway. Its expression level serves as a reliable prognostic biomarker and an actionable therapeutic target, advancing precision medicine for prostate cancer. Targeting NOP58 may enhance therapeutic efficacy and improve outcomes in oncology.

Targeting exercise-related genes and placental growth factor for therapeutic development in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background

Human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), are complex and heterogeneous diseases driven by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play a crucial role in cancer progression, making them a promising target for pharmacological intervention. This study aims to identify key exercise-related genes with prognostic value in HNSCC through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, with a particular focus on the therapeutic potential of placental growth factor (PIGF).

Methods

Transcriptome data for HNSCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed for their prognostic significance. Exercise-related gene sets were retrieved from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and GSEA, were conducted. The biological functions and clinical implications of key genes were further explored through single-gene expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and in vitro cellular experiments.

Results

The study identified exercise-related genes associated with survival prognosis in HNSCC. GO and KEGG pathway analyses highlighted the biological functions of these genes, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed their prognostic value. PIGF expression analysis using TCGA data showed its diagnostic potential, with higher expression linked to advanced tumor stages. Single-cell sequencing revealed PIGF's role in the tumor microenvironment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PIGF plays a pivotal role in enhancing cell proliferation and colony formation in HNSCC, with PIGF knockdown significantly impairing these functions, highlighting its importance in tumor growth regulation. Additionally, PIGF's predictive performance in drug sensitivity across cancer datasets suggests its potential as a pharmacological target, offering opportunities to modulate the immune microenvironment and improve therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment.

Conclusion

This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HNSCC and identifies exercise-related genes, particularly PIGF, as promising biomarkers for clinical treatment and personalized medicine. By focusing on PTMs and their role in cancer progression, our findings suggest that targeting PIGF may offer innovative therapeutic strategies.

Investigating the therapeutic potential of hesperidin targeting CRISP2 in intervertebral disc degeneration and cancer risk mitigation

Background

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) can lead to disc herniation and spinal instability, sometimes requiring surgical intervention. Currently, estrogen has a potential protective effect on IDD, and estrogen is associated with an increased risk of some cancers, such as breast and endometrial cancer. Therefore, it is important to identify natural compounds that estrogen analogues treat IDD while reducing the risk of tumor development.

Objective

This study aims to explore a natural metabolic treatment strategy by targeting CRISP2 with the natural compound Hesperidin to mimic the protective effects of estrogen on IDD and reduce the risk of tumor development.

Methods

Microarray data from healthy volunteers and IDD patients were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and RNA sequencing and clinical data from various cancer types were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Bioconductor Limma package, followed by principal component analysis, volcano plot, and heatmap visualization. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, CIBERSORT and ssGSEA immune cell infiltration assessments, survival analysis, metabolite enrichment analysis, and molecular docking were performed. Hesperidin's interaction with CRISP2 was further validated through molecular docking and experimental studies.

Results

Hesperidin significantly reduced the expression of CRISP2, iNOS, and COX2 in IDD models, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, and diminished inflammatory markers. CIBERSORT and ssGSEA analyses revealed a correlation between CRISP2 and immune cell infiltration. Survival analysis demonstrated that CRISP2 expression levels were associated with patient survival across various cancer types. Hesperidin was found to mimic estrogen's effects on IDD and reduce tumor progression. Cell culture and experimental validation confirmed Hesperidin's protective effects on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs).

Conclusion

Hesperidin, as a potential natural metabolic regulator, not only has therapeutic effects on IDD but may also synergize with estrogen therapy to promote spinal health without increasing cancer risk. This study presents a new clinical approach for IDD treatment and lays the foundation for further drug development and experimental research.