1
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Yang Y, He F, Lv X, Liu Q, Wu A, Qi Z, Wu HB. Tackling CO 2 Loss in Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Advanced Material and Electrolyzer Design. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400786. [PMID: 39075827 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECO2R) has been considered as a promising approach to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. CO2 loss in conventional alkaline electrolyzers has been recognized as a major obstacle that compromising the efficiency of the ECO2R system. This review firstly conducts an in-depth assessment of the origin and influence of CO2 loss. On this basis, this work summarizes electrolyzer configurations based on novel material and structure design that are capable of tackling CO2 loss, including acidic electrolyzer, bipolar membrane (BPM) derived electrolyzer, cascade electrolyzer, liquid-phase-anode electrolyzer, and liquid-fed electrolyzer. The design strategies and challenges of these carbon efficient electrolyzers have been deliberated in detail. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and limitations of various electrolyzer designs, this work aims to provide some guidelines for the development of efficient ECO2R technology toward large-scale industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fan He
- Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Xiangzhou Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Angjian Wu
- Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhifu Qi
- Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Hao Bin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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2
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O'Brien CP, Miao RK, Shayesteh Zeraati A, Lee G, Sargent EH, Sinton D. CO 2 Electrolyzers. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3648-3693. [PMID: 38518224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
CO2 electrolyzers have progressed rapidly in energy efficiency and catalyst selectivity toward valuable chemical feedstocks and fuels, such as syngas, ethylene, ethanol, and methane. However, each component within these complex systems influences the overall performance, and the further advances needed to realize commercialization will require an approach that considers the whole process, with the electrochemical cell at the center. Beyond the cell boundaries, the electrolyzer must integrate with upstream CO2 feeds and downstream separation processes in a way that minimizes overall product energy intensity and presents viable use cases. Here we begin by describing upstream CO2 sources, their energy intensities, and impurities. We then focus on the cell, the most common CO2 electrolyzer system architectures, and each component within these systems. We evaluate the energy savings and the feasibility of alternative approaches including integration with CO2 capture, direct conversion of flue gas and two-step conversion via carbon monoxide. We evaluate pathways that minimize downstream separations and produce concentrated streams compatible with existing sectors. Applying this comprehensive upstream-to-downstream approach, we highlight the most promising routes, and outlook, for electrochemical CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P O'Brien
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Rui Kai Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ali Shayesteh Zeraati
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Geonhui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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3
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Zheng M, Zhang J, Wang P, Jin H, Zheng Y, Qiao SZ. Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Reactions on Copper-Based Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307913. [PMID: 37756435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenation reactions play a critical role in the synthesis of value-added products within the chemical industry. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) using water as the hydrogen source has emerged as an alternative to conventional thermocatalytic processes for sustainable and decentralized chemical synthesis under mild conditions. Among the various ECH catalysts, copper-based (Cu-based) nanomaterials are promising candidates due to their earth-abundance, unique electronic structure, versatility, and high activity/selectivity. Herein, recent advances in the application of Cu-based catalysts in ECH reactions for the upgrading of valuable chemicals are systematically analyzed. The unique properties of Cu-based catalysts in ECH are initially introduced, followed by design strategies to enhance their activity and selectivity. Then, typical ECH reactions on Cu-based catalysts are presented in detail, including carbon dioxide reduction for multicarbon generation, alkyne-to-alkene conversion, selective aldehyde conversion, ammonia production from nitrogen-containing substances, and amine production from organic nitrogen compounds. In these catalysts, the role of catalyst composition and nanostructures toward different products is focused. The co-hydrogenation of two substrates (e.g., CO2 and NOx n, SO3 2-, etc.) via C─N, C─S, and C─C cross-coupling reactions are also highlighted. Finally, the critical issues and future perspectives of Cu-catalyzed ECH are proposed to accelerate the rational development of next-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Junyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Pengtang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Huanyu Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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4
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Gautam M, Nkurunziza F, Mulvehill MC, Uttarwar SS, Hofsommer DT, Grapperhaus CA, Spurgeon JM. Two-Membrane Dual Non-Aqueous/Aqueous Electrolyte Flow Cell Operation for Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2 to Methyl Formate. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301337. [PMID: 37931228 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, tandem cathodic reactions have been demonstrated in non-aqueous solvents to couple CO2 reduction to a secondary reaction to create novel species that are not produced in aqueous CO2 electrolysis. One reaction that can be performed with high selectivity and durability is the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid and in-situ esterification with methanol to produce methyl formate. However, the translation to a high-performance flow electrolyzer is far from trivial, as the non-aqueous catholyte leads to reactor challenges including flooding the gas diffusion electrode. Here, a two-membrane flow electrolyzer with both anion and cation exchange membranes was used with flowing methanol catholyte and aqueous anolyte. This design prevented methanol from flooding the cathode, which was a pervasive limiting issue for electrolyzers with a single membrane. Methyl formate production at 42.9 % faradaic efficiency was achieved with pure methanol in a flow electrolyzer with stable performance beyond 80 min. However, low-water-content catholyte compositions also led to increased cell resistance and lower operating current densities. Thus, with the present ionomer materials there is a tradeoff between methyl formate selectivity and current density depending on water concentration, highlighting a need for new ionomers tailored for desirable non-aqueous solvents such as methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Gautam
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Francois Nkurunziza
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Matthew C Mulvehill
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Sandesh S Uttarwar
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Dillon T Hofsommer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Joshua M Spurgeon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
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5
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Cousins LS, Creissen CE. Multiscale effects in tandem CO 2 electrolysis to C 2+ products. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3915-3925. [PMID: 38099592 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05547g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
CO2 electrolysis is a sustainable technology capable of accelerating global decarbonisation through the production of high-value alternatives to fossil-derived products. CO2 conversion can generate critical multicarbon (C2+) products such as drop-in chemicals ethylene and ethanol, however achieving high selectivity from single-component catalysts is often limited by the competitive formation of C1 products. Tandem catalysis can overcome C2+ selectivity limitations through the incorporation of a component that generates a high concentration of CO, the primary reactant involved in the C-C coupling step to form C2+ products. A wide range of approaches to promote tandem CO2 electrolysis have been presented in recent literature that span atomic-scale manipulation to device-scale engineering. Therefore, an understanding of multiscale effects that contribute to selectivity alterations are required to develop effective tandem systems. In this review, we use relevant examples to highlight the complex and interlinked contributions to selectivity and provide an outlook for future development of tandem CO2 electrolysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis S Cousins
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Charles E Creissen
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
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6
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Wu ZZ, Zhang XL, Yang PP, Niu ZZ, Gao FY, Zhang YC, Chi LP, Sun SP, DuanMu JW, Lu PG, Li YC, Gao MR. Gerhardtite as a Precursor to an Efficient CO-to-Acetate Electroreduction Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24338-24348. [PMID: 37880928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon coupling electrochemistry on a conventional copper (Cu) catalyst still undergoes low selectivity among many different multicarbon (C2+) chemicals, posing a grand challenge to achieve a single C2+ product. Here, we demonstrate a laser irradiation synthesis of a gerhardtite mineral, Cu2(OH)3NO3, as a catalyst precursor to make a Cu catalyst with abundant stacking faults under reducing conditions. Such structural perturbation modulates electronic microenvironments of Cu, leading to improved d-electron back-donation to the antibonding orbital of *CO intermediates and thus strengthening *CO adsorption. With increased *CO coverage on the defect-rich Cu, we report an acetate selectivity of 56 ± 2% (compared to 31 ± 1% for conventional Cu) and a partial current density of 222 ± 7 mA per square centimeter in CO electroreduction. When run at 400 mA per square centimeter for 40 h in a flow reactor, this catalyst produces 68.3 mmol of acetate throughout. This work highlights the value of a Cu-containing mineral phase in accessing suitable structures for improved selectivity to a single desired C2+ product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zheng Wu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Peng-Peng Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhuang-Zhuang Niu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fei-Yue Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Cai Zhang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Ping Chi
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Ping Sun
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing-Wen DuanMu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pu-Gan Lu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ye-Cheng Li
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Min-Rui Gao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Möller T, Filippi M, Brückner S, Ju W, Strasser P. A CO 2 electrolyzer tandem cell system for CO 2-CO co-feed valorization in a Ni-N-C/Cu-catalyzed reaction cascade. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5680. [PMID: 37709744 PMCID: PMC10502113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupled tandem electrolyzer concepts have been predicted to offer kinetic benefits to sluggish catalytic reactions thanks to their flexibility of reaction environments in each cell. Here we design, assemble, test, and analyze the first complete low-temperature, neutral-pH, cathode precious metal-free tandem CO2 electrolyzer cell chain. The tandem system couples an Ag-free CO2-to-CO2/CO electrolyzer (cell-1) to a CO2/CO-to-C2+ product electrolyzer (cell-2). Cell-1 and cell-2 incorporate selective Ni-N-C-based and Cu-based Gas Diffusion Cathodes, respectively, and operate at sustainable neutral pH conditions. Using our tandem cell system, we report strongly enhanced rates for the production of ethylene (by 50%) and alcohols (by 100%) and a sharply increased C2+ energy efficiency (by 100%) at current densities of up to 700 mA cm-2 compared to the single CO2-to-C2+ electrolyzer cell system approach. This study demonstrates that coupled tandem electrolyzer cell systems can offer kinetic and practical energetic benefits over single-cell designs for the production of value-added C2+ chemicals and fuels directly from CO2 feeds without intermediate separation or purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Möller
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Filippi
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Brückner
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wen Ju
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- The Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Mathison R, Ramos Figueroa AL, Bloomquist C, Modestino MA. Electrochemical Manufacturing Routes for Organic Chemical Commodities. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2023; 14:85-108. [PMID: 36930876 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-090840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of organic chemical commodities provides an alternative to conventional thermochemical manufacturing and enables the direct use of renewable electricity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the chemical industry. We discuss electrochemical synthesis approaches that use abundant carbon feedstocks for the production of the largest petrochemical precursors and basic organic chemical products: light olefins, olefin oxidation derivatives, aromatics, and methanol. First, we identify feasible routes for the electrochemical production of each commodity while considering the reaction thermodynamics, available feedstocks, and competing thermochemical processes. Next, we summarize successful catalysis and reaction engineering approaches to overcome technological challenges that prevent electrochemical routes from operating at high production rates, selectivity, stability, and energy conversion efficiency. Finally, we provide an outlook on the strategies that must be implemented to achieve large-scale electrochemical manufacturing of major organic chemical commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mathison
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA; , , ,
| | - Alexandra L Ramos Figueroa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA; , , ,
| | - Casey Bloomquist
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA; , , ,
| | - Miguel A Modestino
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA; , , ,
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9
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da Silva AHM, Lenne Q, Vos RE, Koper MTM. Competition of CO and Acetaldehyde Adsorption and Reduction on Copper Electrodes and Its Impact on n-Propanol Formation. ACS Catal 2023; 13:4339-4347. [PMID: 37066043 PMCID: PMC10088027 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Selective synthesis of n-propanol from electrocatalytic CO2/CO reduction on copper remains challenging and the impact of the local interfacial effects on the production of n-propanol is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigate the competition between CO and acetaldehyde adsorption and reduction on copper electrodes and how it affects the n-propanol formation. We show that n-propanol formation can be effectively enhanced by modulating the CO partial pressure or acetaldehyde concentration in solution. Upon successive additions of acetaldehyde in CO-saturated phosphate buffer electrolytes, n-propanol formation was increased. Oppositely, n-propanol formation was the most active at lower CO flow rates in a 50 mM acetaldehyde phosphate buffer electrolyte. In a conventional carbon monoxide reduction reaction (CORR) test in KOH, we show that, in the absence of acetaldehyde in solution, an optimum ratio of n-propanol/ethylene formation is found at intermediate CO partial pressure. From these observations, we can assume that the highest n-propanol formation rate from CO2RR is reached when a suitable ratio of CO and acetaldehyde intermediates is adsorbed. An optimum ratio was also found for n-propanol/ethanol formation but with a clear decrease in the formation rate for ethanol at this optimum, while the n-propanol formation rate was the highest. As this trend was not observed for ethylene formation, this finding suggests that adsorbed methylcarbonyl (adsorbed dehydrogenated acetaldehyde) is an intermediate for the formation of ethanol and n-propanol but not for ethylene. Finally, this work may explain why it is challenging to reach high faradaic efficiencies for n-propanol, as CO and the intermediates for n-propanol synthesis (like adsorbed methylcarbonyl) compete for active sites on the surface, where CO adsorption is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quentin Lenne
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Rafaël E. Vos
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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10
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Wei P, Gao D, Liu T, Li H, Sang J, Wang C, Cai R, Wang G, Bao X. Coverage-driven selectivity switch from ethylene to acetate in high-rate CO 2/CO electrolysis. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:299-306. [PMID: 36635334 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tuning catalyst microenvironments by electrolytes and organic modifications is effective in improving CO2 electrolysis performance. An alternative way is to use mixed CO/CO2 feeds from incomplete industrial combustion of fossil fuels, but its effect on catalyst microenvironments has been poorly understood. Here we investigate CO/CO2 co-electrolysis over CuO nanosheets in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyser. With increasing CO pressure in the feed, the major product gradually switches from ethylene to acetate, attributed to the increased CO coverage and local pH. Under optimized conditions, the Faradaic efficiency and partial current density of multicarbon products reach 90.0% and 3.1 A cm-2, corresponding to a carbon selectivity of 100.0% and yield of 75.0%, outperforming thermocatalytic CO hydrogenation. The scale-up demonstration using an electrolyser stack achieves the highest ethylene formation rate of 457.5 ml min-1 at 150 A and acetate formation rate of 2.97 g min-1 at 250 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dunfeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Tianfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Hefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
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11
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Biswas A, Winter LR, Xie Z, Chen JG. Utilizing CO 2 as a Reactant for C 3 Oxygenate Production via Tandem Reactions. JACS AU 2023; 3:293-305. [PMID: 36873684 PMCID: PMC9975824 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One possible solution to closing the loop on carbon emissions is using CO2 as the carbon source to generate high-value, multicarbon products. In this Perspective, we describe four tandem reaction strategies for converting CO2 into C3 oxygenated hydrocarbon products (i.e., propanal and 1-propanol), using either ethane or water as the hydrogen source: (1) thermocatalytic CO2-assisted dehydrogenation and reforming of ethane to ethylene, CO, and H2, followed by heterogeneous hydroformylation, (2) one-pot conversion of CO2 and ethane using plasma-activated reactions in combination with thermocatalysis, (3) electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene, CO, and H2, followed by thermocatalytic hydroformylation, and (4) electrochemical CO2 reduction to CO, followed by electrochemical CO reduction to C3 oxygenates. We discuss the proof-of-concept results and key challenges for each tandem scheme, and we conduct a comparative analysis of the energy costs and prospects for net CO2 reduction. The use of tandem reaction systems can provide an alternative approach to traditional catalytic processes, and these concepts can be further extended to other chemical reactions and products, thereby opening new opportunities for innovative CO2 utilization technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash
N. Biswas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Lea R. Winter
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520, United States
| | - Zhenhua Xie
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York11973, United States
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12
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Hou J, Chang X, Li J, Xu B, Lu Q. Correlating CO Coverage and CO Electroreduction on Cu via High-Pressure in Situ Spectroscopic and Reactivity Investigations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22202-22211. [PMID: 36404600 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The absolute coverage of CO has been a missing piece in the mechanistic puzzle of the CO reduction reaction (CORR) on Cu. For the first time, we revealed the upper bound of the CO coverage under electrocatalytic conditions to be 0.05 monolayer at atmospheric pressure and the saturation CO coverage to be ∼0.25 monolayer by conducting surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy at CO pressures up to 60 barg in a custom-designed spectroelectrochemical cell. CORR activities on Cu were also determined in the same pressure range. Calculated reaction orders of C2+ products with respect to adsorbed CO are substantially less than unity, clearly indicating that the coupling of adsorbed CO is not the rate-determining step leading to multicarbon products. The increase in CO coverage can reduce the C affinity on the Cu surface and favor the selectivity towards oxygenates, especially acetate, over ethylene. Uncommon products, including ethane, glycolaldehyde, and ethylene glycol, were detected in appreciable amounts, likely due to a new C-C coupling mechanism taking place at elevated CO pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Bingjun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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13
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Enhancing acetate selectivity by coupling anodic oxidation to carbon monoxide electroreduction. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Hann EC, Overa S, Harland-Dunaway M, Narvaez AF, Le DN, Orozco-Cárdenas ML, Jiao F, Jinkerson RE. A hybrid inorganic-biological artificial photosynthesis system for energy-efficient food production. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:461-471. [PMID: 37118051 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis systems are proposed as an efficient alternative route to capture CO2 to produce additional food for growing global demand. Here a two-step CO2 electrolyser system was developed to produce a highly concentrated acetate stream with a 57% carbon selectivity (CO2 to acetate), allowing its direct use for the heterotrophic cultivation of yeast, mushroom-producing fungus and a photosynthetic green alga, in the dark without inputs from biological photosynthesis. An evaluation of nine crop plants found that carbon from exogenously supplied acetate incorporates into biomass through major metabolic pathways. Coupling this approach to existing photovoltaic systems could increase solar-to-food energy conversion efficiency by about fourfold over biological photosynthesis, reducing the solar footprint required. This technology allows for a reimagination of how food can be produced in controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Hann
- Center for Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sean Overa
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Marcus Harland-Dunaway
- Center for Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Andrés F Narvaez
- Center for Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Plant Transformation Research Center, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Dang N Le
- Center for Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Feng Jiao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Robert E Jinkerson
- Center for Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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15
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Gawel A, Jaster T, Siegmund D, Holzmann J, Lohmann H, Klemm E, Apfel UP. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction - The macroscopic world of electrode design, reactor concepts & economic aspects. iScience 2022; 25:104011. [PMID: 35340428 PMCID: PMC8943412 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the efficient electrochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable chemical feedstocks, a well-coordinated interaction of all electrolyzer compartments is required. In addition to the catalyst, whose role is described in detail in the part "Electrochemical CO2 Reduction toward Multicarbon Alcohols - The Microscopic World of Catalysts & Process Conditions" of this divided review, the general cell setups, design and manufacture of the electrodes, membranes used, and process parameters must be optimally matched. The authors' goal is to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on how these aspects affect the overall performance of CO2 electrolysis. To be economically competitive as an overall process, the framework conditions, i.e., CO2 supply and reaction product treatment must also be considered. If the key indicators for current density, selectivity, cell voltage, and lifetime of a CO2 electrolyzer mentioned in the techno-economic consideration of this review are met, electrochemical CO2 reduction can make a valuable contribution to the creation of closed carbon cycles and to a sustainable energy economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Gawel
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Theresa Jaster
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Holzmann
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heiko Lohmann
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Elias Klemm
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Department of Energy, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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16
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Overa S, Ko BH, Zhao Y, Jiao F. Electrochemical Approaches for CO 2 Conversion to Chemicals: A Journey toward Practical Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:638-648. [PMID: 35041403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration play an essential role to address CO2 emissions. Among all carbon utilization technologies, CO2 electroreduction has gained immense interest due to its potential for directly converting CO2 to a variety of valuable commodity chemicals using clean, renewable electricity as the sole energy source. The research community has witnessed rapid advances in CO2 electrolysis technology in recent years, including highly selective catalysts, larger-scale reactors, specific process modeling, as well as a mechanistic understanding of the CO2 reduction reaction. The rapid advances in the field brings promise to the commercial application of the technology and the rapid rollout of the CO2 electroreduction for chemical manufacturing.This Account focuses on our contributions in both fundamental and applied research in the field of electrocatalytic CO2 and CO reduction reactions. We first discuss (1) the development of novel electrocatalysts for CO2/CO electroreduction to enhance the product selectivity and lower the energy consumption. Specifically, we synthesized nanoporous Ag and homogeneously mixed Cu-based bimetallic catalysts for the enhanced production of CO from CO2 and multicarbon products from CO, respectively. Then, we review our efforts in (2) the field of reactor engineering, including a dissolved CO2 H-type cell, vapor-fed CO2 three-compartment flow cell, and vapor-fed CO2 membrane electrode assembly, for enhancing reaction rates and scalability. Next, we describe (3) the investigation of reaction mechanisms using in situ and operando techniques, such as surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies and electrochemical mass spectroscopy. We revealed the participation of bicarbonate in CO2 electroreduction on Au using attenuated total-reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, the presence of an "oxygenated" surface of Cu under CO electroreduction conditions using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and the origin of oxygen in acetaldehyde and other CO electroreduction products on Cu using flow electrolyzer mass spectrometry. Lastly, we examine (4) the commercial potential of the CO2 electrolysis technology, such as understanding pollutant effects in CO2 electroreduction and developing techno-economic analysis. Specifically, we discuss the effects of SO2 and NOx in CO2 electroreduction using Cu, Ag, and Sn catalysts. We also identify technical barriers that need to be overcome and offer our perspective on accelerating the commercial deployment of the CO2 electrolysis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Overa
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Byung Hee Ko
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yaran Zhao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Feng Jiao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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17
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Soto ÁM, Lake JR, Varanasi KK. Transient Effects Caused by Gas Depletion during Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1020-1033. [PMID: 35014259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The novel use of carbon dioxide (CO2) electroreduction to generate carbon-based products which do not contribute to the greenhouse effect has promoted the vision of carbon dioxide as a renewable feedstock for future clean fuel production. Depending on the material choice for the electrocatalysis, a certain variety of products is expected from the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, as the CO2 concentration in areas close to the working electrode (relative to the diffusive boundary layer) decreases as it is being consumed and transformed into other products, the generation of H2 is favored to the detriment of CO2 electroreduction. Therefore, the extent to which H2 is produced can be used as a metric to evaluate the efficiency of CO2RR. This article proposes a model that accounts for the modes in which aqueous gas depletion evolves over time and affects the long-term CO2 electroreduction and the corresponding pH evolution near the electrode's surface. For the latter, two main contributions are distinguished: gas depletion due to CO2 consumption and ion generation in areas close to the electrocatalyst surface. pH is then suggested as an accurate and indirect means to measure CO2 concentration in a liquid electrolyte. We conclude that CO2 depletion causes a strong decay in the electrochemical reaction efficiency. In the end, we discuss several methods which may delay the onset of the adverse effects caused by gas depletion, such as the utilization of pulsed electroreduction, cycling the applied current to electrodes on and off periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Moreno Soto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jack R Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Sustronk AC, Benes NE, Mul G. Conversion of a CO–CO
2
co‐feed with a porous tubular copper catalyst at low potential. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clara Sustronk
- Films in Fluids, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology University of Twente AE Enschede The Netherlands
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis group, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology University of Twente AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Nieck Edwin Benes
- Films in Fluids, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology University of Twente AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Guido Mul
- PhotoCatalytic Synthesis group, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology University of Twente AE Enschede The Netherlands
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19
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Ramdin M, De Mot B, Morrison ART, Breugelmans T, van den Broeke LJP, Trusler JPM, Kortlever R, de Jong W, Moultos OA, Xiao P, Webley PA, Vlugt TJH. Electroreduction of CO 2/CO to C 2 Products: Process Modeling, Downstream Separation, System Integration, and Economic Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:17862-17880. [PMID: 34937989 PMCID: PMC8679093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Direct electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2 products such as ethylene is more efficient in alkaline media, but it suffers from parasitic loss of reactants due to (bi)carbonate formation. A two-step process where the CO2 is first electrochemically reduced to CO and subsequently converted to desired C2 products has the potential to overcome the limitations posed by direct CO2 electroreduction. In this study, we investigated the technical and economic feasibility of the direct and indirect CO2 conversion routes to C2 products. For the indirect route, CO2 to CO conversion in a high temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or a low temperature electrolyzer has been considered. The product distribution, conversion, selectivities, current densities, and cell potentials are different for both CO2 conversion routes, which affects the downstream processing and the economics. A detailed process design and techno-economic analysis of both CO2 conversion pathways are presented, which includes CO2 capture, CO2 (and CO) conversion, CO2 (and CO) recycling, and product separation. Our economic analysis shows that both conversion routes are not profitable under the base case scenario, but the economics can be improved significantly by reducing the cell voltage, the capital cost of the electrolyzers, and the electricity price. For both routes, a cell voltage of 2.5 V, a capital cost of $10,000/m2, and an electricity price of <$20/MWh will yield a positive net present value and payback times of less than 15 years. Overall, the high temperature (SOEC-based) two-step conversion process has a greater potential for scale-up than the direct electrochemical conversion route. Strategies for integrating the electrochemical CO2/CO conversion process into the existing gas and oil infrastructure are outlined. Current barriers for industrialization of CO2 electrolyzers and possible solutions are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinder Ramdin
- Engineering
Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bert De Mot
- Applied
Electrochemistry & Catalysis, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Andrew R. T. Morrison
- Large-Scale
Energy Storage, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Applied
Electrochemistry & Catalysis, University
of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Leo J. P. van den Broeke
- Engineering
Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J. P. Martin Trusler
- Imperial
College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruud Kortlever
- Large-Scale
Energy Storage, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebren de Jong
- Large-Scale
Energy Storage, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A. Moultos
- Engineering
Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Penny Xiao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A. Webley
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thijs J. H. Vlugt
- Engineering
Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical,
Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft
University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
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20
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Dongare S, Singh N, Bhunia H, Bajpai PK, Das AK. Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saudagar Dongare
- Department of Chemical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University) Patiala 147004 Punjab India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University) Patiala 147004 Punjab India
| | - Haripada Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University) Patiala 147004 Punjab India
| | - Pramod K. Bajpai
- Ex-Distinguished Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University) Patiala 147004 Punjab India
- Present address: G-1 Ekta Apartment 120/912 Ranjeet Nagar Kanpur 208005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Asit Kumar Das
- Head, Refinery R&D and Process Development, Reliance Industries Limited Jamnagar 361142 Gujarat India
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21
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Liang F, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Lei Y, Sun X. Recent Development of Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Application to Energy Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100323. [PMID: 34151517 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emission has caused greenhouse gas pollution worldwide. Hence, strengthening CO2 recycling is necessary. CO2 electroreduction reaction (CRR) is recognized as a promising approach to utilize waste CO2 . Electrocatalysts in the CRR process play a critical role in determining the selectivity and activity of CRR. Different types of electrocatalysts are introduced in this review: noble metals and their derived compounds, transition metals and their derived compounds, organic polymer, and carbon-based materials, as well as their major products, Faradaic efficiency, current density, and onset potential. Furthermore, this paper overviews the recent progress of the following two major applications of CRR according to the different energy conversion methods: electricity generation and formation of valuable carbonaceous products. Considering electricity generation devices, the electrochemical properties of metal-CO2 batteries, including Li-CO2 , Na-CO2 , Al-CO2 , and Zn-CO2 batteries, are mainly summarized. Finally, different pathways of CO2 electroreduction to carbon-based fuels is presented, and their reaction mechanisms are illustrated. This review provides a clear and innovative insight into the entire reaction process of CRR, guiding the new electrocatalysts design, state-of-the-art analysis technique application, and reaction system innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano (ZIK), Technical University of Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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22
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Tang C, Gong P, Xiao T, Sun Z. Direct electrosynthesis of 52% concentrated CO on silver's twin boundary. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2139. [PMID: 33837209 PMCID: PMC8035331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gaseous product concentration in direct electrochemical CO2 reduction is usually hurdled by the electrode's Faradaic efficiency, current density, and inevitable mixing with the unreacted CO2. A concentrated gaseous product with high purity will greatly lower the barrier for large-scale CO2 fixation and follow-up industrial usage. Here, we developed a pneumatic trough setup to collect the CO2 reduction product from a precisely engineered nanotwinned electrocatalyst, without using ion-exchange membrane. The silver catalyst's twin boundary density can be tuned from 0.3 to 1.5 × 104 cm-1. With the lengthy and winding twin boundaries, this catalyst exhibits a Faradaic efficiency up to 92% at -1.0 V and a turnover frequency of 127 s-1 in converting CO2 to CO. Through a tandem electrochemical-CVD system, we successfully produced CO with a volume percentage of up to 52%, and further transformed it into single layer graphene film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Taishi Xiao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhengzong Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Microelectronics and State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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23
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Masel RI, Liu Z, Yang H, Kaczur JJ, Carrillo D, Ren S, Salvatore D, Berlinguette CP. An industrial perspective on catalysts for low-temperature CO 2 electrolysis. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:118-128. [PMID: 33432206 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to useful products at temperatures below 100 °C is nearing the commercial scale. Pilot units for CO2 conversion to CO are already being tested. Units to convert CO2 to formic acid are projected to reach pilot scale in the next year. Further, several investigators are starting to observe industrially relevant rates of the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to ethanol and ethylene, with the hydrogen needed coming from water. In each case, Faradaic efficiencies of 80% or more and current densities above 200 mA cm-2 can be reproducibly achieved. Here we describe the key advances in nanocatalysts that lead to the impressive performance, indicate where additional work is needed and provide benchmarks that others can use to compare their results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shaoxuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danielle Salvatore
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Curtis P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Fu X, Zhang J, Kang Y. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 towards multi-carbon products via a two-step process. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The two-step electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products with a high selectivity and production rate of industrial relevance provides an alternative route for converting CO2 to fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbiao Fu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yijin Kang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
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