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Corsaro D, Müller KD, Mosel F, Jastrow H, Walochnik J, Michel R. On predatory fungi feeding on free-living amoebae harbouring yeast-like endoparasites. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2385-2392. [PMID: 37561177 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Amoebae of the genus Vannella isolated from an ornamental fish aquarium were found to be infected with fungi. Upon plate culture, amoeba-trapping hyphal filaments were developed, and the amoeba trophozoites were found to harbour yeast-like parasites in their cytoplasm. Transfection of hyphae to a laboratory strain of Vannella resulted in the formation of conidia indicating the possible presence of zygomycetes of the genus Acaulopage, while efforts to culture the endoparasite remained unsuccessful. Biomolecular analysis based on rDNA revealed the presence of two distinct types of fungi, confirming the filamentous form as Acaulopage sp. (Zoopagomycota, Zoopagales) and identifying the yeast-like endoparasite as Cladosporium sp. (Ascomycota, Cladosporiales). To our knowledge, this is the first report of amoebae infected with Cladosporium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Corsaro
- CHLAREAS, 12 Rue du Maconnais, 54500, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Karl-Dieter Müller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Mosel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Jastrow
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Michel
- , Wiedhöhe 2, 56581, Melsbach, Germany
- Department of Pathology/Electron Microscopy, Central Military Hospital Koblenz, Andernacher Straße 100, 56070, Koblenz, Germany
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Transcontinental Dispersal of Nonendemic Fungal Pathogens through Wooden Handicraft Imports. mBio 2022; 13:e0107522. [PMID: 35766379 PMCID: PMC9426497 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01075-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the viability and diversity of fungi harbored in imported wooden handicraft products sold in six retail stores in Florida, United States. Despite being subjected to trade regulations that require various sterilization/fumigation protocols, our study demonstrates high survival and diversity of fungi in wood products originating from at least seven countries on three continents. Among these fungi were nonendemic plant and human pathogens, as well as mycotoxin producers. Several products that are sold for use in food preparation and consumption harbored a novel (to North America) plant and human pathogen, Paecilomyces formosus. In addition, a high number of species isolated were thermophilic and included halophilic species, suggesting adaptability and selection through current wood treatment protocols that utilize heat and/or fumigation with methyl-bromide. This research suggests that current federal guidelines for imports of wooden goods are not sufficient to avoid the transit of potential live pathogens and demonstrates the need to increase safeguards at both points of origin and entry for biosecurity against introduction from invasive fungal species in wood products. Future import regulations should consider living fungi, their tolerance to extreme conditions, and their potential survival in solid substrates. Mitigation efforts may require additional steps such as more stringent fumigation and/or sterilization strategies and limiting use of wood that has not been processed to remove bark and decay.
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Wu H, Wong JWC. The role of oxidative stress in the growth of the indoor mold Cladosporium cladosporioides under water dynamics. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:117-125. [PMID: 31618482 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Moisture is one of the critical abiotic factors that can affect mold growth. Indoor humidity is typically fluctuating, which renders a transient water supply for mold growth. Understanding mold growth under water dynamics and its underlying mechanisms can help in the development of novel and sustainable mold prevention strategies. In this study, pre-germination and germinated spores of Cladosporium cladosporioides were exposed to daily wet-dry cycles with different combinations of wetting and drying duration. Afterward, growth delay, cellular H2 O2 concentration, and catalase (CAT) activity were measured and compared. We found that under daily wet-dry cycles, the longer the growth delay was observed, the higher the cellular H2 O2 concentration was detected, with the 12-12 wet-dry cycle (12-hour wet and 12-hour dry) showing the longest growth delay and highest cellular H2 O2 production. A positive correlation between cellular H2 O2 concentration and growth delay was suggested by Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis (P < .0001, R2 = 0.85). Furthermore, under daily wet-dry cycles, molds derived from pre-germination spores generally exhibited shorter growth delay, lower cellular H2 O2 concentration, and higher CAT activity than molds developed from germinated spores. These results together suggest that the growth delay of C. cladosporioides under water dynamics is associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Wu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Jonathan Woon Chung Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
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Feline Phaeohyphomycotic Cerebellitis Caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides-complex: Case Report and Review of Literature. J Comp Pathol 2019; 170:78-85. [PMID: 31375163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old neutered male domestic cat. Gross lesions were limited to the cerebellum, which had a focally extensive dark brown-black, soft, irregular area affecting the cortex and white matter of the left hemisphere and extending to the reticular formation. Microscopically, multifocal pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional pigmented fungal hyphae effaced the cerebellar grey and white matter. Fungal hyphae were 3-6 μm in diameter, septate and non-dichotomously branched, with parallel, thin and slightly bulbous walls. Polymerase chain reaction for the internal transcribed spacer 1-2 ribosomal RNA genes was performed on tissue samples from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of cerebellum. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the fungal agent as Cladosporium cladosporioides. This is the first confirmed report of cerebellar phaeohyphomycosis attributable to C. cladosporioides-complex in a domestic cat.
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Disseminated melanized fungal infection due to Cladosporium halotolerans in a dog coinfected with canine adenovirus-1 and canine parvovirus-2. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:859-870. [PMID: 30997656 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents the pathologic findings associated with disseminated infection due to Cladosporium halotolerans in a dog that was simultaneously infected with canine adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) and canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). A 12-year-old, mixed breed dog, with a clinical history of neurological manifestations was submitted for routine autopsy due to poor prognosis. The principal pathologic findings were mycotic necrotizing nephritis, hepatitis, and splenitis with embolic dissemination to the brain resulting in mycotic necrotizing meningoencephalitis, ventriculitis, choroid plexitis, and obstructive hydrocephalus associated with intralesional and intravascular septate pigmented fungi. PCR and sequencing of the ITS region of fungi revealed that the intralesional fungal organisms had 82% nucleotide identity with members of the Cladosporium sphaerospermum complex of organisms. However, a PCR assay and sequencing of the beta tubulin gene confirmed that the organism identified in this dog had 100% nucleotide sequence identity with C. halotolerans. Using immunohistochemistry, intralesional antigens of CAdV-1 were identified within the epithelial cells of the liver and lungs; there was positive immunolabeling for CPV-2 antigens in degenerated cardiomyocytes. These findings confirmed the active participation of C. halotolerans in the development of disseminated cladosporiosis in this dog and represent a rare occurrence of concomitant infection with CAdV-1 and CPV-2.
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Elad D. Disseminated canine mold infections. Vet J 2019; 243:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Dedeaux A, Grooters A, Wakamatsu-Utsuki N, Taboada J. Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Small Animals. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018; 54:327-337. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Opportunistic fungal infections have long been recognized as rare causes of disease in immunocompetent dogs and cats. Recently, the escalating use of multiagent immunosuppression protocols (especially those that include cyclosporine) has resulted in an increased number of patients with opportunistic fungal infection encountered by small animal practitioners and has altered the typical case phenotype. Based on histologic and cytologic features such as pigmentation, hyphal diameter, and distribution in tissue, these opportunistic mycoses can be placed into categories such as phaeohyphomycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, and eumycotic mycetoma. This review aims to summarize the clinical presentations, methods for diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and prognosis for both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients with opportunistic fungal infections. An example case description is included to illustrate the most common current clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dedeaux
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Amy Grooters
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu-Utsuki
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Joseph Taboada
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Frade MT, Ferreira JS, Nascimento MJ, Aquino VV, Macêdo IL, Carneiro RS, Souza AP, Dantas AF. Doenças do sistema nervoso central em cães. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO: São descritas doenças do sistema nervoso central (SNC) em cães diagnosticadas no sertão da Paraíba. Os registros de necropsia de 1.205 cães foram revisados. Em 354 casos (29,38%) foram registrados história clínica de alterações do sistema nervoso. Duzentos e noventa e seis casos tiveram diagnóstico definitivo e 58 foram inconclusivos. As doenças infecciosas foram observadas em 59,60% (211/354) de casos que representam a principal causa de distúrbios neurológicos; 53% dos casos (186/354) foram representadas por doenças virais; 3,11% (11/354) foram de etiologia parasitária, 2,54% (9/354) foram causadas por bactérias e 1,41% (5/354) por fungos. Os agentes físicos representaram a segunda causa mais importante de transtornos do SNC com 9,89% (35/354) e os tumores a terceira causa com 5,93% (21/354). Outras alterações pouco frequentes foram alterações metabólicas secundárias a insuficiência hepática ou renal, representando 2,54% (9/354). Casos raros de hidrocefalia congênita foram observados, 1,41% (5/354). Os casos de manifestações neurológicas associadas a alterações vasculares, degenerativas e inflamatórias não infecciosas, muitas das quais uma causa específica não foi estabelecida representaram 4,24% (15/354); Estavam dentro das seguintes categorias de doenças: Infartos isquêmicos e hemorrágicos (6/15), necrose vascular fibrinoide (5/15), doença do disco intervertebral (2/15), meningoencefalite granulomatosa (1/15) e granuloma de colesterol (1/15). Os distúrbios do sistema nervoso central representam uma importante causa de morte ou eutanásia em cães na região semiárida da Paraíba. Os sinais clínicos variaram de acordo com o agente envolvido, localização e distribuição das lesões. O conhecimento dos principais agentes que pode afetar o SNC canino é importante ao fazer uma lista de diagnóstico diferencial.
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Environmental Sustainability and Mold Hygiene in Buildings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040681. [PMID: 29617339 PMCID: PMC5923723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental sustainability is one of the key issues in building management. In Hong Kong, one of the initiatives is to reduce the operation hours of air-conditioning in buildings to cut down energy consumption. In this study, we reported a mold contamination case in a newly refurbished laboratory, in which the air-conditioner was switched from 24- to 18-h mode after refurbishment. In order to prevent mold recurrence, the air-conditioner was switched back to 24-h mode in the laboratory. During the mold investigation, visible mold patches in the laboratory were searched and then cultured, counted and identified. Building and environmental conditions were recorded, and used to deduce different causes of mold contamination. Eight contaminated sites including a wall, a bench, some metal and plastic surfaces and seven types of molds including two Cladosporium spp., two Aspergillus spp., one Rhizopus sp., one Trichoderma sp., and one Tritirachium sp. were identified. Cladosporium spp. were the most abundant and frequently found molds in the laboratory. The contaminated areas could have one to five different species on them. Based on the mold and environmental conditions, several scenarios causing the mold contamination were deduced, and different mold control measures were discussed to compare them with the current solution of using 24-h air-conditioning to control mold growth. This study highlights the importance of mold hygiene in sustainable building management.
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Spano M, Zuliani D, Peano A, Bertazzolo W. Cladosporium cladosporioides
-complex infection in a mixed-breed dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:150-153. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Peano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
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Bentley RT, Taylor AR, Thomovsky SA. Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System in Small Animals: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2017; 48:63-83. [PMID: 28988704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small animal mycoses vary geographically. Different clinical presentations are seen in animals with infection of the central nervous system (CNS), including multifocal meningoencephalomyelitis, intracranial lesions that accompany sinonasal lesions, rapidly progressive ventriculitis, or solitary granuloma of the brain or spinal cord. Systemic, nasal, or extraneural clinical signs are common but, especially in granuloma cases, do not always occur. Surgery may have a diagnostic and therapeutic role in CNS granuloma. There have been recent advancements in serology. Fluconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole cross the blood-brain barrier, but voriconazole is neurotoxic to cats. Liposomal and lipid-encapsulated formulations of amphotericin B are preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timothy Bentley
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Lynn Hall, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Amanda R Taylor
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Greene Hall, 1130 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Stephanie A Thomovsky
- Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Lynn Hall, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Verneuil M, Durand B, Marcon C, Guillot J. Conjunctival and cutaneous fungal flora in clinically normal dogs in southern France. J Mycol Med 2014; 24:25-8. [PMID: 24411176 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to describe the fungal flora of the conjunctiva in clinically normal dogs in southern France and to compare the fungal flora from the conjunctiva and that from adjacent skin areas (medial canthus and nose). Fifty dogs aged from 5 months to 13 years were investigated for conjunctival fungal flora. Specimens were obtained from both conjunctivae and the skin of the medial canthus and from the surface of the nose using sterile cotton-wool swabs and a piece of sterile carpet, respectively. Identification of fungal colonies was achieved recording the genus level on the basis of macro- and microscopic features. Fourteen fungal genera (most frequently Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus) were isolated from the conjunctival fornix of 7 dogs (14%). There was no significant effect of sex or age on frequency of fungal isolation. Eleven dogs (22%) had a positive mycological culture from at least one eye. Fungi found in the conjunctival fornix of dogs might represent transient seeding from the environment, as suspected in other animal species. The presence of conjunctival fungal organisms was correlated to the presence of fungi on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verneuil
- Clinique vétérinaire, 18, chemin du Micocoulier, 83490 Le Muy, France.
| | - B Durand
- Epidemiology, LSA, ANSES, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - C Marcon
- Parasitology-Mycology dept, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Guillot
- Parasitology-Mycology dept, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Abstract
Emerging fungal diseases due to black yeasts and relatives in domestic or wild animals and in invertebrates or cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates are continually being reported, either as novel pathogens or as familiar pathogens affecting new species of hosts. Different epidemiological situations can be distinguished, i.e., occurrence as single infections or as zoonoses, and infection may occur sporadically in otherwise healthy hosts. Such infections are found mostly in mammals but also in cold-blooded animals, are frequently subcutaneous or cerebral, and bear much similarity to human primary disorders. Infections of the nervous system are mostly fatal, and the source and route of infection are currently unknown. A third epidemiological situation corresponds to pseudoepidemics, i.e., infection of a large host population due to a common source. It is often observed and generally hypothesized that the susceptible animals are under stress, e.g., due to poor housing conditions of mammals or to a change of basins in the case of fishes. The descriptions in this article represent an overview of the more commonly reported and recurring black fungi and the corresponding diseases in different types of animals.
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Llorente C, Bárcena A, Vera Bahima J, Saparrat MCN, Arambarri AM, Rozas MF, Mirífico MV, Balatti PA. Cladosporium cladosporioides LPSC 1088 produces the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin-like compound and carries a putative pks gene. Mycopathologia 2012; 174:397-408. [PMID: 22714980 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cladosporium cladosporioides is a dematiaceous fungus with coloured mycelia and conidia due to the presence of dark pigments. The purpose of this study was to characterize the dark pigments synthetized by Cladosporium sp. LPSC no. 1088 and also to identify the putative polyketide synthase (pks) gene that might be involved in the pigment biosynthesis. Morphological as well as molecular features like the ITS sequence confirmed that LPSC 1088 is Cladosporium cladosporioides. UV-visible, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy analysis as well as melanin inhibitors suggest that the main dark pigment of the isolate was 1,8 dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin-type compound. Two commercial fungicides, Difenoconazole and Chlorothalonil, inhibited fungal growth as well as increased pigmentation of the colonies suggesting that melanin might protect the fungus against chemical stress. The pigment is most probably synthetized by means of a pentaketide pathway since the sequence of a 651 bp fragment, coding for a putative polyketide synthase, is highly homologous to pks sequences from other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Llorente
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, CCT-La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diag 113 y 61, CC 327, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Bentley RT, Faissler D, Sutherland-Smith J. Successful management of an intracranial phaeohyphomycotic fungal granuloma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 239:480-5. [PMID: 21838585 DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.4.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 12-month-old castrated male Boxer was examined because of signs of acute, progressive intracranial disease. CLINICAL FINDINGS Cytologic and histologic findings were consistent with an intracranial fungal granuloma in the right cerebral hemisphere. Fungal culture yielded a Cladophialophora sp. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The granuloma was surgically debulked to remove infected brain tissue and the avascular purulent core. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with fluconazole (2.3 mg/kg [1 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for 4 months, followed by voriconazole (3.4 mg/kg [1.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for a further 10 months. The outcome was considered excellent on the basis of resolution of neurologic signs and a lack of evidence of recurrence of the granuloma during magnetic resonance imaging and CSF analysis 8 months after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging and CSF analysis 9 weeks after administration of antifungal medications was discontinued (16 months after surgery) confirmed resolution. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intracranial phaeohyphomycosis in small animals is rare and is most commonly associated with Cladophialophora infection. Phaeohyphomycosis frequently causes a focal granuloma, whereas other fungal infections typically cause diffuse meningoencephalitis. In all previous reports of phaeohyphomycosis of the CNS in dogs, treatment has been limited to medical management with conventional antifungal drugs and had failed to prevent death. The present report suggested that combined management of granulomas with surgery and newer triazole medications such as voriconazole may represent a novel strategy that improves the prognosis for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Olias P, Jacobsen ID, Gruber AD. Fungal species identification from avian lung specimens by single hypha laser microdissection and PCR product sequencing. Med Mycol 2011; 49:56-61. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.497172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Giri DK, Sims WP, Sura R, Cooper JJ, Gavrilov BK, Mansell J. Cerebral and Renal Phaeohyphomycosis in a Dog Infected With Bipolaris Species. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:754-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810375239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycotic meningoencephalitis in dogs may manifest as a primary disease of the central nervous system or as a part of disseminated infection. Fungi belonging to the genus Bipolaris are saprophytic plant pathogens and can cause disease in humans. The authors report a case of Bipolaris infection in a dog with granulomatous meningoencephalitis, nephritis, and vasculitis. The clinical and histological features resembled those of the more common aspergillosis, thus warranting confirmation by molecular methods. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis identified Bipolaris from the brain lesion, indicating its involvement in the disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of meningoencephalitis caused by this fungus in a domestic animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Giri
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - W. P. Sims
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - R. Sura
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - J. J. Cooper
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - B. K. Gavrilov
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - J. Mansell
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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