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Dos Santos RC, Estrela-Lima A, Conrado-Dos-Santos WL, Oriá A, de Sousa Gonçalves R, Silva DN, Larangeira DF, do Socorro Pires E Cruz M, de Pinho FA, Barrouin-Melo SM. A compared histopathological study on kidneys and eye bulbs in distinct clinical presentations of canine leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2243-2261. [PMID: 38717733 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) caused by Leishmania infantum commonly progresses with renal and ophthalmic lesions associated with active systemic disease. As chronic inflammation related to immune complex deposits is a pathophysiological factor in the development of both glomerulonephritis and uveitis, we aimed to evaluate renal and ocular histopathological lesions and analyze whether they were related to each other and the clinical degree of the disease. For that, we evaluated 15 dogs from CanL-endemic areas. L. infantum PCR-positive dogs were studied according to disease severity into two different groups: Group-1 (G1) had data from seven dogs with mild to moderate CanL and no history of treatment, and G2 was formed with eight dogs with severe to terminal disease that had not responded to CanL treatment. Histopathological analysis of kidneys showed higher frequencies and intensities of glomerular basement membrane thickening (p = 0.026), deposits in glomeruli (p = 0.016), epithelial necrosis (p = 0.020), tubular dilatation (p = 0.003) and interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.04) in G2 dogs than in G1 dogs. Surprisingly, the histopathology of eye bulbs showed a higher frequency and intensity of retinitis (p = 0.019) in G1 dogs than in G2 dogs. The comparative analysis showed that there was no correspondence between histopathological findings in kidneys versus eyes in milder or more severe CanL. Our findings suggested that (1) clinically undetectable eye alterations can be more precocious than those in kidneys in the development of CanL, and (2) the lower frequency of eye lesions and higher frequency of renal lesions in dogs with terminal disease even after treatment indicate that therapy may have been effective in reducing CanL-associated ophthalmic disease but not proportionally in reducing kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseclea Chagas Dos Santos
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Milton Santos, 500, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 40170-110.
| | | | - Arianne Oriá
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Sousa Gonçalves
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Danielle Nascimento Silva
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniela Farias Larangeira
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectiology - Zoonotic Leishmaniasis Clinic, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria do Socorro Pires E Cruz
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), University Campus Minister Petrônio Portella, Teresina-PI, Brazil
| | - Flaviane Alves de Pinho
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectiology - Zoonotic Leishmaniasis Clinic, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine (HOSPMEV) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology, and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectiology - Zoonotic Leishmaniasis Clinic, HOSPMEV, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Milton Santos, 500, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 40170-110.
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Alves AF, Pereira RDA, Rodrigues MA, Campos LS, do Carmo DD, de Abreu Teles PP, Andrade HM, de Araújo SA, Gomes DA, Tafuri WL. Leishmania (L.) infantum BH401 strain induces classic renal lesions in dogs: Histological and confocal microscopy study. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108342. [PMID: 35987406 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations in visceral leishmaniasis are related mainly to collagen deposition (fibropoiesis). In canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), an intense fibrosis associated to chronic inflammation in organs such as kidneys is described. However, renal fibropoiesis has not been described in natural or experimental infections with L. (L.) infantum. We aimed to characterize renal nephropathies by histology and confocal microscopy comparing renal lesions in dogs naturally and experimentally infected with L. (L.) infantum. Sixty-two mixed-breed symptomatic dogs naturally infected with L. (L.) infantum, sixteen beagles experimentally infected with two strains of L. infantum (eleven dogs with the BH400 strain and five dogs with the BH401 strain), and four uninfected beagles (controls) were used. Samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin for routine histology. Congo red was used to visualize amyloid protein deposits, periodic acid-Schiff to identify glomerular basal membrane anomalies, Masson's trichrome for collagen deposits, and Jones' methenamine silver to reveal membranous glomerulonephropathy. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify Leishmania amastigotes, and confocal microscopy was used for macrophage characterization (L1/calprotectin and CD163 antigen receptors). The most common lesions were chronic glomerular and interstitial nephritis, which was found in all naturally infected dogs and dogs experimentally infected with L. infantum strain BH401 but not with the BH400 strain. Glomeruloesclerosis was the main lesion presented in all BH401 group. Morphometric analysis revealed positive correlation of renal glomeruli tufts with cellular expression of L1/calprotectin and CD163 antigens. Leishmania infantum strain BH401 shows pathogenicity that may be sufficient to induce classic chronic visceral renal leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Francisco Alves
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, CEP 58050-585, Brazil
| | - Ramon de Alencar Pereira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michele A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Soares Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Dias do Carmo
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo de Abreu Teles
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helida Monteiro Andrade
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stanley Almeida de Araújo
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCBI), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Departamento de Imunologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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3
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Yau W, Mausbach L, Littman MP, Cianciolo RE, Brown CA. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Related Miniature Schnauzer Dogs. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:277-285. [PMID: 29191133 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817736356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) recently has been recognized as a common cause of proteinuria in dogs in general, and in Miniature Schnauzer dogs in particular. This study describes the morphologic features present in the kidneys of 8 related proteinuric Miniature Schnauzer dogs. The FSGS, characterized by solidification of portions of the capillary tuft, affected 32% to 49% of examined glomeruli in these dogs. Synechiae, often accompanied by hyalinosis, were present in 13% to 54% of glomeruli and were more prevalent in older dogs. Seven of 8 dogs had arteriolar hyalinosis. Ultrastructurally, all dogs had evidence of a podocytopathy in the absence of electron-dense deposits, glomerular basement membrane splitting, or fibrils. All dogs had multifocal to extensive podocyte foot process effacement. Other podocyte changes included microvillous transformation, the presence of vacuoles or protein resorption droplets, cytoplasmic electron-dense aggregates, and occasional binucleation. Variable amounts of intraglomerular lipid were present in all dogs. All dogs were proteinuric, with measured values for the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ranging from 1.2 to 6.5. Azotemia was mild to absent and dogs were euthanatized at 5.1 to 14 years of age, in all cases due to nonrenal diseases. The underlying cause of FSGS in these Miniature Schnauzer dogs has yet to be determined, but contributors likely include genetic podocytopathy, lipid abnormalities, and glomerular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Yau
- 1 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Meryl P Littman
- 3 Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel E Cianciolo
- 4 Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cathy A Brown
- 1 Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,5 Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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4
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Aresu L, Martini V, Benali SL, Brovida C, Cianciolo RE, Dalla Riva R, Trez D, Van Der Lugt JJ, Van Dongen A, Zini E. European Veterinary Renal Pathology Service: A Survey Over a 7-Year Period (2008-2015). J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1459-1468. [PMID: 28763127 PMCID: PMC5598877 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The European Veterinary Renal Pathology Service (EVRPS) is the first Web‐based registry for canine renal biopsy specimens in Europe. Hypothesis/Objectives The aim was to verify whether differences exist between the clinical and laboratory presentation of dogs with nephropathy according to renal pathological findings, as defined by light and electron microscopy of renal biopsy specimens submitted to EVRPS. Animals Renal biopsy specimens of dogs were collected from the archive of the service (n = 254). Cases were included if both light and electron microscopy were available (n = 162). Methods Renal biopsy specimens were classified based on the morphological diagnoses. Thereafter, they were grouped into 3 disease categories, including immune‐complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN), non‐immune‐complex‐mediated GN (non‐ICGN), and renal lesions not otherwise specified (RL‐NOS). Differences among morphological diagnoses and among disease categories were investigated for clinical and laboratory variables. Results Serum albumin concentration was lower in dogs with ICGN than in those with non‐ICGN (P = 0.006) or RL‐NOS (P = 0.000), and the urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC) was significantly higher in ICGN than in the other 2 disease categories. Regarding morphological diagnoses, albumin was significantly lower in amyloidosis (AMY) and membranous (MGN), membranoproliferative (MPGN) or mixed glomerulonephritis (MixGN) than in minimal change disease, primary (FSGS I) or secondary (FSGS II) focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and juvenile nephropathies (JN). The UPC was higher in MPGN than in FSGS I and FSGS II. Conclusions and clinical importance Dogs with ICGN, in particular MPGN, had higher protein loss than those with non‐ICGN or RL‐NOS, leading to more severe hypoalbuminemia. Clinical and laboratory differentiation among dogs with the different morphological diagnoses and among dogs with different disease categories was difficult due to overlapping results.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - V Martini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S L Benali
- La Vallonea Laboratory, Alessano, Le, Italy
| | - C Brovida
- Ospedale Veterinario ANUBI Strada Genova, Moncalieri, Italy
| | - R E Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - R Dalla Riva
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - D Trez
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | | | - A Van Dongen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,and Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, Italy
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5
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Clinical and histopathological features resembling those of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a cat with nonimmune-mediated glomerulonephropathy. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:251. [PMID: 26445234 PMCID: PMC4596470 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonimmune-mediated glomerulonephropathies are rarely reported in domestic animals with the exception of amyloidosis. Here we describe the pathological features and clinical course of a feline with protein-losing nonimmune-mediated glomerulonephropathy characterized by segmental glomerulosclerosis and severe podocyte injury. Case presentation A castrated male Japanese domestic cat aged 3 years and 8 months had hypertension, persistent proteinuria, and azotemia. Microscopic examination of a renal biopsy revealed many glomeruli with adhesion to the Bowman’s capsule and segmental sclerosis. The most characteristic ultrastructural glomerular feature was severe podocyte foot process effacement. No electron-dense deposits were observed. Immunofluorescence revealed no immune deposits, but abnormal expression of nephrin and podocin was detected in the glomeruli. These findings resemble those of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The cat temporarily responded to treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and prednisolone administration but died of progressive renal failure 32 months after biopsy. Conclusions The cat was diagnosed with nonimmune mediated glomerulonephropathy because of the absence of immune deposits and severe podocyte injury. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nonimmune-mediated glomerulonephropathy in a cat resembling human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Lavoué R, Trumel C, Smets PMY, Braun JP, Aresu L, Daminet S, Concordet D, Palanché F, Peeters D. Characterization of Proteinuria in Dogue de Bordeaux Dogs, a Breed Predisposed to a Familial Glomerulonephropathy: A Retrospective Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133311. [PMID: 26181659 PMCID: PMC4504498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogue de Bordeaux dog has been reported to be predisposed to a familial glomerulonephropathy that displays some morphological modifications reported in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Prevalence of quantitatively abnormal renal proteinuria was recently reported to be 33% in this breed. The nature of the proteinuria was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and determinations of urinary markers (urinary retinol-binding protein, urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, urinary albumin and urinary immunoglobulin G) on stored specimens. Diagnostic performances of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis to identify dogs with elevated urinary biomarkers were assessed. Samples from 102 adult Dogue de Bordeaux dogs (47 non-proteinuric [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≤ 0.2], 20 borderline-proteinuric [0.2< urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≤ 0.5] and 35 proteinuric dogs [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >0.5]) were used, of which 2 were suffering from familial glomerulonephropathy. The electrophoretic protein patterns, for all but one proteinuric dog, were indicative of a glomerular origin and, in all dogs, the urinary albumin concentration related to creatinine concentration and the urinary immunoglobulin G concentration related to creatinine concentration were above the upper limit of the reference interval established for the breed. Sensitivity and specificity of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis identifying dogs with elevated urinary albumin concentration were 94% and 92%, respectively, while diagnostic performance of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis in detecting dogs with elevated urinary immunoglobulin G concentration yielded sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 74%, respectively. These results suggest that all proteinuric and some borderline-proteinuric Dogue de Bordeaux dogs likely have underlying glomerular lesions and that sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and urinary markers might be useful to screen dogs with borderline-proteinuria. Additional investigations are warranted to assess if these findings are related to the familial glomerulonephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lavoué
- Internal Medicine Unit, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale M. Y. Smets
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Didier Concordet
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Palanché
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Peeters
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Cianciolo RE, Mohr FC, Aresu L, Brown CA, James C, Jansen JH, Spangler WL, van der Lugt JJ, Kass PH, Brovida C, Cowgill LD, Heiene R, Polzin DJ, Syme H, Vaden SL, van Dongen AM, Lees GE. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Renal Pathology Initiative: Classification of Glomerular Diseases in Dogs. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:113-35. [PMID: 25957358 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815579996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of canine renal biopsy tissue has generally relied on light microscopic (LM) evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections ranging in thickness from 3 to 5 µm. Advanced modalities, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence (IF), have been used sporadically or retrospectively. Diagnostic algorithms of glomerular diseases have been extrapolated from the World Health Organization classification scheme for human glomerular disease. With the recent establishment of 2 veterinary nephropathology services that evaluate 3-µm sections with a panel of histochemical stains and routinely perform TEM and IF, a standardized objective species-specific approach for the diagnosis of canine glomerular disease was needed. Eight veterinary pathologists evaluated 114 parameters (lesions) in renal biopsy specimens from 89 dogs. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the data revealed 2 large categories of glomerular disease based on the presence or absence of immune complex deposition: The immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN) category included cases with histologic lesions of membranoproliferative or membranous patterns. The second category included control dogs and dogs with non-ICGN (glomerular amyloidosis or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). Cluster analysis performed on only the LM parameters led to misdiagnosis of 22 of the 89 cases-that is, ICGN cases moved to the non-ICGN branch of the dendrogram or vice versa, thereby emphasizing the importance of advanced diagnostic modalities in the evaluation of canine glomerular disease. Salient LM, TEM, and IF features for each pattern of disease were identified, and a preliminary investigation of related clinicopathologic data was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F C Mohr
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L Aresu
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Dipartimento di Biomedicina comparata e Alimentazione, Università di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - C A Brown
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - C James
- IDEXX Laboratories, Ltd., Wetherby, United Kingdom
| | - J H Jansen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - J J van der Lugt
- IDEXX Europe, BV, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P H Kass
- Department of Population Health and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C Brovida
- ANUBI Ospedale per Animali da Compagnia, Moncalieri, Italy
| | - L D Cowgill
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Heiene
- Blue Star Animal Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden PetVett Dyresykehus, Oslo, Norway Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - D J Polzin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - H Syme
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - S L Vaden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - A M van Dongen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G E Lees
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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8
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McLeland SM, Cianciolo RE, Duncan CG, Quimby JM. A comparison of biochemical and histopathologic staging in cats with chronic kidney disease. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:524-34. [PMID: 25516066 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814561095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in elderly cats. Frequently, a diagnosis is made in later stages of disease, by which time many renal lesions are irreversible. As such, little headway has been made in identifying an etiology and preventing this common disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and severity of both reversible and irreversible histopathologic changes in the kidneys of cats at each stage of CKD and, in addition, to determine if lesion prevalence and character were different between stages. A total of 46 cats with CKD were classified according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) as stage I (3 cats), stage II (16 cats), stage III (14 cats), and stage IV (13 cats). Eleven young, nonazotemic and 10 geriatric, nonazotemic cats were included as controls. The severity of tubular degeneration, interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis was significantly greater in later stages of CKD compared with early stages of disease. Proteinuria was associated with increased severity of tubular degeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, tubular epithelial single-cell necrosis, and decreased normal parenchyma. Presence of hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, fibrointimal hyperplasia, or other vascular lesions were not found to be significantly different between hypertensive and normotensive cats. The greater prevalence and severity of irreversible lesions in stage III and IV CKD implies that therapeutic interventions should be targeted at earlier stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M McLeland
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R E Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C G Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J M Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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9
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Amaral LSB, Silva JA, Trindade TM, Ribas WBD, Macedo CL, Coimbra TM, Belo NO, Magalhaes ACM, Soares TJ. Renal changes in the early stages of diet-induced obesity in ovariectomized rats. Physiol Res 2014; 63:723-32. [PMID: 25157653 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between obesity and renal lesions, especially in low estrogen levels, has been less documented. The aim of this study was to assess the renal changes in diet-induced obesity in ovariectomized rats. Wistar rats were ovariectomized or sham-operated and divided into four groups: sham-operated rats fed a standard diet (SSD); ovariectomized rats fed a standard diet (OSD); sham-operated rats fed a high-fat diet (SHFD); ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat diet (OHFD). Body weight and blood pressure were measured weekly. The rats were killed 24 weeks after initiation of standard or high-fat diet treatment, the kidneys were removed for immunohistochemical and histological studies. Blood and urine samples were collected to quantify sodium, potassium and creatinine. OHFD rats presented increases in visceral adipose tissue, serum insulin levels, blood pressure and proteinuria, and a decrease in fractional excretion of sodium as well. Histological and morphometric studies showed focal alterations in the renal cortex. Expression of macrophages, lymphocytes, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), angiotensin II (ANG II) and vimentin was greater in OHFD rats than in control rats. Thus, these results demonstrate that the high-fat diet in ovariectomized rats promoted renal function and structure changes, renal interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells and increased expression of ANG II and NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S B Amaral
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil.
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Maddens B, Heiene R, Smets P, Svensson M, Aresu L, van der Lugt J, Daminet S, Meyer E. Evaluation of kidney injury in dogs with pyometra based on proteinuria, renal histomorphology, and urinary biomarkers. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:1075-83. [PMID: 21848947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinuria is a feature of pyometra-associated renal dysfunction, but its prevalence and clinical relevance are not well characterized. OBJECTIVES To define which subset of dogs with pyometra has clinically relevant kidney injury by quantification of proteinuria; light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic examination of kidney biopsy specimens; and measurement of urinary biomarkers. ANIMALS Forty-seven dogs with pyometra. Ten clinically healthy intact bitches of comparable age. METHODS Prospective study. Routine clinicopathological variables including urinary protein to creatinine ratio (UPC) were analyzed. Validated assays were used to quantify urinary biomarkers for glomerular (urinary albumin, urinary immunoglobulin G, urinary C-reactive protein, urinary thromboxane B(2)) and tubular function (urinary retinol-binding protein, urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase). Kidney biopsy specimens from 10 dogs with pyometra and dipstick urine protein concentrations of 2+ or 3+ were collected during ovariohysterectomy. Urinalysis was repeated within 3 weeks after surgery in 9 of the 10 dogs. RESULTS UPC (median, range) was significantly higher in dogs with pyometra (0.48, 0.05-8.69) compared with healthy bitches (0.08, 0.02-0.16) (P < .01). Twenty-two of 47 dogs with pyometra had UPC>0.5, 12 had UPC>1.0, and 7 had UPC>2.0. Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial nephritis were common kidney biopsy findings in proteinuric dogs with pyometra. Dogs with glomerulosclerosis (5/10), either global or focal and segmental, had UPC>1.0 at ovariohysterectomy and afterward. Dogs with structural glomerular and tubular changes mostly had urinary biomarker to creatinine ratios above the 75th percentile. CONCLUSION Dogs with pyometra and UPC>1.0 or high ratios of urinary biomarkers appear likely to have clinically relevant renal histologic lesions and require monitoring after ovariohysterectomy. Future studies should evaluate the role of pyometra-associated pathogenic mechanisms in causing or exacerbating focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Maddens
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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