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Menard M, Kurtz M, Duclos A, Vial J, Maurey C, Canonne-Guibert M, Fabrès V, Rosenberg D, Coyne M, Murphy R, Trumel C, Lavoué R, Benchekroun G. Description of serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration and of urinary SDS-AGE pattern in dogs with ACTH dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Vet J 2024; 305:106108. [PMID: 38580156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and patterns of urinary protein separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) have not been investigated as biomarkers in dogs with ACTH-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADHAC). This exploratory prospective study aimed to evaluate SDMA, serum creatinine (sCR), and SDS-AGE in dogs with ADHAC with and without proteinuria (ADHAC-P and ADHAC-nP, respectively). Thirty-five pet dogs classified as ADHAC-P (n=16), ADHAC-nP (n=6) and healthy (n=13) were included. Renal biomarkers were evaluated in all dogs at diagnosis. Baseline concentration of SDMA was not significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.15) whereas sCr was significantly lower in dogs in ADHAC dogs compared to healthy dogs (88.0 µmol/L [70.4-132.6; 79.2-114.4]) whether they had proteinuria or not (P = 0.014 and 0.002, respectively). However, baseline concentrations of sCr and SDMA were not significantly different between dogs with ADHAC-P dogs (SDMA, 8 µg/dL [5-12; 7-9]; sCr, 57.2 µmol/L [35.2-212.2; 52.8-92.4]) and ADHAC-nP dogs (SDMA, 8.5 µg/dL [7-13; 8-10]; sCr, 70.4 µmol/L [61.6-79.2; 61.6-70.4]) (P = 0.35 and P = 0.41, respectively). Proteinuria in dogs with ADHAC-P was mainly of glomerular origin (SDS-AGE pattern: glomerular in 10/16 dogs; mixed glomerular/tubular in four dogs). In our study, SDMA was neither significantly different in dogs with ADHAC whether they were proteinuric or not, nor between ADHAC and healthy dogs. Urinary electrophoresis provides additional information to the UPC and further investigations are needed to determine whether it may help identify dogs with ADHAC-P requiring specific antiproteinuric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Menard
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - M Kurtz
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - A Duclos
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - J Vial
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - C Maurey
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - M Canonne-Guibert
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - V Fabrès
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - D Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Micen Vet, Créteil, France
| | - M Coyne
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, United States
| | - R Murphy
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, United States
| | - C Trumel
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - R Lavoué
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - G Benchekroun
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Service de médecine interne, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France.
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2
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Granat FA, Trumel C, Braun JPD, Bourgès-Abella NH. Quality of hematology and clinical chemistry results in laboratory and zoo nonhuman primates: Effects of the preanalytical phase. A review. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:414-427. [PMID: 37612808 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Most errors in clinical pathology originate in the preanalytical phase, which includes all steps from the preparation of animals and equipment to the collection of the specimen and its management until analyzed. Blood is the most common specimen collected in nonhuman primates. Other specimens collected include urine, saliva, feces, and hair. The primary concern is the variability of blood hematology and biochemistry results due to sampling conditions with the effects of capture, restraint, and/or anesthesia. Housing and diet have fewer effects, with the exception of food restriction to reduce obesity. There has been less investigation regarding the impact of sampling conditions of nonblood specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny A Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire central de biologie médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Laboratoire central de biologie médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Launay M, Blond L, Geffre A, Trumel C, Layssol-Lamour C. Effect of needle gauge on pain and specimen quality of ultrasound-guided fine needle sampling without aspiration of the canine spleen. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:936-944. [PMID: 37461325 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications of splenic parenchyma are common ultrasonographic findings in dogs. Splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a rapid, safe procedure, routinely performed in veterinary institutions. However, 22-gauge (G) needle usually reported is selected according to general practice and the most appropriate needle size to be used remains unclear. The aim of this prospective, single-center, methods comparison study was to assess the effect of needle size on cytologic specimens' evaluation and animal welfare during the procedure. Dogs underwent ultrasound-guided splenic FNA using 23, 25, and 27G needles. Needles were compared based on initial and then detailed cytologic evaluation. The initial evaluation assessed overall cellularity, cell preservation, hemodilution, and detailed cytologic evaluation referred to exhaustive splenic components. Welfare evaluation was performed based on a scoring system. A total of 54 dogs were included in this study with 54 of 54 welfare evaluations and 35 of 54 cytologic evaluations by one or two European College of Veterinary Clinical Pathology-certified cytologists. The final cytologic diagnosis was unchanged regardless of the needle size. For the initial evaluation, 23G needles provided significantly higher cellularity than the 27G needles. For detailed cytologic evaluation, only the richness in mesothelial cells and stroma was affected by needle size. Pain induced by the procedures was considered low using 23, 25, and 27G needles with the 27G needle producing the least adverse reactions. Findings from the current study supported using needle gauges smaller than the previously published standard 22G needle for spleen ultrasound-guided fine needle nonaspiration in dogs. Due to higher cellularity and lower pain scores, authors recommend the use of 23G needles with a nonaspiration technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahéva Launay
- Department of Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Languedocia, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Blond
- Department of Imaging, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Languedocia, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Geffre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Layssol-Lamour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Chenal T, Guerlin M, Jurrus M, Tanté R, Granat F, Trumel C. What is your diagnosis? Additional cluster on the white blood cell differential scattergram using the Sysmex XN-V hematology analyzer in the blood of a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [PMID: 37612248 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Chenal
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Maud Guerlin
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Maxime Jurrus
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Rachel Tanté
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Granat
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, ENVT, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Guerlin M, Mourou K, Martini V, Soetart N, Comazzi S, Trumel C, Granat F. Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia in a Normoproteinemic Dog with Atypical Bimorphic Plasmacytoid Differentiation and Monoclonal Gammopathy. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050355. [PMID: 37235438 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old neutered female Small Munsterlander dog was presented for an insect bite. Physical examination revealed a poor body condition, a peripheral lymphadenomegaly, and suspected splenomegaly. A complete blood count (Sysmex XN-V) revealed marked leukocytosis with lymphocytosis and abnormal dot plots. An abnormal monomorphic lymphoid population and marked rouleaux formation were noted on the blood smear. Lymph node aspirates contained an atypical bimorphic population of lymphocytes, either with a plasmacytoid or a blastic appearance. This double population was also found in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, tonsils, and other tissues. Peripheral blood and lymph node clonality assays revealed clonal BCR gene rearrangement. Flow cytometry revealed a mixed population of small-sized B-cells (CD79a+ CD21+ MHCII+) and medium-sized B-cells (CD79a+ CD21- MHCII-) in lymph nodes and a dominant population of small-sized mature B-cells (CD21+ MHCII+) in peripheral blood. Though normoproteinemic, serum protein electrophoresis revealed an increased α2-globulin fraction with an atypical restricted peak, identified as monoclonal IgM by immunofixation. Urine protein immunofixation revealed a Bence-Jones proteinuria. A diagnosis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia was made. Chemotherapy was initiated, but the dog was euthanized 12 months after the initial presentation due to marked clinical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Guerlin
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Kévin Mourou
- Département des Animaux de Compagnie, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy L'Etoile, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Nicolas Soetart
- LabOniris-Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Science, Oniris-Nantes Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Granat
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UMR 1037, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Trumel C. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology, 7th edition. Marjory B.Brooks, Kendal E.Harr, Davis M.Seelig, Jane K.Wardrop, Douglas J.Weiss. Wiley Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 11 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA, ISBN 978–1–119‐50 053‐7. Hardcover, 1424 Pages, 2022, $349.99 (USD). Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Trumel
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport Université de Toulouse, ENVT; CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS Toulouse France
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Kondratjeva J, Pressanti C, Reynolds BS, Trumel C, Delverdier M, Normand AC, Soetart N, Guillot J, Cadiergues MC. Multifocal cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala spinifera with clinical resolution in an immunocompromised cat. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231164610. [PMID: 37123554 PMCID: PMC10141254 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231164610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 3-year-old neutered domestic shorthair cat with a long history of idiopathic immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia treated with ciclosporin and prednisolone was referred 2 months after the appearance of nodular dermatitis. A single pigmented nodule was present in the lateral carpal region of the right foreleg. The lesion was 7 mm in diameter, non-exudative and cutaneous to subcutaneous. Fine-needle aspiration of the mass revealed the presence of pigmented fungal elements. Excisional surgery was planned; in the meantime, a plaque-like lesion developed in the interorbital region. Histopathological examination confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis, and Exophiala spinifera was identified as the aetiological agent. Itraconazole, given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 8 weeks following surgery, enabled clinical resolution despite continued use of immunosuppressants. The follow-up was carried out over 14 weeks. Relevance and novel information This case report provides the first evidence of multifocal cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by E spinifera with clinical resolution after combined surgical and itraconazole treatment in an immunocompromised cat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charline Pressanti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University
of Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University
of Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- CREFRE (The Regional Centre for Functional
and Experimental Exploration Resources), University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse,
France
| | - Maxence Delverdier
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of
Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- IHAP (Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes),
University of Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Normand
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de
Paris), Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris,
France
| | | | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Dermatology, Parasitology and
Mycology, Oniris, Nantes, France
- University of Angers, University of Brest,
IRF, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Marie Christine Cadiergues
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University
of Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- INFINITy (Toulouse Institute for Infectious
and Inflammatory Diseases), University of Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse,
France
- Marie Christine Cadiergues DrMedVet, PhD, EBVS
Specialist in Veterinary Dermatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of
Toulouse, ENVT, 23, Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse 31076, France
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Layssol-Lamour CJ, Granat FA, Sahal AM, Braun JPD, Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella NH. Improving the Quality of EDTA-treated Blood Specimens from Mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2022; 61:188-194. [PMID: 35022109 PMCID: PMC8956217 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonterminal blood sampling in laboratory mice is a very common procedure. With the goal of improving animal welfare, different sampling sites and methods have been compared but have not achieved a consensus. Moreover, most of these studies overlooked the quality of blood specimens collected. The main preanalytical concern with EDTA-treated blood specimens for hematology analyses is platelet aggregation, which is known to cause analytical errors. Our objective was to find a nonterminal blood sampling method with minimal adverse effects on mice and few or no platelet aggregates. We tested and compared 2 collection sites, 4 sampling methods, and 3 antithrombotic drugs in 80 C57BL6/j male and female mice by evaluating platelet aggregates on blood smears and platelet, WBC, and RBC counts. In addition, the blood collection process was carefully evaluated, and adverse effects were recorded. Platelet aggregation was lower in specimens collected from the jugular vein than from the facial vein, with no effect of the sampling device or the presence of an antithrombotic additive. Highly aggregated specimens were significantly associated with lower platelet counts, whereas aggregation had no effect on WBC or RBC counts. Adverse events during sampling were significantly associated with more numerous platelet aggregates. The jugular vein is thus a satisfactory sampling site in mice in terms of both animal welfare and low platelet aggregation. Using antithrombotic agents appears to be unnecessary, whereas improving sampling conditions remains a key requirement to ensure the quality of EDTA-treated blood specimens from mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Layssol-Lamour
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| | - Fanny A Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSE=RM, Université de Toulouse; and
| | - Ambrine M Sahal
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSE=RM, Université de Toulouse; and
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| | - Nathalie H Bourgès-Abella
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
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Mantelli MI, Roques BB, Blanchard TA, Mounier M, Quincey M, Jolivet FB, Jousserand NP, Marchand A, Diquélou AN, Reynolds BS, Coyne M, Trumel C, Lefebvre HP, Concordet D, Lavoué R. Short course of immune-suppressive doses of prednisolone, evaluated through a prospective double-masked placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy Beagles, is associated with sustained modifications in renal, hydration, and electrolytic status. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:434-442. [PMID: 35175932 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.09.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and duration of orally administered prednisolone on renal function evaluated by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determination and creatinine (Cr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations as well as on urinalysis, electrolytes, and hydric status in healthy dogs. ANIMALS 14 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES In this prospective double-masked placebo-controlled study, dogs were randomized after baseline evaluation to receive a 7-day course of either prednisolone (1.5 to 2.0 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) or a placebo. A repeated-measure design was performed, each dog participating in 4 successive sampling sessions. Clinical data, systolic blood pressure, CBC, and biochemical analyses including serum SDMA concentration, GFR determination, urine output quantification, and complete urinalysis were performed for all dogs the day before (D0) and at the end of steroid administration (D7) as well as 2 weeks (D21) and 4 weeks (D35) after the end of treatment. RESULTS At D7, when compared with baseline, GFR increased significantly in treated dogs, whereas creatinine and SDMA concentrations decreased significantly. GFR and Cr but not SDMA modifications persisted significantly at D21. None of the variables differed significantly from baseline at D35. The OR of presenting an albumin band on urine electrophoresis was 2.4 times as high in treated versus control dogs (OR, 36; 95% CI, 1.8 to 719.4; P = 0.02). CLINICAL RELEVANCE A short-term course of immune-suppressive prednisolone treatment in healthy dogs leads to a sustained but reversible renal hyperfiltration state. Modification in electrolytic variables can affect the clinical interpretation of blood work in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Mantelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - B B Roques
- Department of Physiology & Therapeutics, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Innovations thérapeutiques et résistances, Université de Toulouse, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - T A Blanchard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M Mounier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M Quincey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - F B Jolivet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N P Jousserand
- Institut de recherche en santé digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - A Marchand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A N Diquélou
- Institut de recherche en santé digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - B S Reynolds
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M Coyne
- Idexx Laboratories Inc, Westbrook, ME
| | - C Trumel
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul-Sabatier, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - H P Lefebvre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Physiology & Therapeutics, Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - D Concordet
- Innovations thérapeutiques et résistances, Université de Toulouse, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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10
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Bessière P, Wasniewski M, Picard-Meyer E, Servat A, Figueroa T, Foret-Lucas C, Coggon A, Lesellier S, Boué F, Cebron N, Gausserès B, Trumel C, Foucras G, Salguero FJ, Monchatre-Leroy E, Volmer R. Intranasal type I interferon treatment is beneficial only when administered before clinical signs onset in the SARS-CoV-2 hamster model. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009427. [PMID: 34370799 PMCID: PMC8376007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired type I interferons (IFNs) production or signaling have been associated with severe COVID-19, further promoting the evaluation of recombinant type I IFNs as therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the Syrian hamster model, we show that intranasal administration of IFN-α starting one day pre-infection or one day post-infection limited weight loss and decreased viral lung titers. By contrast, intranasal administration of IFN-α starting at the onset of symptoms three days post-infection had no impact on the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results provide evidence that early type I IFN treatment is beneficial, while late interventions are ineffective, although not associated with signs of enhanced disease. Type I interferons are major antiviral effectors produced by the host in response to viral infections. Importantly, delayed or impaired type I IFN signalling response has been shown to correlate with severe COVID-19. These observations provided further impetus to test the administration of exogenous type I IFN as a treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients. However, studies using MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV infected mice demonstrated that type I interferon treatment was beneficial when administered early, but was ineffective and even caused deleterious immunopathology when administered at later stages of infection. It is therefore crucial to understand how the timing of the type I IFN treatments modulates their efficacy and safety against SARS-CoV-2. In this preclinical study using the SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian hamster model, we showed that intranasal type I IFN treatment was beneficial only when administered before the onset of symptoms. Importantly, late treatment was ineffective but was not associated with deleterious effects. This study provides important information to interpret clinical trials showing no to modest effects of type I IFNs in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bessière
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Wasniewski
- Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, ANSES, Lyssavirus Unit, Malzéville, France
| | - Evelyne Picard-Meyer
- Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, ANSES, Lyssavirus Unit, Malzéville, France
| | - Alexandre Servat
- Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, ANSES, Lyssavirus Unit, Malzéville, France
| | - Thomas Figueroa
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Foret-Lucas
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Amelia Coggon
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Lesellier
- Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, ANSES, Atton experimental facility, Atton, France
| | - Frank Boué
- Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, ANSES, Lyssavirus Unit, Malzéville, France
| | - Nathan Cebron
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Gausserès
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, CREFRE, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Romain Volmer
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Grebert M, Granat F, Braun JP, Leroy Q, Bourgès-Abella N, Trumel C. Validation of the Sysmex XN-V hematology analyzer for canine specimens. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:184-197. [PMID: 34152026 PMCID: PMC8362000 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background The Sysmex XN‐V is derived from the new Sysmex XN series of human hematology analyzers. The main changes from the previously validated XT‐2000iV analyzer include an optic‐fluorescent analysis for platelets and nucleated RBC count. Objective We aimed to validate the Sysmex XN‐V for canine blood according to American College for Veterinary Clinical Pathology and International Council for Standardization in Hematology recommendations. Materials and Methods Canine EDTA blood specimens and quality control material were analyzed on the Sysmex XN‐V to evaluate imprecision, bias, linearity, a comparison with the XT‐2000iV analyzer, interference effects, carry‐over, and stability. We also verified previously established Sysmex XT‐2000iV reference intervals (RIs). Results Imprecision and bias were low (<5%) for most variables. Observed total error was lower than allowable total error for most measured variables except lymphocytes and monocytes. Visually determined linearity was excellent for all variables, except for lymphocytes. The correlation between the XN‐V and XT‐2000iV analyzers was high (>0.93) for all variables except MCHC and reticulocyte indices. Correlations between the Sysmex XN‐V and manual differential counts were good for neutrophils and eosinophils, acceptable for lymphocytes, and fair for monocytes. Hemolysis, lipemia, and to a lesser extent icterus, had significant effects on measured hemoglobin concentration and associated variables. Carry‐over was not visually observed for any variable. Changes in the Sysmex XN‐V measurements after storage at 4℃ and 24℃ were similar to those described for the Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer. The previously established Sysmex XT‐2000iV RIs can be used to interpret results from the Sysmex XN‐V analyzer for most variables except red blood cell distribution width and mean platelet volume. Conclusions The performance of the Sysmex XN‐V analyzer was excellent and compared favorably with the Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Grebert
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France.,CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Granat
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France.,CRCT, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UMR 1037, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Quentin Leroy
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France.,CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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12
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Lavabre T, Polizopoulou ZS, Isèbe D, Cioni O, Rebuffel V, Blandin P, Bourgès-Abella N, Trumel C. Detection of circulating microfilariae in canine EDTA blood using lens-free technology: preliminary results. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:572-576. [PMID: 33733938 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211001092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis causes life-threatening heart disease in dogs, thus screening of dog populations is important. Lens-free technology (LFT) is a low-cost imaging technique based on light diffraction that allows computerized recognition of small objects in holographic images. We evaluated an algorithm capable of recognizing microfilariae in canine whole blood using the LFT. We examined 3 groups of 10 EDTA blood specimens, from dogs with microfilaremia (group A), healthy dogs (B), and dogs with hematologic modifications other than microfilaremia (C). The LFT analyzer photographed repeated series of 5 images of all samples. The algorithm declared a sample positive if a microfilaria was detected on ≥1, ≥2, or ≥3 of the 5 images of a series. Microfilariae were detected visually in the images in 9 of 10 cases in group A; no microfilariae were seen in the images from groups B and C. Of the 30 cases, there were 14, 4, and only 3 false-positives with the 1 of 5, 2 of 5, and 3 of 5 image cutoffs, respectively. There were no false-negatives, regardless of cutoff. LFT seems useful for detecting microfilaria and could have application in clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhaine Lavabre
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,CREFRE, École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Zoe S Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Olivier Cioni
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Pierre Blandin
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- CREFRE, École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Département des Sciences Cliniques des animaux de compagnie et de sport, École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,CREFRE, École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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13
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Layssol-Lamour CJ, Sarry JE, Braun JPD, Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella NH. Reference Values for Hematology, Plasma Biochemistry, Bone Marrow Cytology and Bone Histology of NOD .Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/ SzJ Immunodeficient Mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2020; 60:4-17. [PMID: 33046180 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Highly immunodeficient NSG mice (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) are commonly used as a models in preclinical studies for patient-derived engraftment. However, despite the frequency of their use, reference values for their clinical pathology markers have not been determined. In accordance with the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) recommendations, we established de novo reference values for hematologic and biochemical variables and evaluated bone marrow cytology and histology in forty 9-wk-old male and female NSG mice. Hematologic analyses were performed using 2 separate analyzers (IDEXX ProCyte Dx, Sysmex XT-2000iV) and biochemical values were measured using a Scil VetScan2. The primary hematologic characteristic seen in NSG mice was a very low white blood cell (WBC) count (below 1.6 109/L). Lymphocyte and monocyte counts were respectively over- and under-estimated by the analyzers, as compared with manual counts, likely due to misidentification of the very low concentrations of these cell types by the analyzers. This analytical bias highlights the need for confirmatory microscopic observation of blood smears from these mice for WBC differential identification. Results for all other hematology and biochemistry variables were similar to those previously reported in inbred mice, except for MPV and an unexpectedly high glucose concentration (11.5 to 19.0 mmol/L), potentially due to the nonfasting status of the animals. The differential bone marrow cell count and Myeloid:Erythroid ratio (median 1.76) were also established. Megakaryocyte and adipocyte count differed significantly between the femoral diaphysis and metaphysis and between genders. These results provide a reliable resource of baseline data for hematologic variables for researchers monitoring graft rejection studies in NSG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse - UMR1037, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2018, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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14
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Layssol-Lamour C, Lavabre T, Braun JP, Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella N. The effects of storage at 4°C and 20°C on the hemograms of C57BL/6 mice and Wistar rats using the IDEXX ProCyte Dx and blood smear evaluations. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:652-667. [PMID: 31657495 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed blood analysis might be unavoidable in laboratory practice, but little is known about rodent blood stability, especially cell morphology and scattergram results. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the stability of rodent blood cell counts and morphologies at different temperatures using the ProCyte Dx analyzer and performing manual observations. METHODS Ten Wistar rats and 10 C57bl/6 mice were sampled on EDTA tubes and aliquoted for storage (4°C, 20°C). Hematologic analyses were performed immediately and at T6h, T24h, T48h (rats and mice), and T72h (rats only) after storage. RESULTS In rats, at any temperature, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) levels, and reticulocyte, white blood cell (WBC), eosinophil, and impedance platelet counts remained stable over time. The main changes were observed at 20°C for hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and WBC differential counts. Optical platelet counts (PLT-O) and platelet variables underwent changes at both temperatures from T24h. In mice, red blood cell counts by impedance (RBC-I), MCH, and WBC, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and platelet counts, and plateletcrit (PCT) were stable over time and at all temperatures. As in rats, the most significant changes were observed at 20°C and concerned the optical RBC (RBC-O) counts, HCTs, MCVs, MCHCs, and reticulocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts. For both species, blood cell morphologies were altered from T24h at all temperatures, and platelet clumps were more numerous at 4°C. CONCLUSIONS When rodent blood analyses need to be delayed, storage at 4°C is preferred and should not exceed 24 hours. PLT counts should be interpreted cautiously in refrigerated specimens with mandatory blood smear evaluations when abnormal scattergrams are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Layssol-Lamour
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Typhaine Lavabre
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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15
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Lavabre T, Betting A, Bourgès-Abella N, Layssol-Lamour C, Trumel C. Abnormal Sysmex XT-2000iV DIFF scattergram in a cat with a prominent mastocytemia. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:624-629. [PMID: 31650566 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented to the emergency service of the National Veterinary School of Toulouse (France) for acute vomiting and diarrhea with lethargy, inappetence, and adypsia for the past 48 hours. Complete blood counts were performed with the ProCyte DX at the emergency department and with the Sysmex XT-2000iV at the laboratory 2 weeks later. The scattergrams from the two analyzers revealed similar unusual and abnormal dot plots. The Sysmex XT-2000iV DIFF scattergram also showed no clear separation between different leukocyte populations. The eosinophil cluster was in an abnormal location compared with that of the "typical" location in a normal cat. A blood smear evaluation revealed the presence of numerous mast cells. Thus, we hypothesized that the Sysmex XT-2000iV had detected the mast cell population, and this led to errors in the differential counts. To explore this hypothesis, we manually gated on the DIFF scattergram and performed a manual differential on the blood smear. With this new gating strategy, the Sysmex XT-2000iV and manual differentials were similar. Thus, in the case of systemic mastocytosis, mast cells can be located between the lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil clusters on scattergrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhaine Lavabre
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, Inserm-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Betting
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, Inserm-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse, France
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16
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Piane L, Zémori C, Ribleau P, Guerlin M, Bourgès-Abella N, Trumel C. What is your diagnosis? Abnormal platelets dot plot from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:481-483. [PMID: 31250456 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Piane
- Departement des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Sport et de Loisir, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.,CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Zémori
- Departement des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Sport et de Loisir, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Pauline Ribleau
- Departement des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Sport et de Loisir, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Maud Guerlin
- Departement des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Sport et de Loisir, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse, France.,Departement des Sciences Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Departement des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Sport et de Loisir, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.,CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse, France
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17
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Sharif S, Jacquiet P, Prevot F, Grisez C, Raymond‐Letron I, Semin MO, Geffré A, Trumel C, Franc M, Bouhsira É, Liénard E. Stomoxys calcitrans, mechanical vector of virulent Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle to susceptible rabbit. Med Vet Entomol 2019; 33:247-255. [PMID: 30666684 PMCID: PMC6850491 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cattle besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia besnoiti (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) is a re-emerging disease in Europe. Its mechanical transmission by biting flies has not been investigated since the 1960s. The aim of this study was to re-examine the ability of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) to transmit virulent B. besnoiti bradyzoites from chronically infected cows to susceptible rabbits. Three batches of 300 stable flies were allowed to take an interrupted bloodmeal on chronically infected cows, followed by an immediate bloodmeal on three rabbits (Group B). A control group of rabbits and a group exposed to the bites of non-infected S. calcitrans were included in the study. Blood quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses, and clinical, serological and haematological surveys were performed in the three groups over 152 days until the rabbits were killed. Quantitative PCR analyses and histological examinations were performed in 24 tissue samples per rabbit. Only one rabbit in Group B exhibited clinical signs of the acute phase of besnoitiosis (hyperthermia, weight loss, regenerative anaemia and transient positive qPCR in blood) and was seroconverted. Parasite DNA was detected in four tissue samples from this rabbit, but no cysts were observed on histological examination. These findings indicate that S. calcitrans may act as a mechanical vector of B. besnoiti more efficiently than was previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sharif
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - P. Jacquiet
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - F. Prevot
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - C. Grisez
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - I. Raymond‐Letron
- Département Santé Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Laboratoire d'HistoPathologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LabHPEC), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, ENVT, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1031Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - M. O. Semin
- Département Santé Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Laboratoire d'HistoPathologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LabHPEC), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - A. Geffré
- Département Sciences Cliniques Des Animaux De Compagnie, Équipe de Biologie Médicale‐Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, INSERM, ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - C. Trumel
- Département Sciences Cliniques Des Animaux De Compagnie, Équipe de Biologie Médicale‐Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, INSERM, ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - M. Franc
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - É. Bouhsira
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - E. Liénard
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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18
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Herman N, Bourgès-Abella N, Braun JP, Ancel C, Schelcher F, Trumel C. Urinalysis and determination of the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio reference interval in healthy cows. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:999-1008. [PMID: 30768734 PMCID: PMC6430871 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are no reference intervals for urinalysis in cattle. Hypothesis/Objectives Characterize the urine of healthy cows, establish urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC) reference intervals, and test possible differences among dairy and beef cattle, age groups, or stage of lactation. Animals Seventy‐seven dairy and 74 beef 2.5 to 17 year‐old cows of different breeds housed mainly in free stall. Methods In this prospective study, urine specimens were collected by catheterization. Complete urinalysis was performed within 1 hour including specific gravity, dipstick evaluation, visual urine pH evaluation with 0.3 pH unit graded strips, and microscopic evaluation of the sediment. Urinary protein and creatinine concentrations and protein electrophoresis were determined on frozen aliquots. Results Overall reference intervals were 1.020 to 1.045 for USG, 7.0 to 8.7 for pH, and 0.04 to 0.25 for UPC; because of differences in creatinine concentration, UPC was lower in beef (0.04‐0.14) than in dairy (0.05‐0.25) cows and in the latter in dry than lactating cows. With dipstick evaluation, most analytes were absent except for blood, ketone, and protein in 24.7, 16.0, and 64.7% of cases, respectively. Microscopic evaluation revealed less than 3 red blood cells, leukocytes, and epithelial cells in 84, 99.3, and 100% cows, respectively. No band was observed at electrophoresis, except in 1 case at MW ~66 000. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Creatininuria is higher in beef than dairy cows and proteinuria is likely more efficiently characterized by protein concentration than by UPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Herman
- Département Elevage et Produit, Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Département Elevage et Produit, Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Ancel
- Département Elevage et Produit, Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Trumel C, Gaillard E, Leynaud V, Aumann M, Braun JP. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of markers of the acute phase of inflammation in cats. A preliminary evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Herman N, Trumel C, Geffré A, Braun JP, Thibault M, Schelcher F, Bourgès-Abella N. Hematology reference intervals for adult cows in France using the Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:678-687. [PMID: 30027829 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718790310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop bovine hematology reference intervals (RIs) in accordance with new international recommendations, we analyzed 156 blood specimens of healthy adult dairy and beef cows from 32 farms with a Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer, and by manual scoring of platelet clumps and white blood cell (WBC) differential. We established RIs by the nonparametric method, and examined effects of age, production type (beef vs. dairy), and stage of lactation. RIs could not be determined for platelet count and indices because clumps were observed in 80% of specimens. Optical and impedance red blood cell (RBC) counts were similar, although statistically different. RIs for analyzer and manual WBC differentials were not different except for lymphocyte concentration, the subpopulations of which were counted manually. Hematocrit was higher in beef than dairy cattle, and hemoglobin was lower in early lactation. Increases in RBC count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and RBC distribution width were noted with increasing age, along with decreases in WBC count, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Most RIs in our study, with the exception of neutrophils, were similar to those previously reported using a flow cytometry analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Herman
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT; Herman, Braun, Thibault), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, ENVT (Trumel, Geffré, Bourgès-Abella), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVT (Schelcher), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT; Herman, Braun, Thibault), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, ENVT (Trumel, Geffré, Bourgès-Abella), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVT (Schelcher), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT; Herman, Braun, Thibault), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, ENVT (Trumel, Geffré, Bourgès-Abella), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVT (Schelcher), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT; Herman, Braun, Thibault), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, ENVT (Trumel, Geffré, Bourgès-Abella), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVT (Schelcher), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Thibault
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT; Herman, Braun, Thibault), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, ENVT (Trumel, Geffré, Bourgès-Abella), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVT (Schelcher), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - François Schelcher
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT; Herman, Braun, Thibault), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, ENVT (Trumel, Geffré, Bourgès-Abella), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVT (Schelcher), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT; Herman, Braun, Thibault), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, ENVT (Trumel, Geffré, Bourgès-Abella), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ENVT (Schelcher), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Objectives Non-chylous lymphorrhagic pleural effusions are transudative effusions with a predominance of lymphocytes; however, they do not contain chylomicrons and therefore do not have the classical milky aspect of true chylous effusion. This type of effusion has been anecdotally associated with cardiac diseases in cats, but studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between this type of effusion and the primary disease. Methods In this study, feline non-chylous lymphorrhagic pleural effusions were retrospectively selected from the database of the authors' institutions over a 3 year period. All cases underwent thoracic imaging, including echocardiography. Effusions classified as transudates with a predominance of lymphocytes on cytology were included. Results Thirty-three cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 23 (69.7%) had a concurrent cardiac disease, eight (24.2%) cases were associated with the presence of a mediastinal lymphoma or carcinoma or a thoracic mass, one case (3.0%) was a thymoma and one case (3.0%) was a sequela of a pyothorax. Conclusions and relevance Since a clear lymphatic origin of the fluid could not be demonstrated, lymphocyte-rich transudate might be considered a better designation for these kinds of effusions rather than non-chylous lymphorrhagic effusions. Although the number of cases in this preliminary study is low, the presence of a pleural lymphocyte-rich transudate in a cat should prompt the search for cardiac disease or intrathoracic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Probo
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Venco
- 3 Veterinary Hospital 'Città di Pavia', Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Emme Lavergne
- 4 National Veterinary School of Toulouse, University of Toulouse, France; CREFRE, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France; IHAP, INRA, ENVT, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- 4 National Veterinary School of Toulouse, University of Toulouse, France; CREFRE, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France; IHAP, INRA, ENVT, France
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22
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Théron ML, Piane L, Lucarelli L, Henrion R, Layssol-Lamour C, Palanché F, Concordet D, Braun JPD, Trumel C, Lavoué R. Effects of storage conditions on results for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of proteins in canine urine. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:990-999. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Granat FA, Geffré A, Lucarelli LA, Braun JPD, Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella NH. Evaluation of CTAD (citrate-theophylline-adenosine-dipyridamole) as a universal anticoagulant in dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:676-682. [PMID: 28673194 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717713793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CTAD (citrate-theophylline-adenosine-dipyridamole) has been shown to be an almost universal anticoagulant in human and feline medicine, allowing most hematology, coagulation, and biochemical analyses. Forty canine blood specimens were collected in CTAD, EDTA, heparin, and citrate for hematology, biochemistry, and coagulation analyses. CTAD partially limited platelet aggregation observed in EDTA blood smears. CTAD specimens gave similar and well-correlated results for most variables of a complete blood cell count, except for mean corpuscular volume, which was moderately higher, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, which was moderately lower in CTAD than in EDTA; reticulocyte and platelet indexes were poorly correlated. CTAD plasma gave similar results to citrate for fibrinogen, antithrombin, and D-dimers, and relatively similar results for prothrombin time, but activated partial thromboplastin time was poorly correlated. Triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, total proteins, phosphate, iron, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and lipase were similar and well correlated in CTAD and heparin plasmas. Urea, creatinine, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, and aspartate aminotransferase showed moderate-to-marked bias, but these variables could be measured in CTAD plasma if new reference intervals were determined. Creatine kinase activity, potassium, chloride, and total carbon dioxide measurements are not recommended in CTAD plasma. CTAD is a prospective candidate as an almost universal anticoagulant for routine hematology, some plasma coagulation, and many biochemistry variables in dogs. Definitive recommendations will require study of abnormal canine blood specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny A Granat
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia A Lucarelli
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre D Braun
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie H Bourgès-Abella
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Background Among coagulation disorders, primary fibrinogen deficiency is very rare in dogs. It is divided into hypofibrinogenemia, afibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia. Afibrinogenemia has been described in three dogs. There are, however, no published case reports of primary hypofibrinogenemia in dogs. Case presentation A 1.5 year-old male German Pointer dog was evaluated for a locked-jaw syndrome associated with eye protrusion which appeared after a minor head trauma. Three months before the trauma, a persistent increase in coagulation times was detected by the referring veterinarian after a strong suspicion of snake envenomation. Apart for the primary complaint, physical examination was normal. A complete hemostatic profile revealed a moderately increased prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin times and a dramatically decreased fibrinogen concentration (0.34 g/L, reference interval [1.3–4.8 g/L]). Platelet count, plasma D-dimers and antithrombin, were all within the reference intervals and not consistent with a disseminated intravascular coagulation. Other possible causes of hypofibrinogenemia such as chronic hemorrhage and liver failure were excluded by laboratory work-up and imaging studies. Finally, antifibrinogen circulating anticoagulants were excluded using a dilution of citrated plasma from the pooled plasma of healthy dogs. These results supported a diagnosis of congenital fibrinogen deficiency and secondary retrobulbar hematoma and/or cellulitis. The dog’s condition improved rapidly after symptomatic treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics. At the 1 year follow-up, the dog was clinically normal but a persistent hypofibrinogenemia (≤ 0.8 g/L) remained. Conclusions Various clinical presentations may occur in canine primary hypofibrinogenemia which should be included in the list of coagulation disorders. Diagnosis should include fibrinogen determination by coagulometric and non-coagulometric methods to differentiate from dysfibrinogenemia. There is no specific treatment but care should be taken to prevent bleeding and trauma. Emergency management of bleeding episodes with cryoprecipitate is the treatment of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Jolivet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, ENVT, University of Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Armelle Diquélou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, ENVT, University of Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France.,IRSD, INSERM 1220, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31024, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, ENVT, University of Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Privat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, ENVT, University of Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Dossin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, ENVT, University of Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France. .,IRSD, INSERM 1220, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31024, Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
A 9-year-old, female Maltese dog was referred to the Veterinary School of Toulouse with a 2-day history of anorexia and weakness. On clinical examination, the dog had hyperthermia (39.7°C), abdominal discomfort, and polypnea. Significant laboratory findings included pigmenturia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypercreatininemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, abnormal Snap canine pancreas-specific lipase, and pancytopenia with a nonregenerative anemia. A peripheral blood smear revealed numerous intraerythrocytic large Babesia but no polychromasia. There was a discrepancy between the absolute automated reticulocyte count (Sysmex reticulocyte count: 60 × 109 /L; RI 19.4-150.1 × 109 /L) and the manual reticulocyte count (3.6 × 109 /L) as well as the absence of polychromasia. The optical red blood cell scattergram showed an abnormal isolated reticulocyte cluster at the location of low-fluorescence ratio cells. These findings were interpreted as erythrocytes parasitized by large Babesia. The discrepancy between the Sysmex reticulocyte count and the manual reticulocyte count has been reported previously in people with falciparum malaria and numerous intra-erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum organisms. This spurious reticulocyte profile and reticulocyte count were observed with the Sysmex XT-2000iV and the ProCyte using the same fluorescent dye polymethine but not with the LaserCyte using new methylene blue which does not stain Babesia organisms on a blood smear performed for manual reticulocyte counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Piane
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Laure Théron
- Unité d'Urgence et soins intensifs, UPS, INP, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcel Aumann
- Unité d'Urgence et soins intensifs, UPS, INP, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Piane L, Young KM, Giraud L, Bourges-Abella N, Trumel C. Spurious reticulocyte profiles in dogs with large form babesiosis: a retrospective study. Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:598-603. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Piane
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie; CREFRE; Université de Toulouse; INSERM; UPS; ENVT; Toulouse France
| | - Karen M. Young
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - Lena Giraud
- Unité de Médecine Interne; Université de Toulouse; UPS; INP; ENVT; Toulouse France
| | - Nathalie Bourges-Abella
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie; CREFRE; Université de Toulouse; INSERM; UPS; ENVT; Toulouse France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Equipe de Biologie Médicale-Histologie; CREFRE; Université de Toulouse; INSERM; UPS; ENVT; Toulouse France
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Granat F, Monzali C, Jeunesse E, Guerlin M, Trumel C, Geffré A, Bourgès-Abella N. Comparison of different anticoagulant associations on haemostasis and biochemical analyses in feline blood specimens. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 19:394-402. [PMID: 26887655 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16628579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Universal anticoagulant could be an alternative to the multiple blood sampling required for clinical pathology investigations in cats. An association of citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole (CTAD) has been reported to be a good substitute for EDTA for haematology analysis in cats, limiting platelet clumping, and has also been shown to be valid for haematology, secondary haemostasis and some biochemical variables in humans. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the effects of CTAD on in vitro platelet aggregation and compare results of secondary haemostasis and biochemistry tests, excluding a priori those variables not reliably measured in CTAD, such as sodium, chloride and divalent cations, in feline blood specimens collected in CTAD and paired citrate and heparin tubes. Methods Thirty blood specimens sampled in citrate and CTAD were analysed for in vitro platelet aggregation, and 60 blood specimens sampled in citrate or heparin and CTAD were analysed for plasma coagulation and a biochemistry panel. Results In vitro platelet aggregation was inhibited in CTAD compared with citrate specimens. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin and fibrinogen results were similar, despite some significant differences. Measurements of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, urea, creatinine, phosphate, total proteins and alanine aminotransferase activity were similar and well correlated in CTAD and heparin plasmas, despite some significant differences and moderate biases. Albumin showed a marked positive proportional bias, and creatine kinase and alkaline phosphatase activities a moderate and marked negative mixed bias, respectively, but could be measured in CTAD if new reference intervals were calculated. Aspartate aminotransferase activity showed a marked negative proportional bias, along with a poor correlation and some clinical misclassifications just like the potassium concentration, and thus cannot be recommended to be measured in CTAD specimens. Conclusions and relevance In cats, CTAD cannot be used for primary haemostasis investigation but could be a suitable (almost) universal anticoagulant for routine haematology, as well as for plasma coagulation and many biochemistry variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Granat
- 1 University of Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France.,2 INSERM, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Monzali
- 3 AMATSIGROUP, Bioservices Department, F-31470 Fontenilles, France
| | - Elisabeth Jeunesse
- 4 INRA, UMR1331 Toxalim, F-31076 Toulouse, France.,5 University of Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR1331 Toxalim, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Maud Guerlin
- 1 University of Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France.,2 INSERM, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- 1 University of Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France.,2 INSERM, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Geffré
- 1 University of Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France.,2 INSERM, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- 1 University of Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France.,2 INSERM, UMS 006, Central Laboratory of Medical Biology, F-31076 Toulouse, France
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Trumel C, Monzali C, Geffré A, Concordet DV, Hourqueig L, Braun JPD, Bourgès-Abella NH. Hematologic and Biochemical Biologic Variation in Laboratory Cats. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2016; 55:503-509. [PMID: 27657703 PMCID: PMC5029819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The biologic variation associated with a clinical pathology result is important to consider before reference intervals (RI) are used. Most available RI are population-based RI, in which the analytical variability, interindividual variability, and intraindividual variability are confounded. In addition, when the intraindividual variability is considerably less than the interindividual variability, a population-based RI is insufficiently sensitive to detect changes in a subject over time. Here we determined the biologic variation and reference change value (RCV) of hematologic and biochemical variables in laboratory cats. Blood specimens from 14 (7 females and 7 males) overnight-fasted laboratory cats sampled 7 times (days 1, 2, 7, 14, 31, 42, and 100) were analyzed regarding hematology and biochemistry variables. For each variable, analytical, intraindividual, and interindividual coefficients of variation were estimated prior to calculation of the index of individuality and the RCV. RBC variables (count, Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RBC distribution width) and 5 biochemical analytes (cholesterol, creatinine, triglycerides, ALP, and calcium) exhibited marked individuality, therefore indicating that subject-based reference intervals or RCV would be preferable when monitoring these variables in laboratory cats. Population-based RI were shown to be adequate for glucose and sodium, and both types of population and individual RI were similarly efficient for albumin, total protein, urea, ALT, AST, creatine kinase, chloride, carbon dioxide, iron, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, and potassium and reticulocyte, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and platelet counts. The RCV determined in the present study provide a valuable tool for monitoring hematologic and biochemical variables in healthy laboratory cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Trumel
- Central Medical Biology Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, Clinical Pathology and Histology Group, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Monzali
- Bioservices Department, AmatsiGroup, Fontenilles, France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Central Medical Biology Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, Clinical Pathology and Histology Group, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Louise Hourqueig
- Central Medical Biology Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre D Braun
- Central Medical Biology Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie H Bourgès-Abella
- Central Medical Biology Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, Clinical Pathology and Histology Group, CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France.
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Lavoué R, Trumel C, Smets PMY, Braun JP, Aresu L, Daminet S, Concordet D, Palanché F, Peeters D. Characterization of Proteinuria in Dogue de Bordeaux Dogs, a Breed Predisposed to a Familial Glomerulonephropathy: A Retrospective Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133311. [PMID: 26181659 PMCID: PMC4504498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogue de Bordeaux dog has been reported to be predisposed to a familial glomerulonephropathy that displays some morphological modifications reported in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Prevalence of quantitatively abnormal renal proteinuria was recently reported to be 33% in this breed. The nature of the proteinuria was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and determinations of urinary markers (urinary retinol-binding protein, urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, urinary albumin and urinary immunoglobulin G) on stored specimens. Diagnostic performances of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis to identify dogs with elevated urinary biomarkers were assessed. Samples from 102 adult Dogue de Bordeaux dogs (47 non-proteinuric [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≤ 0.2], 20 borderline-proteinuric [0.2< urine protein-to-creatinine ratio ≤ 0.5] and 35 proteinuric dogs [urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >0.5]) were used, of which 2 were suffering from familial glomerulonephropathy. The electrophoretic protein patterns, for all but one proteinuric dog, were indicative of a glomerular origin and, in all dogs, the urinary albumin concentration related to creatinine concentration and the urinary immunoglobulin G concentration related to creatinine concentration were above the upper limit of the reference interval established for the breed. Sensitivity and specificity of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis identifying dogs with elevated urinary albumin concentration were 94% and 92%, respectively, while diagnostic performance of sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis in detecting dogs with elevated urinary immunoglobulin G concentration yielded sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 74%, respectively. These results suggest that all proteinuric and some borderline-proteinuric Dogue de Bordeaux dogs likely have underlying glomerular lesions and that sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and urinary markers might be useful to screen dogs with borderline-proteinuria. Additional investigations are warranted to assess if these findings are related to the familial glomerulonephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lavoué
- Internal Medicine Unit, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale M. Y. Smets
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Didier Concordet
- UMR 1331 Toxalim, INRA, Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Palanché
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Peeters
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Etienne CL, Granat F, Trumel C, Raymond-Letron I, Lucas MN, Boucraut-Baralon C, Pingret JL, Magne L, Delverdier M. A mycobacterial coinfection in a dog suspected on blood smear. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 42:516-21. [PMID: 24320783 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old neutered female crossbred Shepherd was referred for a history of 10 days of anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyadenomegaly, and diarrhea. On physical examination, the dog appeared quiet, responsive, and apyretic, with generalized and severe lymphadenomegaly. Hematologic abnormalities included neutrophilic leukocytosis with left shift, and lymphopenia. Blood smears revealed intracytoplasmic bacilli negatively stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa in neutrophils and monocytes. Lymph node smears revealed pyogranulomatous adenitis with calcified deposits and many negative-staining rod structures, both within the cytoplasm of neutrophils and macrophages, and free in the background. An acid-fast stain (Ziehl-Neelsen) confirmed the diagnosis of mycobacterial infection. The dog was euthanized for public health and ethical reasons, and the postmortem examination revealed severe and generalized granulomatous and necrotizing lymphadenitis, panniculitis, and hepatitis, and infiltration of epithelioid macrophages in the lungs, colon, and spleen. Numerous acid-fast bacilli, consistent with mycobacterial infection, were observed both in the cytoplasm of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells, and free in the background. Mycobacterium bovis was first confirmed by conventional PCR of organ extracts. Mycobacterium avium was detected in a culture of the same organs. Further PCR amplifications and sequencing revealed a coinfection with 2 different species of mycobacterium, one belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex and the other to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Lise Etienne
- Department of Pathology, Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Bourgès-Abella NH, Gury TD, Geffré A, Concordet D, Thibault-Duprey KC, Dauchy A, Trumel C. Reference intervals, intraindividual and interindividual variability, and reference change values for hematologic variables in laboratory beagles. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2015; 54:17-24. [PMID: 25651086 PMCID: PMC4311737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In research and development studies for human and veterinary medicine, relevant comparators for interpreting clinical pathology results are matched with concurrent control animals. However, reference intervals (RI) provide a comparator database and important aids for interpreting clinical pathology data, especially in laboratory beagle dogs. Furthermore, RI incorporate biologic variation, which includes analytical, intraindividual, and interindividual variation. No studies to date have established RI and studied the effect of biologic variation on hematologic variables in a large group of laboratory dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to establish hematologic RI for laboratory beagles according to international recommendations and estimate the effect of biologic variation in routinely measured hematologic analytes by using the databank at a pharmaceutical center. Blood specimens from 340 healthy beagles (age, 9 to 36 mo) were evaluated by using a flow-cytometry-based hematology analyzer. RI and their 90% confidence intervals were established by using a nonparametric method. Effects of sex, age, and weight were investigated. Weight had no effect on any analyte. RBC, Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, RBC distribution width, and platelet count increased with age, whereas WBC count decreased. The only clinically relevant effect of sex was observed for platelets, which were lower in male beagles than in female and warranted 2 different RI. The calculated index of individuality showed that population-based RI were appropriate for almost all hematologic analytes, as might be expected for a homogeneous group of laboratory beagles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie H Bourgès-Abella
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Unité Mixte de Service (UMS) 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France.
| | - Thierry D Gury
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Développement, Groupe SANOFI, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Unité Mixte de Service (UMS) 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Concordet
- Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1331 Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin C Thibault-Duprey
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Développement, Groupe SANOFI, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France
| | - Arnaud Dauchy
- SANOFI-AVENTIS Recherche & Développement, Groupe SANOFI, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Unité Mixte de Service (UMS) 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMS 006, Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, Toulouse, France
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Piane L, Sayag D, Lermuzeaux J, Semin MO, Lamour-Layssol C, Aumann M, Trumel C. What is your diagnosis? Abnormal cells on a blood smear from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:461-2. [PMID: 24889354 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Piane
- Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire Central de Biologie Médicale, INSERM, UMS 006, Toulouse, France
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Lavoué R, Geffré A, Braun JP, Peeters D, Granat F, Bourgès-Abella N, Trumel C. Breed-specific hematologic reference intervals in healthy adult Dogues de Bordeaux. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:352-61. [PMID: 24798575 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest for breed-specific reference intervals in veterinary medicine. In a previous study, breed-specific biochemical reference intervals (RIs) have been established for Dogues de Bordeaux (DDBs). This breed is predisposed to familial juvenile glomerulonephropathy and hypothyroidism, and would benefit from hematologic RI. OBJECTIVE The purpose was de novo establishment of breed-specific hematologic RIs for the DDB in accordance with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. METHODS One hundred and twenty DDBs from France and Belgium were recruited. CBCs were determined with the Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer within 12 hours of blood collection. RIs were determined using the nonparametric method. Effects of sex, age, and face mask color were studied. RESULTS RIs were determined in 58 healthy dogs. DDBs had higher RIs for HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, and mean platelet volume, and lower RIs for reticulocytes counts, platelets by impedance (PLT-I) and optical count (PLT-O), and plateletcrit when compared with generic canine RIs. Age significantly affected RIs for HGB, HCT, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. CONCLUSION The generic canine RIs established in the same laboratory with analogous preanalytical and analytical variations did not differ significantly from breed-specific RIs, and thus have no significant impact on clinical decision making; however, breed-specific RIs are advised for some RBC and all platelet-related variables to avoid erroneous suspicion of polycythemia and thrombocytopenia when using general canine RIs for evaluation of DDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lavoué
- Internal Medicine Unit , Institut National Polytechnique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), Toulouse, France
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Bourgès-Abella NH, Geffré A, Deshuillers PL, Braun JPD, Trumel C. Changes in hematology measurements in healthy and diseased dog blood stored at room temperature for 24 and 48 hours using the XT-2000iV analyzer. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:24-35. [PMID: 24512649 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in canine hematology measurements may occur when analyses are delayed due to shipment of specimens to a laboratory. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to report changes in hematologic variables in healthy and diseased canine blood measured with a Sysmex XT-2000iV during storage at room temperature for 24 and 48 hours. METHODS EDTA-K3 blood samples from 42 healthy and diseased dogs were measured on a Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer within one hour of sampling, and after storage for 24 and 48 hours at room temperature in the dark. RESULTS Storage caused little or no change in RBC count, HGB concentration and MCH, while there was a moderate increase in HCT, MCV and reticulocytes count, and a moderate decrease in MCHC. Decreased platelet counts by impedance (PLT-I) and optical (PLT-O) measurements were associated with increased mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) and platelet distribution width (PDW), including a right shift in the platelet histogram and a dispersion of the platelet dot plot on the scattergram. The total and differential WBC count remained stable except for decreased monocyte counts. In the scatterplots, monocytes shifted into the lymphocyte population after 24 hours, and neutrophil population shifted to the right appearing in the eosinophil gate at 48 hours of storage. The disease status had only a small effect on storage-induced changes, and observed changes had no consequences for clinical decisions. CONCLUSIONS Blood storage at room temperature was accompanied by moderate variations in some hematologic variables, awareness of which helps in avoiding misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie H Bourgès-Abella
- Department of Functional and Biological Sciences, INP-National Veterinary School of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Granat F, Geffré A, Bourgès-Abella N, Mortier J, Théron ML, Fauchon E, Braun JP, Trumel C. Feline reference intervals for the Sysmex XT-2000iV and the ProCyte DX haematology analysers in EDTA and CTAD blood specimens. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 16:473-82. [PMID: 24226754 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13511811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laser-based haematology analysers are routinely used in veterinary clinical pathology laboratories, and are available to practitioners. However, feline haematological reference intervals (RIs) determined according to international recommendations are, to our knowledge, not available. Furthermore, platelet count RI is difficult to establish in cats because of the frequent occurrence of platelet aggregation in blood specimens. The purpose of this study was to establish feline haematological RIs with the Sysmex XT-2000iV and ProCyte DX analysers, in ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and in citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole (CTAD), which is a combination of anticoagulants limiting platelet aggregation. Blood specimens from 120 healthy cats were analysed in duplicate, and the degree of platelet aggregation was assessed on blood smears. After exclusion of inadequate specimens, 81 sets of results (from 44 males and 37 females, aged from 6 to 116 months) were available for the determination of RIs by the non-parametric method. The effects of the anticoagulant, analyser and aggregation score were assessed. When the aggregation effect was significant, the RIs were determined using the subgroup of blood specimens with no or little aggregation. The effects of sex, age and weight were also investigated, but were moderate. The different RIs obtained with the Sysmex XT-2000iV and ProCyte DX analysers, and the two anticoagulants, were very similar to previous RIs established in EDTA with the ADVIA 120, another laser-based analyser, except for the platelet count in CTAD specimens. Its lower reference limit was higher in CTAD vs EDTA specimens, which confirms the interest in this anticoagulant in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Granat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- Department of Functional and Biological Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Jeremy Mortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Marie-Laure Théron
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Emilie Fauchon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
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Bourgès-Abella N, Geffré A, Moureaux E, Vincenti M, Braun JP, Trumel C. Hematologic reference intervals in Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. J Med Primatol 2013; 43:1-10. [PMID: 24102586 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reference intervals are important aids for interpreting clinical pathology laboratory data especially in Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), the non-human primate species most widely used in biomedical research. The purpose of this study was to establish hematologic reference intervals for Cynomolgus according to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines using the databank at a primatology center. METHODS Blood specimens from 272 healthy Cynomolgus imported from Mauritius, the Philippines and Vietnam, were analyzed. Reference intervals were established by nonparametric method. Effects of sex, age, body weight, and breeding origin were investigated. RESULTS Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased slightly and mean corpuscular volume increased slightly with age. Lower red blood cell concentration, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were observed in monkeys from the Philippines. CONCLUSIONS These hematology reference intervals, established according to international recommendations, can be used in settings using similar animals and analyzers.
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Braun J, Concordet D, Geffré A, Bourges Abella N, Trumel C. Confidence intervals of reference limits in small reference sample groups. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:395-8. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.P. Braun
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; INP; ENVT; UMS006, Sciences Cliniques; Toulouse; France
| | - D. Concordet
- Université de Toulouse; INP; ENVT; UMR1331; Toulouse; France
| | - A. Geffré
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; INP; ENVT; UMS006, Sciences Cliniques; Toulouse; France
| | - N. Bourges Abella
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; INP; ENVT; UMS006; Sciences Biologiques et Fonctionnelles; Toulouse; France
| | - C. Trumel
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; INP; ENVT; UMS006, Sciences Cliniques; Toulouse; France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Breed-specific reference intervals are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. The health monitoring of the Dogue de Bordeaux, a breed predisposed to familial juvenile glomerulonephropathy and hypothyroidism, would benefit from specific reference intervals. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish breed-specific biochemical reference intervals for the Dogue de Bordeaux in accordance with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. METHODS One hundred and twenty Dogues de Bordeaux from France and Belgium were recruited. Complete urinalysis and chemistry panels, venous blood gas variables, total thyroxin and thyroid stimulating hormone, and fibrinogen and antithrombin were measured for each dog. Reference intervals were determined using the non-parametric method. Confounding variables such as sex, age and color of facial mask were analyzed. RESULTS Due to pre-defined criteria for exclusion, 62 healthy dogs were finally selected for the reference intervals determination. Using the instrument manufacturer's generic canine RI for most analytes did not have a significant impact on potential clinical decisions, except for total proteins, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, lipase and total thyroxin, for which possible clinically relevant differences were noted. CONCLUSION Specific reference intervals for biochemical analytes in the Dogue de Bordeaux were determined under controlled pre-analytical and analytical conditions, and according to international recommendations. The use of these breed-specific reference intervals is recommended when using the specified analytic instruments, especially for the 6 analytes for which the reference intervals differed considerably from those provided by manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lavoué
- Internal Medicine Unit, Toulouse, France
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Granat F, Geffré A, Bourgès-Abella N, Braun JP, Trumel C. Changes in haematology measurements with the Sysmex XT-2000iV during storage of feline blood sampled in EDTA or EDTA plus CTAD. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 15:433-44. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12469967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In veterinary medicine a complete blood cell count (CBC) cannot always be performed within 24 h as usually recommended, particularly for specimens shipped to a reference laboratory. This raises the question of the stability of the variables, especially in ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) feline blood specimens, known to be prone to in vitro platelet aggregation. Citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole (CTAD) has been reported to limit platelet aggregation in feline blood specimens. The aim of this study was to measure the stability of the haematological variables and the platelet aggregation score in EDTA and EDTA plus CTAD (EDCT) feline blood specimens during 48 h of storage at room temperature. Forty-six feline EDTA and EDCT blood specimens were analysed with a Sysmex XT-2000iV analyser, and the platelet count and score of platelet aggregation were estimated immediately and after 24 and 48 h of storage. A significant increase in mean corpuscular volume, haematocrit, reticulocyte and eosinophil counts, and a significant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and monocyte count were observed. Haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and red blood cell, white blood cell, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts remained stable. Changes in reticulocyte indexes with time (low fluorescence ratio, medium fluorescence ratio, high fluorescence ratio and immature reticulocyte fraction) were not significant. Changes were generally more pronounced in EDTA than in EDCT. Platelet aggregation decreased markedly in initially highly aggregated EDTA specimens, and increased slightly in initially non- or mildly-aggregated EDTA or EDCT specimens. Platelet counts increased and decreased, or remained stable, respectively. CTAD can reduce storage-induced changes of the haematological variables in feline samples, thus improving the reliability of a CBC and limiting clinical misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Granat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- Department of Functional and Biological Sciences, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institut National Polytechnique - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (INP-ENVT), France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The laser-based Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzer is increasingly used in veterinary clinical pathology laboratories, and instrument-specific reference intervals for dogs are not available. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish canine hematologic reference intervals according to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines using the Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology analyzer. METHODS Blood samples from 132 healthy purebred dogs from France, selected to represent the most prevalent canine breeds in France, were analyzed. Blood smears were scored for platelet (PLT) aggregates. Reference intervals were established using the nonparametric method. PLT and RBC counts obtained by impedance and optical methods were compared. Effects of sex and age on reference intervals were determined. RESULTS The correlation between impedance (I) and optical (O) measurements of RBC and PLT counts was excellent (Pearson r=.99 and .98, respectively); however, there were significant differences between the 2 methods (Student's paired t-test, P<.0001). Differences between sexes were not significant except for HCT, PLT-I, and PLT-O. WBC, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts decreased significantly with age (ANOVA, P<.05). Median eosinophil counts were higher in Brittany Spaniels (1.87 × 10(9) /L), Rottweilers (1.41 × 10(9) /L), and German Shepherd dogs (1.38 × 10(9) /L) than in the overall population (0.9 × 10(9) /L). PLT aggregates were responsible for lower PLT counts by the impedance, but not the optical, method. CONCLUSION Reference intervals for hematologic analytes and indices were determined under controlled preanalytical and analytical conditions for a well-characterized population of dogs according to international recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bourgès-Abella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse, France.
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Grenier B, Bracarense APFL, Schwartz HE, Trumel C, Cossalter AM, Schatzmayr G, Kolf-Clauw M, Moll WD, Oswald IP. The low intestinal and hepatic toxicity of hydrolyzed fumonisin B₁ correlates with its inability to alter the metabolism of sphingolipids. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1465-73. [PMID: 22366513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins are mycotoxins frequently found as natural contaminants in maize, where they are produced by the plant pathogen Fusarium verticillioides. They are toxic to animals and exert their effects through mechanisms involving disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) is the predominant fumonisin in this family. FB₁ is converted to its hydrolyzed analogs HFB₁, by alkaline cooking (nixtamalization) or through enzymatic degradation. The toxicity of HFB₁ is poorly documented especially at the intestinal level. The objectives of this study were to compare the toxicity of HFB₁ and FB₁ and to assess the ability of these toxins to disrupt sphingolipids biosynthesis. HFB₁ was obtained by a deesterification of FB₁ with a carboxylesterase. Piglets, animals highly sensitive to FB₁, were exposed by gavage for 2 weeks to 2.8 μmol FB₁ or HFB₁/kg body weight/day. FB₁ induced hepatotoxicity as indicated by the lesion score, the level of several biochemical analytes and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, FB₁ impaired the morphology of the different segments of the small intestine, reduced villi height and modified intestinal cytokine expression. By contrast, HFB₁ did not trigger hepatotoxicity, did not impair intestinal morphology and slightly modified the intestinal immune response. This low toxicity of HFB₁ correlates with a weak alteration of the sphinganine/sphingosine ratio in the liver and in the plasma. Taken together, these data demonstrate that HFB₁ does not cause intestinal or hepatic toxicity in the sensitive pig model and only slightly disrupts sphingolipids metabolism. This finding suggests that conversion to HFB₁ could be a good strategy to reduce FB₁ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Grenier
- INRA, UMR 1331 ToxAlim, Immuno-Myco-Toxicology Team, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille BP 93173, 31027 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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Reynolds BS, Geffré A, Bourgès-Abella NH, Vaucoret S, Mourot M, Braun JPD, Trumel C. Effects of intravenous, low-dose ketamine-diazepam sedation on the results of hematologic, plasma biochemical, and coagulation analyses in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 240:287-93. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Foucras G, Corbière F, Tasca C, Pichereaux C, Caubet C, Trumel C, Lacroux C, Franchi C, Burlet-Schiltz O, Schelcher F. Alloantibodies against MHC class I: a novel mechanism of neonatal pancytopenia linked to vaccination. J Immunol 2011; 187:6564-70. [PMID: 22084436 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a frequent disease in humans where alloantibodies against platelet Ags lead to platelet destruction and hemorrhage. Although a role in the disease for Abs against MHC has been suspected, this has not been formally demonstrated. Since 2007, a hemorrhagic syndrome due to thrombocytopenia and designated as bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) has been recognized in calves in several European countries. An inactivated antiviral vaccine is strongly suspected to be involved in this syndrome because of its highly frequent use in the dams of affected calves. In this study, we show that BNP is an alloimmune disease, as we reproduced the signs by transferring serum Abs from vaccinated BNP dams into healthy neonatal calves. Ab specificity was strongly associated with the presence of allogeneic MHC class I Abs in the dams. MHC class I staining was also observed on Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells, a cell line related to the one used to produce the vaccine Ag. Our report emphatically demonstrates that alloimmunization against MHC class I is associated with a substantial risk of developing cytopenia-associated syndromes in neonates when a cell line of the same species is used to produce an inactivated vaccine injected into the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Foucras
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, F-31076 Toulouse, France.
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Granat F, Geffré A, Braun JP, Trumel C. Comparison of platelet clumping and complete blood count results with Sysmex XT-2000iV in feline blood sampled on EDTA or EDTA plus CTAD (citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole). J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:953-8. [PMID: 22079363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
False thrombocytopenia may result from platelet aggregation, especially in feline ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) blood specimens. Citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole (CTAD) was added to 46 feline EDTA specimens to test its anti-aggregation action. Platelet aggregation was estimated from blood films and a complete blood count was performed with a Sysmex XT-2000iV analyser. Platelet aggregation score was >2 in 11/46 EDTA tubes and only in one EDTA+CTAD specimen. The platelet count was higher in all CTAD-supplemented tubes except one, medians measured by cytometry being 225.5 × 10(9)/l and 249.0 × 10(9)/l in EDTA and EDTA+CTAD, respectively (P = 0.007). Adding CTAD had statistically and analytically significant but moderate effects on other blood variables, the most intense variations being observed for reticulocytes (about 3% higher in EDTA specimens) and reticulocyte indexes. Addition of CTAD to EDTA when sampling feline blood is a useful option to reduce platelet clumping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Granat
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31 076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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Geffre A, Concordet D, Trumel C, Braun JP. Validation of Preexisting Reference Intervals: Can the Procedure be Applied to Canine Hemostasis? J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:343-7. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The de novo establishment of reference intervals (RIs) for all variables is beyond the capabilities of many small laboratories. Thus, recent international recommendations propose procedures to adopt RIs established by “donor” laboratories after validation in “receiving” laboratories. The objective of the current study was to use recently published RIs of canine hemostasis tests as possible donor values and evaluate the validation procedure with randomized sets of values obtained in another study of canine RI determination of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, and antithrombin (AT). The preanalytical, analytical, and demographic conditions of the donor and receiving laboratories were first compared. To represent new reference individuals, 25 validation sample sets of 20 results of the receiving laboratory were randomly selected for each variable and compared with the RI of the donor laboratory. Validation was rejected in all cases for APTT and AT. Donor RI could be validated in 14 of 25 cases for fibrinogen and in 4 of 25 cases for PT. When preanalytical and analytical differences existed between donor and receiving laboratories, validation procedures consistently rejected preexisting RI. When the differences are smaller, the variability of the results obtained in the validation sample sets tested may be responsible for validations or rejections, which can lead to further misinterpretations of results from patients. Validation of a preexisting reference interval is certainly an interesting option for small laboratories, but progressive determination of the laboratory's own reference interval is probably a better long-term solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geffre
- ENVT, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Concordet
- UMR 181 Physiopathologie et Toxicologie Expérimentales
- ENVT, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- DéeApartement des Sciences Cliniques
- ENVT, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- DéeApartement des Sciences Cliniques
- UMR 181 Physiopathologie et Toxicologie Expérimentales
- ENVT, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Geffré A, Concordet D, Braun JP, Trumel C. Reference Value Advisor: a new freeware set of macroinstructions to calculate reference intervals with Microsoft Excel. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:107-12. [PMID: 21366659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
International recommendations for determination of reference intervals have been recently updated, especially for small reference sample groups, and use of the robust method and Box-Cox transformation is now recommended. Unfortunately, these methods are not included in most software programs used for data analysis by clinical laboratories. We have created a set of macroinstructions, named Reference Value Advisor, for use in Microsoft Excel to calculate reference limits applying different methods. For any series of data, Reference Value Advisor calculates reference limits (with 90% confidence intervals [CI]) using a nonparametric method when n≥40 and by parametric and robust methods from native and Box-Cox transformed values; tests normality of distributions using the Anderson-Darling test and outliers using Tukey and Dixon-Reed tests; displays the distribution of values in dot plots and histograms and constructs Q-Q plots for visual inspection of normality; and provides minimal guidelines in the form of comments based on international recommendations. The critical steps in determination of reference intervals are correct selection of as many reference individuals as possible and analysis of specimens in controlled preanalytical and analytical conditions. Computing tools cannot compensate for flaws in selection and size of the reference sample group and handling and analysis of samples. However, if those steps are performed properly, Reference Value Advisor, available as freeware at http://www.biostat.envt.fr/spip/spip.php?article63, permits rapid assessment and comparison of results calculated using different methods, including currently unavailable methods. This allows for selection of the most appropriate method, especially as the program provides the CI of limits. It should be useful in veterinary clinical pathology when only small reference sample groups are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geffré
- Department of Clinical Sciences UMR181 Physiopathologie and Toxicologie Expérimentales INRA, ENVT, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse, France.
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Geffré A, Grollier S, Hanot C, Vergez F, Trumel C, Braun JP. Canine Reference Intervals for Coagulation Markers Using the STA Satellite® and the STA-R Evolution® Analyzers. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:690-5. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine canine reference intervals for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, and antithrombin (AT) according to international recommendations. The STA Satellite® coefficients of variation of within-laboratory imprecision were 3.9%, 1.3%, 6.9%, and 5.1% for PT, APTT, fibrinogen, and AT, respectively. At 4°C, citrated specimens were stable up to 8 hr for whole blood and 36 hr for plasma, except for APTT, which increased slightly (<1 sec). Nonparametric reference intervals determined in citrated plasma from 139 healthy fasting purebred dogs were 6.9–8.8 sec, 13.1–17.2 sec, 1.24–4.30 g/l, and 104–188% for PT, APTT, fibrinogen, and AT, respectively. Based on Passing–Bablok comparison between STA Satellite and STA-R Evolution® using 60 frozen specimens from a canine plasma bank, the corresponding reference intervals were transferred to the STA-R Evolution: 7.1–9.2 sec, 12.9–17.3 sec, 1.20–4.43 g/l, and 94–159% for PT, APTT, fibrinogen, and AT, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geffré
- Département des Sciences Cliniques (Geffré, Grollier, Hanot, Trumel, Braun), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Grollier
- Département des Sciences Cliniques (Geffré, Grollier, Hanot, Trumel, Braun), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Hanot
- Département des Sciences Cliniques (Geffré, Grollier, Hanot, Trumel, Braun), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - François Vergez
- Groupe hospitalier de Rangueil-Larrey, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France (Vergez)
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Département des Sciences Cliniques (Geffré, Grollier, Hanot, Trumel, Braun), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Braun
- Département des Sciences Cliniques (Geffré, Grollier, Hanot, Trumel, Braun), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UMR 181 Physiopathologie et Toxicologie Expérimentales, ENVT, INRA (Braun), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Geffré A, Braun J, Trumel C, Concordet D. Estimation of reference intervals from small samples: an example using canine plasma creatinine. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 38:477-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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