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Ding L, Yin J, Xu X, Xie D, Xiang D, Tong P, Liu S, Yang X. Bufalin alleviates acute kidney injury by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Apoptosis 2023; 28:539-548. [PMID: 36652129 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, there has been an increasing clinical incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), which rapidly declines renal function and leads to massive tubular cell necrosis. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory process of cell death that is more rapid than apoptosis, which is accompanied by a massive release of inflammasome activation. In the study, we aim to explore whether Bufalin regulates the AKI through the pyroptosis pathway. METHODS We have established gentamicin (GM)-induced AKI animal and cell models to simulate the pathological conditions of kidney injury. The expression of renal injury and pyroptosis-related indicators were detected by western blot. PAS staining and IHC staining were used to analyze renal function. CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cell viability after AKI with different treatments. TUNEL staining, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assays were performed to measure pyroptosis. RESULTS After intraperitoneal injection of GM in rats, renal function was significantly decreased, along with a significant increase of damaged and necrotic cells as suggested by renal tubular epithelial tissue sections. In addition, there was an increase in the pyroptosis-related markers expression and pyroptosis-induced cell death. Consistently, studies in vitro found that GM significantly induced pyroptosis and its associated protein expression in NRK52e cells. Whereas, the administration of Bufalin reversed these effects of GM in vivo and in vitro. Further, we found that Nigericin (NLRP3 agonist) could reversed the effects of bufalin on GM-induced pyroptosis. CONCLUSION Bufalin attenuates pyroptosis generated AKI by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Infectious Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueping Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongxiao Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingfan Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 298 Nanpu road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilan Yang
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 298 Nanpu road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Epifantseva I, Xiao S, Baum RE, Kléber AG, Hong T, Shaw RM. An Alternatively Translated Connexin 43 Isoform, GJA1-11k, Localizes to the Nucleus and Can Inhibit Cell Cycle Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030473. [PMID: 32244859 PMCID: PMC7175147 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction protein that assembles at the cell border to form intercellular gap junction (GJ) channels which allow for cell-cell communication by facilitating the rapid transmission of ions and other small molecules between adjacent cells. Non-canonical roles of Cx43, and specifically its C-terminal domain, have been identified in the regulation of Cx43 trafficking, mitochondrial preconditioning, cell proliferation, and tumor formation, yet the mechanisms are still being explored. It was recently identified that up to six truncated isoforms of Cx43 are endogenously produced via alternative translation from internal start codons in addition to full length Cx43, all from the same mRNA produced by the gene GJA1. GJA1-11k, the 11kDa alternatively translated isoform of Cx43, does not have a known role in the formation of gap junction channels, and little is known about its function. Here, we report that over expressed GJA1-11k, unlike the other five truncated isoforms, preferentially localizes to the nucleus in HEK293FT cells and suppresses cell growth by limiting cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. Furthermore, these functions are independent of the channel-forming full-length Cx43 isoform. Understanding the apparently unique role of GJA1-11k and its generation in cell cycle regulation may uncover a new target for affecting cell growth in multiple disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Epifantseva
- Smidt Heart Institute, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (I.E.); (S.X.); (R.E.B.); (T.H.)
| | - Shaohua Xiao
- Smidt Heart Institute, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (I.E.); (S.X.); (R.E.B.); (T.H.)
| | - Rachel E. Baum
- Smidt Heart Institute, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (I.E.); (S.X.); (R.E.B.); (T.H.)
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - André G. Kléber
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel & Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - TingTing Hong
- Smidt Heart Institute, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (I.E.); (S.X.); (R.E.B.); (T.H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Robin M. Shaw
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(801)-587-5845
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Connexins and Gap Junctions in Cancer of the Urinary Tract. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050704. [PMID: 31121877 PMCID: PMC6563010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on connexins and nexus or gap junctions in the genesis, progression, and therapy of carcinomas of the human urinary tract. Some decades ago, the idea was born that gap junctional intercellular communication might prevent both the onset and the progression of cancer. Later evidence indicated that, on the contrary, synthesis and the presence of connexins as a prerequisite for gap junctional intercellular communication might promote the occurrence of cancer and metastases. The research history of urinary bladder cancer is a good example of the development of scientific perception. So far, the role of gap junctional intercellular communication in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, as well as in therapeutical approaches, remains unclear.
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Daudt C, Da Silva FRC, Lunardi M, Alves CBDT, Weber MN, Cibulski SP, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA, Canal CW. Papillomaviruses in ruminants: An update. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1381-1395. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Daudt
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal do Acre; Rio Branco AC Brazil
| | - F. R. C. Da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal do Acre; Rio Branco AC Brazil
| | - M. Lunardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária; Hospital Escola Veterinário; Universidade de Cuiabá; Várzea Grande MT Brazil
| | - C. B. D. T. Alves
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - M. N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - S. P. Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - A. F. Alfieri
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - A. A. Alfieri
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
- Laboratório Multiusuário em Saúde Animal; Unidade de Biologia Molecular; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - C. W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Ai XL, Chi Q, Qiu Y, Li HY, Li DJ, Wang JX, Wang ZY. Gap junction protein connexin43 deregulation contributes to bladder carcinogenesis via targeting MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:109-118. [PMID: 28074341 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High expression of connexins was found in a variety of cancers, but their role is still controversial. We investigated whether connexin43 (Cx43) contributed to bladder carcinogenesis through MAPK activation. In this study, we found that Cx43 expression was significantly increased in bladder cancer tissues and cell line. Overexpression of Cx43 in bladder cancer 5637 cells increased cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression, and inhibited apoptosis. Western blot showed that JNK and ERK pathways were dramatically activated in Cx43-overexpressed cells. Conversely, knockdown of Cx43 inhibited cell proliferation by increasing apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest, concomitant with inhibition of JNK and ERK signaling. In addition, JNK and ERK pathways were also activated in bladder cancer tissues. In conclusion, abnormal high expression and cytoplasmic localization of Cx43 contributed to bladder cancer. Inhibition of Cx43 activity could be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing the progression of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Ai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Qiang Chi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hong-Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jia-Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.
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First findings of gap junction proteins in human urothelial carcinoma. World J Urol 2015; 34:145-7. [PMID: 26511750 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-015-1717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Poyet C, Buser L, Roudnicky F, Detmar M, Hermanns T, Mannhard D, Höhn A, Rüschoff J, Zhong Q, Sulser T, Moch H, Wild PJ. Connexin 43 expression predicts poor progression-free survival in patients with non-muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:819-24. [PMID: 26251520 PMCID: PMC4602233 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the protein expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in primary urothelial bladder cancer and test its association with the histopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. Methods A tissue microarray containing 348 tissue samples from 174 patients with primary urothelial carcinomas of the bladder was immunohistochemically stained for Cx43. The intensity of staining was semiquantitatively evaluated (score 0, 1+, 2+), and the association with clinicopathological features was assessed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors for progression-free survival (PFS). Results Membranous Cx43 immunoreactivity was detected in 118 (67.8%) of 174 analysable urothelial carcinomas, of which 31 (17.8%) showed even a strong (score 2+) and mainly homogeneous staining. Strong expression levels of Cx43 (score 2+) were associated with higher tumour grade, multiplicity and increased proliferation (all p<0.05). In the subgroup of patients with stage pTa and pT1 bladder tumours (n=158), strong Cx43 expression (p<0.001), solid growth pattern (p<0.001) and increased Ki-67 proliferation fraction (p<0.05) were significantly associated with shorter PFS in an univariable Cox regression analysis. In multivariable Cox regression models, Cx43 immunoreactivity and histological growth pattern remained highly significant and adverse risk factors for PFS. Conclusions The expression levels of Cx43 are frequent in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), with high expression levels being associated with poor prognosis. Routine assessment of Cx43 expression may improve the identification of high-risk NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Buser
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Filip Roudnicky
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Doris Mannhard
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Höhn
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rüschoff
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing Zhong
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Wild
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Canda AE, Dogan H, Kandemir O, Atmaca AF, Akbulut Z, Balbay MD. Does diabetes affect the distribution and number of interstitial cells and neuronal tissue in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of humans? Cent European J Urol 2014; 67:366-74. [PMID: 25667756 PMCID: PMC4310884 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2014.04.art10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the distribution and number of interstitial cells (ICs) and neuronal tissue in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of human patients with and without diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human tissue was obtained from patients who had undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (10 diabetic and 11 non-diabetic males). Interstitial cells were stained immunohistochemically with anti-human CD117 (c-kit) rabbit polyclonal antibody, Vimentin, and Connexin-43. Neural tissue was stained with synaptophysin. The number of ICs and neurons was evaluated and compared between the groups (diabetic versus non-diabetic). RESULTS The mean number of c-kit (+) ICs in bladder lamina propria was significantly decreased in diabetics (32.40 ±12.96 versus 57.18 ±25.37, p = 0.036). The mean number of ICs in the detrusor muscle was significantly decreased in diabetics (40.50 ±16.79 versus 64.55 ±22.08, p = 0.013). Between the groups, no significant differences were detected regarding the number of ICs at the level of the ureter, urethra, and prostate. No significant differences were detected regarding the number of nerves in the ureter, bladder, prostate, and urethra of both groups. CONCLUSIONS The number of ICs may be decreased in the lamina propria and detrusor muscle of the human bladder in diabetes. This can be an underlying cause of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction in diabetics. Research into the development of drugs targeting or stimulating IC function in order to prevent diabetic LUT dysfunction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Erdem Canda
- Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Dogan
- Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olcay Kandemir
- Ankara Oncology Training & Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Fuat Atmaca
- Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziya Akbulut
- Yildirim Beyazit University, School of Medicine, Ankara Ataturk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
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Dai S, Liu J, Sun X, Wang N. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing VEGF expression and up-regulating the expression of connexin 43. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:434. [PMID: 25374251 PMCID: PMC4232730 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Reishimax) is an herbal mushroom known to have inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its anti-proliferative effects on the ovarian cancer have not been fully elucidated. Methods Human ovarian cancer cells HO 8910 (HOCC) and human primary ovarian cells (HPOC) were treated with G. lucidum. Effects of G. lucidum treatment on cell proliferation were studied by MTT assay. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and connexin 43 (Cx43) were measured by immunohistochemistry and real time polymerase chain reaction. To study the molecular mechanism of CX43 mediated anti-tumor activity, small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown Cx43 expression in HOCC. Results G. lucidum treatment resulted in reduced proliferation of HOCC. Inhibition of proliferation was accompanied by a decrease in VEGF expression and increase in Cx43 expression in the cancer cells. The extent of immune-reactivity of Cx43 or VEGF in cancer cells were correlated with the concentrations of G. lucidum used for treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of Cx43 expression in HOCC abrogated the effect of G. lucidum on cell proliferation without alteration of G. lucidum-induced attenuation of VEGF expression. Conclusions G. lucidum inhibits ovarian cancer by down-regulating the expression of VEGF and up-regulating the downstream Cx43 expression. G. lucidum may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Gil da Costa RM, Oliveira PA, Bastos MMSM, Lopes CC, Lopes C. Ptaquiloside-induced early-stage urothelial lesions show increased cell proliferation and intact β-catenin and E-cadherin expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:763-769. [PMID: 22859263 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is a carcinogenic plant whose main toxin, ptaquiloside, causes cancer in farm and laboratory animals. Ptaquiloside contaminates underground waters as well as meat and milk from bracken-grazing animals and is a suspected human carcinogen. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis can be achieved by studying the early stages of this process. Unfortunately, most research on ptaquiloside has focused on the late, malignant, lesions, so the early changes of ptaquiloside-induced carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. This study aims to characterize early-stage ptaquiloside-induced urinary bladder lesions both morphologically and immunohistochemically. 12 male CD-1 mice were administered 0.5 mg ptaquiloside intraperitoneally, weekly, for 15 weeks, followed by 15 weeks without treatment. 12 control animals were administered saline. Bladders were tested immunohistochemically for antibodies against a cell proliferation marker (Ki-67), and two cell adhesion markers (E-cadherin and β-catenin). Two exposed animals died during the work. Six ptaquiloside-exposed mice developed low-grade and two developed high grade urothelial dysplasia. No lesions were detected on control animals. Significantly, increased (p < 0.05) Ki-67 labeling indices were found on dysplastic urothelium from ptaquiloside-exposed mice, compared with controls. No differences were found concerning E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. Early-stage ptaquiloside-induced urothelial lesions show increased cell proliferation but there is no evidence for reduced intercellular adhesiveness, though this may be a later event in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M Gil da Costa
- Pathology and Molecular Immunology Department, Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003-Porto, Portugal; Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, LEPAE, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465-Porto, Portugal
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Pannexin 1 involvement in bladder dysfunction in a multiple sclerosis model. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2152. [PMID: 23827947 PMCID: PMC3701900 DOI: 10.1038/srep02152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction is common in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) but little is known of its pathophysiology. We show that mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a MS model, have micturition dysfunction and altered expression of genes associated with bladder mechanosensory, transduction and signaling systems including pannexin 1 (Panx1) and Gja1 (encoding connexin43, referred to here as Cx43). EAE mice with Panx1 depletion (Panx1−/−) displayed similar neurological deficits but lesser micturition dysfunction compared to Panx1+/+ EAE. Cx43 and IL-1β upregulation in Panx1+/+ EAE bladder mucosa was not observed in Panx1−/− EAE. In urothelial cells, IL-1β stimulation increased Cx43 expression, dye-coupling, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation. SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) prevented IL-1β-induced Cx43 upregulation. IL-1β also increased IL-1β, IL-1R-1, PANX1 and CASP1 expression. Mefloquine (Panx1 blocker) reduced these IL-1β responses. We propose that Panx1 signaling provides a positive feedback loop for inflammatory responses involved in bladder dysfunction in MS.
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Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. Bovine papillomavirus: opening new trends for comparative pathology. Arch Virol 2013; 159:191-8. [PMID: 23929231 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For many years, research on bovine papillomavirus (BPV) has contributed to the understanding of papillomavirus-induced pathology in humans and animals. The present review shows how recent studies on BPV keep providing evidence concerning key points in viral infection, such as the expression of viral proteins in lymphocytes and the occurrence of productive infections of the placenta. Studies on BPV-induced tumours also provide important information concerning the mechanisms of oncogenesis and immune evasion, as in the cases of connexin 43 down-regulation with loss of intercellular gap junctions and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) down-regulation in equine sarcoids. The biological functions of viral proteins are also being further clarified, as in the case of E2, which was recently shown to load BPV genomes into host chromosomes during the S phase, a process mediated by the ChlR1 protein. In the near future, the ongoing efforts to characterize and classify additional emerging BPV types are likely to broaden even further the possibilities for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M Gil da Costa
- Laboratory for Process, Environmental and Energy Engineering (LEPAE), Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal,
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Corteggio A, Altamura G, Roperto F, Borzacchiello G. Bovine papillomavirus E5 and E7 oncoproteins in naturally occurring tumors: are two better than one? Infect Agent Cancer 2013; 8:1. [PMID: 23302179 PMCID: PMC3562249 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are oncogenic DNA viruses, which mainly induce benign lesions of cutaneous and/or mucosal epithelia in cattle. Thirteen (BPV 1-13) different viral genotypes have been characterized so far. BPVs are usually species-specific but BPV 1/2 may also infect equids as well as buffaloes and bison and cause tumors in these species. BPV-induced benign lesions usually regress, however occasionally they develop into cancer particularly in the presence of environmental carcinogenic co-factors. The major transforming protein of BPV is E5, a very short hydrophobic, transmembrane protein with many oncogenic activities. E5 contributes to cell transformation through the activation of the cellular β receptor for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFβ-r), it also decreases cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) causing viral escape from immunosurveillance, and plays a role in the inhibition of the intracellular communication by means of aberrant connexin expression. E7 is considered as a weak transforming gene, it synergies with E5 in cell transformation during cancer development. E7 expression correlates in vivo with the over-expression of β1-integrin, which plays a role in the regulation of keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, E7 is involved in cell-mediated immune responses leading to tumour rejection, in anoikis process by direct binding to p600, and in invasion process by upregulation of Matrix metalloproteinase1 (MMP-1) expression. Studies on the role of BPV E5 and E7 oncoproteins in naturally occurring tumours are of scientific value, as they may shed new light on the biological role of these two oncogenes in cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Corteggio
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria, Napoli 1 80137, Italy.
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Silva MA, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Roperto F, Bocaneti F, Velescu E, Freitas AC, Carvalho CCR, Cavalcanti KPS, Borzacchiello G. Expression of connexin 26 and bovine papillomavirus E5 in cutaneous fibropapillomas of cattle. Vet J 2012; 195:337-43. [PMID: 22892185 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) can infect epithelial cells and fibroblasts, inducing fibropapillomas in cattle. Gap junctions are communication channels between cells composed of connexins (Cxs). This study evaluated expression of Cx26 and the major BPV oncoprotein E5 in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. BPV DNA was amplified from 20/20 fibropapillomas and 3/3 samples of normal skin. All fibropapillomas (20/20) were positive by immunostaining for E5, whereas the three normal skin samples were negative. Cx26 was expressed faintly in the normal skin epithelium. Positive cytoplasmic and juxtanuclear immunoreactivity for Cx26 was evident in 18/20 (90%) fibropapillomas. Western blot analysis demonstrated higher expression of Cx26 in 6/6 fibropapillomas compared to normal skin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelica Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50740521 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Gil da Costa RM, Bastos MMSM, Oliveira PA, Lopes C. Bracken-associated human and animal health hazards: chemical, biological and pathological evidence. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 203-204:1-12. [PMID: 22226718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is a widely distributed carcinogenic fern, to whose toxins human populations are exposed through multiple routes. Animals are also affected by bracken toxins, leading to serious production losses yearly. Accordingly, several governmental reports regarding the safeguard of public health against bracken carcinogens have been recently issued. This review describes the main bioactive compounds identified in bracken and their biological effects at the molecular, cellular, pathological and populational levels, with particular emphasis on ptaquiloside, the main bracken carcinogen. Recent biopathological studies shedding further light on the genotoxicity immunotoxicity and carcinogenicity of ptaquiloside are discussed. Key steps on the long effort to understand bracken toxicology are also reviewed, along with the latest findings on new bracken toxins and human exposures routes. The presence of ptaquiloside and related terpene glycosides in milk, meat and water are of particular concern from the viewpoints of both human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gil da Costa
- Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
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