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Bullard RL, Cheslock M, Goud Gadila SK, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB, Saied AA, Embers ME. A comparison of Bartonella henselae infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297280. [PMID: 38346057 PMCID: PMC10861063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bartonellosis refers to disease caused by the Bartonella genus of bacteria. The breadth of disease manifestations associated with Bartonella is currently expanding and includes regional lymphadenopathy, rheumatic, ocular, and neurological disorders. The dearth of knowledge regarding diagnosis, treatment and pathogenesis of this disease can be partially attributed to the lack of a reliable small animal model for the disease. For this study, Bartonella henselae, the most common species associated with human disease, was injected into Swiss Webster (SW) mice. When the outcome indicated that productive infection did not occur, SCID/Beige (immune compromised) mice were inoculated. While SW mice may potentially harbor an acute infection, less than 10 days in length, the SCID/Beige model provided a sustained infection lasting up to 30-days. These data indicate that SCID/Beige mice can provide a model to study Bartonella infection, therapeutics, and vector dynamics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L. Bullard
- Division of Immunology, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Cheslock
- Division of Immunology, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Ricardo G. Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ahmad A. Saied
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Monica E. Embers
- Division of Immunology, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
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Fingerhood S, Neupane P, Breitschwerdt EB, Choi EA. Diagnostic challenge in veterinary pathology: Tri-cavitary effusion in a cat with systemic pyogranulomatous inflammation. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241226648. [PMID: 38247129 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241226648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
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Liedig C, Neupane P, Lashnits E, Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG. Blood Supplementation Enhances Bartonella henselae Growth and Molecular Detection of Bacterial DNA in Liquid Culture. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0512622. [PMID: 37227273 PMCID: PMC10269525 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05126-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Bartonella, a member of the Alphaproteobacteria, are fastidious, Gram-negative, aerobic bacilli that comprise numerous species, subspecies, and genotypes. Bartonella henselae, with a worldwide distribution, infects cats, dogs, horses, humans, and other mammals. Diagnostically, direct detection of Bartonella henselae in patient blood specimens by culture or molecular methods is required to confirm infection with this bacterium. Enrichment blood culture combined with quantitative PCR (qPCR) or ddPCR enhances the sensitivity of direct detection. The addition of sheep blood to liquid culture media increased the Bartonella henselae DNA concentration compared to controls, additionally improving PCR direct detection sensitivity. IMPORTANCE This study aims to improve diagnostic detection of Bartonella henselae. Patient samples are combined with enriched bacterial cultures aimed at growing Bartonella henselae for the best possible chance at detection. However, current Bartonella growth methods could be improved. The DNA extraction method used by most laboratories should also be optimized. Sheep blood was added to increase the growth of Bartonella henselae and multiple DNA extraction methods were to be compared to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chance Liedig
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pradeep Neupane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erin Lashnits
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ricardo G. Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Parsafar S, Beheshti Maal K, Akkafi HR, Rahimzadeh Torabi L. Isolation and identification of specific lytic bacteriophages as a biocontrol agent against Serratia odorifera PBA-IAUF-1 and Kluyvera intermedia PBA-IAUF-6 causing bacterial canker in the grape and Siberian pear. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad115. [PMID: 37930829 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial canker, a prevalent disease among fruit trees, is a significant concern. The use of phage therapy is presently seen as a dependable biological strategy to control bacterial diseases in fruits. The objective of this research was to use various biochemical and molecular techniques to determine the types of bacteria responsible for causing cankers in various fruits. Additionally, their ability to cause disease in the fruit tissues was assessed, the specific bacteriophages targeting these bacteria were isolated and identified. The bacteria were separated from different parts of the infected fruits like grapes and Siberian pears. The selection of fruit tissues showing signs of canker disease was performed, and the validation of the isolates' pathogenicity was confirmed following Koch's principles. Subsequently, in order to establish a conclusive identification of the bacterial species, molecular identification was conducted through the sequencing of a specific fragment within the 16S rRNA following amplification by PCR by using universal primers, RW01 and DG74. Isolation and titration of phages specific to fruit spoilage bacteria was done by spot and double-layer agar method, and the growth curve of the isolated bacteriophage was drawn. The phages were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the study proved the presence of canker causing agents, Kluyvera intermedia PBA-IAUF-6 with the code Sh6 in the Siberian pears, and Serratia odorifera PBA-IAUF-1 with the code Rz3 in the grape fruits, which were deposited in GenBank with the accession numbers of KU878579 and KU168605, respectively. Isolation of the specific bacteriophages to the S. odorifera PBA-IAUF-1 and K. intermedia PBA-IAUF-6 bacterial strains were done from the effluent of South Isfahan wastewater treatment plant and Caspian Sea water, respectively. The titer of the specific phage to S. odorifera PBA-IAUF-1 and K. intermedia PBA-IAUF-6 was detected in the samples as 2.2 × 10-5 and 5 × 10-11 PFU/ml, respectively. An electron micrograph of a bacteriophage that targets two different bacterial strains revealed phages with a geometrically shaped head and a flexible tail, which resembled viruses from the Siphoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Parsafar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan 84515/155, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keivan Beheshti Maal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan 84515/155, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Akkafi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan 84515/155, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ladan Rahimzadeh Torabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan 84515/155, Isfahan, Iran
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Okrent Smolar AL, Breitschwerdt EB, Phillips PH, Newman NJ, Biousse V. Cat scratch disease: What to do with the cat? Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 28:101702. [PMID: 36147775 PMCID: PMC9485036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cat scratch disease (CSD) frequently has ophthalmologic manifestations. The ophthalmologist's approach to treating neuroretinitis is familiar, but few eye care providers are comfortable answering the next question of “what do I do with my cat?” Published guidelines are often vague in answering the complexities of real-life conundrums that can lead patients and their doctors to believe that risk mitigation should involve removal of the animal. Here, we present demonstrative scenarios informed by clinical practice and provide updated recommendations. Observations A 10-year-old boy presented with reduced vision in the right eye. Funduscopic examination identified optic nerve head edema with subretinal fluid, and a macular star developed one week later, consistent with the diagnosis of neuroretinitis. Serology confirmed Bartonella henselae antibodies and a diagnosis of CSD. The father disclosed that the family has recently adopted three kittens, who have scratched the boy and the patient's younger sister. The physician and patient's family find themselves at a loss regarding best practices for what should be done with the kittens. Conclusions and Importance B. henselae has been detected in a variety of mammals and can be transmitted via vectors such as fleas. Even well-appearing animals can transmit the bacteria, months to years after their initial infection. Symptoms, clinical and laboratory findings will depend on bacterial load and strain virulence, as well as the physiological/immunological status of the host, with people at the extremes of age and the immunocompromised being at greater disease risk. Flea control is crucial to minimize transmission risk. Our veterinary expert (EBB) recommends testing (with serology and PCR) and treating infected animals (with doxycycline and a quinolone). Patients should be counseled to speak with their pets’ veterinarian. When addressing the concerns of our CSD patients in clinical practice, ophthalmologists should be aware of the strategies for minimizing Bartonella transmission risk, and cognizant of the One Health approach for managing zoonoses.
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Taber R, Pankowski A, Ludwig AL, Jensen M, Magsamen V, Lashnits E. Bartonellosis in Dogs and Cats, an Update. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:1163-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Easley F, Taylor L, B. Breitschwerdt E. Suspected Bartonella osteomyelitis in a dog. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04512. [PMID: 34306698 PMCID: PMC8294148 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella associated osteomyelitis, while described in humans and a cat, has to our knowledge not been described in dogs. Infection with Bartonella spp. should be considered as a potential bacterial cause of osteomyelitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie Easley
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | | | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- Intracellular Pathogens Research LaboratoryComparative Medicine InstituteCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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Ericson ME, Breitschwerdt EB, Reicherter P, Maxwell C, Maggi RG, Melvin RG, Maluki AH, Bradley JM, Miller JC, Simmons GE, Dencklau J, Joppru K, Peterson J, Bae W, Scanlon J, Bemis LT. Bartonella henselae Detected in Malignant Melanoma, a Preliminary Study. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030326. [PMID: 33802018 PMCID: PMC7998106 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella bacilliformis (B. bacilliformis), Bartonella henselae (B. henselae), and Bartonella quintana (B. quintana) are bacteria known to cause verruga peruana or bacillary angiomatosis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent cutaneous lesions in humans. Given the bacteria's association with the dermal niche and clinical suspicion of occult infection by a dermatologist, we determined if patients with melanoma had evidence of Bartonella spp. infection. Within a one-month period, eight patients previously diagnosed with melanoma volunteered to be tested for evidence of Bartonella spp. exposure/infection. Subsequently, confocal immunohistochemistry and PCR for Bartonella spp. were used to study melanoma tissues from two patients. Blood from seven of the eight patients was either seroreactive, PCR positive, or positive by both modalities for Bartonella spp. exposure. Subsequently, Bartonella organisms that co-localized with VEGFC immunoreactivity were visualized using multi-immunostaining confocal microscopy of thick skin sections from two patients. Using a co-culture model, B. henselae was observed to enter melanoma cell cytoplasm and resulted in increased vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) production. Findings from this small number of patients support the need for future investigations to determine the extent to which Bartonella spp. are a component of the melanoma pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marna E. Ericson
- T Lab Inc., 910 Clopper Road, Suite 220S, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA;
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.B.B.); (R.G.M.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Paul Reicherter
- Dermatology Clinic, Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Cole Maxwell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.M.); (A.H.M.); (J.D.); (J.P.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Ricardo G. Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.B.B.); (R.G.M.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Richard G. Melvin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Duluth Campus, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (R.G.M.); (G.E.S.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Azar H. Maluki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.M.); (A.H.M.); (J.D.); (J.P.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa 54003, Iraq
| | - Julie M. Bradley
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.B.B.); (R.G.M.); (J.M.B.)
| | | | - Glenn E. Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Duluth Campus, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (R.G.M.); (G.E.S.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Jamie Dencklau
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.M.); (A.H.M.); (J.D.); (J.P.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Keaton Joppru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Duluth Campus, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (R.G.M.); (G.E.S.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Jack Peterson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.M.); (A.H.M.); (J.D.); (J.P.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Will Bae
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.M.); (A.H.M.); (J.D.); (J.P.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Janet Scanlon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (C.M.); (A.H.M.); (J.D.); (J.P.); (W.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Lynne T. Bemis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Duluth Campus, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (R.G.M.); (G.E.S.J.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-720-560-0278; Fax: +1-218-726-7906
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Bartonella Associated Cutaneous Lesions (BACL) in People with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121023. [PMID: 33291688 PMCID: PMC7761945 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella species are globally important emerging pathogens that were not known to infect animals or humans in North America prior to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Ongoing improvements in diagnostic testing modalities have allowed for the discovery of Bartonella species (spp.) DNA in blood; cerebrospinal fluid; and the skin of patients with cutaneous lesions, fatigue, myalgia, and neurological symptoms. We describe Bartonella spp. test results for participants reporting neuropsychiatric symptoms, the majority of whom reported the concurrent development of cutaneous lesions. Study participants completed a medical history, a risk factor questionnaire, and provided cutaneous lesion photographs. Bartonella spp. serology and Bartonella alpha proteobacteria enrichment blood culture/PCR were assessed. Within a 14-month period, 33 participants enrolled; 29/33 had serological and/or PCR evidence supporting Bartonella spp. infection, of whom 24 reported concurrent cutaneous lesions since neuropsychiatric symptom onset. We conclude that cutaneous lesions were common among people reporting neuropsychiatric symptoms and Bartonella spp. infection or exposure. Additional studies, using sensitive microbiological and imaging techniques, are needed to determine if, or to what extent, Bartonella spp. might contribute to cutaneous lesions and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients.
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Ernst E, Qurollo B, Olech C, Breitschwerdt EB. Bartonella rochalimae, a newly recognized pathogen in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1447-1453. [PMID: 32415797 PMCID: PMC7379054 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bartonella spp. comprise a genus of bacteria that frequently cause persistent, often subclinical infection. Although many Bartonella spp. have been implicated in a variety of clinical presentations, Bartonella rochalimae has yet to be documented in association with a clinical presentation other than infectious endocarditis (IE) in dogs. Objectives To document a spectrum of clinical presentations accompanied by mild hematological abnormalities in B rochalimae‐infected dogs from the United States. Animals Eight dogs with documented B rochalimae infection. Methods Retrospective 10‐year study of B rochalimae naturally infected dogs. Clinical and clinicopathologic data, including medical history, CBC, serum biochemistry panel, urinalysis, echocardiogram, and comprehensive vector‐borne disease diagnostic panel results, were reviewed. Results Eight dogs were diagnosed with B rochalimae via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Five dogs were diagnosed with IE. Three dogs, PCR positive for B rochalimae, were diagnosed with seizures or antibiotic responsive lameness or during routine screening of a military working dog. Conclusions This case series provides support for an association between B rochalimae and IE and provides documentation of dogs infected with B rochalimae with other clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Ernst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara Qurollo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn Olech
- Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Breitschwerdt EB, Greenberg R, Maggi RG, Mozayeni BR, Lewis A, Bradley JM. Bartonella henselae Bloodstream Infection in a Boy With Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2019; 11:1179573519832014. [PMID: 30911227 PMCID: PMC6423671 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519832014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of more sensitive culture and molecular diagnostic testing modalities, Bartonella spp. infections have been documented in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with diverse neurological symptoms. Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is characterized by an unusually abrupt onset of cognitive, behavioral, or neurological symptoms. Between October 2015 and January 2017, a 14-year-old boy underwent evaluation by multiple specialists for sudden-onset psychotic behavior (hallucinations, delusions, suicidal and homicidal ideation). METHODS In March 2017, Bartonella spp. serology (indirect fluorescent antibody assays) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, DNA sequencing, and Bartonella enrichment blood culture were used on a research basis to assess Bartonella spp. exposure and bloodstream infection, respectively. PCR assays targeting other vector-borne infections were performed to assess potential co-infections. RESULTS For 18 months, the boy remained psychotic despite 4 hospitalizations, therapeutic trials involving multiple psychiatric medication combinations, and immunosuppressive treatment for autoimmune encephalitis. Neurobartonellosis was diagnosed after cutaneous lesions developed. Subsequently, despite nearly 2 consecutive months of doxycycline administration, Bartonella henselae DNA was PCR amplified and sequenced from the patient's blood, and from Bartonella alphaproteobacteria growth medium enrichment blood cultures. B henselae serology was negative. During treatment with combination antimicrobial chemotherapy, he experienced a gradual progressive decrease in neuropsychiatric symptoms, cessation of psychiatric drugs, resolution of Bartonella-associated cutaneous lesions, and a return to all pre-illness activities. CONCLUSIONS This case report suggests that B henselae bloodstream infection may contribute to progressive, recalcitrant neuropsychiatric symptoms consistent with PANS in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research
Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Ricardo G Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research
Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Allen Lewis
- Sancta Familia Center for Integrative
Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julie M Bradley
- Intracellular Pathogens Research
Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Quach C, Bradley JM. Bartonella spp. Bloodstream Infection in a Canadian Family. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 19:234-241. [PMID: 30589638 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, Bartonella spp. have been associated with febrile illness (Oroya fever, trench fever, and cat scratch disease), endocarditis (numerous Bartonella spp.), and vasoproliferative lesions (Bartonella bacilliformis, Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae, and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii), occurring most often but not exclusively in immunocompromised patients. Recently, bloodstream infections with various Bartonella spp. have been documented in nonimmunocompromised individuals in association with a spectrum of cardiovascular, neurologic, and rheumatologic symptoms. As documented in this family, symptoms for which the medical implications remain unclear can occur in multiple family members infected with one or more Bartonella spp. Serial serologic and molecular microbiological findings supported exposure to or infection with Bartonella spp. in all seven family members. Either antibiotics failed to eliminate bacteremic infection, resulted in partial resolution of symptoms, or potentially reinfection occurred during the 19-month study period. There is a substantial need for clinical research to clarify the extent to which Bartonella spp. bacteremia induces nonspecific cardiovascular, neurologic, or rheumatologic symptoms, for ongoing improvement in the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic testing, and clarification as to if, when, and how to treat patients with documented Bartonella spp. bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Breitschwerdt
- 1 Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ricardo G Maggi
- 1 Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Caroline Quach
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,3 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,4 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julie M Bradley
- 1 Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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13
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Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG. Bartonella quintana and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. vinsonii bloodstream co-infection in a girl from North Carolina, USA. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 208:101-107. [PMID: 30250981 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Bartonella consists of globally distributed and highly diverse alpha-proteobacteria that infect a wide-range of mammals. Medically, Bartonella spp. constitute emerging, vector-borne, zoonotic, intravascular organisms that induce long-lasting bacteremia in reservoir-adapted (passive carrier of a microorganism) hosts. At times, these bacteria are accidentally transmitted by animal scratches, bites, needles sticks or vectors to animal or human hosts. We report the first documented human case of blood stream infection with Bartonella vinsonii subsp. vinsonii in a girl from North Carolina, USA, who was co-infected with Bartonella quintana. Limitations of Bartonella spp. serology and the challenges of microbiological culture and molecular diagnostic confirmation of co-infection with more than one Bartonella spp. are discussed. When and where these infections were acquired is unknown; however, exposure to rodents, fleas and cats in the peri-equestrian environment was a suspected source for transmission of both organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Ricardo G Maggi
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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14
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Elsmo EJ, Fenton H, Cleveland CA, Shock B, Cunningham M, Howerth EW, Yabsley MJ. Necrotizing interstitial pneumonia and suppurative myocarditis associated with Bartonella henselae infection in three Florida pumas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:728-732. [PMID: 30027827 PMCID: PMC6505792 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718789226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Florida pumas ( Puma concolor coryi) that had spent time in captivity prior to being released in the wild were found exhibiting respiratory signs and reluctance to move. All 3 pumas died shortly after immobilization, despite supportive veterinary care. Significant autopsy findings included necrotizing interstitial pneumonia, with pulmonary edema and hyaline membranes, and suppurative myocarditis. Organisms morphologically consistent with Bartonella henselae were identified in intravascular histiocytes in the lung of one of the pumas on histopathology and confirmed via transmission electron microscopy. B. henselae was detected in fresh lung tissue and confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis (16S-23S spacer region, pap31, and rpoB genes) from one of the affected pumas. In all affected pumas, B. henselae was detected by PCR in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue, and positively staining organisms were identified in sections of lung by immunohistochemistry for B. henselae. In situ hybridization detected B. henselae DNA in lung tissue from 2 of 3 affected pumas. Our case series suggests that B. henselae can be associated with a fatal disease syndrome in Florida pumas. The cause of susceptibility to fatal disease associated with B. henselae infection in these pumas remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Elsmo
- Elizabeth J. Elsmo, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 589 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602.
| | - Heather Fenton
- Departments of Population Health (Elsmo, Fenton, Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Veterinary Pathology (Elsmo, Howerth), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley)
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN (Shock)
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL (Cunningham)
| | - Christopher A. Cleveland
- Departments of Population Health (Elsmo, Fenton, Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Veterinary Pathology (Elsmo, Howerth), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley)
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN (Shock)
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL (Cunningham)
| | - Barbara Shock
- Departments of Population Health (Elsmo, Fenton, Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Veterinary Pathology (Elsmo, Howerth), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley)
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN (Shock)
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL (Cunningham)
| | - Mark Cunningham
- Departments of Population Health (Elsmo, Fenton, Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Veterinary Pathology (Elsmo, Howerth), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley)
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN (Shock)
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL (Cunningham)
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Departments of Population Health (Elsmo, Fenton, Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Veterinary Pathology (Elsmo, Howerth), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley)
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN (Shock)
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL (Cunningham)
| | - Michael J. Yabsley
- Departments of Population Health (Elsmo, Fenton, Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Veterinary Pathology (Elsmo, Howerth), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Cleveland, Shock, Yabsley)
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN (Shock)
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL (Cunningham)
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15
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Donovan TA, Balakrishnan N, Carvalho Barbosa I, McCoy T, Breitschwerdt EB, Fox PR. Bartonella spp. as a Possible Cause or Cofactor of Feline Endomyocarditis-Left Ventricular Endocardial Fibrosis Complex. J Comp Pathol 2018; 162:29-42. [PMID: 30060840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Endomyocarditis is a commonly detected post-mortem finding in domestic cats presenting for sudden onset cardiovascular death, yet the aetiology remains unresolved. Cats are documented reservoir hosts for Bartonella henselae, the infectious cause of cat scratch disease in man. Various Bartonella spp. have been associated with culture-negative endocarditis, myocarditis and sudden death in man and animals. We hypothesized that Bartonella spp. DNA could be amplified more often from the hearts of cats with feline endomyocarditis-left ventricular endocardial fibrosis (FEMC-LVEF) complex compared with cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or cats with grossly and microscopically unremarkable hearts (designated non-cardiac disease controls). Formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded, cardiac tissues from 60 domestic and purebred cats aged 3 months to 18 years were examined, and histological features were recorded. Cardiac tissue sections were tested for Bartonella DNA using multiple 16-23S intergenic transcribed spacer region polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets, including two Bartonella genera, a Bartonella koehlerae species-specific and a Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii-specific assay, followed by DNA sequence confirmation of the species or genotype. Special precautions were taken to avoid DNA cross-contamination between tissues. Bartonella spp. DNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced from 18 of 36 cats (50%) with FEMC-LVEF and 1/12 (8.3%) cats with HCM. Bartonella spp. DNA was not amplified from any non-cardiac disease control hearts. Based on PCR/DNA sequencing, one Bartonella spp. was amplified from 10 cats, while the remaining eight were coinfected with more than one Bartonella spp. To our knowledge, this study represents the first documentation of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype I infection in cats (n = 11). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization testing facilitated visualization of Bartonella bacteria within the myocardium of four of seven PCR-positive FEMC-LVEF hearts. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that Bartonella spp. may play a primary role or act as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of FEMC-LVEF. Studies involving cats from other geographical regions and definitive demonstration of Bartonella spp. within regions of inflammation are needed to confirm an association between Bartonella spp. and FEMC-LVEF induced morbidity and mortality in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Donovan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, State Laboratory of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - I Carvalho Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - T McCoy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - E B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - P R Fox
- Department of Cardiology, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Müller A, Soto F, Sepúlveda M, Bittencourt P, Benevenute JL, Ikeda P, Machado RZ, André MR. Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B. henselae in dogs. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1202-1204. [PMID: 29729679 PMCID: PMC9134356 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to molecularly survey Bartonella in dogs from Chile. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for Bartonella spp. based on nuoG gene was performed in 139 blood samples taken from dogs belonging to rural localities of the Valdivia Province, Los Ríos region, southern Chile. nuoG qPCR-positive samples were submitted to conventional PCR assays for ftsZ, gltA, rpoB and nuoG genes and sequencing for speciation and phylogenetic analysis. Based upon qPCR results, Bartonella spp. occurrence in dogs was 4.3% (6/139). Out of six nuoG qPCR-positive samples, six, three, two and none showed positive results in cPCR assays based on gltA, ftsZ, rpoB and nuoG genes, respectively. Consistent sequencing results were obtained only for the ftsZ gene from sample #1532 (GeneBank accession number: MG252491), and gltA gene from samples #1535 (MG252490) and #1532 (148 bp fragment that was not deposited in GenBank). Phylogenetic analysis of ftsZ and gltA genes allowed speciation of two nuoG-positive samples, one as Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and the other as B. henselae. Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B. henselae are detected for the first time in dogs from Chile, highlighting the importance of the canine population as a source of zoonotic agents and potential infection risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Müller
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - F. Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M. Sepúlveda
- Gerencia de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas, Corporación Nacional Forestal, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - P. Bittencourt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Chile
| | - J. L. Benevenute
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - P. Ikeda
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - R. Z. Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - M. R. André
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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17
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Tay ST, Kho KL, Lye SF, Ngeow YF. Phylogeny and putative virulence gene analysis of Bartonella bovis. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:653-661. [PMID: 29311425 PMCID: PMC5938196 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella bovis is a small Gram-negative bacterium recognized as an
etiological agent for bacteremia and endocarditis in cattle. As few reports are available
on the taxonomic position of B. bovis and its mechanism of virulence,
this study aims to resolve the phylogeny of B. bovis and investigate
putative virulence genes based on whole genome sequence analysis. Genome-wide comparisons
based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and orthologous genes were performed in
this study for phylogenetic inference of 27 Bartonella species. Rapid
Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) analysis was used for annotation of putative
virulence genes. The phylogenetic tree generated from the genome-wide comparison of
orthologous genes exhibited a topology almost similar to that of the tree generated from
SNP-based comparison, indicating a high concordance in the nucleotide and amino acid
sequences of Bartonella spp. The analyses show consistent grouping of
B. bovis in a cluster related to ruminant-associated species, including
Bartonella australis, Bartonella melophagi and
Bartonella schoenbuchensis. RAST analysis revealed genes encoding
flagellar components, in corroboration with the observation of flagella-like structure of
BbUM strain under negative straining. Genes associated with virulence, disease and
defence, prophages, membrane transport, iron acquisition, motility and chemotaxis are
annotated in B. bovis genome. The flagellin (flaA) gene
of B. bovis is closely related to Bartonella
bacilliformis and Bartonella clarridgeiae but distinct from
other Gram-negative bacteria. The absence of type IV secretion systems, the bona
fide pathogenicity factors of bartonellae, in B. bovis
suggests that it may have a different mechanism of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Tee Tay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Ling Kho
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Fen Lye
- BioEasy Sdn Bhd. Setia Avenue, 33A-3, Jalan Setia Prima S, U13/S, Setia Alam, Seksyen U13, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor DE, Malaysia
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18
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Randell MG, Balakrishnan N, Gunn-Christie R, Mackin A, Breitschwerdt EB. Bartonella henselae infection in a dog with recalcitrant ineffective erythropoiesis. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:45-50. [PMID: 29393980 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ineffective erythropoiesis was diagnosed in an 8-year-old male castrated Labrador Retriever. Despite treatment with immunosuppressive therapy for suspected immune-mediated erythrocyte maturation arrest, resolution of the nonregenerative anemia was not achieved. Following documentation of Bartonella henselae bacteremia by Bartonella alpha proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture, immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued, and the anemia resolved following prolonged antibiotic therapy. Bartonella immunofluorescent antibody testing was negative, whereas B henselae western blot was consistently positive. The contribution of B henselae bacteremia to ineffective erythropoiesis remains unknown; however, the potential role of B henselae in the pathophysiology of bone marrow dyscrasias warrants additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandhakumar Balakrishnan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,The Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrew Mackin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,The Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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19
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Shapiro AJ, Brown G, Norris JM, Bosward KL, Marriot DJ, Balakrishnan N, Breitschwerdt EB, Malik R. Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases of dogs in North-west New South Wales and the Northern Territory, Australia. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:238. [PMID: 28810870 PMCID: PMC5558717 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vector-borne diseases of dogs in Australian Aboriginal communities are relatively unexplored. These dogs represent a unique group with variable ecto- and endo-parasitic burdens, nutritional stresses and a general lack of veterinary intervention. We investigated haemoprotozoal and bacterial pathogen prevalences in relation to erythrocyte and platelet numbers in dogs from North-West New South Wales (N-W NSW) and the Northern Territory (NT; Central Australia). Methods Real-time PCR (qPCR) amplification of Anaplasma platys, Babesia vogeli, Mycoplasma haemocanis, Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum and Bartonella spp., serological screening for Coxiella burnetii, and Bartonella spp. and haematological analyses were performed on dogs from the two cohorts (96 dogs in total). Brucella suis serology was determined additionally for the N-W NSW cohort. Results Anaplasma platys (n = 26 dogs), Babesia vogeli (n = 7), Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (n = 10 dogs), and Mycoplasma haemocanis (n = 14) were detected in the sample population (n = 96) using qPCR. There were significant associations between (i) A. platys and anaemia (OR 8.7, CI 2.4–31.7; P < 0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR 12.1, CI 3.4–43.2; P < 0.001) and breed (OR 16.1, CI 2.1–121.5; P = 0.007), and (ii) between B. vogeli and anaemia (OR 11.8, CI 2.3–61.6; P = 0.003). Neither protozoal nor bacterial DNA loads, estimated using qPCR, were positively correlated with anaemia or thrombocytopenia. Haemotropic mycoplasmas were not associated with any haematologic abnormality. Four dogs from the NT were seropositive for Coxiella burnetii, while no dogs were seropositive for Brucella suis or to a panel of Bartonella spp. antigens. Despite directed efforts, Bartonella DNA was not detected in blood from any of the cohorts studied. A sample of dogs from the NT recruited specifically for Bartonella α-proteobacteria growth medium enrichment blood culture were also Bartonella PCR negative. Conclusions Vector-borne pathogens occur in dogs free ranging near Aboriginal communities, with higher detection rates in NT than N-W NSW. The preponderant haematologic abnormalities were anaemia and thrombocytopenia, likely attributable to A. platys and B. vogeli infections, but also probably affected by nutritional, parasitic, lactational and environmental stressors. The absence of Bartonella spp. is of importance to the Australian setting, and work needs to be extended to tropical coastal communities where fleas are present as well as ticks. Dogs living in and around Aboriginal communities may provide valuable sentinel information on disease infection status of human public health significance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1169-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Shapiro
- University of Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Building B14, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Graeme Brown
- University of Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Building B14, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Norris
- University of Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Building B14, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Katrina L Bosward
- University of Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Building B14, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Debbie J Marriot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Nandhakumar Balakrishnan
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Richard Malik
- University of Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Building B14, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia. .,Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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20
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Breitschwerdt EB. Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:96-e21. [PMID: 28133871 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by an expanding number of recently discovered Bartonella spp. OBJECTIVES This review serves as an update on comparative medical aspects of this disease, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and challenges. RESULTS Of comparative medical importance, Bartonella spp. are transmitted by several arthropod vectors, including fleas, keds, lice, sand flies, ticks and, potentially, mites and spiders. Prior to 1990, there was only one named Bartonella species (B. bacilliformis), whereas there are now over 36, of which 17 have been associated with an expanding spectrum of animal and human diseases. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated documentation of chronic bloodstream and dermatological infections with Bartonella spp. in healthy and sick animals, in human blood donors, and in immunocompetent and immunocompromised human patients. The field of Bartonella research remains in its infancy and is rich in questions, for which patient relevant answers are badly needed. Directed Bartonella research could substantially reduce a spectrum of chronic and debilitating animal and human diseases, and thereby reduce suffering throughout the world. CONCLUSION A One Health approach to this emerging infectious disease is clearly needed to define disease manifestations, to establish the comparative infectious disease pathogenesis of this stealth pathogen, to validate effective treatment regimens and to prevent zoonotic disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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21
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Donovan TA, Fox PR, Balakrishnan N, Ericson M, Hooker V, Breitschwerdt EB. Pyogranulomatous Pancarditis with Intramyocardial Bartonella henselae San Antonio 2 (BhSA2) in a Dog. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 31:142-148. [PMID: 27883248 PMCID: PMC5259629 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T A Donovan
- Department of Pathology, The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - P R Fox
- Department of Cardiology, The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - M Ericson
- University of Minnesota Imaging Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - V Hooker
- The Animal Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - E B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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22
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Vayssier-Taussat M, Moutailler S, Féménia F, Raymond P, Croce O, La Scola B, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Identification of Novel Zoonotic Activity of Bartonella spp., France. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:457-62. [PMID: 26885624 PMCID: PMC4766919 DOI: 10.3201/eid2203.150269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
These bacteria may cause paucisymptomatic bacteremia and endocarditis in humans. Certain Bartonella species are known to cause afebrile bacteremia in humans and other mammals, including B. quintana, the agent of trench fever, and B. henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease. Reports have indicated that animal-associated Bartonella species may cause paucisymptomatic bacteremia and endocarditis in humans. We identified potentially zoonotic strains from 6 Bartonella species in samples from patients who had chronic, subjective symptoms and who reported tick bites. Three strains were B. henselae and 3 were from other animal-associated Bartonella spp. (B. doshiae, B. schoenbuchensis, and B. tribocorum). Genomic analysis of the isolated strains revealed differences from previously sequenced Bartonella strains. Our investigation identifed 3 novel Bartonella spp. strains with human pathogenic potential and showed that Bartonella spp. may be the cause of undifferentiated chronic illness in humans who have been bitten by ticks.
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23
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Regier Y, O Rourke F, Kempf VAJ. Bartonella spp. - a chance to establish One Health concepts in veterinary and human medicine. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:261. [PMID: 27161111 PMCID: PMC4862191 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a remarkable health threat for humans and animals. In the past, the epidemiology, etiology and pathology of infectious agents affecting humans and animals have mostly been investigated in separate studies. However, it is evident, that combined approaches are needed to understand geographical distribution, transmission and infection biology of “zoonotic agents”. The genus Bartonella represents a congenial example of the synergistic benefits that can arise from such combined approaches: Bartonella spp. infect a broad variety of animals, are linked with a constantly increasing number of human diseases and are transmitted via arthropod vectors. As a result, the genus Bartonella is predestined to play a pivotal role in establishing a One Health concept combining veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Regier
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fiona O Rourke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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24
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Balakrishnan N, Ericson M, Maggi R, Breitschwerdt EB. Vasculitis, cerebral infarction and persistent Bartonella henselae infection in a child. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:254. [PMID: 27161220 PMCID: PMC4862072 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Bartonella is comprised of a rapidly increasing number of pathogenic species that induce a seemingly diverse spectrum of neurological symptoms. During the 12 year period that followed the initial onset of neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms, an 11 year-old girl experienced a spectrum of neurological complaints including frequent headaches, visual and auditory hallucinations, anxiety, vision loss involving the lower left quadrant of both eyes, episodic bouts of generalized paralysis, facial palsy, chronic insomnia, seizures, dizziness, cognitive dysfunction, and memory loss. PCR assays targeting Bartonella spp. were used to test formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded brain tissue, patient blood specimens and Bartonella alpha Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood cultures. PCR positive amplicons were sequenced directly and compared to GenBank sequences. Bartonella spp. serology was performed by indirect fluorescent antibody testing and confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize B. henselae organisms in resected brain. Results Bartonella henselae DNA was independently PCR amplified and sequenced from the girl’s right parietal lobe, surgically resected in 2000 and from a blood specimen collected in 2012. Although causation cannot be established by a case report, prior diagnostic testing resulted in findings that were either inconclusive or within normal reference ranges and no etiological diagnosis had been obtained to explain the patient’s initial or progressive neurological symptoms. Conclusions As intravascular, intra-erythrocytic and endotheliotropic bacteria, it is possible that B. henselae initially induced a vasculitis, resulting in secondary cerebral infarction, tissue necrosis and surgical resection. Bartonella bacteremia, potentially spanning a 12-year time frame, in conjunction with the therapeutic administration of immunosuppressive drugs may have resulted in a progression and potentiation of the neurological disease that was partially reversible following antibiotic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhakumar Balakrishnan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Marna Ericson
- Cutaneous Imaging Center, Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ricardo Maggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences and the Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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25
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Vayssier-Taussat M, Moutailler S, Féménia F, Raymond P, Croce O, La Scola B, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Identification of Novel Zoonotic Activity of Bartonella spp., France. Emerg Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.3201/eid.2203.150269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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26
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Breitschwerdt EB. Did Bartonella henselae contribute to the deaths of two veterinarians? Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:317. [PMID: 26062543 PMCID: PMC4464698 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae, a flea-transmitted bacterium, causes chronic, zoonotic, blood stream infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients throughout the world. As an intra-erythrocytic and endotheliotropic bacterium, B. henselae causes a spectrum of symptomatology ranging from asymptomatic bacteremia to fever, endocarditis and death. Veterinary workers are at occupational risk for acquiring bartonellosis. As an emerging, and incompletely understood, stealth bacterial pathogen, B. henselae may or may not have been responsible for the deaths of two veterinarians; however, recent evidence indicates that this genus is of much greater medical importance than is currently appreciated by the majority of the biomedical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Breitschwerdt
- Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory and the Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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27
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Infection with Bartonella henselae in a Danish family. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:1556-61. [PMID: 25740763 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02974-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella species constitute emerging, vector-borne, intravascular pathogens that produce long-lasting bacteremia in reservoir-adapted (natural host or passive carrier of a microorganism) and opportunistic hosts. With the advent of more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, there is evolving microbiological evidence supporting concurrent infection with one or more Bartonella spp. in more than one family member; however, the mode(s) of transmission to or among family members remains unclear. In this study, we provide molecular microbiological evidence of Bartonella henselae genotype San Antonio 2 (SA2) infection in four of six Danish family members, including a child who died of unknown causes at 14 months of age.
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Rossi MA, Balakrishnan N, Linder KE, Messa JB, Breitschwerdt EB. Concurrent Bartonella henselae infection in a dog with panniculitis and owner with ulcerated nodular skin lesions. Vet Dermatol 2014; 26:60-3, e21-2. [PMID: 25292107 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella henselae, a Gram-negative, zoonotic Alphaproteobacteria that infects erythrocytes, endothelial cells and dendritic cells, has previously been implicated as a cause of panniculitis in dogs and a human. ANIMAL AND OWNER An 8-year-old, spayed female Labrador retriever and its 78-year-old male owner living in the same household. METHODS AND RESULTS When preliminary and advanced testing failed to identify the cause of near-simultaneous-onset dermatological lesions, Bartonella serology, Bartonella Alphaproteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture/PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to test specimens from the dog and owner. Bartonella henselae, genotype San Antonio 2 DNA was amplified and sequenced from the man's BAPGM enrichment blood culture and the dog's panniculitis lesion. The bacterium was visualized by immunohistochemistry in the dog's panniculitis lesion; however, neither the dog nor the owner was B. henselae seroreactive. Antibiotic therapy elicited dermatological improvement in both dog and owner. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Bartonella henselae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that induces granulomatous inflammatory lesions in various tissues of animals, including humans. We conclude that this bacterium had a contributory or causative role in the development of the dermatological lesions in the dog and owner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rossi
- Dermatology/Allergy, Veterinary Referral Center of Colorado, Englewood, CO, 80110, USA
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30
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Tucker MD, Sellon RK, Tucker RL, Wills TB, Simonsen A, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Bilateral mandibular pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis and pulmonary nodules in a dog with Bartonella henselae bacteremia. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2014; 55:970-974. [PMID: 25320386 PMCID: PMC4187381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a 2-year-old collie dog with pulmonary nodules, visualized by computed tomographic (CT) scan, with evidence of Bartonella henselae bacteremia and pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. Clinical signs resolved with antimicrobial therapy.
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Schmidt S, Essbauer SS, Mayer-Scholl A, Poppert S, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Klempa B, Henning K, Schares G, Groschup MH, Spitzenberger F, Richter D, Heckel G, Ulrich RG. Multiple infections of rodents with zoonotic pathogens in Austria. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14:467-75. [PMID: 24915446 PMCID: PMC4098071 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are important reservoirs for a large number of zoonotic pathogens. We examined the occurrence of 11 viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents in rodent populations in Austria, including three different hantaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, orthopox virus, Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Toxoplasma gondii. In 2008, 110 rodents of four species (40 Clethrionomys glareolus, 29 Apodemus flavicollis, 26 Apodemus sylvaticus, and 15 Microtus arvalis) were trapped at two rural sites in Lower Austria. Chest cavity fluid and samples of lung, spleen, kidney, liver, brain, and ear pinna skin were collected. We screened selected tissue samples for hantaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, orthopox viruses, Leptospira, Borrelia, Rickettsia, Bartonella spp., C. burnetii, and T. gondii by RT-PCR/PCR and detected nucleic acids of Tula hantavirus, Leptospira spp., Borrelia afzelii, Rickettsia spp., and different Bartonella species. Serological investigations were performed for hantaviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, orthopox viruses, and Rickettsia spp. Here, Dobrava-Belgrade hantavirus-, Tula hantavirus-, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-, orthopox virus-, and rickettsia-specific antibodies were demonstrated. Puumala hantavirus, C. burnetii, and T. gondii were neither detected by RT-PCR/PCR nor by serological methods. In addition, multiple infections with up to three pathogens were shown in nine animals of three rodent species from different trapping sites. In conclusion, these results show that rodents in Austria may host multiple zoonotic pathogens. Our observation raises important questions regarding the interactions of different pathogens in the host, the countermeasures of the host's immune system, the impact of the host-pathogen interaction on the fitness of the host, and the spread of infectious agents among wild rodents and from those to other animals or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schmidt
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra S. Essbauer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Department of Virology & Rickettsiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sven Poppert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia, and Institute of Virology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Henning
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany
| | - Gereon Schares
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Epidemiology, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Dania Richter
- Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany
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Prostatitis, steatitis, and diarrhea in a dog following presumptive flea-borne transmission of Bartonella henselae. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3447-52. [PMID: 24920774 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00942-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae is increasingly associated with a variety of pathological entities, which are often similar in dogs and human patients. Following an acute flea infestation, a dog developed an unusual clinical presentation for canine bartonellosis. Comprehensive medical, microbiological, and surgical interventions were required for diagnosis and to achieve a full recovery.
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33
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Setlakwe EL, Sweeney R, Engiles JB, Johnson AL. Identification of Bartonella henselae in the liver of a thoroughbred foal with severe suppurative cholangiohepatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1341-5. [PMID: 24814868 PMCID: PMC4857942 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E L Setlakwe
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA
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Tay ST, Mokhtar AS, Zain SNM, Low KC. Isolation and molecular identification of Bartonellae from wild rats (Rattus species) in Malaysia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:1039-42. [PMID: 24732465 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes our investigation on the prevalence and molecular identification of bartonellae from Rattus diardii and R. norvegicus in the urban areas of Malaysia. Of 95 rats investigated, Bartonella tribocorum, B. rattimassiliensis, B. coopersplainsensis, B. elizabethae, and B. queenslandensis were isolated from kidney and spleen homogenates of four rats. Bartonellae DNA was amplified from the rat organ tissues by using primers specific for the bartonellae RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) gene in nine other rats. Sequence analysis of the rpoB gene fragments shows the identification of B. queenslandensis in five rats, B. elizabethae in three rats, and B. tribocorum in one rat. Combining the results of isolation and molecular detection of bartonellae, we found that the prevalence of Bartonella infection in the Rattus spp. investigated in this study was 13.7%. Implementation of effective rat control program in the urban areas is necessary to prevent the spillover of bartonellosis from rats to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Tee Tay
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Laboratory Animal Resource Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aida Syafinaz Mokhtar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Laboratory Animal Resource Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Laboratory Animal Resource Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kiat Cheong Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Laboratory Animal Resource Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Markou P, Apidianakis Y. Pathogenesis of intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 3:115. [PMID: 24432250 PMCID: PMC3882663 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Markou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus Nicosia, Cyprus
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Irwin PJ. It shouldn't happen to a dog … or a veterinarian: clinical paradigms for canine vector-borne diseases. Trends Parasitol 2013; 30:104-12. [PMID: 24388563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) comprise a diverse group of viral, bacterial, protozoal, and helminth pathogens, transmitted predominantly by ticks and fleas, and cause significant health problems for dogs worldwide. Growing numbers of reports indicate that CVBDs are emerging in regions where they previously did not exist and this, combined with pathogens that are inherently difficult to detect, is providing companion animal veterinarians with some significant diagnostic challenges. This review discusses six paradigms concerning the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and zoonotic implications of CVBDs from a veterinary clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Irwin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
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Drut A, Bublot I, Breitschwerdt EB, Chabanne L, Vayssier-Taussat M, Cadoré JL. Comparative microbiological features of Bartonella henselae infection in a dog with fever of unknown origin and granulomatous lymphadenitis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2013; 203:85-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-013-0318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Balakrishnan N, Cherry NA, Linder KE, Pierce E, Sontakke N, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. Experimental infection of dogs with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Deepening the Conception of Functional Information in the Description of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. ENTROPY 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/e15051929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Day MJ. The Journal of Comparative Pathology historical archive and Koch's postulates. J Comp Pathol 2013; 148:105-6. [PMID: 23453735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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