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Nomiyama K, Sato R, Sato F, Eguchi A. Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the kidneys of pet cats (Felis silvestris catus) and the potential implications for their health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173212. [PMID: 38759481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated diphenyls (PCBs) and brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are ubiquitous in the pet cat's living environment and are ingested through dietary intake and environmental exposure such as house dust. Cats are known to be susceptible to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and exposure to POPs may be associated with CKD. However, no studies have been conducted on the renal accumulation and health effects of POPs in cats. The objective of this study was to elucidate the accumulation of PCBs, PBDEs, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the kidneys of domestic cats and discuss their potential impact on feline health. We report here that cats specifically accumulate POPs in their kidneys. Tissue samples were collected from the kidneys, livers, and muscles of cats and the concentrations of POPs in these tissues were analyzed in this study. The results showed that these compounds accumulated significantly higher in the kidney compared to other tissues. In addition, the ability to accumulate in the kidney was higher in cats than in other animals, suggesting that cats have a unique pattern of POPs accumulation in their kidneys, which is thought to occur because cats store a significant number of lipid droplets in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. This unique feature suggests that lipophilic POPs may accumulate in these lipid droplets during the excretory process. Accumulation of certain POPs in the kidneys causes necrosis and sloughing of renal tubular epithelial cells, which may be associated with CKD, a common disease in cats. This study provides valuable insight into understanding the renal accumulation and risk of POPs in cats and provides essential knowledge for developing strategies to protect the health and welfare of domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Rina Sato
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Fuka Sato
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku Yayoi-cho 1-33, Chiba-city 263-8522, Japan
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2
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Nealon NJ, Summers S, Quimby J, Winston JA. Untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum from client-owned cats with early and late-stage chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4755. [PMID: 38413739 PMCID: PMC10899575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the metabolome could discover novel biomarkers of disease. To date, characterization of the serum metabolome of client-owned cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which shares numerous pathophysiological similarities to human CKD, has not been reported. CKD is a leading cause of feline morbidity and mortality, which can be lessened with early detection and appropriate treatment. Consequently, there is an urgent need for early-CKD biomarkers. The goal of this cross-sectional, prospective study was to characterize the global, non-targeted serum metabolome of cats with early versus late-stage CKD compared to healthy cats. Analysis revealed distinct separation of the serum metabolome between healthy cats, early-stage and late-stage CKD. Differentially abundant lipid and amino acid metabolites were the primary contributors to these differences and included metabolites central to the metabolism of fatty acids, essential amino acids and uremic toxins. Correlation of multiple lipid and amino acid metabolites with clinical metadata important to CKD monitoring and patient treatment (e.g. creatinine, muscle condition score) further illustrates the relevance of exploring these metabolite classes further for their capacity to serve as biomarkers of early CKD detection in both feline and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Jean Nealon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stacie Summers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jessica Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jenessa A Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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3
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Jaturanratsamee K, Choisunirachon N, Soontornvipart K, Darawiroj D, Srisowanna N, Thanaboonnipat C. Ultrasonographic kidney length-to-abdominal aortic diameter for the diagnosis of feline chronic kidney disease: A preliminary study. Vet World 2023; 16:1114-1121. [PMID: 37576749 PMCID: PMC10420722 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1114-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most important diseases in cats. This study aimed to compare the ultrasonographic kidney length-to-abdominal aortic diameter (K/AO) ratio between healthy and CKD cats and investigate the correlation between K/AO and blood results. Materials and Methods Fifteen healthy cats and 15 CKD cats were included in this clinically prospective study. All cats were evaluated for radiographic and ultrasonographic K, radiographic K-to-second lumbar length ratio (K/L2), and K/AO, indirect systolic blood pressure and plasma creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA). Results The radiographic and ultrasonographic kidney lengths of CKD were significantly shorter than those of healthy cats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). The average K/L2 and K/AO were significantly lower in CKD than in healthy cats (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The K/AO had a strong negative correlation with plasma Cr (r = -0.7682, p < 0.0001), BUN (r = -0.6175, p < 0.001), and SDMA (r = -0.589, p < 0.001). However, K/L2 had a moderate negative correlation with plasma Cr (r = -0.5866, p < 0.001), BUN (r = -0.4884, p < 0.01), and SDMA (r = -0.5404, p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff value of K/AO (<10.71) had higher sensitivity and specificity than K/L2 for identifying feline CKD. Conclusion Kidney length-to-abdominal aortic diameter could be a better and more promising parameter than the K/L2 ratio for evaluating kidney size in cats with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Choisunirachon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kumpanart Soontornvipart
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Damri Darawiroj
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naparee Srisowanna
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Thanaboonnipat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Quimby JM, McLeland SM, Cianciolo RE, Lunn KF, Lulich JP, Erikson A, Barron LB. Frequency of histologic lesions in the kidneys of cats without kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e472-e480. [PMID: 36475921 PMCID: PMC10812332 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221123768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In humans, renal aging is associated with an increased frequency of glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation and tubular atrophy. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of renal histopathologic lesions in cats without kidney disease. METHODS A cross-sectional study of archival kidney tissue from 74 cats without kidney disease (serum creatinine <1.6 mg/dl; urine specific gravity >1.035) was carried out: 0-4 years (young, n = 18); 5-9 years (mature, n = 16); 10-14 years (senior, n = 34), 15+ years (geriatric, n = 6). Glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and the presence or absence of lipid in the interstitium and tubules were scored by a pathologist masked to clinical data. Statistical analyses were performed as appropriate. RESULTS Geriatric cats had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than mature (P = 0.01) and young cats (P = 0.004). Senior cats had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than young cats (P = 0.006). Glomerulosclerosis was weakly positively correlated with age (r = 0.48; P <0.0001). Geriatric cats had significantly more tubular atrophy than mature (P = 0.02) and young cats (P <0.0001). Senior cats had significantly more tubular atrophy than young cats (P <0.0001). Geriatric cats had significantly more inflammation than senior cats (P = 0.02), mature cats (P = 0.01) and young cats (P <0.0001). Senior cats had significantly more inflammation than young cats (P = 0.004). Geriatric and senior cats had significantly more fibrosis than young cats (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). Frequency of tubular lipid increased with age (young: 28%; mature: 56%; senior: 79%; geriatric: 100%) as did the frequency of interstitial lipid (young: 22%, mature: 56%, senior: 85%, geriatric: 100%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Evidence of renal aging exists in cats. These changes imply that the aging kidney may be more susceptible to injury and impaired healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Quimby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shannon M McLeland
- International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel E Cianciolo
- International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katharine F Lunn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jody P Lulich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Andrea Erikson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lara B Barron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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Byun JH, Lebeau PF, Platko K, Carlisle RE, Faiyaz M, Chen J, MacDonald ME, Makda Y, Yousof T, Lynn EG, Dickhout JG, Krepinsky JC, Weaver F, Igdoura SA, Seidah NG, Austin RC. Inhibitory Antibodies against PCSK9 Reduce Surface CD36 and Mitigate Diet-Induced Renal Lipotoxicity. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1394-1410. [PMID: 36176646 PMCID: PMC9416829 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0007022021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background PCSK9 modulates the uptake of circulating lipids through a range of receptors, including the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and CD36. In the kidney, CD36 is known to contribute to renal injury through pro-inflammatory and -fibrotic pathways. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in modulating renal lipid accumulation and injury through CD36 using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced murine model. Methods The effect of PCSK9 on the expression of CD36 and intracellular accumulation of lipid was examined in cultured renal cells and in the kidneys of male C57BL/6J mice. The effect of these findings was subsequently explored in a model of HFD-induced renal injury in Pcsk9 -/- and Pcsk9 +/+ littermate control mice on a C57BL/6J background. Results In the absence of PCSK9, we observed heightened CD36 expression levels, which increased free fatty acid (FFA) uptake in cultured renal tubular cells. As a result, PCSK9 deficiency was associated with an increase in long-chain saturated FFA-induced ER stress. Consistent with these observations, Pcsk9-/- mice fed a HFD displayed elevated ER stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and renal injury relative to HFD-fed control mice. In contrast to Pcsk9-/- mice, pretreatment of WT C57BL/6J mice with evolocumab, an anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to and inhibits the function of circulating PCSK9, protected against HFD-induced renal injury in association with reducing cell surface CD36 expression on renal epithelia. Conclusions We report that circulating PCSK9 modulates renal lipid uptake in a manner dependent on renal CD36. In the context of increased dietary fat consumption, the absence of circulating PCSK9 may promote renal lipid accumulation and subsequent renal injury. However, although the administration of evolocumab blocks the interaction of PCSK9 with the LDLR, this evolocumab/PCSK9 complex can still bind CD36, thereby protecting against HFD-induced renal lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul F. Lebeau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rachel E. Carlisle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mahi Faiyaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jack Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa E. MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yumna Makda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tamana Yousof
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Edward G. Lynn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G. Dickhout
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joan C. Krepinsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fiona Weaver
- Department of Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Suleiman A. Igdoura
- Department of Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard C. Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton and The Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, Hamilton, Canada
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6
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Spencer S, Wheeler-Jones C, Elliott J. Hypoxia and chronic kidney disease: Possible mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and relevance to cats. Vet J 2021; 274:105714. [PMID: 34252550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that kidney ischaemia/hypoxia plays an important role in feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression, as well as in human disease and laboratory animal models. Ischaemic acute kidney injury is widely accepted as a cause of CKD in people and data from laboratory species has identified some of the pathways underlying this continuum. Experimental kidney ischaemia in cats results in morphological changes, namely chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy, akin to those observed in naturally-occurring CKD. Multiple situations are envisaged that could result in acute or chronic episodes of kidney hypoxia in cats, while risk factors identified in epidemiological studies provide further support that kidney hypoxia contributes to spontaneously occurring feline CKD. This review evaluates the evidence for the role of kidney ischaemia/hypoxia in feline CKD and the proposed mechanisms and consequences of kidney hypoxia. As no effective treatments exist that substantially slow or prevent feline CKD progression, there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting kidney hypoxia is one such promising approach, with therapies including those that attenuate the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway already being utilised in human CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spencer
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Caroline Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Jonathan Elliott
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
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7
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Schwarz T, Shorten E, Gennace M, Saunders J, Longo M, Costa FS, Parys M, Gunn-Moore D. CT features of feline lipiduria and renal cortical lipid deposition. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 23:357-363. [PMID: 32960133 PMCID: PMC8008399 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20957161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to document the presence and prevalence of feline lipiduria and renal lipid deposition on CT, and to search for associations between the presence of lipiduria and sex, urinary tract abnormalities and urolithiasis. Methods The CT examinations of 252 cats were reviewed for the presence of an antigravitational hypodense bubble in the urinary bladder with density values between −180 Hounsfield units (HU) and −20 HU. To identify associations between lipiduria and sex, urinary tract abnormalities and urolithiasis, Fisher’s exact test was used. Renal cortical density measurement was performed in all cats. The Mann−Whitney test was performed to compare renal cortical density between lipiduric and unaffected cats. Results A total of 27 domestic cats (10.7%) had CT evidence of lipiduria. Lipiduric cats had a significantly lower renal cortical density than unaffected cats (P <0.01). Male neutered cats had a significantly higher frequency of lipiduria and lower renal cortical density compared with female neutered cats (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding renal, ureteral or urethral abnormalities. Conclusions and relevance Lipiduria is a common physiological phenomenon in cats that can be detected on routine CT examinations. Decreased renal cortical density is associated with lipiduria. This may aid in the diagnosis of feline lipiduria and help to differentiate its presence from other pathological depositions and excretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schwarz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Eimear Shorten
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Jimmy Saunders
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Fabiano Séllos Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maciej Parys
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - Danièlle Gunn-Moore
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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8
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Niska-Blakie J, Gopinathan L, Low KN, Kien YL, Goh CMF, Caldez MJ, Pfeiffenberger E, Jones OS, Ong CB, Kurochkin IV, Coppola V, Tessarollo L, Choi H, Kanagasundaram Y, Eisenhaber F, Maurer-Stroh S, Kaldis P. Knockout of the non-essential gene SUGCT creates diet-linked, age-related microbiome disbalance with a diabetes-like metabolic syndrome phenotype. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3423-3439. [PMID: 31722069 PMCID: PMC7426296 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SUGCT (C7orf10) is a mitochondrial enzyme that synthesizes glutaryl-CoA from glutarate in tryptophan and lysine catabolism, but it has not been studied in vivo. Although mutations in Sugct lead to Glutaric Aciduria Type 3 disease in humans, patients remain largely asymptomatic despite high levels of glutarate in the urine. To study the disease mechanism, we generated SugctKO mice and uncovered imbalanced lipid and acylcarnitine metabolism in kidney in addition to changes in the gut microbiome. After SugctKO mice were treated with antibiotics, metabolites were comparable to WT, indicating that the microbiome affects metabolism in SugctKO mice. SUGCT loss of function contributes to gut microbiota dysbiosis, leading to age-dependent pathological changes in kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. This is associated with an obesity-related phenotype that is accompanied by lipid accumulation in kidney and liver, as well as "crown-like" structures in adipocytes. Furthermore, we show that the SugctKO kidney pathology is accelerated and exacerbated by a high-lysine diet. Our study highlights the importance of non-essential genes with no readily detectable early phenotype, but with substantial contributions to the development of age-related pathologies, which result from an interplay between genetic background, microbiome, and diet in the health of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Niska-Blakie
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lakshmi Gopinathan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kia Ngee Low
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yang Lay Kien
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Christine M F Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Matias J Caldez
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Elisabeth Pfeiffenberger
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Oliver S Jones
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Igor V Kurochkin
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 988 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Bldg. 560, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
- School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 637553, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences (DBS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #3-09, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Box 50332, 202 13, Malmö, Sweden.
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9
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Sadeghinezhad J, Nyengaard JR. Cat Kidney Glomeruli and Tubules Evaluated by Design-Based Stereology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1846-1854. [PMID: 31087775 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal function is related to its structure and three-dimensional structural parameters correlate better with the kidney function than two-dimensional structural parameters. Stereology is the current gold-standard technique for the morphometrical evaluation of kidney structures. This study describes morphometric features of the kidney of the cat using design-based stereological techniques aimed to introduce the cat as a translational model in nephrology and provide basic findings for diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in this species. Left kidneys of four cats were included in the present study. The kidney volume, volume fraction of cortex and medulla, glomerular volume, glomerular mean volume, glomerular number, and proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) length were estimated. The kidney volume was estimated to 11.4 ± 1.3 cm3 . The volume fraction of cortex and medulla was 65.6 ± 2% and 34.2 ± 2%, respectively. The total number of glomeruli was estimated to be 186 ± 11 × 103 using the physical disector/fractionator method. The mean glomerular volume was estimated to be 1.54 ± 0.06 × 106 μm3 and the glomerular volume was covering 2.13 ± 0.34% of the whole kidney. The total length of PCT and DCT was estimated to be 2.26 ± 0.48 km and 505 ± 43 m, respectively. Our data might contribute to the knowledge of kidneys in mammals and provide a comparison with available data on human and other mammals. Anat Rec, 302:1846-1854, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Brown CA, Rissi DR, Dickerson VM, Davis AM, Brown SA, Schmiedt CW. Chronic Renal Changes After a Single Ischemic Event in an Experimental Model of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:536-543. [PMID: 30895907 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819837721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated renal fibrosis 70 days after a single unilateral in vivo renal ischemic event, but changes associated with a single episode of renal ischemia past this time are unknown. In this study, we evaluated renal function and structural changes 6 months after a 90-minute in vivo unilateral renal ischemic event. Six adult female cats underwent unilateral renal ischemia and renal function was followed for 6 months, at which time the kidneys were evaluated by histology and histomorphometry. Over time, there was a significant reduction in the glomerular filtration rate and an elevation of serum creatinine of 31% and 42%, respectively. All cats had tubulointerstitial lesions characterized by segmental interstitial inflammation, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Unlike short-term studies, ischemic kidneys had variable numbers of obsolescent glomeruli, consistent with the development of atubular glomeruli and subsequent ischemic glomerulosclerosis. Chronic changes associated with acute renal ischemia may include loss of function and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy A Brown
- 1 Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- 1 Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Vanna M Dickerson
- 2 Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anastacia M Davis
- 2 Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Scott A Brown
- 3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- 2 Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
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