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Mauduit O, Delcroix V, Wong A, Ivanova A, Miles L, Lee HS, Makarenkova H. A closer look into the cellular and molecular biology of myoepithelial cells across various exocrine glands. Ocul Surf 2024; 31:63-80. [PMID: 38141817 PMCID: PMC10855576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are a unique subset of epithelial cells that possess several smooth muscle cell characteristics, such as a high number of actin-myosin filaments and the ability to contract. These cells are primarily located around the secretory cells of exocrine glands, including the salivary, mammary, lacrimal, and sweat glands. Their primary functions involve the construction of the basement membrane and help with secretion of gland products through contraction. So far, no comparative analysis of MECs in different exocrine glands had ever evaluated their differences. In this review, we took advantage of the various publicly available scRNAseq data from mouse exocrine glands to identify their shared and unique characteristics. The aim of this review is to compare the role of MECs in maintaining healthy glandular function, their involvement in disease states, and their regenerative capacity, with a particular emphasis on the latest research findings in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mauduit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anastasiia Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lindsey Miles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Xu Y, Xu Z, Gu X, Xie Y, He R, Xu J, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Immunomodulatory effects of two recombinant arginine kinases in Sarcoptes Scabiei on host peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035729. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs an important zoonotic parasitic disease with global distribution, scabies causes serious public health and economic problems. Arginine kinase (AK) is involved in cell signal transduction, inflammation, and apoptosis. Two AKs were identified in Sarcoptes scabiei, but their functions in the host immune response remain unclear.MethodsrSsAK-1 and rSsAK-2 were expressed, purified, and immunolocalized. The effects of rSsAK-1 and rSsAK-2 on rabbit PBMC proliferation, apoptosis, and migration; Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Fas, Bax, and NF-κB transcription levels; and IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1, and IL-17 secretion were detected.ResultsrSsAK-1 and rSsAK-2 were cloned and expressed successfully. Both enzymes were ~57 kDa and contained 17-kDa tagged proteins, and had good catalytic activity and immunoreactivity. The proteins were located in the S. scabiei exoskeleton, chewing mouthparts, legs, stomach, and intestine. SsAK-1 and SsAK-2 were secreted in the pool and epidermis of the skin lesions, which may be involved in S. scabiei–host interaction. rSsAK-1 and rSsAK-2 significantly promoted cell proliferation, induced cell migration, inhibited apoptosis, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and NF-κB (p65) transcription levels concentration-dependently, and inhibited IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10 secretion and promoted IL-4 and IL-17 secretion.ConclusionrSsAK-1 and rSsAK-2 might increase Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, which induced PBMC survival. By inducing PBMC migration to the infection site, rSsAK-1 and rSsAK-2 shifted the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 and changed the Th17/Treg balance, which indicated their immune role in S. scabiei allergic inflammation.
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