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Surl D, Kim S, Kim S, Kim TI, Seo KY, Jun I. Comparative analysis of changes in retinal layer thickness following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional cataract surgery. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:276. [PMID: 38982374 PMCID: PMC11232152 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the influence of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) on macula by examining changes in retinal layers after FLACS and to compare these changes with those after conventional cataract surgery (CCS). METHODS This study included 113 unrelated Korean patients with age-related cataract who underwent CCS or FLACS in Severance Hospital between September 2019 and July 2021. Optical coherence tomography was performed before and 1 month after surgery. The total retinal layer (TRL) was separated into the inner retinal layer (IRL) and outer retinal layer (ORL); moreover, the IRL was subdivided into the retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer, and outer nuclear layer. We performed between-group comparisons of the postoperative thickness in each retinal layer and the postoperative differences in retinal thickness. The average retinal thickness of the four inner macular ring quadrants was used for comparative analysis. RESULTS Compared with the CCS group, the FLACS group exhibited a thicker ORL (P = 0.004) and a thinner INL (P = 0.007) after surgery. All retinal layer thickness values showed significant postoperative changes regardless of the type of surgery (P < 0.05). The postoperative increase in TRL and IRL thickness was significantly smaller in the FLACS group than in the CCS group (P = 0.027, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The 1-month postoperative retinal changes were less pronounced in the FLACS group than in the CCS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongheon Surl
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungmin Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Refractive Surgery, B&VIIT Eye Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyeop Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Clear Eye Clinic, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Tae-Im Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ikhyun Jun
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Cioana M, Patodia Y, Tong L, Chiu HH, Tam ES, Somani S. Anterior chamber cytokine production and postoperative macular edema in patients with diabetes undergoing FLACS. J Cataract Refract Surg 2024; 50:160-166. [PMID: 37847109 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and manual cataract surgery (MCS) on proinflammatory cytokine expression in patients with diabetes vs nondiabetic patients. SETTING Outpatient surgical center in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Patients with diabetes and nondiabetic patients undergoing noncomplicated MCS or FLACS were assigned into 4 cohorts: MCS nondiabetic (n = 30), FLACS nondiabetic (n = 42), MCS diabetic (n = 40), and FLACS diabetic (n = 40). Aqueous humor inflammatory mediator concentrations were evaluated at MCS onset and after femtosecond laser treatment. The presence of cystoid macular edema, anterior chamber (AC) inflammation, central retinal thickness, macular volume, and retinal microvascular changes (through optical coherence tomography angiography) were evaluated preoperatively and on postoperative day 1, week 1, month 1 (POM1), and month 3 (POM3). RESULTS Patients with diabetes receiving FLACS had a higher concentration of interleukin (IL)-7, IL-13, and interferon-induced protein-10 than MCS diabetic patients; they also demonstrated higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and lower levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IFN-α2 compared with MCS nondiabetic patients. Macular volume appeared to be significantly higher in MCS diabetic vs MCS non-diabetic patients at POM1 and between FLACS diabetic vs FLACS nondiabetic patients at POM3. There were no other significant differences between the cohorts for any parameter. CONCLUSIONS FLACS use in patients with diabetes demonstrated some differences in AC cytokine expression compared with non-diabetic FLACS or diabetic patients undergoing MCS; however, there was no increase in clinical inflammatory biomarkers. FLACS seems to be a safe technique to use in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Cioana
- From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Cioana); Uptown Eye Specialists, Vaughan, Ontario, Canada (Cioana, Tong, Chiu, Tam, Somani); Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Patodia, Tong, Chiu, Tam, Somani); William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada (Tong, Chiu, Tam, Somani); Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Chiu)
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3
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Lee YW, Cho KS, Hyon JY, Han SB. Application of Femtosecond Laser in Challenging Cataract Cases. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:477-485. [PMID: 37844256 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond laser can provide precise and customized incision of ocular tissue with excellent accuracy and predictability. Thus, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) can theoretically enhance the safety and efficacy of cataract surgery by providing reproducible and reliable clear corneal incision, limbal relaxing incision, anterior capsulotomy, and lens fragmentation. However, thus far, the superiority of the anatomical and visual outcomes of FLACS over those of conventional cataract surgery have been unclear. Nevertheless, studies have indicated that FLACS can potentially be helpful in improving the safety of cataract surgery in challenging situations, such as zonular weakness, preexisting capsular tear, white cataract, shallow anterior chamber, and pediatric cataracts, which may contribute to enhanced visual and anatomical outcomes. In this review, we provide a summary of the application of femtosecond laser in general cataract cases. In addition, we introduce the application of FLACS in the abovementioned challenging situations and discuss the results of studies regarding the safety and outcome of FLACS in these challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, Korea
| | - Kyu Seong Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, Korea
| | - Joon Young Hyon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, Korea
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon Province, Korea
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Way C, Swampillai AJ, Lim KS, Nanavaty MA. Factors influencing aqueous flare after cataract surgery and its evaluation with laser flare photometry. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2023; 15:25158414231204111. [PMID: 38107248 PMCID: PMC10725112 DOI: 10.1177/25158414231204111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the refinement of modern cataract surgery, postoperative inflammation still constitutes a substantial amount of visual morbidity worldwide. A surrogate for intraocular inflammation and blood-aqueous barrier breakdown can be objectively quantified by Laser flare photometry (LFP). This review outlines the utility of LFP in assessing the assessment of post-cataract surgery inflammation. It highlights the impact of preoperative pathological states such as uveitis and diabetes, intraoperative techniques, including efficient phacoemulsification and direct comparisons between postoperative anti-inflammatory regimes. There is a large interobserver variation in the subjective flare measurement after cataract surgery and the continued use of LFP amongst other objective, noninvasive measurements of intraocular inflammation, particularly in the further development of cataract surgery, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Way
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Andrew J. Swampillai
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
- School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kin Sheng Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
- School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mayank A. Nanavaty
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Sussex Eye Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton, BN2 5BF, UK
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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Gawęcki M, Prądzyńska N, Karska-Basta I. Long-Term Variations in Retinal Parameters after Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123426. [PMID: 35743496 PMCID: PMC9225292 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cataract phacoemulsification surgery provides excellent refractive results; however, it also elicits changes in the posterior segment of the eye. This study aimed to determine changes in retinal parameters measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) after an uncomplicated cataract surgery, including the impact of effective phacoemulsification time (EPT). Methods: The study included 44 patients without retinal abnormalities, followed up after unilateral uncomplicated cataract phacoemulsification in a single ophthalmological unit. Patients were evaluated for the following parameters at baseline and at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months after the surgery: best corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness (CRT), average central retinal thickness (CRTA), central retinal volume (cube volume (CV)), vessel density central (VDC), vessel density full (VDF), vessel perfusion central (VPC), and vessel perfusion full (VPF). The EPT recorded at each procedure was used as a covariant for the evaluation of changes in retinal parameters after the surgery. Analysis included 44 eyes for SD-OCT and 17 for OCTA evaluation, according to adopted scan quality thresholds. Results: A significant increase in CRT, CRTA, and CV was noted at each follow-up point compared with baseline. The rising tendency was observed in the first 3 months after the surgery, with a decline over the subsequent months. The VPF parameter showed a stable improvement after the surgery. The analysis of covariance did not confirm any significant effect of the EPT on variations in CRT, CV, CRTA, VDC, and VPF and there was a weak effect on the VDF parameter. Conclusions: Uncomplicated cataract surgery results in an increase in retinal thickness and volume in the first few months after the surgery, followed by a spontaneous decline in these parameters in the subsequent months. A long-standing improvement is noted in the VPF parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gawęcki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Specialist Hospital in Chojnice, 89-600 Chojnice, Poland
- Dobry Wzrok Ophthalmological Clinic, 80-280 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Izabella Karska-Basta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
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Liu YC, Setiawan M, Chin JY, Wu B, Ong HS, Lamoureux E, Mehta JS. Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 1-Year Outcomes of Low-Energy Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery versus Conventional Phacoemulsification. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:811093. [PMID: 34977102 PMCID: PMC8718704 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.811093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare 1-year clinical outcomes, phacoemulsification energy, aqueous profiles, and patient-reported outcomes of low-energy femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) vs. conventional phacoemulsification. Methods: The study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with paired-eye design. Eighty-five patients were randomized to receive FLACS (Ziemer LDV Z8) in one eye and conventional phacoemulsification in the fellow eye. Clinical data including phacoemulsification energy parameters (cumulative dissipated energy, phacoemulsification power, and phacoemulsification time), uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UCDVA and BCDVA), manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell count (ECC), anterior chamber flare, and post-operative complications were obtained for 1 year. Aqueous humor was collected for the analysis of prostaglandin (PGE)2, cytokines and chemokines concentrations. Patients' reported-outcomes on surgical experiences were evaluated using an in-house questionnaire. Results: Compared to conventional phacoemulsification, the low-energy assisted FLACS group had significantly less ECC reduction at 3 months (1.5 ± 0.3% vs. 7.0 ± 2.4%; P < 0.01) and 1 year (8.2 ± 2.8% vs. 11.2 ± 3.6%; P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in the phacoemulsification energy parameters, UCDVA, BCDVA, MRSE, CCT, occurrence of post-operative complications between the 2 groups throughout post-operative 1 year. Patients' subjective surgical experiences, including the surgical duration and perceived inconvenience, were comparable between the 2 groups. FLACS resulted in significantly higher aqueous PGE2 (P < 0.01), interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.03), IL-8 (P = 0.03), and interferon (IFN)-γ (P = 0.04) concentrations and greater anterior chamber flare at 1 day (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Our RCT presented 1-year longitudinal clinical and laboratory data. The long-term ECC result was more favorable in low-energy FLACS. The rest of the intraoperative and post-operative outcomes, as well as patient-reported outcomes, were comparable between these two procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melina Setiawan
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Ying Chin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hon Shing Ong
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Population Health Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Health Services and System Research Department, Population Health Research, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Cornea and Refractive Surgery Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Portney DS, Thibodeau AR, Mian SI. Recent Updates in Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2021; 61:77-94. [PMID: 33337795 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Mencucci R, Favuzza E, Scali G, Vignapiano R, Cennamo M. Protecting the Ocular Surface at the Time of Cataract Surgery: Intracameral Mydriatic and Anaesthetic Combination Versus A Standard Topical Protocol. Ophthalmol Ther 2020; 9:1055-1067. [PMID: 33052582 PMCID: PMC7708550 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-020-00311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An intracameral mydriatic and anaesthetic combination has been approved for injection into the anterior chamber in order to provide rapid and stable mydriasis and sustained intraocular anaesthesia during cataract surgery. Methods In this prospective study, conducted at the Eye Clinic, University of Florence, Italy, we compared phacoemulsification using the standard mydriatic-anaesthetic eye-drop protocol with that using the standard protocol in terms of corneal changes, ocular surface parameters and visual quality. Sixty patients (60 eyes) were included in the study, with 30 eyes receiving Mydrane®, a novel injectable intracameral solution, during phacoemulsification (Mydrane protocol, MP) and 30 eyes receiving the standard mydriatic-anaesthetic eye drops (standard protocol, SP). The following parameters were assessed using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM): central corneal thickness (CCT); flare and cells in the aqueous humor (Flare); keratocyte activation (KA), Langerhans’ cell density (LCD), nerve fibre density (NFD) and endothelial cell density (ECD). The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, tear breakup time (TBUT) and Schirmer’s test I (STI) were also evaluated. The Optical Scattering Index (OSI) and its standard deviation (OSI-SD) were assessed using the Optical Quality Analysing System (Visiometrics SL, Terrassa, Spain). Results In the MP group, CCT, Flare, KA and LCD values returned to baseline values within 15 postoperative days. The mean ECD and NFD decreased significantly in both groups from baseline at all follow-up assessments, with no statistically significant difference between groups. TBUT returned to the preoperative level at postoperative day 15 in the MP group. OSDI scores and STI were significantly worse in both groups at all follow-up assessments compared to baseline. At postoperative day 15 OSI and OSI-SD values were significantly better in the MP group than in the SP group. Conclusions The use of Mydrane during cataract surgery showed a good safety profile and few toxic side effects, ensuring better optical quality and tear film stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Mencucci
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Favuzza
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Scali
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Vignapiano
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michela Cennamo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Intraindividual comparison of cytokine and prostaglandin levels with and without low-energy, high-frequency femtosecond laser cataract pretreatment after single-dose topical NSAID application. J Cataract Refract Surg 2020; 46:1086-1091. [DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Mani R, Shobha PS, Thilagavathi S, Prema P, Viswanathan N, Vineet R, Dhanashree R, Angayarkanni N. Altered mucins and aquaporins indicate dry eye outcome in patients undergoing Vitreo-retinal surgery. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233517. [PMID: 32437405 PMCID: PMC7241722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitreo-retinal (VR) surgeries induce conjunctival changes. However, there are no study reports regarding prevalence and severity of dry eye after these surgeries. This study evaluated dry eye outcome after VR surgery. Patients undergoing VR surgery classified as scleral buckle and microincision vitrectomy surgery (n = 44, mean age: 56.09±10.2 years) were recruited. Dry eye evaluation was done before and 8 weeks after surgery (2 weeks after omitting topical eye drops). Conjunctival imprint cytology for goblet cell count and tear Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) protein estimation was done. Gene expressions of MUC5AC, MUC4, MUC16, Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and AQP5 were analyzed in the conjunctival imprint cells by qPCR. None of the patients exhibited clinical signs of dry eye after VR surgery. But the conjunctival goblet cell density (GCD) was significantly lowered post-VR surgery (63% cases, **p = 0.012) with no alterations in the tear MUC5AC protein. Post-VR surgery, the conjunctival cell gene expression of MUC4, MUC16 and AQP4 were significantly increased (*p = 0.025, *p = 0.05 and *p = 0.02 respectively) and AQP5 was significantly lowered (*p = 0.037), with no change in MUC5AC expression. Tear cytokines were significantly increased post-VR surgery (anti-inflammatory: IL1RA, IL4, IL5, IL9, FGF; PDGFbb and pro-inflammatory: IL2, IL6, IL15, GMCSF and IFNg). Though clinical signs of dry eye were not observed after VR surgery, ocular surface changes in the form of reduced GCD, altered MUC5AC, MUC4, MUC16, AQP4, AQP5 and cytokines are suggestive of dry eye outcome at the molecular level especially inpatients aged above 51 years, especially female gender and those who are diabetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Mani
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, SankaraNethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - P. S. Shobha
- Elite School of Optometry, Medical Research Foundation, SankaraNethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Thilagavathi
- Elite School of Optometry, Medical Research Foundation, SankaraNethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Padmanabhan Prema
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Medical Research Foundation, SankaraNethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Natarajan Viswanathan
- Department of Bio-Statistics, Vision Research Foundation, SankaraNethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Ratra Vineet
- Department of Comprehensive Ophthalmology, Medical Research Foundation, SankaraNethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Ratra Dhanashree
- Department of Vitreo-retinal Diseases, Medical Research Foundation, SankaraNethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Narayanasamy Angayarkanni
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, SankaraNethralaya, Chennai, India
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Han SB, Liu YC, Mohamed-Noriega K, Mehta JS. Application of Femtosecond Laser in Anterior Segment Surgery. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:8263408. [PMID: 32351726 PMCID: PMC7171667 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8263408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond laser (FSL) is a near-infrared laser that can create reliable and reproducible tissue cutting with minimal damage to adjacent tissue. As the laser can also create incisions with various orientations, depths, and shapes, it is expected to be a useful tool for anterior segment surgery, such as cornea, refractive, and cataract surgery. In this review, the authors will introduce the application of FSL in various anterior segment surgeries and discuss the results of studies regarding the efficacy and safety of FSL in cornea, refractive, and cataract surgery. Experimental studies regarding the potential use of FSL will also be introduced. The studies discussed in this review suggest that FSL may be a useful tool for improving the prognosis and safety of surgeries of the anterior segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Beom Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karim Mohamed-Noriega
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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