1
|
Kumari A, Sharma D, Sharma P, Wang C, Verma V, Patil A, Imran M, Singh MP, Kumar K, Paritosh K, Caragea D, Kapoor S, Chandel G, Grover A, Jagadish SVK, Katiyar-Agarwal S, Agarwal M. Meta-QTL and haplo-pheno analysis reveal superior haplotype combinations associated with low grain chalkiness under high temperature in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133115. [PMID: 36968399 PMCID: PMC10031497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chalk, an undesirable grain quality trait in rice, is primarily formed due to high temperatures during the grain-filling process. Owing to the disordered starch granule structure, air spaces and low amylose content, chalky grains are easily breakable during milling thereby lowering head rice recovery and its market price. Availability of multiple QTLs associated with grain chalkiness and associated attributes, provided us an opportunity to perform a meta-analysis and identify candidate genes and their alleles contributing to enhanced grain quality. From the 403 previously reported QTLs, 64 Meta-QTLs encompassing 5262 non-redundant genes were identified. MQTL analysis reduced the genetic and physical intervals and nearly 73% meta-QTLs were narrower than 5cM and 2Mb, revealing the hotspot genomic regions. By investigating expression profiles of 5262 genes in previously published datasets, 49 candidate genes were shortlisted on the basis of their differential regulation in at least two of the datasets. We identified non-synonymous allelic variations and haplotypes in 39 candidate genes across the 3K rice genome panel. Further, we phenotyped a subset panel of 60 rice accessions by exposing them to high temperature stress under natural field conditions over two Rabi cropping seasons. Haplo-pheno analysis uncovered haplotype combinations of two starch synthesis genes, GBSSI and SSIIa, significantly contributing towards the formation of grain chalk in rice. We, therefore, report not only markers and pre-breeding material, but also propose superior haplotype combinations which can be introduced using either marker-assisted breeding or CRISPR-Cas based prime editing to generate elite rice varieties with low grain chalkiness and high HRY traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sahil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Chaoxin Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Vibha Verma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Patil
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Md Imran
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madan Pal Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Paritosh
- Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants, New Delhi, India
| | - Doina Caragea
- Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Girish Chandel
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Manu Agarwal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of cool-season adapted chickpea varieties on physicochemical and nutritional characteristics in ruminant systems. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
3
|
Li J, Yao X, Yao Y, An L, Feng Z, Wu K. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Hulless Barely Phenotypes in Drought Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924892. [PMID: 35812943 PMCID: PMC9260272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main factors restricting hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) yield. Genome-wide association study was performed using 269 lines of hulless barley to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with drought-resistance traits. The plants were cultured under either normal or drought conditions, and various quantitative traits including shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf saturated fresh weight, leaf dry weight, ratio of root and shoot fresh weight, ratio of root and shoot dry weight, shoot water loss rate, root water loss rate, leaf water content and leaf relative water content, and field phenotypes including main spike length, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, thousand grain weight (TGW), main spike number, plant height, and effective spike number of plants were collected. After genotyping the plants, a total of 8,936,130 highly consistent population SNP markers were obtained with integrity > 0.5 and minor allele frequency > 0.05. Eight candidate genes potentially contributed to the hulless barley drought resistance were obtained at loci near significant SNPs. For example, EMB506, DCR, and APD2 genes for effective spike number of plants, ABCG11 gene for main spike number (MEN), CLPR2 gene for main spike length, YIP4B gene for root and shoot dry weight (RSWD), and GLYK and BTS genes for TGW. The SNPs and candidate genes identified in this study will be useful in hulless barley breeding under drought resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| | - Likun An
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| | - Zongyun Feng
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng G, Nagy C, Yu P. Combined molecular spectroscopic techniques (SR-FTIR, XRF, ATR-FTIR) to study physiochemical and nutrient profiles of Avena sativa grain and nutrition and structure interactive association properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7225-7237. [PMID: 35236186 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation based on Fourier transform infrared radiation (SR-FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and attenuated total reflection based on Fourier transform infrared radiation (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy are both fast determining and minimal sample preparing techniques. They are capable of detecting the internal molecular structures. However, these techniques are still not well understood by nutrition researchers for the analysis of feed. The purpose of this review is to introduce advanced SR-FTIR, XRF, and ATR-FTIR molecular techniques, use these techniques to study chemical and nutrient profiles of Avena sativa grain, and lastly to study the nutrition and structure interactive association properties. The review mainly focuses on the following aspects: 1) the background information of Avena sativa grain; its history, chemical composition, nutrient profile, inherent structure, and production; 2) molecular spectroscopic techniques; principles and spectral analysis methodology of SR-FTIR, XRF and ATR-FTIR; 3) the application of SR-FTIR, XRF, and ATR-FTIR as a novel approach. This review provides an insight on how molecular spectroscopic techniques could be used for the study of nutrition and structure interactive association properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganqi Deng
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Carlene Nagy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Malic Acid and Sucrose on the Fermentation Parameters, CNCPS Nitrogen Fractions, and Bacterial Community of Moringa oleifera Leaves Silage. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102102. [PMID: 34683423 PMCID: PMC8538485 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of malic acid, sucrose, and their mixture on the fermentation parameters, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) nitrogen fractions, and bacterial community of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) silages. The trial was divided into four treatments and labeled as CON (control group) and MLA, SUC, and MIX (respectively denoting the addition of 1% malic acid, 1% sucrose, and 1% malic acid + 1% sucrose to the fresh weight basis). The silage packages were opened on the 2nd, 5th, 10th, 20th, and 40th days of ensiling for subsequent determination. Malic acid and sucrose increased the lactic acid content (p < 0.05) and pH value, and the acetic acid contents of MLA and MIX were lower than those in CON (p < 0.05). Compared with sucrose, malic acid had a better capacity to preserve nutrients and inhibit proteolysis, and thus exerted better effects on the CNCPS nitrogen fractions. The results of 16S rRNA showed that the dominant phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and that the dominant genera were Lactobacillus and Weissella. With the application of silage additives and the processing of fermentation, there was a remarkable change in the composition and function of the bacterial community. The variation of the fermentation parameters and CNCPS nitrogen fractions in the MOL silages caused by malic acid and sucrose might be attributed to the dynamic and dramatic changes of the bacterial community.
Collapse
|
6
|
Highland barley starch (Qingke): Structures, properties, modifications, and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:725-738. [PMID: 34224757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Highland barley (HB) is mainly composed of starch, which may account for up to 65% of the dry weight to the kernel. HB possesses unique physical and chemical properties and has good industrial application potential. It has also been identified as a minor grain crop with excellent nutritional and health functions. Highland barley starch (HBS) features a number of structural and functional properties that render it a useful material for numerous food and non-food applications. This review summarizes the current status of research on the extraction processes, chemical composition, molecular fine structures, granular morphology, physicochemical properties, digestibility, chemical and physical modifications, and potential uses of HBS. The findings provide a comprehensive reference for further research on HBS and its applications in various food and non-food industries.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nie C, Li Y, Guan Y, Zhang K, Liu J, Fan M, Qian H, Wang L. Highland barley tea represses palmitic acid-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction via regulating AMPK/SIRT3/FoxO3a in myocytes. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Lin Y, Huang L, Tekliye M, Rasheed HA, Dong M. Composition, antioxidant, and anti-biofilm activity of anthocyanin-rich aqueous extract from purple highland barley bran. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
9
|
Guo R, Xu Z, Wu S, Li X, Li J, Hu H, Wu Y, Ai L. Molecular properties and structural characterization of an alkaline extractable arabinoxylan from hull-less barley bran. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 218:250-260. [PMID: 31221328 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An alkaline extractable arabinoxylan (HBAX-25) was fractionated from crude arabinoxylan (HBAX) obtained optimally in hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) bran. Molecular properties and structural characterization of HBAX-25 were investigated thoroughly based on chemical composition of 8.31% (w/w) moisture and 87.57% (w/w) sugar with specifically few proteins (1.08%, w/w) and high arabinoxylans (82.46%, w/w). Data from monosaccharide composition indicated that HBAX-25 mainly consisted of arabinose (30.13 mol%) and xylose (51.55 mol%) with A/X ratio of 0.58, representative for arabinoxylans, which coincided with FT-IR results and was corroborated by methylation and NMR analyses, i.e., a relatively low-branched arabinoxylan composed of un-substituted (1,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 71.19%), mono-substituted (1,3,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 14.78%) and di-substituted (1,2,3,4-linked β-D-Xylp, 10.76%) xylose units as backbone via β-(1→4) linkages, with six possible branches or individuals included. Hence, a structural basis of HBAX-25 was established, which could have potential in food and other value-added applications capable of interpreting their physicochemical, functional and technological characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongxiang Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shengfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xujiao Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinan Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Hu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Safety, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Interactive Curve-Linear Relationship Between Alteration of Carbohydrate Macromolecular Structure Traits in Hulless Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Grain and Nutrient Utilization, Biodegradation and Bioavailability. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061366. [PMID: 30889938 PMCID: PMC6471004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal an interactive curve-linear relationship between altered carbohydrate macromolecular structure traits of hulless barley cultivars and nutrient utilization, biodegradation, as well as bioavailability. The cultivars had different carbohydrate macromolecular traits, including amylose (A), amylopectin (AP), and β-glucan contents, as well as their ratios (A:AP). The parameters assessed included: (1) chemical and nutrient profiles; (2) protein and carbohydrate sub-fractions partitioned by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS); (3) total digestible nutrients (TDN) and energy values; and (4) in situ rumen degradation kinetics of nutrients and truly absorbed nutrient supply. The hulless barley samples were analyzed for starch (ST), crude protein (CP), total soluble crude protein (SCP), etc. The in situ incubation technique was performed to evaluate the degradation kinetics of the nutrients, as well as the effective degradability (ED) and bypass nutrient (B). Results showed that the carbohydrates (g/kg DM) had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level; while the starch level presented a quadratic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with β-glucan level. The CP and SCP contents had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05) with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level. The altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits were observed to have strongly curve-linear correlations with protein and carbohydrate fractions partitioned by CNCPS. For the in situ protein degradation kinetics, there was a quadratic effect of A:AP ratio on the rumen undegraded protein (RUP, g/kg DM) and a linear effect of β-glucan on the bypass protein (BCP, g/kg DM). The A:AP ratio and β-glucan levels had quadratic effects (p < 0.05) on BCP and EDCP. For ST degradation kinetics, the ST degradation rate (Kd), BST and EDST showed cubic effects (p < 0.05) with A:AP ratio. The β-glucan level showed a cubic effect on EDST (g/kg DM) and a quadratic effect on BST (g/kg ST or g/kg DM) and EDST (g/kg DM). In conclusion, alteration of carbohydrate macromolecular traits in hulless barley significantly impacted nutrient utilization, metabolic characteristics, biodegradation, and bioavailability. Altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits curve-linearly affected the nutrient profiles, protein and carbohydrate fractions, total digestible nutrient, energy values, and in situ degradation kinetics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Processing and Prebiotics Characteristics of β-Glucan Extract from Highland Barley. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-glucan extract (GE) was obtained from highland barley bran using alkaline–acid–alcohol extraction method. The stability, solubility, foaming ability, and prebiotics characteristics of GE were assessed consecutively. GE demonstrated excellent heat stability (hardly degraded at 220 °C) and pH stability, especially at neutral or alkaline condition, and its solubility was significantly influenced by temperature instead of pH or NaCl, achieving 0.91 g/100 g at 100 °C. Good foaming ability and foam stability of GE were observed during low temperatures (≤40 °C), neutral or alkaline condition. GE indicated a strong anti-digestibility capacity of resisting the hydrolysis of α-amylase and simulated human gastric acid. Interestingly, GE could effectively promote the growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, which was close to fructooligosaccharide. The results of this study could offer valuable information for the application of β-glucan from highland barley as prebiotics in promoting human intestinal health metabolism.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Zhang H, Beltranena E, Zijlstra R. Diet nutrient and energy digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs fed hulled or hull-less barley differing in fermentable starch and fibre to replace wheat grain. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
13
|
Ferreira G, Yang Y, Teets C, Brooks W, Griffey C. Technical note: In situ ruminal starch disappearance kinetics of hull-less barley, hulled barley, and corn grains. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6150-6154. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Sun B, Khan NA, Yu P. Molecular spectroscopic features of protein in newly developed chickpea: Relationship with protein chemical profile and metabolism in the rumen and intestine of dairy cows. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 196:168-177. [PMID: 29448169 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional value of crude protein (CP) in CDC [Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan] chickpea varieties (Frontier kabuli and Corinne desi) in comparison with a CDC barley variety in terms of: 1) CP chemical profile and subfractions; (2) in situ rumen degradation kinetics and intestinal digestibility of CP; 2) metabolizable protein (MP) supply to dairy cows; and (3) protein molecular structure characteristics using advanced molecular spectroscopy. The second aim was to quantify the relationship between protein molecular spectral characteristics and CP subfractions, in situ rumen CP degradation characteristics, intestinal digestibility of CP, and MP supply to dairy cows. Samples (n=4) of each variety, from two consecutive years were analyzed. Chickpeas had higher (P<0.01) CP content (21.71-22.11 vs 12.96% DM), with higher (P<0.05) soluble CP subfraction (59.07-70.27 vs 26.18% CP), and in situ soluble (23.44-25.85 vs 1.30% CP) and rumen degradable (RDP; 72.23-72.57 vs 58.48% CP) fractions than barley. The potentially slowly rumen degradable (D; 74.14-76.56 vs 93.31% CP) and undegradable (RUP; 27.43-27.66 vs 41.52% CP) fractions were lower (P<0.01) in the chickpeas than barley. The effective degradability ratio of N to organic matter (OM) (36.07-38.44gN/kg OM) of the chickpeas was higher than the optimal for achieving optimum microbial CP (MCP) synthesis. The truly digested MCP (64.94-66.43 vs. 41.43g/kg DM); MP (81.10-83.67 vs 61.0g/kg DM) feed milk value (1.64-1.70 vs 1.24) was higher in the chickpeas than barley grain. The chickpeas had higher (P<0.05) amide I and II peaks area and height, and α-helix and β-sheet peaks height than barley. Multivariate analysis showed that protein molecular spectral data of chickpeas can be distinguished from the barley. The two chickpeas did not differ in CP content, and any of the measured in situ degradation and molecular spectral characteristics of protein. The content of RUP was positively (r=0.94, P<0.01) and that of RDP was negatively (r=-0.94, P<0.01) correlated with amide I/II area ratio. The regression analysis showed that the content of CP (R2=0.91) D-fraction (R2=0.82), RDP (R2=0.77), RUP (R2=0.77), TDP (R2=0.98), MP (R2=0.80), and FMV (R2=0.80) can be predicted from amide II peak height. Despite extensive ruminal degradation, chickpea is a good source of MP for dairy cows, and molecular spectroscopy can be used to rapidly characterize feed protein molecular structures and predict their digestibility and nutritive value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Sun
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, 25130, KP, Pakistan.
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang Y, Ferreira G, Teets C, Corl B, Thomason W, Griffey C. Effects of feeding hulled and hull-less barley with low- and high-forage diets on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, and milk fatty acid composition of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3036-3043. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Liu H, Chen X, Zhang D, Wang J, Wang S, Sun B. Effects of Highland Barley Bran Extract Rich in Phenolic Acids on the Formation of N ε-Carboxymethyllysine in a Biscuit Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1916-1922. [PMID: 29414239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Highland barley, a staple food in northwest China, is a well-known source of bioactive phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of highland barley bran extract (HBBE) on the advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels in a biscuit model, as measured by Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) content. CML was detected in all inhibition models using HBBE extracted with different solvents. Under optimal conditions, CML formation in the heated model system composed of glucose/lysine/linoleic acid was effectively inhibited by HBBE. This inhibition effect using extracts from 60% acetone solution was 45.58%. Five major phenolic acids from HBBE (ferulic, syringic, sinapic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids) were further tested for their trapping and scavenging abilities of glyoxal, a reactive carbonyl species and a key intermediate compound for forming CML. This study has demonstrated that HBBE can potentially control CML formation during food processing, therefore effectively reducing glycation in foods and benefiting those with chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomo Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianwei Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , 29 The Thirteenth Road, Tianjin Economy and Technology Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) , 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun B, Khan NA, Sun M, Prates LL, Yu P. Curve-linear relationship between altered carbohydrate traits with molecular structure and truly absorbed nutrient supply to dairy cattle in new hulless barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Yan X, Shi H, Zhang F, Ying Y, Zhang W, Yu P. Effect of durations of microwave irradiation (3 and 5 min) on truly absorbable nutrient supply of newly developed hulless barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) in comparison with conventional hulled barley variety. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Rong Y, Xu N, Xie B, Hao J, Yi L, Cheng R, Li D, Linhardt RJ, Zhang Z. Sequencing analysis of β-glucan from highland barley with high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to quadrupole time – Of – Flight mass spectrometry. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
20
|
Yang Y, Ferreira G, Teets C, Corl B, Thomason W, Griffey C. Effects of feeding hull-less barley on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3576-3583. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Yan X, Zhang F, Yu P. The inter-relationship between processing-induced molecular structure features and metabolic and digestive characteristics in hulled and hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains with altered carbohydrate traits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1207-1211. [PMID: 27311829 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to determine the microwave irradiation (MIR)-induced changes in protein molecular structures in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains in relation to the truly absorbable protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems. Samples from hulled and hulless cultivars of barley, harvested in consecutive years from four replicate plots, were evaluated. The samples were either kept raw or were irradiated with microwaves for 3 min (MIR3) or 5 min (MIR5). The truly absorbable protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems was evaluated using the DVE/OEB system (DVE, truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; OEB, degraded protein balance). Molecular structure changes as a result of processing were revealed by vibrational molecular spectroscopy in the mid-infrared electromagnetic radiation region. RESULTS Compared to the raw samples, MIR processing decreased (P < 0.05) the truly absorbable microbial crude protein and increased (P < 0.05) the truly absorbable rumen undegraded protein and endogenous protein supply without affecting the total truly absorbed protein supply to the small intestine (DVE) and degraded protein balance (OEB) in ruminant livestock systems. Changes in protein molecular structure (spectral intensities) were highly correlated with the changes in the truly absorbed protein nutrient supply to ruminant livestock systems. CONCLUSION The results of the present study show that the changes in protein molecular structure as a result of MIR feed processing were associated with the truly absorbed protein supply to ruminant livestock systems. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yan
- The Branch Academy of Animal Science, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- The Branch Academy of Animal Science, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, 136100, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang X, Khan NA, Zhang X, Yu P. Effects of canola meal pellet conditioning temperature and time on ruminal and intestinal digestion, hourly effective degradation ratio, and potential nitrogen to energy synchronization in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:8836-45. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
23
|
Superfine grinding improves functional properties and antioxidant capacities of bran dietary fibre from Qingke (hull-less barley) grown in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Ding S, Oba M, Swift ML, Edney M, O'Donovan JT, McAllister TA, Yang WZ. Short Communication: The effect of seed hardness and malting characteristics on in situ dry matter digestibility of barley grain in beef heifers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ding, S., Oba, M., Swift, M. L., Edney, M., O'Donovan, J. T., McAllister, T. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2015. Short Communication: The effect of seed hardness and malting characteristics on in situ dry matter digestibility of barley grain in beef heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 299–303. An in situ study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD) and seed hardness or malting characteristics of barley grain. Samples were selected for low and high values of seed hardness index (53 vs. 65; N = 18), beta-glucan content in wort (122 vs. 316 ppm; N = 18), diastatic power (146 vs. 203°L; N = 18), and friability (46 vs. 81%; N = 18) in malt, and incubated in the rumen of three beef heifers for 4, 12 and 48 h. In situ DMD did not vary with beta-glucan concentration or friability. However, barley grain with low seed hardness had lower (P = 0.02) in situ DMD than those with high seed hardness after 4 h of incubation. The barley samples with low diastatic power also had (P = 0.02) higher DMD than with high diastatic power after 4 h, a trend (P = 0.07) that continued after 12 h of incubation. Seed hardness and malting characteristics may have the potential to predict DMD of barley grain in the rumen. However, observed differences in in situ DMD were relatively minor, and we did not detect a relationship between malting characteristics and in situ DMD at longer incubation times. This suggests that the identified grain physical and malt parameters may impact the rate, but not the extent of barley grain digestion in the rumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ding
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - M. Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - M. L. Swift
- Alberta Agriculture and Food, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - M. Edney
- Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3C 3G8
| | - J. T. O'Donovan
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - W. Z. Yang
- Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang L, Yu P. Synchrotron-based and globar-sourced molecular (micro)spectroscopy contributions to advances in new hulless barley (with structure alteration) research on molecular structure, molecular nutrition, and nutrient delivery. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:224-236. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.876386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Du B, Zhu F, Xu B. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of dietary fibers from Qingke (hull-less barley) flour as affected by ultrafine grinding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Yan X, Khan NA, Zhang F, Yang L, Yu P. Microwave irradiation induced changes in protein molecular structures of barley grains: relationship to changes in protein chemical profile, protein subfractions, and digestion in dairy cows. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6546-6555. [PMID: 24941451 DOI: 10.1021/jf501024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate microwave irradiation (MIR) induced changes in crude protein (CP) subfraction profiles, ruminal CP degradation characteristics and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP), and protein molecular structures in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains. Samples from hulled (n = 1) and hulless cultivars (n = 2) of barley, harvested from four replicate plots in two consecutive years, were evaluated. The samples were either kept as raw or irradiated in a microwave for 3 min (MIR3) or 5 min (MIR5). Compared to raw grains, MIR5 decreased the contents of rapidly degradable CP subfraction (from 45.22 to 6.36% CP) and the ruminal degradation rate (from 8.16 to 3.53%/h) of potentially degradable subfraction. As a consequence, the effective ruminal degradability of CP decreased (from 55.70 to 34.08% CP) and RUP supply (from 43.31 to 65.92% CP) to the postruminal tract increased. The MIR decreased the spectral intensities of amide 1, amide II, α-helix, and β-sheet and increased their ratios. The changes in protein spectral intensities were strongly correlated with the changes in CP subfractions and digestive kinetics. These results show that MIR for a short period (5 min) with a lower energy input can improve the nutritive value and utilization of CP in barely grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang L, McKinnon JJ, Christensen DA, Beattie AD, Yu P. Characterizing the molecular structure features of newly developed hulless barley cultivars with altered carbohydrate traits (Hordeum vulgare L.) by globar-sourced infrared spectroscopy in relation to nutrient utilization and availability. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
29
|
Yang L, Christensen DA, McKinnon JJ, Beattie AD, Xin H, Yu P. Investigating the molecular structural features of hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in relation to metabolic characteristics using synchrotron-based fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11250-11260. [PMID: 24156528 DOI: 10.1021/jf403196z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIRM) technique was used to quantify molecular structural features of the four hulless barley lines with altered carbohydrate traits [amylose, 1-40% of dry matter (DM); β-glucan, 5-10% of DM] in relation to rumen degradation kinetics, intestinal nutrient digestion, and predicted protein supply. Spectral features of β-glucan (both area and heights) in hulless barley lines showed a negative correlation with protein availability in the small intestine, including truly digested protein in the small intestine (DVE) (r = -0.76, P < 0.01; r = -0.84, P < 0.01) and total metabolizable protein (MP) (r = -0.71, P < 0.05; r = -0.84, P < 0.01). Variation in absorption intensities of total carbohydrate (CHO) was observed with negative effects on protein degradation, digestion, and potential protein supply (P < 0.05). Molecular structural features of CHO in hulless barley have negative effects on the supply of true protein to ruminants. The results clearly indicated the impact of the carbohydrate-protein structure and matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science and ‡Crop Development Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Predicted truly absorbed protein supply to dairy cattle from hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with altered carbohydrate traits with multi-year samples. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|