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Muyanlı EB, Yılmaz R. RT-qPCR based quantitative analysis of ARO and ADH genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Metschnikowia pulcherrima strains growth white grape juice. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:547. [PMID: 38642187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast biosynthesizes fusel alcohols in fermentation through amino acid catabolism via the Ehrlich pathway. ARO8 and ARO9 genes are involved in the first step of the Ehrlich pathway, while ADH2 and ADH5 genes are involved in the last step. In this study, we describe RT-qPCR methods to determine the gene expression level of genes (ARO8, ARO9, ADH2, ADH5) found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) and Metschnikowia pulcherrima (Mp) strains growth pasteurized white grape juice. METHODS AND RESULTS We used RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis protocols. The RT-qPCR efficiency of primer pairs was evaluated by generating a standard curve through serial dilution of yeast-derived cDNA. Method performance criteria were determined for each RT-qPCR assay. Then, we evaluated the gene expression levels of the four genes in all samples. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from yeast samples demonstrated the method's capability to generate high-yield, high-purity nucleic acids, supporting further RT-qPCR analysis. The highest normalized gene expression levels of ARO8 and ARO9 were observed in SC1, SC4, and SC5 samples. No significant difference in ADH2 gene expression among Mp strains was observed during the examination of ADH2 and ADH5 genes (p < 0.05). We observed no expression of the ADH5 gene in Mp strains except MP6 strain. The expression of ADH2 and ADH5 genes was higher in Sc strains compared to Mp strains. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the proposed RT-qPCR methods can measure gene expression of ARO8, ARO9, ADH2, and ADH5 in Sc and Mp strains growing in pasteurized white grape juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bircan Muyanlı
- FoodOmics Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Remziye Yılmaz
- FoodOmics Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W. The Significance and Importance of dPCR, qPCR, and SYBR Green PCR Kit in the Detection of Numerous Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:169-179. [PMID: 38243947 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128276560231218090436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Digital PCR (dPCR) is the latest technique that has become commercially accessible for various types of research. This method uses Taq polymerase in a standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a target DNA fragment from a complex sample, like quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (dd- PCR). ddPCR may facilitate microRNA (miRNA) measurement, particularly in liquid biopsy, because it has been proven to be more effective and sensitive, and in this method, ddPCR can provide an unprecedented chance for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation research because of its capability to increase sensitivity and precision over conventional PCR-based methods. qPCR has also been found to be a valuable standard technique to measure both copy DNA (cDNA) and genomic DNA (gDNA) levels, although the finding data can be significantly variable and non-reproducible without relevant validation and verification of both primers and samples. The SYBR green quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method has been reported as an appropriate technique for quantitative detection and species discrimination, and has been applied profitably in different experiments to determine, quantify, and discriminate species. Although both TaqMan qRT-PCR and SYBR green qRT-PCR are sensitive and rapid, the SYBR green qRT-PCR assay is easy and the TaqMan qRT-PCR assay is specific but expensive due to the probe required. This review aimed to introduce dPCR, qPCR, SYBR green PCR kit, and digital PCR, compare them, and also introduce their advantages in the detection of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Wenli Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
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Hu J, Xu X, Xu L, Kuang H, Xu C, Guo L. Gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid and on-site detection of wheat allergen in milk. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li J, Li J, Wei Y, Xu S, Xiong S, Li D, Wang S, Liang A. Application of family-specific primers in multiplex real-time PCR for meat categories screening. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Liu HY, Wadood SA, Xia Y, Liu Y, Guo H, Guo BL, Gan RY. Wheat authentication:An overview on different techniques and chemometric methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:33-56. [PMID: 34196234 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1942783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops and is consumed as a staple food around the globe. Wheat authentication has become a crucial issue over the last decades. Recently, many techniques have been applied in wheat authentication including the authentication of wheat geographical origin, wheat variety, organic wheat, and wheat flour from other cereals. This paper collected related literature in the last ten years, and attempted to highlight the recent studies on the discrimination and authentication of wheat using different determination techniques and chemometric methods. The stable isotope analysis and elemental profile of wheat are promising tools to obtain information regarding the origin, and variety, and to differentiate organic from conventional farming of wheat. Image analysis, genetic parameters, and omics analysis can provide solutions for wheat variety, organic wheat, and wheat adulteration. Vibrational spectroscopy analyses, such as NIR, FTIR, and HIS, in combination with multivariate data analysis methods, such as PCA, LDA, and PLS-DA, show great potential in wheat authenticity and offer many advantages such as user-friendly, cost-effective, time-saving, and environment friendly. In conclusion, analytical techniques combining with appropriate multivariate analysis are very effective to discriminate geographical origin, cultivar classification, and adulterant detection of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Syed Abdul Wadood
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Home Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yu Xia
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-Li Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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