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Pande S, Raisuddin S. The Underexplored Dimensions of Nutritional Hormesis. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:386-394. [PMID: 35723856 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hormesis is biphasic response wherein low and high doses of chemical and nutrient confer beneficial and toxic effects respectively, typically in a U-shaped manner. Hormesis is intricately related to bioenergetic state of a cell, and therefore, nutrition impacts it. Excessive nutrition can halt the endogenous antioxidant synthesis leading to cytotoxic effects. While low and optimum doses of the same bring about hormetic stimulation that can exalt the antioxidant response and reduce susceptibility towards degenerative diseases. The sirtuin family of proteins is triggered by mild stress of calorie restriction and exerts hormesis. Similarly, several phytochemicals and micronutrients are known to bring about health benefits at optimum dose and deleterious effects at high doses. Despite this attribute, nutritional hormesis is not very well researched upon because the magnitude of hormetic effect observed is generally quite modest. There is no precise regulation of optimal intake of certain foods to witness hormesis and no characterization of any biomarker that reports stress responses at various doses above or below optimal intakes. There is a major gap in research between nutrition and hormesis being affected by sirtuin family of proteins, phytochemicals, and micronutrients. RECENT FINDINGS Mild stress of calorie restriction elevates sirtuin protein and effect of sirtuin protein on hormesis has been recently reported. More foods that enhance sirtuin protein, phytochemicals, and micronutrients need to be explored in relation to hormesis and associated health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Pande
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) are unique posttranslational modification enzymes that utilize NAD + as co-substrate to remove acyl groups from lysine residues. SIRT act on variety of substrates and impact major metabolic process. All seven members of SIRT family are unique and targets wide range of cellular proteins in nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for post-translational modification by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP-ribosylation (SIRT4 and 6). Each member of SIRT family is distinct. SIRT2 was first to be discovered that incited research on mammalian SIRT. Enzymatic activities of SIRT 4 are yet to be elucidated while only SIRT7 is localized in nucleoli that govern the transcription of RNA polymerase I. SIRT 5 and 6 exhibit weakest deacetylase activity. Out of all SIRT analogs, SIRT1 is identified as nutrient sensor. Increased expression of only SIRT3 is linked with longevity in humans. Since SIRT is regulated by the bioenergetic state of the cell, nutrition impacts it but very few studies about diet-mediated effect on SIRT are reported. The present review elaborates distribution, specific biological role and prominent effect of all SIRT on vital human tissue along with highlighting need to trace molecular mechanisms and identifying foods that may augment it beneficially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Pande
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Pande S, Ranjan R, Ryazanova M, Shuvaev AN, Salmina AB, Kratasyuk VA. Buckwheat-enriched diet alleviates bisphenol A mediated oxidative stress via modulation of sirtuin 1 and antioxidant status in experimental rats. Food Chem 2021; 373:131507. [PMID: 34763933 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Present study investigated effect of dietary buckwheat in alleviating bisphenol A (BPA) mediated oxidative stress, concomitant sirtuin1 levels in serum, stomach, and liver of rats. Experimental group A and B ingested standard diet, C and D consumed buckwheat (30%); group A and C drank normal water, B and C had BPA contamination (10 mg L-1). Sirtuin1 mean B/A ratio nearing unity in all tissues reveals inertness of BPA towards sirtuin1. Dietary buckwheat improved sirtuin1 levels both in normal (mean C/A ratio of serum, 1.65; liver, 1.24; stomach, 1.78) and BPA fed state (mean D/B ratio of serum, 1.9; liver, 1.26; stomach, 1.75). Buckwheat augmented antioxidant status in BPA fed rats as seen in mean D/B ratio of serum (catalase, 2.4; glutathione reductase (GR), 1.33; Thiols, 1.2), liver (catalase, 2; GR, 2.5; Thiols, 1.36) and stomach (catalase, 1.31; GR, 1.5; Thiols, 1.33). Therefore, buckwheat counters BPA-led oxidative stress and modulates sirtuin1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Pande
- Laboratory of Bioluminescent Biotechnologies, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia; Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, P. Zheleznyaka 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia.
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Laboratory of Bioluminescent Biotechnologies, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Maria Ryazanova
- Laboratory of Bioluminescent Biotechnologies, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Anton N Shuvaev
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, P. Zheleznyaka 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, P. Zheleznyaka 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Brain Cytology, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina A Kratasyuk
- Laboratory of Bioluminescent Biotechnologies, Department of Biophysics, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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