1
|
Loenenbach A, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Harder T, Poethko-Müller C, Thamm M, Lachmann R, Deleré Y, Wichmann O, Wiese-Posselt M. Seroprevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types among children and adolescents in the general population in Germany. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:44. [PMID: 35012452 PMCID: PMC8751243 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Germany, HPV vaccination of adolescent girls was introduced in 2007. Nationally representative data on the distribution of vaccine-relevant HPV types in the pre-vaccination era are, however, only available for the adult population. To obtain data in children and adolescents, we assessed the prevalence and determinants of serological response to 16 different HPV types in a representative sample of 12,257 boys and girls aged 1–17 years living in Germany in 2003–2005. Methods Serum samples were tested for antibodies to nine mucosal and seven cutaneous HPV types. The samples had been collected during the nationally representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in 2003–2006. We calculated age- and gender-specific HPV seroprevalence. We used multivariable regression models to identify associations between demographic and behavioral characteristics and HPV seropositivity. Results We found low but non-zero seroprevalence for the majority of tested HPV types among children and adolescents in Germany. The overall seroprevalence of HPV-16 was 2.6%, with slightly higher values in adolescents. Seroprevalence of all mucosal types but HPV-6 ranged from 0.6% for HPV-33, to 6.4% for HPV-31 and did not differ by gender. We found high overall seroprevalence for HPV-6 with 24.8%. Cutaneous HPV type seroprevalence ranged from 4.0% for HPV-38 to 31.7% for HPV-1. In the majority of cutaneous types, seroprevalence did not differ between boys and girls, but increased sharply with age, (e.g., HPV-1 from 1.5% in 1–3-years-old to 45.1% in 10–11-years-old). Associations between behavioral factors and type-specific HPV prevalence were determined to be heterogeneous. Conclusions We report the first nationally representative data of naturally acquired HPV antibody reactivity in the pre-HPV-vaccination era among children and adolescents living in Germany. These data can be used as baseline estimates for evaluating the impact of the current HPV vaccination strategy targeting 9–14-years-old boys and girls. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07028-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Loenenbach
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Thamm
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raskit Lachmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ole Wichmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Wiese-Posselt
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Detection of Human Papillomaviruses in the Nasopharynx of Breastfed Infants: New Findings and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101119. [PMID: 33019742 PMCID: PMC7650825 DOI: 10.3390/v12101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) from mother to infant is known to occur during labor, delivery or breastfeeding. Infection with mucosal HPV 6 and 11 may cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children, which is a rare and severe respiratory disease. The cutaneous HPV genotypes have also been described to be transmitted from mother to newborn through skin-to-skin contacts and during breastfeeding. To investigate the perinatal transmission of alpha and beta HPVs we collected nasopharyngeal specimens from 0-12-months-old infants born by vaginal delivery and breastfed at the time of sample collection. The mucosal and cutaneous HPVs were searched by nested PCR using the MY09/11-MGPs and CP65/70-CP66/69 primer sets, respectively, and genotypes identified by direct sequencing analysis. Fourteen out of 113 (12.4%) samples tested positive for HPV and sequence analysis allowed us to identify eight beta genotypes (HPV 5b, 20, 25, 100, 107, 124, 152 and RTRX7). Moreover, we performed a comprehensive review of published studies on the prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous HPVs among 5126 newborns and observed that 10% and 53% were positive for alpha and beta HPVs, respectively. In all studies there was an inverse correlation between the rate of alpha HPV positivity and age, while a significant positive trend was observed in beta HPV detection and age with the highest rate among children older than 12 months (Χ2 test for trend of 10.6, p < 0.001). Further studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis that beta HPVs are transmitted to breastfeeding infants through shedding of viruses in the breast milk or on the external breast epithelium.
Collapse
|
3
|
Mboumba Bouassa RS, Péré H, Jenabian MA, Veyer D, Meye JF, Touzé A, Bélec L. Natural and vaccine-induced B cell-derived systemic and mucosal humoral immunity to human papillomavirus. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:579-607. [PMID: 32242472 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1750950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) are the causative agent of mucosal neoplasia. Both cervical, anal and oropharyngeal cancers incidence is constantly increasing, making the HPV infection, a significant worldwide concern. Together, the CD8+ T cytotoxic cell-mediated response and the HPV-specific antibody response control most of the HPV infections before the development of cancers.Areas covered: We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and identified 228 eligible studies from 1987 to 2019 which examines both naturally acquired and vaccine induced humoral immunity against HPV infection in female and male subjects from worldwide origin. Herein, we synthesize current knowledge on the features of systemic and mucosal humoral immunity against HPV. We discuss the issues of the balance between the viral clearance or the escape to the host immune response, the differences between natural and vaccine-induced HPV-specific antibodies and their neutralizing capability. We also discuss the protection afforded after natural infection or following prophylactic vaccination.Expert opinion: Understanding the antibody response induced by HPV infection has led to the design of first-generation prophylactic vaccines. Now, prophylactic vaccination induces protective and long-lasting antibody response which would also strengthened the natural moderate humoral response in people previously exposed to the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Laboratoire De Virologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de virologie, Ecole Doctorale Régionale En Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,INSERM UMR U970 (Immunothérapie Et Traitement Anti-angiogénique En cancérologie), Paris Centre De Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire De Virologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR U970 (Immunothérapie Et Traitement Anti-angiogénique En cancérologie), Paris Centre De Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département Des Sciences Biologiques Et Centre De Recherche BioMed, Université Du Québec À Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire De Virologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Meye
- Service De Gynécologie Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Agondjé Et Faculté De Médecine De Libreville, Université Des Sciences De La Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Antoine Touzé
- UMRINRA ISP 1282, Equipe Biologie Des Infections À Polyomavirus, Université De Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire De Virologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR U970 (Immunothérapie Et Traitement Anti-angiogénique En cancérologie), Paris Centre De Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zahreddine M, Mayrand MH, Therrien C, Trevisan A, Dagenais C, Monnier P, Laporte L, Niyibizi J, Deshaies C, Carceller AM, Fraser W, Brassard P, Lacroix J, Bédard MJ, Girard I, Audibert F, Coutlée F, Trottier H. Antibodies to human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16 and 18: Vertical transmission and clearance in children up to two years of age. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 21:100334. [PMID: 32382718 PMCID: PMC7201033 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a paucity of data on the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies in children. We aimed to describe the vertical transmission and clearance of antibodies against HPV6, 11, 16 and 18 in children. Methods: We used data from pregnant women recruited into the HERITAGE cohort study between 2009 and 2012 who were positive for HPV-DNA at baseline. Dried blood spots were collected during the first trimester in pregnant participants, and at birth, 6, 12, and 24 months of age in children. The level of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) against HPV6, 11, 16 and 18 were measured using Luminex immunoassays. Spearman's coefficients were used to correlate HPV antibody levels between newborns and mothers. Panel and Kaplan-Meier graphics described antibody dynamics in the first 24 months of life. Findings: Antibodies from newborns and mothers (n = 58 pairs) were moderately to highly correlated with coefficients of 0·81 (95% confidence intervals (CI):0·70-0·88), 0·68 (95% CI:0·5-0·80), 0·90 (95% CI:0·83-0·94) and 0·85 (95% CI:0·76-0·91) against HPV6, 11, 16 and 18, respectively. In newborns seropositive at birth, anti-HPV antibodies were cleared by 80% and 100% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Only two children presented detectable HPV antibodies at 24 months. The first child had no detectable antibodies at birth and the second presented increasing levels after two undetected measures. Interpretation: Correlation between mother and newborn IgG antibodies against HPV suggests vertical transfer. Most children cleared anti-HPV antibodies within six to 12 months. Funding: The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zahreddine
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christian Therrien
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Andrea Trevisan
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carole Dagenais
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Patricia Monnier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louise Laporte
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joseph Niyibizi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Deshaies
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Carceller
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - William Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Paul Brassard
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bédard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Girard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St-Mary's Hospital Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Audibert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Helen Trottier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Street, Room B.17.002, Montreal (QC), H3T 1C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
[Anogenital warts and HPV-associated precancers : Looking into the recently passed German S2k guideline]. Urologe A 2019; 57:453-457. [PMID: 29427023 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-018-0580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anogenital warts are the most frequently sexually transmitted disease caused by viral infections worldwide. People's lifetime risk to suffer from this disease or HPV-associated precancers counts to more than 10%. The therapy and the recurrence rates of both disorders continue to be challenging in Germany because the coverage rate of the preventive HPV vaccination is still insufficient. This underlines the importance of a recently passed interdisciplinary German guideline on anogenital HPV lesions. This article summarizes the main aspects of the new guideline. Specialists should be consulted by children, pregnant women, individuals suffering from immunodeficiency and people frequently having relapses of HPV-associated diseases or having lesions being accessible only endoscopically.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ribeiro MGM, Marcolino LD, Ramos BRDA, Trento CL, Araujo KCGMD, Silva JRS, Jain S, Gurgel RQ, Silva MG, Dolabella SS. Elevated prevalence of high-risk HPV in healthy oral mucosa of users and nonusers of drugs in Northeastern Brazil. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e031. [PMID: 30994708 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Variable rates of HPV infection have been reported in healthy oral mucosa worldwide. The main objective of this study was to detect and genotype HPV infection in users and nonusers of drugs with clinically healthy mucosa from the Northeast Brazil. Samples from 105 patients were amplified using the primers MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, and genotyping was performed by multiplex-PCR for HPV-6/11, 16 and 18. A total of 81.9% samples were positive. Among drug users, 84.5% presented the virus and 20.4% showed multiple infections. Among non-drug users, 78.7% were positive and 13.5% had multiple infections. Limited information is available on oral HPV in Brazilian population, especially for drug users, and our results showed higher HPV infection rates in both users and nonusers of drugs. More studies and researches focused on drug users including factors like sexual behavior, nutrition and cultural habits are necessary to enhance the comprehension of this relationship, and develop preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Doddi Marcolino
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Rodrigo Santos Silva
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Sona Jain
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, Department of Morphology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Guimarães Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ikegami T, Uehara T, Deng Z, Kondo S, Maeda H, Kiyuna A, Agena S, Hirakawa H, Yamashita Y, Ganaha A, Suzuki M. Detection of human papillomavirus in branchial cleft cysts. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1571-1578. [PMID: 30008839 PMCID: PMC6036516 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been reported to be present in branchial cleft cysts, but further information is required to clarify the role of HPV infection in branchial cleft cysts. The presence of HPV, the viral load and the physical statuses in samples from six patients with branchial cleft cysts were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization (ISH) using HPV DNA probes and p16INK4a immunohistochemical analysis. High-risk type HPV-16 DNA was identified in four of the six branchial cleft cysts analyzed. Of the HPV-positive branchial cleft cysts, three exhibited mixed-type integration of HPV. HPV DNA was distributed among the basal-to-granular layers of the cystic wall in ISH analysis, and p16INK4a was weakly expressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of the same layers in patients with integration. ISH revealed that one patient with episomal-type infection exhibited HPV DNA in the cyst wall and did not express p16INK4a. Two patients without evidence of HPV infection exhibited weak p16INK4a expression in the superficial cyst-lining cells of branchial cleft cysts. These results indicate that infection with high-risk HPV types may be common in branchial cleft cysts. In addition, p16INK4a is not a reliable surrogate marker for HPV infection in branchial cleft cysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ikegami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uehara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Zeyi Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Shunsuke Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Asanori Kiyuna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shinya Agena
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yukashi Yamashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Akira Ganaha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Mikio Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park SE, Ha JW, Kim CW, Kim SS. Preliminary study of analyzing mucosal human papillomaviruses in cutaneous warts by restriction fragment mass polymorphism. J Dermatol 2017; 44:1368-1373. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- So Eun Park
- Department of Dermatology; Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Chuncheon Korea
| | - Jae Won Ha
- Department of Dermatology; Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chul Woo Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Sang Seok Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital; Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sartori MPDN, Agostini LP, Tovar TT, Reis RS, Dettogni RS, Dos Santos EDVW, Filho AC, Louro ID. Presence of infection and analysis of HPV subtypes in girls younger than 9 years old attended at a referral service in Espírito Santo, Brazil. J Med Virol 2017; 90:761-766. [PMID: 29144546 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in adults and adolescents and is associated with genital warts and cervical cancer. However, it has been detected in girls younger than 10 years old. Currently, there are no prevention methods for this age group, since it is not considered a risk group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of infection and HPV subtype in girls under 9 years old attended at a referral service in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Forty-three girls younger than 9 years old had gynecological brush samples collected from vulval and perineal/anal regions. Viral detection and subtyping were done using polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Statistics was performed using Action Stat 3.1. The mean age of girls was 6.1 years. Sexual activity and abuse were not reported by 95.3%. Family stories showed viral infection in 9.3% of mothers, 4.7% of fathers and 9.3% of caretakers. None of these were related with the children infection. In the only case of mother's gestational HPV infection, the daughter tested negative. Genital warts and infection were observed in 7% and 13.9% of the patients, respectively. Viral subtypes detected were 6, 11, 38, and 42. These results demonstrate the presence of HPV infection in girls under 9 years of age. Prevalence studies are needed in order to evaluate a possible alteration in age of vaccination policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P D N Sartori
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lidiane P Agostini
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Thaís T Tovar
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Reis
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Dettogni
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eldamária de V W Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Filho
- Emescam, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Avenida Nossa Senhora da Penha, Santa Luiza, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Iúri D Louro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sabeena S, Bhat P, Kamath V, Arunkumar G. Possible non-sexual modes of transmission of human papilloma virus. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43:429-435. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvati Bhat
- Dr T.M.A. Pai Hospital; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Veena Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Snietura M, Chelmecka-Wiktorczyk L, Pakulo S, Kopec A, Piglowski W, Drabik G, Kosowski B, Wyrobek L, Stanek-Widera A, Balwierz W. Vertically transmitted HPV-dependent squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal. Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 193:156-161. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-016-1047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Heim K, Hudelist G, Geier A, Szedenik H, Christensen ND, Concin N, Bergant A, Volgger B, Czerwenka K, Höpfl R. Type-Specific Antiviral Antibodies to Genital Human Papillomavirus Types in Mothers and Newborns. Reprod Sci 2016; 14:806-14. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719107309546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Heim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria,
| | - Gernot Hudelist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital,Villach,Austria, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Special Gynecology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Geier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Hannes Szedenik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, Department of Pathology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
| | - Nicole Concin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Anton Bergant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Birgit Volgger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Innsbruck,Austria
| | - Klaus Czerwenka
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Division of Gynecopathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Höpfl
- Department of Dermatolgy and Venerology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Szukiewicz D, Alkhalayla H, Pyzlak M, Watroba M, Szewczyk G, Wejman J. Human beta-defensin 1, 2 and 3 production by amniotic epithelial cells with respect to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, HPV oncogenic potential and the mode of delivery. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:154-65. [PMID: 27289038 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human beta-defensins (HBD) produced by human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) co-create an innate antiviral immune response in the materno-placento-fetal unit. Oncogenic potential of HPV may reflect its ability to avoid immune recognition. In this study we assessed the risk of HAEC infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) in relation to the type of labor and the impact of the oncogenic potential of HPV on HBD production in HAEC. METHODS A comparative analysis [HPV(+) vs. HPV(-)HAEC] of the production of HBD were performed. HAEC were isolated from placentas of 116 HPV(+) and 36 HPV(-) parturients (groups I and II, respectively) using trypsin-based method. The cases of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), natural labors (NL) and cesarean sections (CS) were analysed in respective subgroups. High-risk (HR-HPV) and low-risk (LR-HPV) genotypes of HPV in cervical smears and HAEC were identified using the Roche Linear Array(®) HPV Genotyping Test. HBD-1,-2,-3 concentrations in the HAEC culture supernatant were assessed using ELISA. RESULTS The highest percentage (42.1%) of HPV transmission to HAEC occurred in PROM, an intermediate value was observed after NL (38.5%), and the lowest (25.6%) after CS. The mean concentrations of HBD-2 and HBD-3 in group I were up to 3.1- and 2.8-fold higher (p < 0.05), respectively. The mean concentration of HBD-2 was higher (p < 0.05) in LR-HPV infection compared with HR-HPV. CONCLUSIONS The course of labor and the mode of delivery influence the risk of HPV transmission to the HAEC. HPV infection upregulates HBD-2 and HBD-3 production in HAEC. Smaller increases in HBD-2 level after HR-HPV infection as compared to LR-HPV may affect cancerogenesis. Therapeutic potential of HBD-2 for HR-HPV infection should be assessed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Habib Alkhalayla
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Pyzlak
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Watroba
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Wejman
- Department of Pathology, Professor Witold Orlowski Public Clinical Hospital, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bacopoulou F, Karakitsos P, Kottaridi C, Stefanaki C, Deligeoroglou E, Theodoridou K, Chrousos GP, Michos A. Genital HPV in Children and Adolescents: Does Sexual Activity Make a Difference? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016; 29:228-33. [PMID: 26342734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection among prepubertal children, sexually active and not sexually active adolescents, and assess potential risk factors for transmission. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Outpatient adolescent health clinic. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-five girls aged 2-21 years; 38 sexually active adolescents (group A), 28 not sexually active adolescents (group B), and 29 prepubertal children (group C). INTERVENTIONS Participants' vaginal or cervical specimens were tested for HPV with the CLART HPV 2 assay (Clinical Array Technology, Genomica, Madrid, Spain) and for cytological abnormalities with liquid-based cytology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in prevalence of low- and high-risk HPV infections among the 3 groups. RESULTS Genital HPV was detected in 37.9% (36/95) of all participants; 47.4% (18/38) of group A, 28.6% (8/28) of group B, and 34.5% (10/29)of group C (P = .27). Multiple HPV infection was detected in 26.3% (10/38), 10.7% (3/28), and 13.8% (4/29) of groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = .21). High-risk genotypes were detected in 47.4% (18/38), 28.6% (8/28), and 24.1% (7/29) of groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = .10). Main high-risk genotypes were HPV 16 (27%, 10/37), HPV 31 (21.6%, 8/37 ), HPV 35 (13.5%, 5/37), HPV 53 (13.5%, 5/37), and low-risk HPV 6 (18.9%, 7/37). Sexual activity was associated with increased risk for genital high-risk HPV infection (odds ratio = 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-9.78); specifically with HPV 33 and HPV 51. Forty percent of sexually active adolescents with normal cervical cytology were infected with high-risk HPV types. Family history of skin HPV was positively associated with genital HPV in the sexually active group (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-3.46). CONCLUSION Timeline and target population for HPV vaccination might need to be reappraised, in view of significant nonsexual transmission of genital HPV so early in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- Department of Cytopathology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Charikleia Stefanaki
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Theodoridou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Colorectal Cancer in Hispanics: A Case-Control Study. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:7896716. [PMID: 26904111 PMCID: PMC4745930 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7896716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in colorectal carcinogenesis remains elusive. Based on the high incidence of HPV-associated malignancies among Puerto Rican Hispanics, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV infection and viral integration in colorectal tissues in order to evaluate its putative role in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this case-control study, the prevalence of HPV infection in CRC (cases n = 45) and normal colon mucosa from cancer-free subjects (controls n = 36) was assessed by a nested PCR strategy. HPV-16 genotyping was performed in HPV-positive tissues and the physical status of the HPV-16 genome was determined by E2 detection. HPV was detected in 19 of 45 (42.2%) CRC cases (mean age 61.1 ± 10.7 years, 24 males) and in 1 of 36 (2.8%) controls (mean age 60.9 ± 9.6 years, 24 males) with an OR = 25.58 (95% CI 3.21 to 203.49). HPV-16 was detected in 63.2% of the HPV-positive colorectal tumors; genome integration was observed in all HPV-16 positive cases. This is the first report showing the high prevalence of HPV infections in Caribbean Hispanic colorectal tumors. Despite evidence of HPV integration into the host genome, further mechanistic analysis examining HPV oncoprotein expression and the putative role of these oncoproteins in colorectal carcinogenesis is warranted.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li YX, Zhang L, Simayi D, Zhang N, Tao L, Yang L, Zhao J, Chen YZ, Li F, Zhang WJ. Human papillomavirus infection correlates with inflammatory Stat3 signaling activity and IL-17 level in patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118391. [PMID: 25706309 PMCID: PMC4338045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major burden of public health and healthcare worldwide. Microbiota has been suggested in promoting chronic inflammation in the intestine which, in turn, promotes tumor development. This study focuses on possible correlations of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with proinflammatory Stat3 signaling activities and the resulting levels of its downstream proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 in CRC patients. Methods HPV was examined using HPV Genotyping Chip technology and constitutively active Stat3 (p-Stat3) and IL-17 levels were tested using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in paraffin-embedded cancerous and adjacent normal tissues (ANT) from a cohort of 95 CRC patients. Correlation analyses were performed between HPV infection and clinicopathological characteristics, Stat3 activities and IL-17 levels among these CRC patients. Results Three major findings were observed: (1) HPV infection existed in a high rate of CRC cases (48.4%, 46/95), of which 45 cases (45/46, 97.8%) were high-risk HPV16-positive and only one case was HPV53-positive. (2) HPV infection correlated with poorer clinical stages (III+IV) of CRC. (3) HPV infection strongly correlated with both constitutively higher Stat3 activities (P<0.01) and higher IL-17 levels (P<0.01) only in CRC tissues but not in ANT tissues. Conclusions HPV infection is common in CRC patients suggesting potentially preventive effectiveness of HPV vaccination among high-risk young individuals. We have for the first time revealed a tri-lateral relationship among HPV infection, constitutive Stat3 activity and IL-17 level, whose collaborative act may orchestrate a proinflammatory microenvironment in the colorectum that, in turn, may promote carcinogenesis and possibly facilitate progression of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin Li
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Changzhou Children’s Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dilixia Simayi
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meyer T, Püschel K, Seifert D. Diagnostik sexuell übertragbarer Infektionen. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-014-0992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Berenson AB, Patel PR, Barrett AD. Is administration of the HPV vaccine during pregnancy feasible in the future? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:213-9. [PMID: 24308583 PMCID: PMC4103688 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.867236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite the strong evidence supporting the efficacy of the HPV vaccine, the uptake rate remains low. One reason for this is that young females do not interact frequently with the healthcare system. In fact, pregnancy is often the first time young women experience multiple scheduled visits to a health provider. We review the data regarding safety of administering the HPV vaccine during pregnancy and consider the possibility of incorporating vaccination into prenatal care. Although the optimal time for vaccination is prior to sexual debut, this does not always occur, and as such, a broader approach to HPV vaccination may be necessary. Increasing the vaccine uptake rate among young women who did not initiate or complete the series earlier may significantly contribute to the decline in HPV-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey B. Berenson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women’s Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Pooja R. Patel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Women’s Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Alan D. Barrett
- Department of Pathology and the Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shew ML, Weaver B, Tu W, Tong Y, Fortenberry JD, Brown DR. High frequency of human papillomavirus detection in the vagina before first vaginal intercourse among females enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:1012-5. [PMID: 23242538 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to be primarily sexually transmitted. Few studies have documented the detection of HPV in the vagina before first vaginal intercourse. METHODS We used a longitudinally followed cohort of adolescent females without prior vaginal intercourse to examine the frequency of detection of vaginal HPV and the association between first reported HPV detection and noncoital sexual behaviors. RESULTS HPV was detected in 45.5% of subjects (10 of 22) before first vaginal sex. Seven of these 10 subjects reported noncoital behaviors that, in part, might have explained genital transmission. CONCLUSIONS HPV can be detected in the vagina before first sexual intercourse, highlighting the need for early vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L Shew
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Chen TH, Huang CC, Yeh KT, Chang SH, Chang SW, Sung WW, Cheng YW, Lee H. Human papilloma virus 16 E6 oncoprotein associated with p53 inactivation in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:4051-8. [PMID: 22912557 PMCID: PMC3420003 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i30.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and colorectal cancer.
METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal cancer including 6 stage I, 24 stage II, 21 stage III, and 18 stage IV patients were enrolled in this study to investigate whether HPV 16 could be involved in colorectal tumorigenesis. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) was used to detect HPV16 DNA in colorectal tumor tissues and further confirmed by in situ hybridization (ISH). In addition, immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to examine the E6 oncoprotein in colorectal tumors. To verify whether E6 could inactivate the p53 transcriptional function, the levels of p21 and Mdm2 mRNA expression were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR.
RESULTS: Of the 69 colorectal tumors, HPV16 DNA was detected in 11 (16%) by nested-PCR, and HPV16 DNA was present in 8 of the 11 (73%) tumors which was confirmed by ISH. The presence of HPV16 DNA in colorectal tumors was not associated with patients’ clinical parameters including age, gender, smoking status, tumor site; however, HPV16 infection was more common in stage I patients than in late-stages patients (II, III and IV). We next asked whether HPV16 infection could be linked with colorectal cancer development. Immunohistochemical data indicated that 8 of the 11 HPV16 DNA-positive tumors had E6 oncoprotein expression. Moreover, we also observed that the adjacent normal tissues including endothelial cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and gland cells in E6-positive tumors had E6 oncoprotein expression. In addition, 3 of the 4 (75%) E6-positive tumors carrying p53 wild-type had negative immunostaining, but one tumor had less p53 immunostaining. We further examined whether E6-positive and/or p53 mutated tumors reduce p53 transcriptional activity. Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that p21 and mdm2 mRNA expression levels in E6/p53-wildtype tumors were significantly lower than in their adjacent normal tissues; as expected, E6-positive/p53-mutated tumors had lower p21 and mdm2 mRNA expression levels compared with their adjacent normal tissues. These results clearly indicate that the E6 oncoprotein expressed in p53 wildtype tumors may reduce p21 and mdm2 expression via p53 inactivation.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HPV16 infection may be involved in a subset of colorectal cancer, and we suggest that the transmission of HPV to the colon and rectum might occur through peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hamsikova E, Ludvikova V, Stasikova J, Tachezy R. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of HPV antibodies in the general population of the Czech Republic. Sex Transm Infect 2012; 89:133-7. [PMID: 22683892 PMCID: PMC3595147 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The assessment of the prevalence of antibodies to human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the healthy population is essential for effective planning of HPV vaccine implementation into the preventive programmes for HPV-associated diseases and for the prospective monitoring of the impact of HPV vaccines in the Czech population. Methods The seropositivity for HPV-6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 virus-like particles was determined in sera from 3150 healthy individuals (age range 6–76 years) by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results The seroprevalences for HPV-6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 were 23.8%, 15.2%, 14.5%, 9.9%, 16.4% and 9.6% in women and 18.4%, 13.7%, 6.5%, 5.4%, 6.1% and 4.3% in men. For both genders, except for HPV11, these rates were age dependent. The prevalence of antibodies to HPV-16 and/or 18 reached the maximum of 27.0% in women 30–39 years of age and of 14.4% in men 50–59 years of age. The highest proportion of individuals' seropositive for any of the vaccine types HPV-6/11/16/18 was in 30- to 39-year-old women (50.0%) and in ≥60-year-old men (37.6%). Antibodies specific for vaccine HPV types were detected in 18.0% of children 6- to 14-year-old but in 26.4%, those older than 14 years. Conclusions The data reveal age-specific differences in the HPV seropositivity rates between healthy women and men and support the implementation of HPV vaccination in the Czech Republic before the age of 13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hamsikova
- Department of Experimental Virology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Praha 2, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Martinelli M, Zappa A, Bianchi S, Frati E, Colzani D, Amendola A, Tanzi E. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotype frequency in the oral mucosa of newborns in Milan, Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E197-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
24
|
Human papillomavirus genotypes present in the oral mucosa of newborns and their concordance with maternal cervical human papillomavirus genotypes. J Pediatr 2012; 160:837-43. [PMID: 22137368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the concordance of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes between the mother and her newborn and to identify risk factors for the vertical transmission of HPV. STUDY DESIGN HPV genotypes present in 329 pregnant women, their newborns, cord blood, and placenta samples were determined by molecular techniques, including using pure DNA for nested polymerase chain reaction. HPV antibodies were tested using multiplex HPV serology. Kappa statistics and the Wilcoxon test were used to assess concordance, and regression analysis was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 17.9% of oral samples from newborns and in 16.4% of the cervical samples of the mothers. At delivery, mother-newborn pairs had similar HPV-genotype profiles, but this concordance disappeared in 2 months. Oral HPV carriage in newborns was most significantly associated with the detection of HPV in the placenta (OR=14.0; 95% CI, 3.7-52.2; P=.0001). The association between status of the cord blood and oral HPV was also significant at delivery (OR=4.7; 95% CI, 1.4-15.9; P=.015) but disappeared within 1 month. HPV antibodies in infants were of maternal origin (OR=68; 95% CI, 20.1-230.9; P=.0001). CONCLUSIONS HPV is prevalent in oral samples from newborns. The genotype profile of newborns was more restricted than that of the maternal cervical samples. The close maternal-newborn concordance could indicate that an infected mother transmits HPV to her newborn via the placenta or cord blood.
Collapse
|
25
|
LaCour DE, Trimble C. Human papillomavirus in infants: transmission, prevalence, and persistence. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012; 25:93-97. [PMID: 21600804 PMCID: PMC3632362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is very common in reproductive age women. It has been demonstrated that this infection can be transmitted from mother to infant. Evidence of HPV infection can be seen in infant and toddlers. A review of the literate was undertaken to examine the manner in which HPV can be transmitted, the rate at which transmission occurs, and if HPV can persist. The manifestations of HPV were also reviewed. It is not clear what effect the quadravalent HPV vaccine, given to mothers will have on HPV infections in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delese E LaCour
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Connie Trimble
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mishra A, Graham JE. Risk, choice and the ‘girl vaccine’: Unpacking human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation. HEALTH RISK & SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2011.641524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
27
|
In situ hybridization signal patterns in recurrent laryngeal squamous papillomas indicate that HPV integration occurs at an early stage. Head Neck Pathol 2011; 6:32-7. [PMID: 22052184 PMCID: PMC3311939 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal papillomas are benign tumors that frequently recur and can compromise airways. We investigated HPV genotype, physical status, and protein expression in juveniles versus adults. Thirty-five laryngeal papilloma specimens were obtained from ten juveniles (1-16 years) and eleven adults (24-67 years). In cases of recurrent papillomatosis (7 juveniles, 7 adults), the first and last papillomas were assayed. HPV type was determined by GP5+/6+ PCR and dot blot hybridization. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed on 34 specimens; the data were recorded in terms of diffuse (episomal HPV) and punctate (integrated HPV) signal patterns. Immunohistochemistry for the HPV L1 capsid protein, a marker of HPV productive status, was performed on 32 samples. All samples tested HPV positive: HPV 11 in 2/10 (20.0%) juveniles and 5/11 (45.5%) adults; HPV 6 in 7/10 (70%) juveniles and 5/11 (45.5%) adults; and HPV 6/11 double infection was noted in one juvenile and one adult. ISH signals (punctate ± diffuse) were detected among 7/10 (70.0%) juveniles and 7/11 (63.6%) adults. L1 staining was detected in 1/9 (11.1%) juveniles and 6/10 (60.0%) adults (P = 0.06). These data support the idea that integration of low-risk HPV types into the cell genome is an early and common event in the etiology of juvenile and adult recurrent laryngeal papillomas. Productive HPV infections may be more common in adults; accordingly, constant laryngeal re-infection by HPV shed from a productive lesion may contribute to adult recurrent lesions, whereas the mechanism of papilloma recurrence in juveniles may be more attributable to HPV integration.
Collapse
|
28
|
Durzyńska J, Pacholska-Bogalska J, Kaczmarek M, Hanć T, Durda M, Skrzypczak M, Goździcka-Józefiak A. HPV genotypes in the oral cavity/oropharynx of children and adolescents: cross-sectional survey in Poland. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170:757-61. [PMID: 21107606 PMCID: PMC3098990 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a very complex group of pathogenic viruses, with more than 80 types, causing human infection. Given the prevalence of HPV infection and its relationship with the development of cervical and many other cancers, HPV vaccine development has been a major public health initiative worldwide in the last decade. The aim of the presented study was to identify HPV DNA by MY-PCR in 4,150 school children and adolescents, aged 10-18 years in the Wielkopolska region, Poland. All individuals were asked to fill in extensive questionnaires; further normal, oral squamous cells were collected from each pupil. Cellular DNA was isolated and used as a MY-PCR template to estimate the incidence of HPV-active infection. Forty five subjects (1.08% of the sample) were carriers of oropharyngeal HPVs. HPV status and variables of interest, such as age, gender, socioeconomical status, and risk factors (smoking and sexual intercourse history, alcohol consumption) were not correlated. The presence of HPVs in the oral cavity was cumulated in several schools of the region. DNA sequencing of MY-PCR products revealed only four HPV genotypes. The most frequent genotype was HPV11 (38/45 HPV-positive cases), while other more rare genotypes were HPV6 (3/45), HPV12 (3/45), and HPV57 (1/45). CONCLUSION Our findings presented herein, reveal a relatively low prevalance of oropharyngeal HPVs in Polish adolescents and fill an important gap in the knowledge of oral HPV infections of children above 10 years and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Durzyńska
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in lungs of adults and has been proposed to play a role in lung carcinogenesis. However, no data are currently available on the incidence of HPV in the lower respiratory tract of children. PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were obtained from asymptomatic immunocompetent children. METHODS A total of 71 children between 2 and 12 years of age were prospectively enrolled. Detection of HPV DNA and HPV typing were performed using polymerase chain reaction-based techniques. RESULTS Of the 71 BAL samples, HPV DNA was detected in 6 children. Coinfection with HPV 16, 18, and 31 was detected in 2 children, while 4 children were positive for non-"high-risk" HPVs. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary case-control study indicates the presence of HPV DNA in BAL samples in children. The possible presence of HPV in the lower respiratory tract of children requires further investigation to elucidate the actual epidemiologic condition, the potential modes of its transmission, and its possible causative relationship in lung carcinogenesis in adulthood.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mammas IN, Zaravinos A, Sourvinos G, Myriokefalitakis N, Theodoridou M, Spandidos DA. Can 'high-risk' human papillomaviruses (HPVs) be detected in human breast milk? Acta Paediatr 2011; 100:705-7. [PMID: 21214884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.02129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission via nonsexual modes in childhood has been proposed by several researchers. The aim of our study was to determine the presence of 'high-risk' HPV DNA in human breast milk. METHODS Using polymerase chain reaction techniques, we evaluated the presence of HPV infection in human breast milk collected from 21 HPV-positive and 11 HPV-negative mothers. RESULTS Of the 32 studied human milk specimens, no 'high-risk' HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 or 58 DNA was detected. CONCLUSION This preliminary case-control study indicates the absence of mucosal 'high-risk' HPV types in human breast milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N Mammas
- Department of Paediatrics, 'Penteli' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Current evidence is strong enough to conclude that human papillomavirus (HPV) can be transmitted both sexually and non-sexually. The debate on HPV infections in children still continues but it is more focused on HPV prevalence than on transmission modes. HPV DNA detection in amniotic fluid, foetal membranes, cord blood and placental trophoblastic cells all suggest HPV infection in utero, i.e. prenatal transmission. Based on recent meta-analysis, vertical transmission occurs in approximately 20% of cases. Most of the mucosal HPV infections in infants are incident, persistent infections in oral and genital mucosa being found in less than 10% and 2% respectively. The mother seems to be the main transmitter of HPV to her newborn, but subsequent HPV infections are acquired horizontally via saliva or other contacts. Bimodal peak prevalence is seen for skin warts, oral papillomas and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in younger and older age groups, suggesting similar epidemiology. Of the clinical HPV diseases, juvenile-onset-RRP and genital condylomata are problematic; the former because of its life-threatening potential and the latter because of possible sexual abuse. HPV6 and 11 are the most common genotypes in both the lesions. Early in life, infections by the high-risk HPV genotypes may also remain persistent for a considerable period, and should be of considerable importance for HPV vaccination strategies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Saini R, Khim TP, Rahman SA, Ismail M, Tang TH. High-risk human papillomavirus in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer, and their children. Virol J 2010; 7:131. [PMID: 20550718 PMCID: PMC2901268 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) with oral cancer has been established recently. Detecting these viruses in oral cavity is important to prevent oral lesions related to them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HR-HPV in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer, and their children. A total of 70 women, previously diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 46 children of these women, born by vaginal delivery only, were selected for this study. Buccal swabs were collected from their oral cavity and HPV detection was carried out using Hybrid Capture 2 high-risk HPV (HC2 HR-HPV) detection system. RESULTS Out of 70 women with cervical cancer, four (5.71%) were found to be positive for HR-HPV in their oral cavity. No association of HR-HPV was found with sociodemographic profile, marital status, reproductive history, tobacco and alcohol usage, contraceptive pills usage, and presence of oral lesions (p>0.05). Among children, HR-HPV in the oral cavity was detected in only 1 of the 46 subjects examined (2.17%). Clinically healthy oral mucosa, without any oral lesions, was observed in all the HR-HPV positive subjects. CONCLUSION The result of this study showed that there is low, if any, risk of HR-HPV infection in the oral cavity of women with cervical cancer. Further, our study suggests that there is very low risk for children of women with cervical cancer, to acquire and sustain HR-HPV in their oral cavity until childhood or adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Saini
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Changes in genital anatomy and microbiology in girls between age 6 and age 12 years: a longitudinal study. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2010; 23:77-85. [PMID: 19643638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To study changes in genital anatomy and occurrence of human papillomavirus and Gardnerella vaginalis in girls resulting from growth and development. DESIGN At age 11-12 years, an invitation was sent to 180 girls to attend a follow-up examination. All girls had previously participated in a study exploring anogenital anatomy and microbiology in children selected for non-abuse at age 5 and 6. The genital area was examined with a colposcope and microbiological samples for Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) were collected. GV was identified by conventional criteria and HPV by a PCR method. RESULTS Thirty-one girls were examined twice, at mean age 5.7 and 12.0 years. At first examination all were pre-pubertal. At second examination 21 girls were B2/P2 or above. Significantly more girls had developed a structure called a fossa groove. A thick and redundant hymen with a tendency of folding outward was more common at the second examination. Two girls had GV and one girl had HPV-16 identified. Another girl was classified to have a deep notch and a probable transection in her hymen, and this girl reported a painful insertion of a tampon. All girls denied sexual activity. CONCLUSION The main genital finding in girls entering puberty is the hymen becoming thick and redundant with a tendency of folding out. In the study findings associated with sexual activity were discovered in two girls, and the possibility of alternative explanations is discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Piecyk-Sidor M, Polz-Dacewicz M, Zagórski Z, Zarnowski T. Occurrence of human papillomavirus in pterygia. Acta Ophthalmol 2009; 87:890-5. [PMID: 19302081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in pterygium. METHODS The study involved 89 patients undergoing surgical procedures at the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. Group 1 included 58 patients with clinically diagnosed pterygium. Group 2 consisted of 31 individuals with normal conjunctiva. The material was collected during elective surgical procedures. The presence of HPV genome was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Once the presence of HPV DNA was confirmed, 28 HPV genotypes were determined using reverse hybridization. RESULTS The determinations confirmed the presence of HPV DNA in pterygium. In the material collected from 58 cases of pterygium (group 1), HPV DNA was identified in 16 patients (27.6%). In the material from 31 diagnostic specimens of normal conjunctiva (group 2), the presence of HPV was demonstrated in three cases (9.7%). A statistically significant difference was found in the presence of HPV DNA between the patients from groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.041). HPV type 16 was most common and was demonstrated in 56% of HPV-positive cases of pterygium. HPV 16 and HPV 6 co-infections were found in 19% of cases, while HPV 18 and HPV 6 co-infections were observed in 13%. In group 2, all three patients with HPV showed HPV 18. CONCLUSION It seems that HPV is not necessary to induce pterygium; however, it might play a synergistic role in the multi-stage process of its development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piecyk-Sidor
- Tadeusz Krwawicz Chair of Ophthalmology and First Eye Hospital, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Castellsagué X, Drudis T, Cañadas MP, Goncé A, Ros R, Pérez JM, Quintana MJ, Muñoz J, Albero G, de Sanjosé S, Bosch FX. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in pregnant women and mother-to-child transmission of genital HPV genotypes: a prospective study in Spain. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:74. [PMID: 19473489 PMCID: PMC2696457 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on HPV infection in pregnant women and HPV transmission to the child have yielded inconsistent results. METHODS To estimate mother-to-child HPV transmission we carried out a prospective cohort study that included 66 HPV-positive and 77 HPV-negative pregnant women and their offspring attending a maternity hospital in Barcelona. To estimate HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in pregnancy we also carried out a related screening survey of cervical HPV-DNA detection among 828 pregnant women. Cervical cells from the mother were collected at pregnancy (mean of 31 weeks) and at the 6-week post-partum visit. Exfoliated cells from the mouth and external genitalia of the infants were collected around birth, at the 6-week post-partum visit, and around 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. All samples were tested for HPV using PCR. Associations between potential determinants of HPV infection in pregnant women and of HPV positivity in infants were also explored by logistic regression modelling. RESULTS Overall cervical HPV-DNA detection in pregnant women recruited in the HPV screening survey was 6.5% (54/828). Sexual behavior-related variables, previous histories of genital warts or sexually transmitted infections, and presence of cytological abnormalities were statistically significantly and positively associated with HPV DNA detection in pregnant women recruited in the cohort. At 418 infant visits and a mean follow-up time of 14 months, 19.7% of infants born to HPV-positive mothers and 16.9% of those born to HPV-negative mothers tested HPV positive at some point during infants' follow-up. The most frequently detected genotype both in infants and mothers was HPV-16, after excluding untyped HPV infections. We found a strong and statistically significant association between mother's and child's HPV status at the 6-week post-partum visit. Thus, children of mothers' who were HPV-positive at the post-partum visit were about 5 times more likely to test HPV-positive than children of corresponding HPV-negative mothers (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION This study confirms that the risk of vertical transmission of HPV genotypes is relatively low. HPV persistence in infants is a rare event. These data also indicate that vertical transmission may not be the sole source of HPV infections in infants and provides partial evidence for horizontal mother-to-child HPV transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Castellsagué
- Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Program (CERP), IDIBELL - Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Human papilloma virus infection prior to coitarche. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:487.e1-5. [PMID: 19268884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and the natural course of anogenital human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in girls prior to coitarche attending an outpatient gynecological unit. STUDY DESIGN Specimens were taken from the anogenital region of 114 unselected 4-15 year old girls who were referred consecutively for various gynecological problems. RESULTS Four girls were excluded because of sexual abuse. Low-risk HPV-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 4 girls (3.6%) and high-risk HPV DNA in 15 children (13.6%). Two girls testing positive for HPV DNA had clinical apparent warts. After 1 year, 2 children had persistent high-risk HPV DNA, and in 1 case we found a switch from high-risk to low-risk HPV DNA. CONCLUSION Subclinical genital low- and high-risk HPV infections are common in girls without any history of sexual abuse or sexual activity. We found persistence of genital HPV infection in children, which could be a reservoir for HPV-associated diseases later in life.
Collapse
|
37
|
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2009; 168:267-73. [PMID: 19050916 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-008-0882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are common pathogens associated with a wide range of cutaneous and mucosal infections in childhood. Different HPV types can cause common warts, genital warts, low-grade as well as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Anogenital warts represent an issue with legal and clinical implications and evaluation of children for the possibility of sexual abuse should be considered in all cases. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis has also been associated with HPV infection in a variety of studies. The recently introduced HPV vaccination is expected to prevent HPV-related cervical cancer in adulthood; however, HPV infection will continue to affect children.
Collapse
|
38
|
Michael KM, Waterboer T, Sehr P, Rother A, Reidel U, Boeing H, Bravo IG, Schlehofer J, Gärtner BC, Pawlita M. Seroprevalence of 34 human papillomavirus types in the German general population. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000091. [PMID: 18566657 PMCID: PMC2408730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural history of infections with many human papillomavirus (HPV) types is poorly understood. Here, we describe for the first time the age- and sex-dependent antibody prevalence for 29 cutaneous and five mucosal HPV types from 15 species within five phylogenetic genera (alpha, beta, gamma, mu, nu) in a general population. Sera from 1,797 German adults and children (758 males and 1,039 females) between 1 and 82 years (median 37 years) were analysed for antibodies to the major capsid protein L1 by Luminex-based multiplex serology. The first substantial HPV antibody reactions observed already in children and young adults are those to cutaneous types of the genera nu (HPV 41) and mu (HPV 1, 63). The antibody prevalence to mucosal high-risk types, most prominently HPV 16, was elevated after puberty in women but not in men and peaked between 25 and 34 years. Antibodies to beta and gamma papillomaviruses (PV) were rare in children and increased homogeneously with age, with prevalence peaks at 40 and 60 years in women and 50 and 70 years in men. Antibodies to cutaneous alpha PV showed a heterogeneous age distribution. In summary, these data suggest three major seroprevalence patterns for HPV of phylogenetically distinct genera: antibodies to mu and nu skin PV appear early in life, those to mucosal alpha PV in women after puberty, and antibodies to beta as well as to gamma skin PV accumulate later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Michael
- Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Novel papillomavirus isolates from Erinaceus europaeus (Erinaceidae, Insectivora) and the Cervidae (Artiodactyla), Cervus timorensis and Pudu puda, and phylogenetic analysis of partial sequence data. Virus Genes 2008; 36:281-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
40
|
Nafz J, Köhler A, Ohnesorge M, Nindl I, Stockfleth E, Rösl F. Persistence of Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus in multiple organs identifies novel targets for infection. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:2670-2678. [PMID: 17872518 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of multiple wart formation and skin cancer in organ-transplant recipients, as well as the question of an involvement of papillomaviruses in a variety of human cancers, require a model system for papillomavirus infections in immunocompetent animals. Such an in vivo model is represented by the multimammate rat Mastomys coucha, which is infected with Mastomys natalensis papillomavirus (MnPV). MnPV primarily induces benign skin tumours, such as papillomas and keratoacanthomas. Here, the incidence of MnPV infections in different skin areas and various organs is described. In situ hybridization showed that hair follicle cells were positive for viral DNA and that the amount of MnPV in normal skin may be considered a predictor for the development of skin tumours. MnPV infection is not restricted to the skin, but can also be detected in inner organs. As the blood and the lymphatic system were temporarily also found to be virus-positive, a haematogenic propagation of MnPV can be assumed. However, MnPV is apparently not transmitted through the germ line, as fetuses and newborns lack viral DNA, despite infection of their mothers. In conclusion, M. coucha is not only useful to study papillomavirus-induced skin carcinogenesis, but may also serve as a model to identify additional, still unknown target cells of papillomavirus infections and the potential pathological impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nafz
- Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Abteilung Virale Transformationsmechanismen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Köhler
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Myriam Ohnesorge
- Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Abteilung Virale Transformationsmechanismen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Nindl
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Rösl
- Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Abteilung Virale Transformationsmechanismen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Adams JA, Kaplan RA, Starling SP, Mehta NH, Finkel MA, Botash AS, Kellogg ND, Shapiro RA. Guidelines for medical care of children who may have been sexually abused. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2007; 20:163-72. [PMID: 17561184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 09/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who may have been sexually abused are examined in many different settings by medical providers with variable levels of education and experience in this special area of practice. Therefore, there is a need for a consistent evidence-based approach that is agreed upon by medical experts. OBJECTIVES To develop and provide guidelines and recommendations for performing and interpreting findings of the medical evaluation of children referred for sexual abuse medical evaluations, and to provide guidelines for the education, oversight, and peer review process for clinicians who provide assessments for suspected child sexual abuse. METHODS Participation from medical providers was solicited through postings on the Internet list-serves administered by Cornell University (Special Interest Group in Child Abuse), and by the Ray E. Helfer Society, an honorary society for physician specialists in child abuse diagnosis and treatment. The guidelines were developed through review and critique of published research studies, discussions in focus group meetings at child abuse medical conferences, and ongoing communication leading to revision of draft documents. RESULTS Groups of 10 to 40 physician experts met at child abuse conferences between January 2002 and January 2005 to revise the table summarizing the interpretation of physical and laboratory findings in suspected child sexual abuse and to develop guidelines for medical care for sexually abused children. Between January and December 2005, the guidelines were expanded and revised. CONCLUSIONS The guidelines presented here reflect the current knowledge, recommended clinical approaches, and required competencies in the field of child sexual abuse medical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce A Adams
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California 92103, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- F Aubin
- Service de Dermatologie, EA 3181, IFR 133, Université de Franche Comté et CHU de Besançon.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mastrolorenzo A, Supuran CT, Zuccati G. The sexually transmitted papillomavirus infections: clinical manifestations, current and future therapies. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
45
|
Marais DJ, Sampson CC, Urban MI, Sitas F, Wiliamson AL. The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) types HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-11 capsid-antigens in mothers and their children. J Med Virol 2007; 79:1370-4. [PMID: 17607783 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types causing anogenital lesions and cancer are accepted as being sexually transmitted. The methods whereby children acquire these anogenital type HPV infections are unclear. The present study determined the prevalence of anti-HPV-16, HPV-11 and HPV-18 IgG antibodies in mothers and their children in an attempt to identify evidence of HPV transmission from mother to child. HPV virus-like particles (VLP) VLP-16, VLP-11 and VLP-18 were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify IgG antibodies in serum from 100 mothers and their 111 children. Antibodies to VLP-16, VLP-11 and VLP-18 were found in serum from 17%, 21% and 16% of mothers, respectively and seroprevalences were 9%, 11.7% and 9.9%, respectively amongst the children. Of the 111 children, 23 (20.7%) showed antibodies to one or more of the three HPV types tested. Seven of these (30.4%) HPV IgG positive children had the same antibodies to one or more HPV types as their mothers. The prevalence of HPV-11 was similar in children of seropositive compared with seronegative mothers (14% and 11%, respectively). The prevalence of HPV-16 and HPV-18 was higher in children of seropositive mothers compared with seronegative mothers (for HPV-16, 18% and 7%, respectively, P = 0.1, for HPV-18, 19% and 8%, respectively, P = 0.2). None of these differences were statistically significant indicating a lack of correlation between antibodies in mothers and children and no evidence to support vertical or horizontal mother to child transmission of HPV infection. Indications were of multiple sources of HPV infection in the children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne J Marais
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mammas IN, Sourvinos G, Michael C, Spandidos DA. Human papilloma virus in hyperplastic tonsillar and adenoid tissues in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:1158-62. [PMID: 17133162 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000245094.15643.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) in childhood causes skin and anogenital warts as well as the recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, a life-threatening cause of upper airway obstruction in children. To date, the information on HPV infection in tonsillar and adenoid hyperplasia in children is limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of HPV DNA in children with benign tonsillar and/or adenoid hyperplasia. METHODS One hundred six samples of paraffin-embedded adenoid and/or tonsillar tissues from 102 children, 57 girls and 45 boys (age range, 2-14 years), were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with general primers GP5+/GP6+. HPV typing was performed by PCR with specific primers for HPV-16, -18, -33 and -11. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 9 (8.5%) of the 106 collected specimens. The frequencies of HPV typing were 6 of 9 (66.7%) for HPV-16, 2 of 9 (22.2%) for HPV-11, zero of 9 (0%) for HPV-33 and HPV-18, whereas one HPV-positive sample remained untyped. No multiple HPV infection was detected. HPV was detected in 6 (9.4%) children with tonsillar hyperplasia and in 3 (7.1%) with adenoid hyperplasia. The mean age of children with HPV-positive specimens was lower than that of HPV-negative children (P = 0.006). No statistical correlation in the prevalence of HPV infection was observed according to children's sex, origin or residence (urban or rural). CONCLUSION Although the significance of the presence of HPV DNA in tonsillar and adenoid hyperplasias remains obscure, the PCR detection of high-risk HPV DNA should be evaluated cautiously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N Mammas
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shapiro RA, Makoroff KL. Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused girls and adolescents. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 18:492-7. [PMID: 16932042 DOI: 10.1097/01.gco.0000242950.09997.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The clinical evaluation for suspected child sexual abuse often includes sexually transmitted disease testing. In spite of the high prevalence of sexual abuse, however, most abused children will not have a sexually transmitted disease identified. The low prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in this population requires special care by the clinician to exclude false-positive test results and to provide appropriate guidance to child protection workers. RECENT FINDINGS The likelihood of sexual transmission varies for specific infectious agents and the transmission of infectious agents such as human papillomavirus is complex. Concern about the low positive predictive value of many tests for sexually transmitted diseases in this population is again being demonstrated and clinicians are asked to be cautious in interpreting test results. SUMMARY Clinicians are mandated reporters of suspected child abuse. Treatment of sexually transmitted diseases may need to be delayed pending confirmatory testing of the initial results. HIV postexposure prophylaxis should be considered within hours of the exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Allan Shapiro
- Mayerson Center for Safe and Healthy Children, Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Current World Literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/01.gco.0000242963.55738.b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
Sisk J, Schweinfurth JM, Wang XT, Chong K. Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Tonsillectomy Specimens. Laryngoscope 2006; 116:1372-4. [PMID: 16885738 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000225973.21736.bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this prospective case-control study were to study the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in tonsillectomy specimens from pediatric patients without recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), and to study methods of HPV detection. METHODS Fifty pediatric patients without known RRP undergoing tonsillectomy for hypertrophy or recurrent tonsillitis were enrolled in the study. After tonsillectomy, a 20-mg section was subjected to DNA extraction, and DNA content and purity were confirmed with spectrophotometry. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using consensus primer pools PGMY 09/11 targeted at the L1 region. Amplification products were detected and analyzed with standard agarose gel electrophoresis. Positive samples were then subjected to reverse line blot assay to determine virus genotype. Laryngeal papilloma specimens of 15 patients obtained during routine debulking procedures were also analyzed and served as positive controls. RESULTS Of 50 tonsil samples tested, two were positive for HPV DNA after PCR and gel electrophoresis. One of these samples was confirmed with typing and tested positive for HPV 11. All 15 papilloma specimens were positive for DNA of HPV types 6 and/or 11. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, the prevalence of HPV DNA in tonsillar tissue of patients without RRP is 2%, whereas the incidence of this disease is 2 to 4 cases per 100,000 (0.004%). These findings are significantly different (P = .005 within a 95% confidence interval) suggesting that host factors in addition to infection play a role in pathogenesis of RRP. The molecular methods described in this study are well suited for detection of HPV in tonsillar tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Sisk
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a diverse family of viruses, of which 30-40 genotypes specifically infect the genital tract. Genital HPVs are largely transmitted sexually, with most infections being asymptomatic and transient. In contrast, persistent infection with oncogenic genotypes in a minority is a strong risk factor, for subsequent development of high grade dysplasia, the precursor lesion to cervical neoplasia, which generally occurs after a long latency period. It is unknown whether there is a disease correlate in children chronically infected with oncogenic HPVs. Low risk HPV genotypes 6 and 11 are the primary cause of condylomata acuminata, although in children non-genital genotypes are also found in a proportion, with the mode of transmission being either perinatal, horizontal, or sexual. The finding of asymptomatic HPV DNA in children, and correlation with live virus, infectivity, or disease is unclear. Long term follow up for children with anogenital warts is recommended, although there are no longitudinal studies available to clarify whether they are at risk of developing carcinoma in young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Jayasinghe
- Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Gynaecology, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Women's Hospital, 132 Grattan Street, Carlton, Victoria, Australia 3052
| | | |
Collapse
|