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Faisal S, Badshah SL, Sharaf M, Abdalla M. Insight into the Hantaan virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibition using in-silico approaches. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2505-2522. [PMID: 36376718 PMCID: PMC9663193 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Hantaan virus (HTN) is a member of the hantaviridae family. It is a segmented type, negative-strand virus (sNSVs). It causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, which includes fever, vascular hemorrhage, and renal failure. This illness is one of the most serious hemorrhagic diseases in the world, and it is a major public health concern due to its high mortality rate. The Hantaan virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RdRp) is involved in viral RNA transcription and replication for the survival and transmission of this virus. Therefore, it is a primary target for antiviral drug development. Interference with the endonucleolytic "cap-snatching" reaction by the HTN virus RdRp endonuclease domain is a particularly appealing approach for drug discovery against this virus. This RdRp endonuclease domain of the HTN virus has a metal-dependent catalytic activity. We targeted this metal-dependent enzymatic activity to identify inhibitors that can bind and disrupt this endonuclease enzyme activity using in-silico approaches i.e., molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, predicted absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) and drug-likeness studies. The docking studies showed that peramivir, and ingavirin compounds can effectively bind with the manganese ions and engage with other active site residues of this protein. Molecular simulations also showed stable binding of these ligands with the active site of HTN RdRp. Simulation analysis showed that they were in constant contact with the active site manganese ions and amino acid residues of the HTN virus endonuclease domain. This study will help in better understanding the HTN and related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Faisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China.
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Vial PA, Ferrés M, Vial C, Klingström J, Ahlm C, López R, Le Corre N, Mertz GJ. Hantavirus in humans: a review of clinical aspects and management. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e371-e382. [PMID: 37105214 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Hantavirus infections are part of the broad group of viral haemorrhagic fevers. They are also recognised as a distinct model of an emergent zoonotic infection with a global distribution. Many factors influence their epidemiology and transmission, such as climate, environment, social development, ecology of rodent hosts, and human behaviour in endemic regions. Transmission to humans occurs by exposure to infected rodents in endemic areas; however, Andes hantavirus is unique in that it can be transmitted from person to person. As hantaviruses target endothelial cells, they can affect diverse organ systems; increased vascular permeability is central to pathogenesis. The main clinical syndromes associated with hantaviruses are haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which is endemic in Europe and Asia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), which is endemic in the Americas. HCPS and HFRS are separate clinical entities, but they share several features and have many overlapping symptoms, signs, and pathogenic alterations. For HCPS in particular, clinical outcomes are highly associated with early clinical suspicion, access to rapid diagnostic testing or algorithms for presumptive diagnosis, and prompt transfer to a facility with critical care units. No specific effective antiviral treatment is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Vial
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Pediatría Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcela Ferrés
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Molecular Virology Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - René López
- Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Paciente Crítico Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Le Corre
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Infectious Disease and Molecular Virology Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gregory J Mertz
- Department of Internal Medicine, UNM Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Liu R, Ren C, Fu M, Chu Z, Guo J. Platelet Detection Based on Improved YOLO_v3. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2022; 2022:9780569. [PMID: 36285313 PMCID: PMC9500243 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9780569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet detection and counting play a greatly significant role in medical field, especially in routine blood tests which can be used to judge blood status and diagnose related diseases. Therefore, platelet detection is valuable for diagnosing related blood diseases such as liver-related diseases. Blood analyzers and visual microscope counting were widely used for platelet detection, but the experimental procedure took nearly 20 minutes and can only be performed by a professional doctor. In recent years, technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence have made it possible to detect red blood cells through deep learning methods. However, due to the inaccessibility of platelet datasets and the small size of platelets, deep learning-based platelet detection studies are almost nonexistent. In this paper, we carried out experiments for platelet detection based on commonly used object detection models, such as Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD), RetinaNet, Faster_rcnn, and You Only Look Once_v3 (YOLO_v3). Compared with the other three models, YOLO_v3 can detect platelets more effectively. And we proposed three ideas for improvement based on YOLO_v3. Our study demonstrated that YOLO_v3 can be adopted for platelet detection accurately and in real time. We also implemented YOLO_v3 with multiscale fusion, YOLO_v3 with anchor box clustering, and YOLO_v3 with match parameter on our self-created dataset and, respectively, achieved 1.8% higher average precision (AP), 2.38% higher AP, and 2.05% higher AP than YOLO_v3. The comprehensive experiments revealed that YOLO_v3 with the improved ideas performs better in platelet detection than YOLO_v3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renting Liu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Chunhui Ren
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Miaomiao Fu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhengkang Chu
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 611731, China
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Singh S, Numan A, Sharma D, Shukla R, Alexander A, Jain GK, Ahmad FJ, Kesharwani P. Epidemiology, virology and clinical aspects of hantavirus infections: an overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1815-1826. [PMID: 33886400 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1917527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At the end of 2019 and 2020s, a wave of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) epidemics worldwide has catalyzed a new era of 'communicable infectious diseases'. However, the world is not currently prepared to deal with the growing burden of COVID-19, with the unexpected arrival of Hantavirus infection heading to the next several healthcare emergencies in public. Hantavirus is a significant class of zoonotic pathogens of negative-sense single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA). Hemorrhagic renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) are the two major clinical manifestations. Till date, there is no effective treatments or vaccines available, public awareness and precautionary measures can help to reduce the spread of hantavirus disease. In this study, we outline the epidemiology, virology, clinical aspects, and existing HFRS and HCPS management approaches. This review will give an understanding of virus-host interactions and will help for the early preparation and effective handling of further outbreaks in an ever-changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, SIST, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dinesh Sharma
- Pharmax Pharmaceuticals FZ LLC, Dubai Science Park - Al BarshaAl Barsha South, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Sila Village, Nizsundarighopa, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Gaurav Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Meier K, Thorkelsson SR, Quemin ERJ, Rosenthal M. Hantavirus Replication Cycle-An Updated Structural Virology Perspective. Viruses 2021; 13:1561. [PMID: 34452426 PMCID: PMC8402763 DOI: 10.3390/v13081561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses infect a wide range of hosts including insectivores and rodents and can also cause zoonotic infections in humans, which can lead to severe disease with possible fatal outcomes. Hantavirus outbreaks are usually linked to the population dynamics of the host animals and their habitats being in close proximity to humans, which is becoming increasingly important in a globalized world. Currently there is neither an approved vaccine nor a specific and effective antiviral treatment available for use in humans. Hantaviruses belong to the order Bunyavirales with a tri-segmented negative-sense RNA genome. They encode only five viral proteins and replicate and transcribe their genome in the cytoplasm of infected cells. However, many details of the viral amplification cycle are still unknown. In recent years, structural biology methods such as cryo-electron tomography, cryo-electron microscopy, and crystallography have contributed essentially to our understanding of virus entry by membrane fusion as well as genome encapsidation by the nucleoprotein. In this review, we provide an update on the hantavirus replication cycle with a special focus on structural virology aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Meier
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sigurdur R. Thorkelsson
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Emmanuelle R. J. Quemin
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Maria Rosenthal
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
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Heterologous boosting of nonrelated toxoid immunity during acute Puumala hantavirus infection. Vaccine 2021; 39:1818-1825. [PMID: 33678453 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of immune memory in humans is a crucial yet poorly understood aspect of immunology. Here we have studied the effect of Puumala hantavirus infection on unrelated, pre-existing immune memory by studying T cell- and antibody responses against toxoid vaccine antigens of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in a cohort of 45 patients. We found that tetanus- and pertussis -specific IgG concentrations elevate during acute Puumala virus infection. Increase in vaccine IgG was associated with proliferation of heterologous T cells. Interestingly, increases in tetanus-specific IgG persisted a year after the infection while pertussis-specific IgG declined rapidly; a difference in IgG kinetics resembling the difference seen after vaccination against tetanus and pertussis. These results suggest that persistence of immune memory is facilitated by heterologous boosting of old memory during memory formation against newly encountered antigens. They also show that different toxoid antigens may be treated differently. Our study gives new insight into how immune memory formation may alter pre-existing immune memory, and also shows that heterologous immunity may have an impact on vaccination outcomes.
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Chulpanova DS, Solovyeva VV, Isaeva GS, St. Jeor S, Khaiboullina SF, Rizvanov AA. Recombinant histone H1.3 inhibits orthohantavirus infection in vitro. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Safdar A. Rare and Emerging Viral Infections in the Transplant Population. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7119999 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections account for a large proportion of emerging infectious diseases, and the agents included in this group consist of recently identified viruses as well as previously identified viruses with an apparent increase in disease incidence. In transplant recipients, this group can include viruses with no recognized pathogenicity in immunocompetent patients and those that result in atypical or more severe disease presentations in the immunocompromised host. In this chapter, we begin by discussing viral diagnostics and techniques used for viral discovery, specifically as they apply to emerging and rare infections in this patient population. Focus then shifts to specific emerging and re-emerging viruses in the transplant population, including human T-cell leukemia virus 1, rabies, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, human bocavirus, parvovirus 4, measles, mumps, orf, and dengue. We have also included a brief discussion on emerging viruses and virus families with few or no reported cases in transplant recipients: monkeypox, nipah and hendra, chikungunya and other alphaviruses, hantavirus and the Bunyaviridae, and filoviruses. Finally, concerns regarding infectious disease complications in xenotransplantation and the reporting of rare viral infections are addressed. With the marked increase in the number of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants performed worldwide, we expect a corresponding rise in the reports of emerging viral infections in transplant hosts, both from known viruses and those yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Safdar
- Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX USA
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Hantaan virus can infect human keratinocytes and activate an interferon response through the nuclear translocation of IRF-3. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 29:146-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mustonen J, Mäkelä S, Outinen T, Laine O, Jylhävä J, Arstila PT, Hurme M, Vaheri A. The pathogenesis of nephropathia epidemica: new knowledge and unanswered questions. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:589-604. [PMID: 24126075 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Puumala virus (PUUV) causes an acute hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a zoonosis also called nephropathia epidemica (NE). The reservoir host of PUUV is the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Herein we review the main clinical manifestations of NE, acute kidney injury, increased vascular permeability, coagulation abnormalities as well as pulmonary, cardiac, central nervous system and ocular manifestations of the disease. Several biomarkers of disease severity have recently been discovered: interleukin-6, pentraxin-3, C-reactive protein, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, cell-free DNA, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator, GATA-3 and Mac-2 binding protein. The role of cytokines, vascular endothelial growth hormone, complement, bradykinin, cellular immune response and other mechanisms in the pathogenesis of NE as well as host genetic factors will be discussed. Finally therapeutic aspects and directions for further research will be handled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Mustonen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Abstract
Hantaviruses are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect many species of rodents, shrews, moles and bats. Infection in these reservoir hosts is almost asymptomatic, but some rodent-borne hantaviruses also infect humans, causing either haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In this Review, we discuss the basic molecular properties and cell biology of hantaviruses and offer an overview of virus-induced pathology, in particular vascular leakage and immunopathology.
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Vaheri A, Henttonen H, Voutilainen L, Mustonen J, Sironen T, Vapalahti O. Hantavirus infections in Europe and their impact on public health. Rev Med Virol 2012; 23:35-49. [PMID: 22761056 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses (genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae) are enveloped tri-segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses each carried by a specific rodent or insectivore host species. Several different hantaviruses known to infect humans circulate in Europe. The most common is Puumala (PUUV) carried by the bank vole; another two important, genetically closely related ones are Dobrava-Belgrade (DOBV) and Saaremaa viruses (SAAV) carried by Apodemus mice (species names follow the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses nomenclature). Of the two hantaviral diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantaviral cardiopulmonary syndrome, the European viruses cause only HFRS: DOBV with often severe symptoms and a high case fatality rate, and PUUV and SAAV more often mild disease. More than 10,000 HFRS cases are diagnosed annually in Europe and in increasing numbers. Whether this is because of increasing recognition by the medical community or due to environmental factors such as climate change, or both, is not known. Nevertheless, in large areas of Europe, the population has a considerable seroprevalence but only relatively few HFRS cases are reported. Moreover, no epidemiological data are available from many countries. We know now that cardiac, pulmonary, ocular and hormonal disorders are, besides renal changes, common during the acute stage of PUUV and DOBV infection. About 5% of hospitalized PUUV and 16%-48% of DOBV patients require dialysis and some prolonged intensive-care treatment. Although PUUV-HFRS has a low case fatality rate, complications and long-term hormonal, renal, and cardiovascular consequences commonly occur. No vaccine or specific therapy is in general use in Europe. We conclude that hantaviruses have a significant impact on public health in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, and Research Programs Unit, Infection Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Hepojoki J, Strandin T, Lankinen H, Vaheri A. Hantavirus structure--molecular interactions behind the scene. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:1631-1644. [PMID: 22622328 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.042218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses of the genus Hantavirus, carried and transmitted by rodents and insectivores, are the exception in the vector-borne virus family Bunyaviridae, since viruses of the other genera are transmitted via arthropods. The single-stranded, negative-sense, RNA genome of hantaviruses is trisegmented into small, medium and large (S, M and L) segments. The segments, respectively, encode three structural proteins: nucleocapsid (N) protein, two glycoproteins Gn and Gc and an RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase. The genome segments, encapsidated by the N protein to form ribonucleoproteins, are enclosed inside a lipid envelope that is decorated by spikes composed of Gn and Gc. The virion displays round or pleomorphic morphology with a diameter of roughly 120-160 nm depending on the detection method. This review focuses on the structural components of hantaviruses, their interactions, the mechanisms behind virion assembly and the interactions that maintain virion integrity. We attempt to summarize recent results on the virion structure and to suggest mechanisms on how the assembly is driven. We also compare hantaviruses to other bunyaviruses with known structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Infection Biology Research Program, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Infection Biology Research Program, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hilkka Lankinen
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Infection Biology Research Program, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Peptide and Protein Laboratory, Infection Biology Research Program, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Cytokine expression during early and late phase of acute Puumala hantavirus infection. BMC Immunol 2011; 12:65. [PMID: 22085404 PMCID: PMC3259039 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-12-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hantaviruses of the family Bunyaviridae are emerging zoonotic pathogens which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Old World and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the New World. An immune-mediated pathogenesis is discussed for both syndromes. The aim of our study was to investigate cytokine expression during the course of acute Puumala hantavirus infection. RESULTS We retrospectively studied 64 patients hospitalised with acute Puumala hantavirus infection in 2010 during a hantavirus epidemic in Germany. Hantavirus infection was confirmed by positive anti-hantavirus IgG/IgM. Cytokine expression of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β1 was analysed by ELISA during the early and late phase of acute hantavirus infection (average 6 and 12 days after onset of symptoms, respectively). A detailed description of the demographic and clinical presentation of severe hantavirus infection requiring hospitalization during the 2010 hantavirus epidemic in Germany is given. Acute hantavirus infection was characterized by significantly elevated levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1 and TNF-α in both early and late phase compared to healthy controls. From early to late phase of disease, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α significantly decreased whereas TGF-β1 levels increased. Disease severity characterized by elevated creatinine and low platelet counts was correlated with high pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α but low immunosuppressive TGF-β1 levels and vice versa . CONCLUSION High expression of cytokines activating T-lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages in the early phase of disease supports the hypothesis of an immune-mediated pathogenesis. In the late phase of disease, immunosuppressive TGF-β1 level increase significantly. We suggest that delayed induction of a protective immune mechanism to downregulate a massive early pro-inflammatory immune response might contribute to the pathologies characteristic of human hantavirus infection.
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Klingström J, Ahlm C. Hantavirus protein interactions regulate cellular functions and signaling responses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011; 9:33-47. [PMID: 21171876 DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rodent-borne pathogenic hantaviruses cause two severe and often lethal zoonotic diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. Currently, no US FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines are available for HFRS/HCPS. Infections with hantaviruses are not lytic, and it is currently not known exactly why infections in humans cause disease. A better understanding of how hantaviruses interfere with normal cell functions and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses might provide clues to future development of specific treatment and/or vaccines against hantavirus infection. In this article, the current knowledge regarding immune responses observed in patients, hantavirus interference with cellular proteins and signaling pathways, and possible approaches in the development of therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Klingström
- Centre for Microbiological Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden.
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