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Chen R, Chen C, Han N, Guo W, Deng H, Wang Y, Ding Y, Zhang M. Annexin-1 is an oncogene in glioblastoma and causes tumour immune escape through the indirect upregulation of interleukin-8. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4343-4356. [PMID: 35770335 PMCID: PMC9344830 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin‐1 (ANXA1) is widely reported to be deregulated in various cancers and is involved in tumorigenesis. However, its effects on glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. Using immunohistochemistry with tissue microarrays, we showed that ANXA1 was overexpressed in GBM, positively correlated with higher World Health Organization (WHO) grades of glioma, and negatively associated with poor survival. To further explore its role and the underlying molecular mechanism in GBM, we constructed ANXA1shRNA U87 and U251 cell lines for further experiments. ANXA1 downregulation suppressed GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhanced their radiosensitivity. Furthermore, we determined that ANXA1 was involved in dendritic cell (DC) maturation in patients with GBM and that DC infiltration was inversely proportional to GBM prognosis. Considering that previous reports have shown that Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) is associated with DC migration and maturation and is correlated with NF‐κB transcriptional regulation, we examined IL‐8 and p65 subunit expressions and p65 phosphorylation levels in GBM cells under an ANXA1 knockdown. These results suggest that ANXA1 significantly promotes IL‐8 production and p65 phosphorylation levels. We inferred that ANXA1 is a potential biomarker and a candidate therapeutic target for GBM treatment and may mediate tumour immune escape through NF‐kB (p65) activation and IL‐8 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengqi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanpeng Ding
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan university, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Yun TJ, Igarashi S, Zhao H, Perez OA, Pereira MR, Zorn E, Shen Y, Goodrum F, Rahman A, Sims PA, Farber DL, Reizis B. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells mount a distinct antiviral response to virus-infected cells. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/58/eabc7302. [PMID: 33811059 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abc7302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can rapidly produce interferons and other soluble factors in response to extracellular viruses or virus mimics such as CpG-containing DNA. pDCs can also recognize live cells infected with certain RNA viruses, but the relevance and functional consequences of such recognition remain unclear. We studied the response of primary DCs to the prototypical persistent DNA virus, human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Human pDCs produced high amounts of type I interferon (IFN-I) when incubated with live CMV-infected fibroblasts but not with free CMV; the response involved integrin-mediated adhesion, transfer of DNA-containing virions to pDCs, and the recognition of DNA through TLR9. Compared with transient polyfunctional responses to CpG or free influenza virus, pDC response to CMV-infected cells was long-lasting, dominated by the production of IFN-I and IFN-III, and lacked diversification into functionally distinct populations. Similarly, pDC activation by influenza-infected lung epithelial cells was highly efficient, prolonged, and dominated by interferon production. Prolonged pDC activation by CMV-infected cells facilitated the activation of natural killer cells critical for CMV control. Last, patients with CMV viremia harbored phenotypically activated pDCs and increased circulating IFN-I and IFN-III. Thus, recognition of live infected cells is a mechanism of virus detection by pDCs that elicits a unique antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Yun
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Suzu Igarashi
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Haoquan Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oriana A Perez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcus R Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuel Zorn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, and Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, and Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Puissant-Lubrano B, Apoil PA, Guedj K, Congy-Jolivet N, Roubinet F, Guyonnet S, Sourdet S, Nourhashemi F, Blancher A. Distinct effect of age, sex, and CMV seropositivity on dendritic cells and monocytes in human blood. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 96:114-120. [PMID: 29359459 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the impact of age, sex, and CMV on blood monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) subpopulations in 256 healthy individuals aged from 19 to 96 years. Flow cytometry was performed on whole blood within the 4 h following blood drawing. Myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC), classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes were enumerated by means of TruCount tubes (BD Biosciences). We provided reference values for mDC, pDC and the three monocyte subpopulations. The numbers of classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes slightly increased with age while the numbers of mDC and pDC did not vary significantly. The level of expression of CD64 and CD163 on monocytes significantly increased with age while HLA-DR expression did not vary significantly. More precisely, CD163 expression level on intermediate monocyte slightly increased with age in women only (Spearman P = 0.019) while CD64 expression increased on monocytes in CMV-positive individuals only. We observed that sex had almost no impact on the numbers of monocytes and DC and on their expression level of CD64 and HLA-DR. We observed a significant decrease in the numbers of pDC with age in CMV-positive individuals, but not in CMV negative individuals. This suggests that the lifelong subclinical infection by CMV could influence the number of circulating DC of lymphoid origin. In contrast, CMV serostatus had no significant impact on absolute numbers of mDC and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Puissant-Lubrano
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pol André Apoil
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Guedj
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Congy-Jolivet
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Département de Médecine Interne et Gérontologie Clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Sourdet
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Département de Médecine Interne et Gérontologie Clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fati Nourhashemi
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Département de Médecine Interne et Gérontologie Clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Inserm 1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Blancher
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique Moléculaire, EA 3034, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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4
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Meningitis Caused by Toscana Virus Is Associated with Strong Antiviral Response in the CNS and Altered Frequency of Blood Antigen-Presenting Cells. Viruses 2015; 7:5831-43. [PMID: 26569288 PMCID: PMC4664982 DOI: 10.3390/v7112909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV) is a Phlebotomus-transmitted RNA virus and a frequent cause of human meningitis and meningoencephalitis in Southern Europe during the summer season. While evidence for TOSV-related central nervous system (CNS) cases is increasing, little is known about the host defenses against TOSV. We evaluated innate immune response to TOSV by analyzing frequency and activation of blood antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and cytokine levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with TOSV neuroinvasive infection and controls. An altered frequency of different blood APC subsets was observed in TOSV-infected patients, with signs of monocytic deactivation. Nevertheless, a proper or even increased responsiveness of toll-like receptor 3 and 7/8 was observed in blood APCs of these patients as compared to healthy controls. Systemic levels of cytokines remained low in TOSV-infected patients, while levels of anti-inflammatory and antiviral mediators were significantly higher in CSF from TOSV-infected patients as compared to patients with other infectious and noninfectious neurological diseases. Thus, the early host response to TOSV appears effective for viral clearance, by proper response to TLR3 and TLR7/8 agonists in peripheral blood and by a strong and selective antiviral and anti-inflammatory response in the CNS.
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5
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Cytomegalovirus Antibody Elevation in Bipolar Disorder: Relation to Elevated Mood States. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:939780. [PMID: 26075105 PMCID: PMC4444593 DOI: 10.1155/2015/939780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiology of mood states is complicated by exposure to everyday stressors (e.g., psychosocial, ubiquitous environmental infections like CMV), each fluctuating between latency and reactivation. CMV reactivation induces proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) associated with induction of neurotoxic metabolites and the presence of mood states in bipolar disorder (BD). Whether CMV reactivation is associated with bipolar diagnoses (trait) or specific mood states is unclear. We investigated 139 BD type I and 99 healthy controls to determine if concentrations of IgG antibodies to Herpesviridae (e.g., CMV, HSV-1, and HSV-2) were associated with BD-I diagnosis and specific mood states. We found higher CMV antibody concentration in BD-I than in healthy controls (T234 = 3.1, Puncorr = 0.002; Pcorr = 0.006) but no difference in HSV-1 (P > 0.10) or HSV-2 (P > 0.10). Compared to euthymic BD-I volunteers, CMV IgG was higher in BD-I volunteers with elevated moods (P < 0.03) but not different in depressed moods (P > 0.10). While relationships presented between BD-I diagnosis, mood states, and CMV antibodies are encouraging, they are limited by the study's cross sectional nature. Nevertheless, further testing is warranted to replicate findings and determine whether reactivation of CMV infection exacerbates elevated mood states in BD-I.
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6
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Tang Y, George A, Nouvet F, Sweet S, Emeagwali N, Taylor HE, Simmons G, Hildreth JEK. Infection of female primary lower genital tract epithelial cells after natural pseudotyping of HIV-1: possible implications for sexual transmission of HIV-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101367. [PMID: 25010677 PMCID: PMC4092063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global AIDS pandemic continues to expand and in some regions of the world, such as southern Africa, the prevalence of HIV-1 infection exceeds 20%. The devastating spread of the virus in young women in these countries appears disproportional to overall risk of infection. Regions with high prevalence of HIV-1 are often also highly endemic for other pathogenic viruses including HSV, CMV and HTLV. We propose that acquisition by HIV-1 of the envelope glycoproteins of other viruses, in a process we call “natural pseudotyping,” expands the cellular tropism of HIV-1, enabling it to infect female genital epithelial cells directly and thereby dramatically increasing risk of infection during sexual intercourse. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that when HIV-1 co-infects T cells along with the gammaretrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), progeny HIV-1 particles are produced capable of infecting primary vaginal, ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cells. These cell types are normally resistant to HIV-1 infection. Infection of primary genital cells was neutralized by antisera against the XMRV glycoprotein, confirming that infection was mediated by the XMRV glycoprotein acquired through pseudotyping of HIV. Inhibition by AZT showed that active replication of HIV-1 occurred in these cells and ruled out non-specific endocytic uptake of the virus. These results demonstrate that natural pseudotyping can expand the tropism of HIV-1 to include genital epithelial cells and have potential implications for sexual transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Alvin George
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Franklin Nouvet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Sweet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nkiruka Emeagwali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Harry E. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Glenn Simmons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James E. K. Hildreth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Kobie JJ, Treanor JJ, Ritchlin CT. Transient decrease in human peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells following influenza vaccination correlates with induction of serum antibody. Immunol Invest 2014; 43:606-15. [PMID: 24999737 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.871555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are critical inducers of the adaptive immune response. Extensive characterization of tissue-resident and monocyte-derived DC has revealed diverse stimulatory and regulatory actions, although the role of peripheral blood dendritic cells (PBDC) in maintaining homeostasis remains unclear. Examination of various myeloid (CD11c+CD303-) and plasmacytoid (CD11c-CD303+) DC populations in the peripheral blood of seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine recipients revealed a transient decrease in the frequency of CD11c+CD1c- myeloid DC subsets 5-10 days following vaccination, including both CD141+ and CD141- myeloid DC subsets of this population. These populations rebounded by 1 month, while plasmacytoid DC remained stable. The magnitude of the decrease in the CD141+ myeloid DC subset at d5-7 significantly correlated with the induction of influenza specific serum antibodies measured at 1 month following vaccination. These results demonstrate a mobilization of peripheral blood myeloid DC following vaccination and indicate these cells are potential biomarkers of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester NY 14642 , USA and
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8
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Caza T, Oaks Z, Perl A. Interplay of Infections, Autoimmunity, and Immunosuppression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:330-63. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.863305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Yaiw KC, Ovchinnikova O, Taher C, Mohammad AA, Davoudi B, Shlyakhto E, Rotar O, Konradi A, Wilhelmi V, Rahbar A, Butler L, Assinger A, Söderberg-Nauclér C. High prevalence of human cytomegalovirus in carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from Russian patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. HERPESVIRIDAE 2013; 4:3. [PMID: 24229441 PMCID: PMC4177206 DOI: 10.1186/2042-4280-4-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the role of this virus in CVD progression remains unclear. We aimed to examine the HCMV serostatus in Russian patients (n = 90) who had undergone carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and controls (n = 82) as well as to determine the prevalence of HCMV immediate early (IE) and late (LA) antigens in carotid atherosclerotic plaques obtained from 89 patients. In addition, we sought to determine whether HCMV infection was associated with inflammatory activity in the plaque by quantifying infiltrating CD3 and CD68 positive cells and 5-LO immunoreactivity. Methods HCMV serology was assessed with ELISA and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect HCMV antigens, CD3, CD68 and 5-LO reactivity. The Fisher’s exact test was used to compare i) seroprevalence of HCMV IgG between patients and controls and ii) HCMV-positive or –negative to that of CD3, CD68 and 5-LO immunoreactive cells in plaque samples. The student-t test was performed to connote the significance level of mean optical density between patients and controls. Results The seroprevalence for HCMV IgG was high in both patients and controls (99% and 98%, respectively). Controls had significantly higher IgG titers for HCMV compared with patients (p = 0.0148). Strikingly, we found a high prevalence of HCMV antigens in atherosclerotic plaques; 57/89 (64%) and 47/87 (54%) were HCMV IE and LA positive, respectively. Most plaques had rather low HCMV reactivity with distinct areas of HCMV-positive cells mainly detected in shoulder regions of the plaques, but also in the area adjacent to the necrotic core and fibrous cap. In plaques, the cellular targets for HCMV infection appeared to be mainly macrophages/foam cells and smooth muscle cells. HCMV-positive plaques trended to be associated with increased numbers of CD68 positive macrophages and CD3 positive T cells, while 5-LO reactivity was high in both HCMV-positive and HCMV-negative plaques. Conclusions In Russian patients undergoing CEA, HCMV proteins are abundantly expressed in carotid plaques and may contribute to the inflammatory response in plaques via enhanced infiltration of CD68 and CD3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koon-Chu Yaiw
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Olga Ovchinnikova
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.,Almazov Federal Center for Heart, Blood and Endocrinology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Chato Taher
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Abdul-Aleem Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Belghis Davoudi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Eugene Shlyakhto
- Almazov Federal Center for Heart, Blood and Endocrinology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oxana Rotar
- Almazov Federal Center for Heart, Blood and Endocrinology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra Konradi
- Almazov Federal Center for Heart, Blood and Endocrinology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vanessa Wilhelmi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Lynn Butler
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, CMM L8:03, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
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Gredmark-Russ S, Söderberg-Nauclér C. Dendritic cell biology in human cytomegalovirus infection and the clinical consequences for host immunity and pathology. Virulence 2012; 3:621-34. [PMID: 23076329 PMCID: PMC3545944 DOI: 10.4161/viru.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the herpesvirus family, establishes life-long persistence and latency after primary infection and can be reactivated later in life. In immunosuppressed patients, it is an important pathogen that can cause severe disease. HCMV is also thought to play a causative role in inflammatory diseases and cancer. The virus can infect different immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) and can take advantage of host immune functions to avoid immune recognition. These characteristics have sparked major interest in understanding HCMV and its interaction with immune cells and their relevance to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the complex host-pathogen relationship between HCMV and DCs, including the persistence of the virus in these cells, their function in the immune response to HCMV infection and the potential clinical consequences of HCMV infection in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Xu X, Bergman P, Willows T, Tammik C, Sund M, Hökfelt T, Söderberg-Naucler C, Varani S. CMV-associated encephalitis and antineuronal autoantibodies--a case report. BMC Neurol 2012; 12:87. [PMID: 22947340 PMCID: PMC3502587 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an ubiquitous pathogen capable of modulating the host immune system. Immune dysfunction is common during CMV infection and includes autoimmune phenomena. Here we focus on a case of primary CMV infection associated with encephalopathy in a patient with a rudimentary spleen. We discuss diagnostic challenges and immunological aspects as well as the hypothesis that CMV may break tolerance and induce potentially encephalitogenic autoantibodies. Case presentation A 33-year-old woman was admitted with features of encephalitis, rapidly progressing into a catatonic state. The patient tested negative for presence of herpes simplex virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and had elevated liver enzymes and hepatomegaly at computed tomography scan (CT) examination. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed only a rudimentary spleen. Initially, serum was negative for anti-CMV IgM, but borderline for anti-CMV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, a more sensitive assay resulted in a positive specific IgM Western blot profile and low IgG avidity, suggesting primary CMV infection. Further, CMV DNA was retrospectively detected in a CSF sample collected at admission. We also detected antineuronal autoantibodies, which stained GAD-positive neurons in the hippocampus. The patient was treated by a combination of prednisone, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and antivirals, which resulted in a dramatic amelioration of the patient’s neurological status. One year after admission the patient exhibited a nearly complete recovery with mild deficits in attention and memory. Conclusions A possible reason for the critical course of CMV infection could be the lack of a functional spleen in this patient, a condition previously associated with severe CMV infection. Prompt treatment with antiviral drugs, steroids and IVIg was most likely important for the positive outcome in this case and should be considered for similar cases of severe primary CMV infection associated with immunopathological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Xu
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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