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Xu Y, Xue W, Gao H, Cui J, Zhao L, You C. Association of toll-like receptors single nucleotide polymorphisms with HBV and HCV infection: research status. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13335. [PMID: 35462764 PMCID: PMC9029363 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections have become increasingly severe worldwide and are a threat to public health. There have been a number of studies conducted recently on the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to innate immune receptor genes such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). Some literature suggests that SNPs of TLRs are associated with HBV and HCV infection. We summarized the role of TLRs gene polymorphisms associated with HBV and HCV infections and explored their possible mechanisms of action. Methodology PubMed and Web of Science were used to perform the literature review. Related articles and references were identified and used to analyze the role of TLRs gene polymorphism in HBV and HCV infection. Results TLRs gene polymorphisms may have beneficial or detrimental effects in HBV and HCV infection, and some SNPs can affect disease progression or prognosis. They affect the disease state by altering gene expression or protein synthesis; however, the mechanism of action is not clearly understood. Conclusions Single nucleotide polymorphisms of TLRs play a role in HBV and HCV infection, but the mechanism of action still needs to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wentao Xue
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jiabo Cui
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chongge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
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2
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Rawlinson S, Ciric L, Cloutman-Green E. How to carry out microbiological sampling of healthcare environment surfaces? A review of current evidence. J Hosp Infect 2019; 103:363-374. [PMID: 31369807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the hospital surface environment contributes to the spread of pathogens. However, evidence on how best to sample these surfaces is inconsistent and there is no guidance or legislation in place on how to do this. The aim of this review was to assess current literature on surface sampling methodologies, including the devices used, processing methods, and the environmental and biological factors that might influence results. Studies published prior to March 2019 were selected using relevant keywords from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed. Abstracts were reviewed and all data-based studies in peer-reviewed journals in the English language were included. Microbiological air and water sampling in the hospital environment were not included. Although the numbers of cells or virions recovered from hospital surface environments were generally low, the majority of surfaces sampled were microbiologically contaminated. Of the organisms detected, multidrug-resistant organisms and clinically significant pathogens were frequently isolated and could, therefore, present a risk to vulnerable patients. Great variation was found between methods and the available data were incomplete and incomparable. Available literature on sampling methods demonstrated deficits with potential improvements for future research. Many of the studies included in the review were laboratory-based and not undertaken in the real hospital environment where sampling recoveries could be affected by the many variables present in a clinical environment. It was therefore difficult to draw overall conclusions; however, some recommendations for the design of routine protocols for surface sampling of healthcare environments can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rawlinson
- University College London, Chadwick Building, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, London, UK
| | - L Ciric
- University College London, Chadwick Building, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, London, UK
| | - E Cloutman-Green
- University College London, Chadwick Building, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Camiliar Botnar Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, London, UK.
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3
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Akashi M, Fukaya S, Uchiyama C, Aoki K, Takemura M. Visualization of giant virus particles and development of "VIRAMOS" for high school and university biology course. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 47:426-431. [PMID: 31021444 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several educational trials on handling viruses and or virology have been reported. However, given their small size, direct visualization of these viruses under a microscope has been rarely performed. The so-called "giant viruses" are larger than other viruses with a particle size greater than 200-300 nm. This enables their direct visualization under a light microscope more easily than other viruses. In this study, we developed two new types of teaching material for learning about viruses and cellular organisms using mimivirus, one of the well-known giant viruses. One teaching material involves using glass slides with enclosed mimivirus particles, and another is a paper-based teaching material, named VIRAMOS (http://tlab-edusys.azurewebsites.net/content/viramos_en.pdf). Using these, students can investigate and learn about viruses and cellular organisms. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(4):426-431, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Akashi
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Fukaya
- Laboratory of Biology Education, Graduate School of Mathematics and Science Education, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Biology Education, Graduate School of Mathematics and Science Education, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Aoki
- Laboratory of Biology Education, Graduate School of Mathematics and Science Education, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takemura
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Biology Education, Graduate School of Mathematics and Science Education, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Rodrigues RAL, Arantes TS, Oliveira GP, dos Santos Silva LK, Abrahão JS. The Complex Nature of Tupanviruses. Adv Virus Res 2019; 103:135-166. [PMID: 30635075 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of giant viruses revealed a new level of complexity in the virosphere, raising important questions about the diversity, ecology, and evolution of these viruses. The family Mimiviridae was the first group of amoebal giant viruses to be discovered (by Bernard La Scola and Didier Raoult team), containing viruses with structural and genetic features that challenged many concepts of classic virology. The tupanviruses are among the newest members of this family and exhibit structural, biological, and genetic features never previously observed in other giant viruses. The complexity of these viruses has put us one step forward toward the comprehension of giant virus biology and evolution, but also has raised important questions that still need to be addressed. In this chapter, we tell the history behind the discovery of one of the most complex viruses isolated to date, highlighting the unique features exhibited by tupanviruses, and discuss how these giant viruses have contributed to redefining limits for the virosphere.
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5
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Healthcare-Associated Viral Infections: Considerations for Nosocomial Transmission and Infection Control. HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN 2018. [PMCID: PMC7121921 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98122-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial and healthcare-associated viral infections are major contributors to patient morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs in all pediatric age groups. Healthcare workers are also at risk of acquiring nosocomial viral infections, affecting their own health, as well as facilitating spread of the infection to other patients, their family, and the community. Healthcare-associated viral infections may occur in a variety of healthcare settings, including clinics, emergency centers, urgent care centers, procedure suites, operating rooms, hospital wards, nurseries, and intensive care units. In addition, non-patient care areas, such as the cafeteria, waiting areas, and playrooms may also be a source of viral infections that can spread in the healthcare setting. These infections may be device-related or transmitted via blood products or organ donation and respiratory droplets, through food including human milk, person to person, or via air ducts, fomites, and surfaces. They most commonly involve the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts; however, all organ systems may potentially be involved. Both DNA and RNA viruses, either common or exotic, may contribute to healthcare-associated viral infections. Advances in molecular viral diagnostics have enabled rapid detection and routine surveillance for viral infections and now allow early identification of viruses. Prompt identification allows timely containment measures to minimize transmission to other patients or healthcare workers and avoids hospital, community, and global outbreaks.
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6
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Almeida GMDF, Silva LCF, Colson P, Abrahao JS. Mimiviruses and the Human Interferon System: Viral Evasion of Classical Antiviral Activities, But Inhibition By a Novel Interferon-β Regulated Immunomodulatory Pathway. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 37:1-8. [PMID: 28079476 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we discuss the role of mimiviruses as potential human pathogens focusing on clinical and evolutionary evidence. We also propose a novel antiviral immunomodulatory pathway controlled by interferon-β (IFN-β) and mediated by immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) and itaconic acid, its product. Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus (APMV) was isolated from amoebae in a hospital while investigating a pneumonia outbreak. Mimivirus ubiquity and role as protist pathogens are well understood, and its putative status as a human pathogen has been gaining strength as more evidence is being found. The study of APMV and human cells interaction revealed that the virus is able to evade the IFN system by inhibiting the regulation of interferon-stimulated genes, suggesting that the virus and humans have had host-pathogen interactions. It also has shown that the virus is capable of growing on IFN-α2, but not on IFN-β-treated cells, hinting at an exclusive IFN-β antiviral pathway. Our hypothesis based on preliminary data and published articles is that IFN-β preferentially upregulates IRG1 in human macrophagic cells, which in turn produces itaconic acid. This metabolite links metabolism to antiviral activity by inactivating the virus, in a novel immunomodulatory pathway relevant for APMV infections and probably to other infectious diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena C Ferreira Silva
- 2 Laboratorio de Virus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Philippe Colson
- 3 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille Universite Faculté de Médecine , Marseille, France
| | - Jonatas Santos Abrahao
- 2 Laboratorio de Virus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Brazil .,3 Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille Universite Faculté de Médecine , Marseille, France
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7
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Assis FL, Franco-Luiz APM, Dos Santos RN, Campos FS, Dornas FP, Borato PVM, Franco AC, Abrahao JS, Colson P, Scola BL. Genome Characterization of the First Mimiviruses of Lineage C Isolated in Brazil. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2562. [PMID: 29312242 PMCID: PMC5743647 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Mimiviridae, comprised by giant DNA viruses, has been increasingly studied since the isolation of the Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV), in 2003. In this work, we describe the genome analysis of two new mimiviruses, each isolated from a distinct Brazilian environment. Furthermore, for the first time, we are reporting the genomic characterization of mimiviruses of group C in Brazil (Br-mimiC), where a predominance of mimiviruses from group A has been previously reported. The genomes of the Br-mimiC isolates Mimivirus gilmour (MVGM) and Mimivirus golden (MVGD) are composed of double-stranded DNA molecules of ∼1.2 Mb, each encoding more than 1,100 open reading frames. Genome functional annotations highlighted the presence of mimivirus group C hallmark genes, such as the set of seven aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. However, the set of tRNA encoded by the Br-mimiC was distinct from those of other group C mimiviruses. Differences could also be observed in a genome synteny analysis, which demonstrated the presence of inversions and loci translocations at both extremities of Br-mimiC genomes. Both phylogenetic and phyletic analyses corroborate previous results, undoubtedly grouping the new Brazilian isolates into mimivirus group C. Finally, an updated pan-genome analysis of genus Mimivirus was performed including all new genomes available until the present moment. This last analysis showed a slight increase in the number of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins among mimiviruses of group A, with a larger increase after addition of sequences from mimiviruses of groups B and C, as well as a plateau tendency after the inclusion of the last four mimiviruses of group C, including the Br-mimiC isolates. Future prospective studies will help us to understand the genetic diversity among mimiviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L Assis
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Franco-Luiz
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raíssa N Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S Campos
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Fábio P Dornas
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo V M Borato
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana C Franco
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jônatas S Abrahao
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Philippe Colson
- CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, UM63, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, AP-HM, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, UM63, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, AP-HM, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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8
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Colson P, Aherfi S, La Scola B. Evidence of giant viruses of amoebae in the human gut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humic.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Dornas FP, Boratto PVM, Costa GB, Silva LCF, Kroon EG, La Scola B, Trindade G, Abrahão JS. Detection of mimivirus genome and neutralizing antibodies in humans from Brazil. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3205-3207. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Abrahão JS, Oliveira GP, Ferreira da Silva LC, Dos Santos Silva LK, Kroon EG, La Scola B. Mimiviruses: Replication, Purification, and Quantification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 41:14G.1.1-14G.1.13. [PMID: 27153385 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this protocol is to describe the replication, purification, and titration of mimiviruses. These viruses belong to the Mimiviridae family, the first member of which was isolated in 1992 from a cooling tower water sample collected during an outbreak of pneumonia in a hospital in Bradford, England. In recent years, several new mimiviruses have been isolated from different environmental conditions. These giant viruses are easily replicated in amoeba of the Acanthamoeba genus, its natural host. Mimiviruses present peculiar features that make them unique viruses, such as the particle and genome size and the genome's complexity. The discovery of these viruses rekindled discussions about their origin and evolution, and the genetic and structural complexity opened up a new field of study. Here, we describe some methods utilized for mimiviruses replication, purification, and titration. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas Santos Abrahão
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Vírus, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Graziele Pereira Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Vírus, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais, Brazil
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lorena Christine Ferreira da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Vírus, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Karen Dos Santos Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Vírus, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Vírus, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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11
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Colson P, Aherfi S, La Scola B, Raoult D. The role of giant viruses of amoebas in humans. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 31:199-208. [PMID: 27131020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since 2003, dozens of giant viruses that infect amoebas (GVA), including mimiviruses and marseilleviruses, have been discovered. These giants appear to be common in our biosphere. From the onset, their presence and possible pathogenic role in humans have been serendipitously observed or investigated using a broad range of technological approaches, including culture, electron microscopy, serology and various techniques based on molecular biology. The link between amoebal mimiviruses and pneumonia has been the most documented, with findings that fulfill several of the criteria considered as proof of viral disease causation. Regarding marseilleviruses, they have been mostly described in asymptomatic persons, and in a lymph node adenitis. The presence and impact of GVA in humans undoubtedly deserve further investigation in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Colson
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Aix-Marseille Univ., URMITE UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Sarah Aherfi
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Aix-Marseille Univ., URMITE UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Aix-Marseille Univ., URMITE UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Aix-Marseille Univ., URMITE UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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12
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Dornas FP, Khalil JYB, Pagnier I, Raoult D, Abrahão J, La Scola B. Isolation of new Brazilian giant viruses from environmental samples using a panel of protozoa. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1086. [PMID: 26500630 PMCID: PMC4594340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Megavirales are a newly described order capable of infecting different types of eukaryotic hosts. For the most part, the natural host is unknown. Several methods have been used to detect these viruses, with large discrepancies between molecular methods and co-cultures. To isolate giant viruses, we propose the use of different species of amoeba as a cellular support. The aim of this work was to isolate new Brazilian giant viruses by comparing the protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii, A. polyphaga, A. griffini, and Vermamoeba vermiformis (VV) as a platform for cellular isolation using environmental samples. One hundred samples were collected from 3 different areas in September 2014 in the Pampulha lagoon of Belo Horizonte city, Minas Gerais, Brazil. PCR was used to identify the isolated viruses, along with hemacolor staining, labelling fluorescence and electron microscopy. A total of 69 viruses were isolated. The highest ratio of isolation was found in A. polyphaga (46.38%) and the lowest in VV (0%). Mimiviruses were the most frequently isolated. One Marseillevirus and one Pandoravirus were also isolated. With Brazilian environmental samples, we demonstrated the high rate of lineage A mimiviruses. This work demonstrates how these viruses survive and circulate in nature as well the differences between protozoa as a platform for cellular isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio P Dornas
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes CNRS 7278 UMR 6236 - IRD 3R198, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Universite Marseille, France ; Laboratorio de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacques Y B Khalil
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes CNRS 7278 UMR 6236 - IRD 3R198, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Universite Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Pagnier
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes CNRS 7278 UMR 6236 - IRD 3R198, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Universite Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes CNRS 7278 UMR 6236 - IRD 3R198, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Universite Marseille, France
| | - Jônatas Abrahão
- Laboratorio de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes CNRS 7278 UMR 6236 - IRD 3R198, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Universite Marseille, France
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