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Murayama A, Akari H, Kato T. Production and Purification of Cell Culture-generated Hepatitis B Virus by Transient Transfection and Density Gradient. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4779. [PMID: 37497458 PMCID: PMC10366991 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient cell culture system for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is indispensable for research on viral characteristics and antiviral agents. Currently, for HBV infection assays in cell culture, HBV genome-integrated cell line-derived viruses are commonly used. However, these viruses are not suitable for the evaluation of polymorphism-dependent viral characteristics or resistant mutations against anti-viral agents. To detect the infection of cell culture-generated HBV (HBVcc) by the transient transfection of the HBV molecular clone, a large amount of purified viruses is needed, because such viruses exhibit limited infection efficiencies in cell culture. Here, we describe how to generate and purify HBVcc by the transient transfection of HBV molecular clones. This system provides a powerful tool for studying the infection and propagation of HBV and for developing anti-viral agents against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Murayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Momose H, Murayama A, Yamada N, Matsubayashi K, Matsuoka S, Ikebe E, Kuramitsu M, Muramatsu M, Kato T, Hamaguchi I. Performance evaluation of in vitro diagnostic kits for hepatitis B virus infection using the regional reference panel of Japan. Virol J 2023; 20:93. [PMID: 37165426 PMCID: PMC10170722 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern. Precise and sensitive detection of viral markers, including HBV DNA and HBs antigen (Ag), is essential to determine HBV infection. METHODS The sensitivities and specificities of 5 HBV DNA and 14 HBsAg kits were evaluated using World Health Organization International Standards (WHO IS) and the Regional Reference Panel (RRP) consisting of 64 HBsAg-negative and 80 HBsAg-positive specimens. RESULTS All 5 HBV DNA kits detected HBV DNA in the WHO IS at a concentration of 10 IU/mL. The sensitivity and specificity to the RRP were 98.8-100% and 96.9-100%, respectively. HBV DNA titers were well correlated among the 5 kits regardless of HBV genotype. However, discordance of the HBV DNA titer was found in 5 specimens measured by CAP/CTM HBV v2.0. Among 12 automated HBsAg kits, the minimum detectable concentrations in the WHO IS varied from 0.01 to 0.1 IU/mL. Two lateral flow assays were positive for WHO IS concentrations greater than or equal to 1.0 and 0.1 IU/mL, respectively. When analyzed by the RRP, 12 automated kits exhibited a sensitivity of 98.8-100%, and 2 lateral flow assays showed sensitivities of 93.8% and 100%. The specificities of HBsAg kits were 100%. In the quantification of HBsAg, some kits showed a poor correlation of measurements with each other and showed up to a 1.7-fold difference in the regression coefficient of HBsAg titers. There were variations in the correlations of measurements among HBsAg kits when analyzed by genotype. CONCLUSIONS Five HBV DNA kits showed sufficient sensitivity and specificity to determine HBV infection. HBV DNA titers were compatible with each other irrespective of HBV genotypes. HBsAg kits had enough sensitivity and specificity to screen for HBV infection. One of the lateral flow assays had a nearly equivalent sensitivity to that of the automated HBsAg kit. HBsAg titers quantified by the evaluated kits were not compatible across the kits. Genotype-dependent amino acid variations might affect the quantification of HBsAg titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Momose
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Asako Murayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Norie Yamada
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsubayashi
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, 2-1-67 Tatsumi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8521, Japan
| | - Sahoko Matsuoka
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Emi Ikebe
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Madoka Kuramitsu
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
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Yato K, Matsuda M, Fukano K, Tanaka T, Moriishi K, Nishitsuji H, Shimotohno K, Tamura K, Wakita T, Muramatsu M, Kato T, Suzuki R. Identification of neutralizing epitopes in the preS2 domain of the hepatitis B virus. Virus Res 2023; 323:199014. [PMID: 36511290 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. The sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as an essential HBV receptor. Human hepatocytes are infected with HBV via binding between the preS1 region of the HBV large envelope protein and the NTCP. However, the role of preS2 in HBV entry is not well understood. In this study, we induced anti-preS2 serum in mice by DNA immunization, and showed that the resulting antiserum neutralized HBV infectivity. Competition assays using overlapping peptides suggested that the neutralizing epitope is located in the N-terminal region of preS2. In addition, monoclonal antibodies targeting the N-terminal region of preS2 neutralized HBV infectivity, indicating that these domains are critical epitopes for viral neutralization. These findings provide new insights into the HBV entry machinery while suggesting a novel modality for the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Yato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Fukano
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Division of Hepatitis Virology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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Use of a Deep Learning Approach for the Sensitive Prediction of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Levels in Inactive Carrier Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020387. [PMID: 35054079 PMCID: PMC8779966 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that can be employed to accurately predict biological transitions. Eliminating hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAgs) is the final therapeutic endpoint for chronic hepatitis B. Reliable predictors of the disappearance or reduction in HBsAg levels have not been established. Accurate predictions are vital to successful treatment, and corresponding efforts are ongoing worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to identify an optimal deep learning model to predict the changes in HBsAg levels in daily clinical practice for inactive carrier patients. We identified patients whose HBsAg levels were evaluated over 10 years. The results of routine liver biochemical function tests, including serum HBsAg levels for 1, 2, 5, and 10 years, and biometric information were obtained. Data of 90 patients were included for adaptive training. The predictive models were built based on algorithms set up by SONY Neural Network Console, and their accuracy was compared using statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed a mean absolute percentage error of 58%, and deep learning revealed a mean absolute percentage error of 15%; thus, deep learning is an accurate predictive discriminant tool. This study demonstrated the potential of deep learning algorithms to predict clinical outcomes.
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Silva LA, Camargo BR, Araújo AC, Batista TL, Ribeiro BM, Ardisson-Araújo DMP. Easily purified baculovirus/insect-system-expressed recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen fused to the N- or C-terminus of polyhedrin. Arch Virol 2021; 167:345-354. [PMID: 34839419 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are circular double-stranded DNA viruses that infect insects and are widely used as the baculoviral expression vectors (BEVs), which provide a eukaryotic milieu for heterologous expression. The most frequently used vector is based on Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). However, purification of recombinant proteins produced using BEVs is laborious, time-consuming, and often expensive. Numerous strategies have been explored to facilitate purification of heterologous proteins, such as fusion with occlusion body (OBs)-forming proteins like polyhedrin (Polh). Baculoviruses produce OBs in the late stages of infection to protect the virion in the cellular environment, and the main protein responsible for OB formation is Polh. In this study, we investigated the effect of fusing the gene that encodes the surface antigen (S-HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to either the N- or C-terminus of the AcMNPV Polh. The production of recombinant viruses and recombinant proteins was confirmed, and the ability to form chimeric S-HBsAg-containing OBs was accessed by light and scanning electron microscopy of infected cells. The fusion was found to affect the shape and size of the OBs when compared to wild-type OBs, with the N-terminal fusion producing less-amorphous OBs than the C-terminal construct. In addition, the N-terminal construct gave higher levels of expression than the C-terminal construct. Quantitative and qualitative immunoassays with human serum or plasma antibodies against HBsAg showed that the two forms of the antigen reacted differently. Although both reacted with the antibody, the N-terminal fusion protein reacted with more sensitivity (2.27-fold) and is therefore more suitable for quantitative assays than the C-terminal version. In summary, the BEVs represents a promising tool for the production of reagents for the diagnosis of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Silva
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Brenda R Camargo
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Araújo
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Taylice Leonel Batista
- Laboratory of Insect Virology, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910900, Brazil
| | - Bergmann M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel M P Ardisson-Araújo
- Laboratory of Baculovirus, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Insect Virology, Cell Biology Department, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910900, Brazil.
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Honda T, Yamada N, Murayama A, Shiina M, Aly HH, Kato A, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Ishigami M, Murakami Y, Tanaka T, Moriishi K, Nishitsuji H, Shimotohno K, Ishikawa T, Fujishiro M, Muramatsu M, Wakita T, Kato T. Amino Acid Polymorphism in Hepatitis B Virus Associated With Functional Cure. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1583-1598. [PMID: 34352407 PMCID: PMC8536788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To provide an adequate treatment strategy for chronic hepatitis B, it is essential to know which patients are expected to have a good prognosis and which patients do not require therapeutic intervention. Previously, we identified the substitution of isoleucine to leucine at amino acid 97 (I97L) in the hepatitis B core region as a key predictor among patients with stable hepatitis. In this study, we attempted to identify the point at which I97L affects the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing the stabilization of hepatitis. METHODS To confirm the clinical features of I97L, we used a cohort of hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B infected with HBV-I97 wild-type (wt) or HBV-I97L. The effects of I97L on viral characteristics were evaluated by in vitro HBV production and infection systems with the HBV reporter virus and cell culture-generated HBV. RESULTS The ratios of reduction in hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA were higher in patients with HBV-I97L than in those with HBV-I97wt. HBV-I97L exhibited lower infectivity than HBV-I97wt in both infection systems with reporter HBV and cell culture-generated HBV. HBV-I97L virions exhibiting low infectivity primarily contained a single-stranded HBV genome. The lower efficiency of cccDNA synthesis was demonstrated after infection of HBV-I97L or transfection of the molecular clone of HBV-I97L. CONCLUSIONS The I97L substitution reduces the level of cccDNA through the generation of immature virions with single-stranded genomes. This I97L-associated low efficiency of cccDNA synthesis may be involved in the stabilization of hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Norie Yamada
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
| | - Asako Murayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
| | - Hussein Hassan Aly
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
| | - Asuka Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Takanori Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Yoji Ishizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Teiji Kuzuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Yoshiki Murakami
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | | | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Takanobu Kato, MD, PhD, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan. fax: +81-3-5285-1161.
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7
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Impact of Introducing Hepatitis B Birth Dose Vaccines into the Infant Immunization Program in Burkina Faso: Study Protocol for a Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial (NéoVac Study). Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060583. [PMID: 34206058 PMCID: PMC8227098 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve global hepatitis elimination by 2030, it is critical to prevent the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Since 2009, the WHO has recommended administering hepatitis B vaccine to all neonates within 24 h of birth to prevent MTCT. However, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa only provide hepatitis B immunization at the age of 6, 10, and 14 weeks or 8, 12, and 16 weeks using a combined vaccine. To accelerate the introduction of the hepatitis B birth dose vaccine (HepB-BD) into sub-Saharan Africa, it is critical to establish to what extent the addition of HepB-BD can further reduce HBV transmission in areas where three-dose infant vaccination has been implemented. We therefore designed a study to evaluate the impact, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of incorporating the HepB-BD into the routine immunization program in a real-life field condition in Burkina Faso, where the hepatitis B vaccination is currently scheduled at 8-12-16 weeks. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining epidemiology, anthropology, and health economics, the Neonatal Vaccination against Hepatitis B in Africa (NéoVac) study conducts a pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in rural areas of the Hauts-Bassins Region. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04029454). A health center is designated as a cluster, and the introduction of HepB-BD will be rolled out sequentially in 24 centers. Following an initial period in which no health center administers HepB-BD, one center will be randomly allocated to incorporate HepB-BD. Then, at a regular interval, another center will be randomized to cross from the control to the intervention period, until all 24 centers integrate HepB-BD. Pregnant women attending antenatal care will be systematically invited to participate. Infants born during the control period will follow the conventional immunization schedule (8-12-16 weeks), while those born in the interventional period will receive HepB-BD in addition to the routine vaccines (0-8-12-16 weeks). The primary outcome, the proportion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity in infants aged at 9 months, will be compared between children born before and after HepB-BD introduction. The study will generate data that may assist governments and stakeholders in sub-Saharan Africa to make evidence-based decisions about whether to add HepB-BD into the national immunization programs.
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Murayama A, Yamada N, Osaki Y, Shiina M, Aly HH, Iwamoto M, Tsukuda S, Watashi K, Matsuda M, Suzuki R, Tanaka T, Moriishi K, Suzuki T, Nishitsuji H, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M, Shimotohno K, Wakita T, Muramatsu M, Liang TJ, Kato T. N-Terminal PreS1 Sequence Regulates Efficient Infection of Cell-Culture-Generated Hepatitis B Virus. Hepatology 2021; 73:520-532. [PMID: 32446278 PMCID: PMC8527393 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An efficient cell-culture system for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is indispensable for research on viral characteristics and antiviral reagents. Currently, for the HBV infection assay in cell culture, viruses derived from HBV genome-integrated cell lines of HepG2.2.15 or HepAD-38 are commonly used. However, these viruses are not suitable for the evaluation of polymorphism-dependent viral characteristics or resistant mutations against antiviral reagents. HBV obtained by the transient transfection of the ordinary HBV molecular clone has limited infection efficiencies in cell culture. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that an 11-amino-acid deletion (d11) in the preS1 region enhances the infectivity of cell-culture-generated HBV (HBVcc) to sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide-transduced HepG2 (HepG2/NTCP) cells. Infection of HBVcc derived from a d11-introduced genotype C strain (GTC-d11) was ~10-fold more efficient than infection of wild-type GTC (GTC-wt), and the number of infected cells was comparable between GTC-d11- and HepG2.2.15-derived viruses when inoculated with the same genome equivalents. A time-dependent increase in pregenomic RNA and efficient synthesis of covalently closed circular DNA were detected after infection with the GTC-d11 virus. The involvement of d11 in the HBV large surface protein in the enhanced infectivity was confirmed by an HBV reporter virus and hepatitis D virus infection system. The binding step of the GTC-d11 virus onto the cell surface was responsible for this efficient infection. CONCLUSIONS This system provides a powerful tool for studying the infection and propagation of HBV in cell culture and also for developing the antiviral strategy against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Murayama
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Norie Yamada
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshiki Osaki
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan.,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShin-Yurigaoka General HospitalKawasakiJapan
| | - Hussein Hassan Aly
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Masashi Iwamoto
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan.,Liver Cancer Prevention Research UnitCenter for Integrative Medical SciencesRIKENWakoJapan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of MicrobiologyGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuo-shiJapan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of MicrobiologyGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiChuo-shiJapan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and ParasitologyHamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuokaJapan
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Genome Medical Sciences ProjectNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences ProjectNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences ProjectNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- Genome Medical Sciences ProjectNational Center for Global Health and MedicineIchikawaJapan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology IINational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
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Avellon A, Ala A, Diaz A, Domingo D, Gonzalez R, Hidalgo L, Kooner P, Loganathan S, Martin D, McPherson S, Munoz-Chimeno M, Ryder S, Slapak G, Ryan P, Valbuena M, Kennedy PT. Clinical performance of Determine HBsAg 2 rapid test for Hepatitis B detection. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3403-3411. [PMID: 32270883 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is estimated to affect 292 million people worldwide, 90% of them are unaware of their HBV status. The Determine HBsAg 2 (Alere Medical Co, Ltd Chiba Japan [Now Abbott]) is a rapid test that meets European Union (EU) regulatory requirements for Hepatitis B surface antigen 2 (HBsAg) analytical sensitivity, detecting the 0.1 IU/mL World Health Organization (WHO) International HBsAg Standard. This prospective, multicentre study was conducted to establish its clinical performance. 351 evaluable subjects were enrolled, 145 HBsAg-positive. The fingerstick whole blood sensitivity and specificity were 97.2% and 98.5% (15' reading, reference assay cut-off 0.05 IU/mL), sensitivity increasing to 97.9% with the prespecified cut-off 0.13 IU/mL (EU regulations). The venous whole blood, serum and plasma sensitivity was 97.2%, 97.9%, and 98.6%, respectively (15' reading); reaching 99%, 99.5% and 100% specificity. A testing algorithm following up an initial positive fingerstick test result with plasma/serum test demonstrates 100% specificity. The Determine HBsAg 2 test gives 15-minute results with high sensitivity and specificity, making it an ideal tool for point-of-care testing, with the potential to enable large-scale population-wide screening to reach the WHO HBV diagnostic targets. The evaluated test improves the existing methods as most of the reviewed rapid tests do not meet the EU regulatory requirements of sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Avellon
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aftab Ala
- Gastrointestinal and Liver services, Royal Surrey County Hospital and University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Antonio Diaz
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital del Sureste, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Domingo
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Gonzalez
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital del Sureste, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Hidalgo
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital Infanta Sofia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Kooner
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital Infanta Sofia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabarinathan Loganathan
- Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Stuart McPherson
- Liver Unit, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Stephen Ryder
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, NIHR Nottingham BRC at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gabrielle Slapak
- Gastrointestinal and Liver services, Barking Havering and Redbridge University NHS Trust, Romford, UK
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (HUIL), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Valbuena
- Gastroenterology department, Hospital del Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick T Kennedy
- Barts Liver Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, UK
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10
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Pronier C, Candotti D, Boizeau L, Bomo J, Laperche S, Thibault V. The contribution of more sensitive hepatitis B surface antigen assays to detecting and monitoring hepatitis B infection. J Clin Virol 2020; 129:104507. [PMID: 32570044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) remains the main viral marker for screening and monitoring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The quantification limit of most current HBsAg assays is around 0.05 IU/mL. The Lumipulse-G-HBsAg-Quant assay (Fujirebio) claims to obtain a tenfold improvement in sensitivity. This study aimed to assess the performance of this assay in detecting low HBsAg levels in clinical samples. METHODS Three panels of stored frozen samples were selected on the basis of HBV-DNA and HBsAg values obtained previously with routine techniques. Panels 1 (n=13) and 2 (n=52) consisted of DNA-positive/HBsAg-negative samples from individuals in the window period and with occult HBV infection respectively. Panel 3 comprised 23 samples with low or discrepant HBsAg screening results. All these samples were tested retrospectively with the DiaSorin and Fujirebio HBsAg assays. RESULTS Sixteen out of 65 samples (25 %), initially screened HBsAg negative, were reactive only with the Fujirebio assay (median value= 0.015 IU/mL; IQR= 0.012): three (23 %) samples from panel 1 and 13 (25 %) from panel 2. Thirteen of these 16 (81 %) had HBsAg values below 0.03 IU/mL with the DiaSorin assay. In panel 3, 22 (96 %) samples were quantified successfully with the Fujirebio assay (median: 0.32 IU/mL; IQR: 1.20) and 19 (83 %) with the DiaSorin assay (median: 0.31 IU/mL; IQR: 0.65). Concentrations obtained with the two assays showed good correlations (r=0.893, Spearman). CONCLUSIONS HBsAg assays with enhanced analytical sensitivity could improve HBV serological profile interpretation with possible consequences on clinical management of infected patients, and on blood transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pronier
- Univ Rennes, Department of Virology, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Candotti
- Department of Blood-borne Agents, National Reference Center of Infectious Risks in Blood Transfusion, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Laure Boizeau
- Department of Blood-borne Agents, National Reference Center of Infectious Risks in Blood Transfusion, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Bomo
- Univ Rennes, Department of Virology, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Syria Laperche
- Department of Blood-borne Agents, National Reference Center of Infectious Risks in Blood Transfusion, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Thibault
- Univ Rennes, Department of Virology, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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11
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Yang R, Cui L, Liu Y, Cong X, Fei R, Wu S, Wei L. A hook-effect-free homogeneous light-initiated chemiluminescence assay: is it reliable for screening and the quantification of the hepatitis B surface antigen? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:606. [PMID: 32566632 PMCID: PMC7290535 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a threat to global public health. As a hallmark of HBV infection, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been used to screen for HBV infection for decades, and quantitative assays are also being clinically rejuvenated to predict the disease outcome and monitor the antiviral response. Herein, we developed and evaluated a hook-effect-free homogeneous quantitative HBsAg assay based on the light-initiated chemiluminescence immunoassay (LICA). Methods A hook-effect-free LICA algorithm was established by measuring the relative light units (RLUs) of two time points during the immunoreaction. The precision was assessed using low- and high-level controls. Consecutive clinical serum samples were tested using the LICA and Abbott Architect assay; samples producing inconsistent results were retested using supplementary assays including the HBsAg neutralization, HBV DNA, and Roche Elecsys HBsAg assays for further confirmation. The consistency, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated. For the quantitative results, the correlation was analyzed. The coverage of different genotypes and mutations by the LICA was evaluated. Moreover, serial on-treatment and follow-up samples from chronic hepatitis B patients were also measured using the two assays. Results The LICA had better within-run and within-laboratory precisions than the Architect assay. In total, 5,176 clinical samples were tested. The two assays showed a consistency of 99.63%. The LICA showed greater specificity (99.95% vs. 99.77%) and PPV (99.75% vs. 98.77%) than the Architect assay, whereas the Architect assay showed greater sensitivity (100.00% vs. 99.01%) and NPV (100.00% vs. 99.82%). The two assays displayed an excellent correlation independent of genotypes and mutations. The LICA hook-free algorithm recognized 100% of the underestimated results. Furthermore, similar HBsAg dynamics were demonstrated using the LICA and Architect HBsAg assay. Conclusions The hook-free LICA provides a reliable tool for screening for HBV infection and quantifying HBsAg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ran Fei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shuping Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing 100044, China
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12
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Yamada N, Murayama A, Shiina M, Aly HH, Iwamoto M, Tsukuda S, Watashi K, Tanaka T, Moriishi K, Nishitsuji H, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M, Shimotohno K, Muramatsu M, Murata K, Kato T. Anti-viral effects of interferon-λ3 on hepatitis B virus infection in cell culture. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:283-291. [PMID: 31756766 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Interferon (IFN)-λ3 is known to have antiviral effects against various pathogens. Recently, it has been reported that the production of IFN-λ3 in colon cells after the administration of nucleotide analogs is expected to reduce hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic hepatitis B patients. Here, we aimed to prove the antiviral effects of IFN-λ3 on hepatitis B virus (HBV) by using an in vitro HBV production and infection system. METHODS We used HepG2.2.15-derived HBV as an inoculum and the replication-competent molecular clone of HBV as a replication model. RESULTS By administering IFN-λ3 to HepG2 cells transfected with the HBV molecular clone, the production of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core-related antigen was reduced dose-dependently. IFN-λ3 treatment also reduced the number of HBV-positive cells and the synthesis of covalently closed circular DNA after infection of HepG2.2.15-derived HBV to sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide-transduced HepG2 cells. The inhibitory effect on HBV infection by IFN-λ3 was confirmed by using a recombinant a HBV reporter virus system. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the anti-HBV effect of IFN-λ3, we assessed the transcription of HBV RNA and the production of core-associated HBV DNA in HBV molecular clone-transfected HepG2 cells, and found that both parameters were reduced by IFN-λ3. CONCLUSIONS We observed that the administration of IFN-λ3 inhibits HBV infection and the production of HBV proteins at the HBV RNA transcription level. This finding provides novel insight into the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients with the administration or induction of IFN-λ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Yamada
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Murayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hussein Hassan Aly
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwamoto
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Tanaka
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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