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Lulla V, Sridhar A. Understanding neurotropic enteric viruses: routes of infection and mechanisms of attenuation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:413. [PMID: 39365457 PMCID: PMC11452578 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The intricate connection between the gut and the brain involves multiple routes. Several viral families begin their infection cycle in the intestinal tract. However, amongst the long list of viral intestinal pathogens, picornaviruses, and astroviruses stand out for their ability to transition from the intestinal epithelia to central or peripheral nervous system cells. In immunocompromised, neonates and young children, these viral infections can manifest as severe diseases, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. What confers this remarkable plasticity and makes them efficient in infecting cells of the gut and the brain axes? Here, we review the current understanding of the virus infection along the gut-brain axis for some enteric viruses and discuss the molecular mechanisms of their attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lulla
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Adithya Sridhar
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Reproduction and Development, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Tao L, Yang Y, Liu H, Yi L, Cao J, Xu P, Zhao Q, Xu Y, Zhang F, Liu D, Wu W, Jin Y. Characterization of cross-reactivity of coxsackievirus A2 VP1-specific polyclonal antibodies with enterovirus A71, coxsackievirus A16, and coxsackievirus A6. Virology 2024; 600:110244. [PMID: 39298881 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A2 (CVA2) is associated with multiple diseases in children. Currently, there is limited research on immunological detection methods for CVA2. Herein, the VP1 gene of CVA2 strain 201711, belonging to cluster 2 within genotype D, was analyzed. The structures of VP1 from CVA2 strains 201711, 7-1 and 12-1, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) strain 201713, coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) strain 201717, and coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) strain JLS10 were compared. The Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)/pET vector system was employed to express the recombinant protein containing the entire VP1 of CVA2 strain 201711. Mice were immunized with the purified protein, and the sera were collected and used to specifically identify the VP1 in CVA2-infected RD cells by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. There was no evident cross-reactivity of the sera with the VP1 of EV-A71, CVA16, and CVA6 strains mentioned above. Therefore, this study provided mouse-specific anti-CVA2 VP1 polyclonal antibodies for CVA2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Yawen Yang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; School of Medical Laboratory, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hejun Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Liang Yi
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jingyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Pengwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yinlan Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Fengquan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
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3
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Pan D, Mohamed B, Gupta A, Arshad Z, Strachan C, Celma C, Kapoor S, Toovey OTR, Beard S, Tang JW. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of enterovirus infections in cerebrospinal fluid samples, 2019-2023. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29924. [PMID: 39295283 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
We performed a comparative, retrospective analysis (March 2019-April 2023) of children diagnosed with non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) central nervous system (CNS) infections (n = 47 vs. 129 contemporaneous controls without NPEV, all <18 years old), requiring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing upon presentation to hospital. We found that showed that admissions decreased during pandemic restrictions (13% vs. controls 33%, p = 0.003). The median age of children with NPEV was 41 days (IQR: 18-72), most were male (n = 76, 59%) and were less likely to present with symptoms of irritability (11% vs. controls 26%, p = 0.04), but more likely to be febrile (93% vs. controls 73%, p = 0.007), have higher respiratory rates (mean 44 bpm, SD 11, vs. controls 36 bpm, SD 14, p = 0.001), higher heart rates (mean 171 bpm, SD 27 vs. controls 141 bpm, SD 36, p < 0.001), higher CSF protein (median 0.66 g/L, interquartile range [IQR] 0.46-1.01, vs. controls 0.53 mg/mL, IQR 0.28-0.89, p = 0.04), higher CSF white cell count (WCC) (median WCC 9.5×106/L, IQR 1-16 vs. controls 3.15×106/L, IQR 2.7-3.6, p < 0.001), but lower CSF glucose (median 2.8 mmol/L, IQR 2.4-3.1 vs. controls 3.1 mmol/L, IQR 2.7-3.6, p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis showed that these NPEVs originated from Europe (EV A71, CV B4, E21, E6, CV B3, CV B5, E7, E11, E18), North America (CV B4, E18), South America (E6), Middle East (CV B5), Africa (CV B5, E18), South Asia (E15), East/Southeast Asia (E25, CV A9, E7, E11, E18), and Australia (CV B5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pan
- Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Basant Mohamed
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Zaki Arshad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Charlie Strachan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Cristina Celma
- UK Enteric Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, Colindale, UK
| | - Sonal Kapoor
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Oliver T R Toovey
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Stuart Beard
- UK Enteric Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, Colindale, UK
| | - Julian W Tang
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Ponomareva NV, Novikova NA. Neurotropic enteroviruses (Picornaviridae: Enterovirus): predominant types, basis of neurovirulence. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:479-487. [PMID: 38156564 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are one of the most common causative agents of infectious diseases of the central nervous system. They are characterized by genetic variability, the ability to infect a wide range of cells, including brain microglial cells and astrocytes, and persist in the central nervous system tissue, causing delayed and chronic diseases. The review presents data on the basis of neurovirulence of non-polio enteroviruses and the most common pathogens causing enteroviral neuroinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Ponomareva
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor
| | - N A Novikova
- Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor
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Yu SL, Chung NH, Lin YC, Liao YA, Chen YC, Chow YH. Human SCARB2 Acts as a Cellular Associator for Helping Coxsackieviruses A10 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:932. [PMID: 37112912 PMCID: PMC10144829 DOI: 10.3390/v15040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina, which can result in severe neurological symptoms in children. CVA10 does not use the common enterovirus 71 (EV71) receptor, human SCARB2 (hSCARB2, scavenger receptor class B, member 2), for infection but instead uses another receptor, such as KREMEN1. Our research has shown that CVA10 can infect and replicate in mouse cells expressing human SCARB2 (3T3-SCARB2) but not in the parental NIH3T3 cells, which do not express hSCARB2 for CVA10 entry. Knocking down endogenous hSCARB2 and KREMEN1 with specific siRNAs inhibited CVA10 infection in human cells. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that VP1, a main capsid protein where virus receptors for attaching to the host cells, could physically interact with hSCARB2 and KREMEN1 during CVA10 infection. It is the efficient virus replication following virus attachment to its cellular receptor. It resulted in severe limb paralysis and a high mortality rate in 12-day-old transgenic mice challenged with CVA10 but not in wild-type mice of the same age. Massive amounts of CVA10 accumulated in the muscles, spinal cords, and brains of the transgenic mice. Formalin inactivated CVA10 vaccine-induced protective immunity against lethal CVA10 challenge and reduced the severity of disease and tissue viral loads. This is the first report to show that hSCARB2 serves as an associate to aid CVA10 infection. hSCARB2-transgenic mice could be useful in evaluating anti-CVA10 medications and studying the pathogenesis induced by CVA10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Yu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hsiang Chung
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yi-An Liao
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ying-Chin Chen
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Cohen R, Mahajnah M, Shlonsky Y, Golan-Shany O, Romem A, Halevy A, Natan K, Genizi J. Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study Finds No Common Viruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Pseudotumor Cerebri. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020361. [PMID: 36831904 PMCID: PMC9953968 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) in children is a rare condition whose underlying cause remains largely unknown. No study has yet systematically examined viral infection as a cause of PTC. The current study aimed to characterize PTC in children and investigate the possible role of acute viral infection of the central nervous system in its pathogenesis. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in three centers in Israel. Participants were 50 children aged 0.5-18 years, of whom 27 had a definitive diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri (the study group) and 23 comprised a control. Data collected included clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, ophthalmic findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Using the ALLPLEXTM meningitis panel, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to test for the presence of 12 common viruses. PTC patients (mean age 12 ± 4.3 years; 14 males, 13 females) had mean opening pressure of 41.9 ±10.2 mmH2O. All PTC patients had papilledema, and 25 (93%) had PTC symptoms. No viruses were found in the PTC group, while in the control group, one patient tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus and another for human herpesvirus type 6. Overall, in our study, PTC was not found to be associated with the presence of viruses in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Cohen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva 4920235, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Mahajnah
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera 38100, Israel
- Bruce Rappaport Faulty of Medicine, Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa 3104802, Israel
| | - Yulia Shlonsky
- Microbiology Labratory, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3104802, Israel
| | - Orit Golan-Shany
- Microbiology Labratory, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3104802, Israel
| | - Azriel Romem
- Pediatric Department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3104802, Israel
| | - Ayelet Halevy
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva 4920235, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Keren Natan
- Pediatric Department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3104802, Israel
| | - Jacob Genizi
- Bruce Rappaport Faulty of Medicine, Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa 3104802, Israel
- Pediatric Department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 3104802, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Human FcRn Is a Two-in-One Attachment-Uncoating Receptor for Echovirus 18. mBio 2022; 13:e0116622. [PMID: 35862785 PMCID: PMC9426509 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01166-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-receptor interactions determine viral host range and tissue tropism. CD55 and human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) were found to be the binding and uncoating receptors for some of the echovirus-related enterovirus species B serotypes in our previous study. Echovirus 18 (E18), as a member of enterovirus species B, is a significant causative agent of aseptic meningitis and viral encephalitis in children. However, it does not use CD55 as a critical host factor. We conducted CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening to determine the receptors and entry mechanisms and identified FcRn working as a dual-function receptor for E18. Knockout of FCGRT and B2M, which encode the two subunits of FcRn, prevented infection by E18 and other echoviruses in the same physiological cluster. We then elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism of receptor recognition by E18 using cryogenic electron microscopy. The binding of the FCGRT subunit to the canyon region rotates the residues around the pocket, triggering the release of the pocket factor as observed for other enterovirus species B members.
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Zhao H, Yang T, Yue L, Li H, Xie T, Xiang H, Wang J, Wei X, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Comparative analysis of the biological characteristics of three CV-A10 clones adaptively cultured on Vero cells. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3820-3828. [PMID: 35437759 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is a major pathogen that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease. There are no effective therapeutic drugs for CV-A10 infection; therefore, CV-A10 vaccines should be developed. Previously, we isolated a CV-A10 strain (N25) that can be cultured on Vero cells. In this study, the N25 strain was plaque-purified thrice from Vero cells, and three clones were selected for adaptive culture. The three clones of the 5th , 12th , and 19th generations were compared and analyzed in terms of viral titers, plaque morphology, pathogenicity in suckling mice, and nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the complete genome. The infectivity titers of the three clones (P2-P22) were maintained at 6.5-7.0 lgCCID50 /ml. The three clones began to proliferate at 6 h and peaked at 36 h; the corresponding CCID50 was in the range of 106.5 -106.875 /ml, which gradually decreased. The suckling mice in the challenged group exhibited clinical symptoms such as paralysis of the limbs, which gradually worsened until death. The inactivated vaccines prepared using the three clones efficiently induced antigen-specific serum antibodies in mice. There were eight nucleotide mutations in the three clones, which resulted in two and four amino acid substitutions in the VP3 and VP1 coding regions, respectively. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology between the three clones and N25 were 99.92%-100% and 99.78%-100%, respectively, indicating high genetic stability. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for screening CV-A10 vaccine candidate clones. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Xingchen Wei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
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Wang J, Liu J, Fang F, Wu J, Ji T, Yang Y, Liu L, Li C, Zhang W, Zhang X, Teng Z. Genomic surveillance of coxsackievirus A10 reveals genetic features and recent appearance of genogroup D in Shanghai, China, 2016–2020. Virol Sin 2022; 37:177-186. [PMID: 35234621 PMCID: PMC9170976 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). To investigate the epidemiological characteristics as well as genetic features of CVA10 currently circulating in Shanghai, China, we collected a total of 9,952 sporadic HFMD cases from January 2016 to December 2020. In the past five years, CVA10 was the fourth prevalent causatives associated with HFMD in Shanghai and the overall positive rate was 2.78%. The annual distribution experienced significant fluctuations over the past five years. In addition to entire VP1 sequencing, complete genome sequencing and recombination analysis of CVA10 isolates in Shanghai were further performed. A total of 64 near complete genomes and 11 entire VP1 sequences in this study combined with reference sequences publicly available were integrated into phylogenetic analysis. The CVA10 sequences in this study mainly belonged to genogroup C and presented 91%–100% nucleotide identity with other Chinese isolates based on VP1 region. For the first time, our study reported the appearance of CVA10 genogroup D in Chinese mainland, which had led to large-scale outbreaks in Europe previously. The recombination analysis showed the recombination break point located between 5,100 nt and 6,700 nt, which suggesting intertypic recombination with CVA16 genogroup D. To conclusion, CVA10 genogroup C was the predominant genogroup in Shanghai during 2016–2020. CVA10 recombinant genogroup D was firstly reported in circulating in Chinese mainland. Continuous surveillance is needed to better understand the evolution relationships and transmission pathways of CVA10 to help to guide disease control and prevention. Systematic profiles of genetic features of CVA10 near complete genome. First report of the appearance of CVA10 genogroup D in Chinese mainland. Genomic comparisons indicate the potential recombinant origin of CVA10 genogroup D.
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Gao W, Yue L, Yang T, Shen D, Li H, Song X, Xie T, He X, Xie Z. Proliferation characteristics of coxsackievirus A10 in mice and immune protection ability of experimental inactivated vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112212. [PMID: 34649345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is the main pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease in China. However, there are no CVA10-specific drugs and vaccines, and the pathogenesis and effects of this virus in the body are unknown. We investigated the effect of a clinically isolated CVA10 virus strain (CVA10-25) to investigate its effect in suckling mice through different infection routes. We observed the dynamic distribution and proliferation of the virus in mouse tissues by infecting suckling mice with different doses of the virus and mice of different ages with the same dose of the virus. We also analysed the pathological characteristics after infection. A formaldehyde-inactivated experimental vaccine was prepared to immunise 5-week-old BALB/c female mice three times, and newborn suckling mice were tested for the presence of maternally transmitted antibodies. The viral load in each organ after intracerebral administration was higher than that after intraperitoneal administration; the peroral administration route did not cause disease in mice. Mouse paralysis and death after infection were related to age. The skeletal muscles, heart, and lung showed histopathological changes after infection. We established a 2-day-old BALB/c suckling mouse model that could be infected intracranially to study the pathogenesis and pathology of CVA10. Maternally transmitted antibodies protected the mice against the virus. This study provides a reference for CVA10-related pathogenesis and vaccine research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Suckling
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterovirus/growth & development
- Enterovirus/immunology
- Female
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/immunology
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/prevention & control
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Vaccination
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vero Cells
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Xia Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China; Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
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11
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Zhang N, Zheng T, Chen Y, Zhu H, Qu Y, Zheng H, Liu H, Liu Q. Coxsackievirus B5 virus-like particle vaccine exhibits greater immunogenicity and immunoprotection than its inactivated counterpart in mice. Vaccine 2021; 39:5699-5705. [PMID: 34420787 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B group 5 (CVB5) represents one of the major pathogens that cause diseases such as hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and aseptic meningitis et al. Currently, no specific drugs and vaccines are available, and a safe and effective CVB5 vaccine is of great value for control of the diseases. In this study, CVB5 P1 precursor and 3CD protease were co-expressed in Sf9 cells by using a baculovirus expression system. The P1 was processed by 3CD and self-assembled into CVB5 virus-like particles (VLPs). VP1 and VP3 capsid proteins of CVB5 could be detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the CVB5 VLPs were spherical particles with a diameter of about 30 nm, mimicking wild-type CVB5 virus. Our study showed that the total IgG and neutralizing antibodies induced by CVB5 VLPs were higher than those induced by inactivated vaccine. More importantly, the CVB5 VLPs conferred full protection to the CVB5-challenged suckling mice via passive immunity while protection efficiency of the inactivated vaccine was only 80%. The CVB5 VLPs vaccine could protect the limb muscles, brain, and heart tissues of suckling mice from CVB5-induced damage. These results demonstrated that the CVB5 VLPs vaccine possessed stronger immunogenicity and provided more robust immunoprotection than the inactivated CVB5 vaccine, suggesting that the CVB5 VLPs promise to be a CVB5 vaccine candidate in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Tianpeng Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongbei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China; College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qiliang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China; College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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