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Li CH, Zhao J, Zhang HY, Wang B. Banking of perinatal mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for stem cell-based personalized medicine over lifetime: Matters arising. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:105-119. [PMID: 37181005 PMCID: PMC10173813 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are currently applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Numerous clinical studies have indicated that MSCs from different tissue sources can provide therapeutic benefits for patients. MSCs derived from either human adult or perinatal tissues have their own unique advantages in their medical practices. Usually, clinical studies are conducted by using of cultured MSCs after thawing or short-term cryopreserved-then-thawed MSCs prior to administration for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and medical disorders. Currently, cryogenically banking perinatal MSCs for potential personalized medicine for later use in lifetime has raised growing interest in China as well as in many other countries. Meanwhile, this has led to questions regarding the availability, stability, consistency, multipotency, and therapeutic efficiency of the potential perinatal MSC-derived therapeutic products after long-term cryostorage. This opinion review does not minimize any therapeutic benefit of perinatal MSCs in many diseases after short-term cryopreservation. This article mainly describes what is known about banking perinatal MSCs in China and, importantly, it is to recognize the limitation and uncertainty of the perinatal MSCs stored in cryobanks for stem cell medical treatments in whole life. This article also provides several recommendations for banking of perinatal MSCs for potentially future personalized medicine, albeit it is impossible to anticipate whether the donor will benefit from banked MSCs during her/his lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China.
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2
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Dave C, Mei SHJ, McRae A, Hum C, Sullivan KJ, Champagne J, Ramsay T, McIntyre L. Comparison of freshly cultured versus cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of inflammation: A pre-clinical systematic review. eLife 2022; 11:75053. [PMID: 35838024 PMCID: PMC9286731 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that demonstrate therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory-mediated conditions. Although controversial, some studies suggest that MSCs may lose their functionality with cryopreservation which could render them non-efficacious. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of comparative pre-clinical models of inflammation to determine if there are differences in in vivo measures of pre-clinical efficacy (primary outcomes) and in vitro potency (secondary outcomes) between freshly cultured and cryopreserved MSCs. Methods: A systematic search on OvidMEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Web of Science (until January 13, 2022) was conducted. The primary outcome included measures of in vivo pre-clinical efficacy; secondary outcomes included measures of in vitro MSC potency. Risk of bias was assessed by the SYRCLE ‘Risk of Bias’ assessment tool for pre-clinical studies. Results: Eighteen studies were included. A total of 257 in vivo pre-clinical efficacy experiments represented 101 distinct outcome measures. Of these outcomes, 2.3% (6/257) were significantly different at the 0.05 level or less; 2 favoured freshly cultured and 4 favoured cryopreserved MSCs. A total of 68 in vitro experiments represented 32 different potency measures; 13% (9/68) of the experiments were significantly different at the 0.05 level or less, with seven experiments favouring freshly cultured MSC and two favouring cryopreserved MSCs. Conclusions: The majority of preclinical primary in vivo efficacy and secondary in vitro potency outcomes were not significantly different (p<0.05) between freshly cultured and cryopreserved MSCs. Our systematic summary of the current evidence base may provide MSC basic and clinical research scientists additional rationale for considering a cryopreserved MSC product in their pre-clinical studies and clinical trials as well as help identify research gaps and guide future related research. Funding: Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Dave
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Shirley H J Mei
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrea McRae
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christine Hum
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katrina J Sullivan
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Josee Champagne
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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3
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Cao Y, Yan J, Liu H. [Clinical research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of chronic wounds]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:496-501. [PMID: 33855836 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202011009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review the clinical research progress of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of chronic wounds. Methods The literature related to the chronic wound repair with MSCs at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed, and the possible mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of chronic wounds, as well as its application and existing problems were summarized. Results MSCs can participate in all aspects of chronic wound healing to promote wound healing, and has shown broad application prospects in clinical trials. MSCs commonly used in clinical research include bone marrow-derived MSCs, adipose-derived tissue MSCs, and umbilical cord-derived MSCs. Conclusion MSCs treatment is a promising strategy for the chronic wounds, but there are still many problems in its widespread clinical application that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Cao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, P.R.China
| | - Jianxin Yan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, P.R.China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510630, P.R.China
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4
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Wright A, Snyder L, Knights K, He H, Springer NL, Lillich J, Weiss ML. A Protocol for the Isolation, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Umbilical Cord-Derived Canine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Role of Cell Attachment in Long-Term Maintenance. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:695-713. [PMID: 32148170 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to create a variable localized anti-inflammatory effect in injuries such as Crohn's disease and osteoarthritis or by incorporation in tissue engineered constructs. Currently, the MSC literature uses rodents for preclinical disease models. There is growing interest in using naturally occurring disease in large animals for modeling human disease. By review of the canine MSCs literature, it appears that canine MSCs can be difficult to maintain in culture for extended passages and this greatly varies between tissue sources, compared with human and rodent MSCs, and limited lifespan is an obstacle for preclinical investigation and therapeutic use. Research using canine MSCs has been focused on cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue, and the differences in manufacturing MSCs between laboratories are problematic due to lack of standardization. To address these issues, here, a stepwise process was used to optimize canine MSCs isolation, expansion, and cryopreservation utilizing canine umbilical cord-derived MSCs. The culture protocol utilizes coating of tissue culture surfaces that increases cellular adherence, increases colony-forming units-fibroblast efficiency, and decreases population doubling times. Canine MSCs isolated with our protocol could be maintained longer than published canine MSCs methods before senescing. Our improved cryopreservation protocols produce on average >90% viable MSCs at thaw. These methods enable master-bank and working-bank scenarios for allogeneic MSC testing in naturally occurring disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Larry Snyder
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaori Knights
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Hong He
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Nora L Springer
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - James Lillich
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.,The Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biology, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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5
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Abstract
Thymus regenerative therapy implementation is severely obstructed by the limited number and expansion capacity in vitro of tissue-specific thymic epithelial stem cells (TESC). Current solutions are mostly based on growth factors that can drive differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward tissue-specific TESC. Target-specific small chemical compounds represent an alternative solution that could induce and support the clonal expansion of TESC and reversibly block their differentiation into mature cells. These compounds could be used both in the composition of culture media designed for TESC expansion in vitro, and in drugs development for thymic regeneration in vivo. It should allow reaching the ultimate objective - autologous thymic tissue regeneration in paediatric patients who had their thymus removed in the course of cardiac surgery.
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Muniswami DM, Reddy LVK, Venkatesh K, Babu S, Sen D. Neuropotency and Neurotherapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cell’s Secretome. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Abstract
Human umbilical cord represents a source of multipotent stromal cells of a supreme therapeutic potential. The cells can be isolated from either fresh or cryopreserved umbilical cord tissues. DMSO is a cryoprotectant most commonly used for preservation of umbilical cord tissues; however, cyto- and genotoxicity of this compound is evident and well documented. In the present study we performed successful cryopreservation of the umbilical cord tissue using other cryoprotectants: propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. Of these, 1.5 M ethylene glycol and 20% glycerol turned out to be the best in terms of the preservation of living cells within the frozen tissue, early onset of migration of these cells out of the thawed explants, and overall efficacy of multipotent stromal cell isolation. Cryobanking of tissues can improve availability of multiple cell products for medical purposes and promote the development of personalized medicine.
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8
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Kusuma GD, Barabadi M, Tan JL, Morton DAV, Frith JE, Lim R. To Protect and to Preserve: Novel Preservation Strategies for Extracellular Vesicles. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1199. [PMID: 30420804 PMCID: PMC6215815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based therapeutics are based on the premise that EVs shed by stem cells exert similar therapeutic effects and these have been proposed as an alternative to cell therapies. EV-mediated delivery is an effective and efficient system of cell-to-cell communication which can confer therapeutic benefits to their target cells. EVs have been shown to promote tissue repair and regeneration in various animal models such as, wound healing, cardiac ischemia, diabetes, lung fibrosis, kidney injury, and many others. Given the unique attributes of EVs, considerable thought must be given to the preservation, formulation and cold chain strategies in order to effectively translate exciting preclinical observations to clinical and commercial success. This review summarizes current understanding around EV preservation, challenges in maintaining EV quality, and also bioengineering advances aimed at enhancing the long-term stability of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina D. Kusuma
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehri Barabadi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean L. Tan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jessica E. Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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9
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Abstract
In this review we present current evidence on the possibility of umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation for subsequent clinical use. Protocols for obtaining umbilical cord-derived vessels, Wharton’s jelly-based grafts, multipotent stromal cells, and other biomedical products from cryopreserved umbilical cords are highlighted, and their prospective clinical applications are discussed. Examination of recent literature indicates we should expect high demand for cryopreservation of umbilical cord tissues in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Arutyunyan
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Gennady Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Skiles ML, Brown KS, Tatz W, Swingle K, Brown HL. Quantitative analysis of composite umbilical cord tissue health using a standardized explant approach and an assay of metabolic activity. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:564-575. [PMID: 29429941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord (UC) tissue can be collected in a noninvasive procedure and is enriched in progenitor cells with potential therapeutic value. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be reliably harvested from fresh or cryopreserved UC tissue by explant outgrowth with no apparent impact on functionality. A number of stem cell banks offer cryopreservation of UC tissue, alongside cord blood, for future cell-based applications. In this setting, measuring and monitoring UC quality is critical. MATERIALS AND METHODS UC explants were evaluated using a plating and scoring system accounting for cell attachment and proliferation. Explant scores for fresh and cryopreserved-then-thawed tissue from the same UC were compared. Metabolic activity of composite UC tissue was also assayed after exposure of the tissue to conditions anticipated to affect UC quality and compared with explant scores within the same UC. RESULTS All fresh and cryopreserved tissues yielded MSC-like cells, and cryopreservation of the tissue did not prevent the ability to isolate MSCs by the explant method. Thawed UC tissue scores were 91% (±0.6%; P = 0.0009) that of the fresh, biologically identical tissue. Within the same UC, explant scores correlated well to both cell yield (R2 = 0.85) and tissue metabolic activity (R2 = 0.69). DISCUSSION A uniform explant scoring assay can provide information about the quality of composite UC tissue. Such quantitative measurement is useful for analysis of tissue variability and process monitoring. Additionally, a metabolic assay of UC tissue health provides results that correlate well to explant scoring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Skiles
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Katherine S Brown
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Tatz
- Laboratory Operations, Cbr Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kristen Swingle
- Consumer Sales and Operations, Cbr Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Heather L Brown
- Scientific and Medical Affairs, Cbr Systems, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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11
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A roadmap for cost-of-goods planning to guide economic production of cell therapy products. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1383-1391. [PMID: 28935190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy products are frequently developed and produced without incorporating cost considerations into process development, contributing to prohibitively costly products. Herein we contextualize individual process development decisions within a broad framework for cost-efficient therapeutic manufacturing. This roadmap guides the analysis of cost of goods (COG) arising from tissue procurement, material acquisition, facility operation, production, and storage. We present the specific COG considerations related to each of these elements as identified through a 2013 International Society for Cellular Therapy COG survey, highlighting the differences between autologous and allogeneic products. Planning and accounting for COG at each step in the production process could reduce costs, allowing for more affordable market pricing to improve the long-term viability of the cell therapy product and facilitate broader patient access to novel and transformative cell therapies.
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12
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Harris DT. Banking of Adipose- and Cord Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: Technical and Regulatory Issues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 951:147-154. [PMID: 27837561 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are found in all multicellular organisms and are defined as cells that can differentiate into specialized mature cells as well as divide to produce more stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were among the first stem cell types to be utilized for regenerative medicine. Although initially isolated from bone marrow, based on ease and costs of procurement, MSC derived from adipose tissue (AT-MSC) and umbilical cord tissue (CT-MSC) are now preferred stem cell sources for these applications. Both adipose tissues and cord tissue present unique problems for biobanking however, in that these are whole tissues, not cellular suspensions. Although the tissues could be processed to facilitate the biobanking process, by doing so additional regulatory issues arise that must be addressed. This review will discuss the technical issues associated with biobanking of these tissues, as well as regulatory concerns when banking of utilizing MSC derived from these sources in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Harris
- University of Arizona Health Sciences Biorepository, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Division of Translational Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,GMP Laboratory at the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Celebration Stem Cell Centre, Gilbert, AZ, USA.
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13
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Effect of cryopreservation on viability and growth efficiency of stromal-epithelial cells derived from neonatal human thymus. Cryobiology 2017; 78:70-79. [PMID: 28668447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thymus is the major site of T lymphocyte generation and so is critical for a functional adaptive immune system. Since, thymectomy is a component of neonatal surgery for congenital heart diseases, it provides great potential for collection and storage of thymic tissue for autologous transplantation. However, specific investigation into the optimum parameters for thymic tissue cryopreservation have not been conducted. In this research, we evaluated the effect of different cryoprotective media compositions, which included penetrating (Me2SO, glycerol) and non-penetrating (dextran-40, sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch) components, on the viability and functionality of frozen-thawed human thymic samples to select an optimal cryoprotective medium suitable for long-term storage of thymic tissue and a stromal-epithelial enriched population. Our primary focus was on receiving, low-temperature storage, culturing and evaluation of thymic tissue samples from newborns and infants with congenital heart diseases, who had undergone thymectomy as a part of standard surgical procedure. Thus, this work builds the platform for autologous clinical intervention into the thymus-deficient patients with congenital heart diseases. From our data, we conclude that although there were no significant differences in efficiency of tested cryoprotective media compositions, the combination of Me2SO and dextran-40 compounds was the most suitable for long-term storage both thymic cell suspensions and thymic fragments based on the viability of CD326+ epithelial cells and stromal-epithelial cell monolayer formation.
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14
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Atesok K, Fu FH, Sekiya I, Stolzing A, Ochi M, Rodeo SA. Stem cells in degenerative orthopaedic pathologies: effects of aging on therapeutic potential. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:626-636. [PMID: 26298714 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to summarize the current evidence on the use of stem cells in the elderly population with degenerative orthopaedic pathologies and to highlight the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind today's therapeutic challenges in stem cell-based regeneration of destructed tissues in the elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA), degenerative disc disease (DDD), and tendinopathies. METHODS Clinical and basic science studies that report the use of stem cells in the elderly patients with OA, DDD, and tendinopathies were identified using a PubMed search. The studies published in English have been assessed, and the best and most recent evidence was included in the current study. RESULTS Evidence suggests that, although short-term results regarding the effects of stem cell therapy in degenerative orthopaedic pathologies can be promising, stem cell therapies do not appear to reverse age-related tissue degeneration. Causes of suboptimal outcomes can be attributed to the decrease in the therapeutic potential of aged stem cell populations and the regenerative capacity of these cells, which might be negatively influenced in an aged microenvironment within the degenerated tissues of elderly patients with OA, DDD, and tendinopathies. CONCLUSIONS Clinical protocols guiding the use of stem cells in the elderly patient population are still under development, and high-level randomized controlled trials with long-term outcomes are lacking. Understanding the consequences of age-related changes in stem cell function and responsiveness of the in vivo microenvironment to stem cells is critical when designing cell-based therapies for elderly patients with degenerative orthopaedic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivanc Atesok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1011, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Freddie H Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1011, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Center for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mitsuo Ochi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Mamidi MK, Das AK, Zakaria Z, Bhonde R. Mesenchymal stromal cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1307-16. [PMID: 26973328 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment for articular cartilage damage is quite challenging as it shows limited repair and regeneration following injury. Non-operative and classical surgical techniques are inefficient in restoring normal anatomy and function of cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, investigating new and effective strategies for OA are necessary to establish feasible therapeutic solutions. The emergence of the new discipline of regenerative medicine, having cell-based therapy as its primary focus, may enable us to achieve repair and restore the damaged articular cartilage. This review describes progress and development of employing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy as a promising alternative for OA treatment. The objective of this review is to first, discuss how in vitro MSC chondrogenic differentiation mimics in vivo embryonic cartilage development, secondly, to describe various chondrogenic differentiation strategies followed by pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating their feasibility and efficacy. However, several challenges need to be tackled before this research can be translated to the clinics. In particular, better understanding of the post-transplanted cell behaviour and learning to enhance their potency in the disease microenvironment is essential. Final objective is to underscore the importance of isolation, storage, cell shipment, route of administration, optimum dosage and control batch to batch variations to realise the full potential of MSCs in OA clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Mamidi
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - A K Das
- Department of Surgery, Taylor's University School of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Zakaria
- Hematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Bhonde
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bangalore 560065, India.
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16
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Shivakumar SB, Bharti D, Subbarao RB, Jang SJ, Park JS, Ullah I, Park JK, Byun JH, Park BW, Rho GJ. DMSO- and Serum-Free Cryopreservation of Wharton's Jelly Tissue Isolated From Human Umbilical Cord. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2397-412. [PMID: 27038129 PMCID: PMC5094545 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The facile nature of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) acquisition in relatively large numbers has made Wharton's jelly (WJ) tissue an alternative source of MSCs for regenerative medicine. However, freezing of such tissue using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for future use impedes its clinical utility. In this study, we compared the effect of two different cryoprotectants (DMSO and cocktail solution) on post-thaw cell behavior upon freezing of WJ tissue following two different freezing protocols (Conventional [-1°C/min] and programmed). The programmed method showed higher cell survival rate compared to conventional method of freezing. Further, cocktail solution showed better cryoprotection than DMSO. Post-thaw growth characteristics and stem cell behavior of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) from WJ tissue cryopreserved with a cocktail solution in conjunction with programmed method (Prog-Cock) were comparable with WJMSCs from fresh WJ tissue. They preserved their expression of surface markers, pluripotent factors, and successfully differentiated in vitro into osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and hepatocytes. They also produced lesser annexin-V-positive cells compared to cells from WJ tissue stored using cocktail solution in conjunction with the conventional method (Conv-Cock). Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis of post-thaw WJMSCs from Conv-Cock group showed significantly increased expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAX, p53, and p21) and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic factor (BCL2) compared to WJMSCs from the fresh and Prog-Cock group. Therefore, we conclude that freezing of fresh WJ tissue using cocktail solution in conjunction with programmed freezing method allows for an efficient WJ tissue banking for future MSC-based regenerative therapies. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2397-2412, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Belame Shivakumar
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bharti
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Jung Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Ullah
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Kwon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Romanov YA, Balashova EE, Volgina NE, Kabaeva NV, Dugina TN, Sukhikh GT. Isolation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Cryopreserved Human Umbilical Cord Tissue. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:530-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated for their potential to regenerate tissue, to modulate the immune system, and their wound healing properties in over 350 clinical trials worldwide. MSCs from various tissues such as adipose, bone, and others are currently being studied in clinical trials in indications for ischemic, inflammatory, autoimmune, and degenerative disorders. As a result, numerous isolation protocols have been published. This chapter provides a simple protocol whereby a total of 80-100 million human MSCs, with an average viability greater than 90 %, can be produced from a relatively small (1-3 mL) bone marrow aspirate in 14-20 days using double stack culture chambers. MSCs were originally referred to as fibroblastoid colony forming cells because one of their characteristic features is adherence to tissue culture plastic and generation of colonies when plated at low densities. The efficiency with which they form colonies still remains an important assay for the quality of cell preparations. To assess the quality of cell preparations, two different colony forming unit (CFU) assays are also provided.
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Arutyunyan I, Elchaninov A, Makarov A, Fatkhudinov T. Umbilical Cord as Prospective Source for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6901286. [PMID: 27651799 PMCID: PMC5019943 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6901286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper presents current evidence on the properties of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, including origin, proliferative potential, plasticity, stability of karyotype and phenotype, transcriptome, secretome, and immunomodulatory activity. A review of preclinical studies and clinical trials using this cell type is performed. Prospects for the use of mesenchymal stem cells, derived from the umbilical cord, in cell transplantation are associated with the need for specialized biobanking and transplant standardization criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Arutyunyan
- 1Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, No. 4, Oparin Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey Elchaninov
- 2Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, No. 1, Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey Makarov
- 1Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, No. 4, Oparin Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- 1Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, No. 4, Oparin Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- 2Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, No. 1, Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
- *Timur Fatkhudinov:
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Dulugiac M, Moldovan L, Zarnescu O. Comparative studies of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different cord tissue compartments - The influence of cryopreservation and growth media. Placenta 2015; 36:1192-203. [PMID: 26343950 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have identified some critical aspects concerning umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stem cells: the lack of standards for cell isolation, expansion and cryopreservation, the lack of unanimous opinions upon their multilineage differentiation potential and the existence of very few results related to the functional characterization of the cells isolated from cryopreserved umbilical cord tissue. Umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation appears to be the optimal solution for umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stem cells storage for future clinical use. Umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation allows mesenchymal stem cells isolation before expected use, according with the specific clinical applications, by different customized isolation and expansion protocols agreed by cell therapy institutions. METHODS Using an optimized protocol for umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation in autologous cord blood plasma, isolation explant method and growth media supplemented with FBS or human serum, we performed comparative studies with respect to the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from different compartments of the same umbilical cord tissue such as Wharton's jelly, vein, arteries, before cryopreservation (pre freeze) and after cryopreservation (post thaw). RESULTS Expression of histochemical and immunohistochemical markers as well as electron microscopy observations revealed similar adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity for cells isolated from pre freeze and corresponding post thaw tissue fragments of Wharton's jelly, vein or arteries of the same umbilical cord tissue, regardless growth media used for cells isolation and expansion. DISCUSSION Our efficient umbilical cord tissue cryopreservation protocol is reliable for clinical applicability of mesenchymal stem cells that could next be isolated and expanded in compliance with future accepted standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dulugiac
- Regina Maria-Central Stem Cells Bank, 5B Ion Ionescu de la Brad, 13811, Bucharest, Romania; Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, R-050095, Romania
| | - Lucia Moldovan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Splaiul Independentei 296, R-060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Otilia Zarnescu
- Laboratory of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, R-050095, Romania.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects. Cryobiology 2015; 71:181-97. [PMID: 26186998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally isolated from bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have since been obtained from various fetal and post-natal tissues and are the focus of an increasing number of clinical trials. Because of their tremendous potential for cellular therapy, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, it is desirable to cryopreserve and bank MSCs to increase their access and availability. A remarkable amount of research and resources have been expended towards optimizing the protocols, freezing media composition, cooling devices and storage containers, as well as developing good manufacturing practices in order to ensure that MSCs retain their therapeutic characteristics following cryopreservation and that they are safe for clinical use. Here, we first present an overview of the identification of MSCs, their tissue sources and the properties that render them suitable as a cellular therapeutic. Next, we discuss the responses of cells during freezing and focus on the traditional and novel approaches used to cryopreserve MSCs. We conclude that viable MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of freezing protocols, cryoprotectants, storage periods and temperatures. However, alterations in certain functions of MSCs following cryopreservation warrant future investigations on the recovery of cells post-thaw followed by expansion of functional cells in order to achieve their full therapeutic potential.
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Kumar A, Bhattacharyya S, Rattan V. Effect of uncontrolled freezing on biological characteristics of human dental pulp stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2015; 16:513-22. [PMID: 25663639 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-015-9498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) hold great promise as a source of adult stem cells for utilization in regenerative medicine. Successful storage and post thaw recovery of DPSCs without loss of function is a key issue for future clinical application. Most of the cryopreservation methods use controlled rate freezing and vapor phase nitrogen to store stem cells. But these methods are both expensive and laborious. In this study, we isolated DPSCs from a patient undergoing impacted mandibular third molar extraction. We adopted eight different methods of cryopreservation at -80 °C for long term storage of the DPSC aliquots. Various parameters like proliferation, cell death, cell cycle, retention of stemness markers and differentiation potential were studied post cryopreservation period of 1 year. We observed successful recovery of stem cells in every method and a significant difference in proliferation potential and cell death between samples stored by different methods. However, post thaw, all cells retained their stemness markers. All DPSCs stored by different methods were able to differentiate into osteoblast like cells, adipocytes and neural cells. Based on these parameters we concluded that uncontrolled freezing at a temperature of -80 °C is as effective as controlled freezing using ethanol vessels and other cryopreservation methods. To the best of our knowledge, our study provides the first proof of concept that long term storage in uncontrolled freezing of cells at -80 °C in 10 % DMSO does not affect the revival capacity of hDPSCs. This implies that DPSCs may be used successfully for tissue engineering and cell based therapeutics even after long term, uncontrolled cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | | | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Science Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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