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Li X, Wu J, Xu F, Chu C, Li X, Shi X, Zheng W, Wang Z, Jia Y, Xiao W. Use of Ferulic Acid in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186010. [PMID: 36144745 PMCID: PMC9503003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease mainly characterized by hyperglycemia, is becoming a serious social health problem worldwide with growing prevalence. Many natural compounds have been found to be effective in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, with negligible toxic effects. Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic compound commonly found in medicinal herbs and the daily diet, was proved to have several pharmacological effects such as antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant actions, which are beneficial to the management of diabetes and its complications. Data from PubMed, EM-BASE, Web of Science and CNKI were searched with the keywords ferulic acid and diabetes mellitus. Finally, 28 articles were identified after literature screening, and the research progress of FA for the management of DM and its complications was summarized in the review, in order to provide references for further research and medical applications of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (W.X.)
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (W.X.)
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Safari S, Eidi A, Mehrabani M, Fatemi MJ, Sharifi AM. Conditioned Medium of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Candidate to Protect High Glucose-Induced Injury in Cultured C28I2 Chondrocytes. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:632-640. [PMID: 35935054 PMCID: PMC9348542 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of conditioned medium derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hADSCs) on C28I2 chondrocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis induced by high glucose (HG).
Methods: C28I2 cells were pre-treated with CM-hADSCs for 24 hours followed by HG exposure (75 mM) for 48 hours. MTT assay was used to assess the cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were determined by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, respectively. Expressions of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX 3), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) were analyzed by RT-PCR. Finally, western blot analysis was used to measure Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and Nrf-2 expression at protein levels.
Results: CM-hADSCs pretreatment mitigated the cytotoxic effect of HG on C28I2 viability. Treatment also markedly reduced the levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation, and augmented the expression of HO-1, NQO1, and GPx3 genes in HG-exposed group. CM-ADSCs enhanced Nrf-2 protein expression and reduced mitochondrial apoptosis through reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3 activation.
Conclusion: MSCs, probably through its paracrine effects, declined the deleterious effect of HG on chondrocytes. Hence, therapies based on MSCs secretomes appear to be a promising therapeutic approaches to prevent joint complications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Safari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Fatemi
- Burn Research Center, Motahari Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Group, (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mehrabani M, Esmaeili-Tarzi M, Forootanfar H, Nematollahi MH, Banat IM, Ohadi M, Dehghannoudeh G. Lipopeptide Biosurfactant from Acinetobacter junii B6: A Promising Natural Surfactant for Promoting Angiogenesis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Aminzadeh A, Tekiyeh Maroof N, Mehrabani M, Bahrampour Juybari K, Sharifi AM. Investigating The Alterations of Oxidative Stress Status, Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms, MAP Kinase and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from STZ Diabetic Rats. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:38-48. [PMID: 32779432 PMCID: PMC7481893 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the reliability of diabetic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for autologous
cell-based therapies by exploring the functionality of signalling pathways involved in regulating oxidative stress and
apoptosis.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, ADSCs were isolated from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic
rats (dADSCs) and normal rats (nADSCs). The colonies derived from dADSCs and nADSCs were compared by
colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and total antioxidant power (TAP) were
also measured. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase
(Sod)-1 and -3, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)-1, -3 and -4 was measured at mRNA level by semi-quantitative reverse
transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. The expression of Bax, Bcl2, caspase-3, total and phosphorylated
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) at protein level was analyzed by
western blotting.
Results The results of this study indicated that viability and plating efficiency of dADSCs were significantly lower than
those of nADSCs. ROS generation and TAP level were respectively higher and lower in dADSCs. The gene expression
of antioxidant enzymes, including Cat, Sod-1, Gpx-3 and Gpx-4 in dADSCs was significantly greater than that in
nADSCs. However, Sod-3 and Gpx-1 mRNA levels were decreased in dADSCs. Moreover, Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio,
caspase-3 protein expression and phosphorylation of JNK and P38 proteins were increased in dADSCs compared to
nADSCs.
Conclusion Taken together, diabetes might impair the cellular functions of dADSCs as candidates for autologous cell-
based therapies. This impairment seems to be mediated by JNK, P38 MAPKs, and mitochondria pathway of apoptosis
and partly by disruption of antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Tekiyeh Maroof
- Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Mehrabani M, Nematollahi MH, Tarzi ME, Juybari KB, Abolhassani M, Sharifi AM, Paseban H, Saravani M, Mirzamohammadi S. Protective effect of hydralazine on a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease: a possible role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:405-414. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by a low expression level of cerebral hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α). Hence, activating the hypoxia-signaling pathway may be a favorable therapeutic approach for curing PD. This study explored the efficacy of hydralazine, a well-known antihypertensive agent, for restoring the impaired HIF-1 signaling in PD, with the aid of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. The cytotoxicity of hydralazine and 6-OHDA on the SH-SY5Y cells were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and apoptosis detection assays. The activities of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (NO), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Expression levels of HIF-1α and its downstream genes at the protein level were assessed by Western blotting. Hydralazine showed no toxic effects on SH-SY5Y cells, at the concentration of ≤50 μmol/L. Hydralazine decreased the levels of apoptosis, malondialdehyde, and NO, and increased the activities of FRAP and SOD in cells exposed to 6-OHDA. Furthermore, hydralazine up-regulated the protein expression levels of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and dopamine transporter in the cells also exposed to 6-OHDA, by comparison with the cells exposed to 6-OHDA alone. In summary, hydralazine priming could attenuate the deleterious effects of 6-OHDA on SH-SY5Y cells by increasing cellular antioxidant capacity, as well as the protein levels of HIF-1α and its downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojde Esmaeili Tarzi
- Cardiovascular research center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacology and Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamze Paseban
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Ebrahimpour N, Mehrabani M, Iranpour M, Kordestani Z, Mehrabani M, Nematollahi MH, Asadipour A, Raeiszadeh M, Mehrbani M. The efficacy of a traditional medicine preparation on second-degree burn wounds in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112570. [PMID: 31945402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lime Salve (L.S) has been well documented from the 9th to the 19th century AD by traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) as an effective remedy for burn healing. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to evaluate the healing effect and related underlying mechanisms of Lime Salve in a model of deep second-degree thermal burn in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD L.S was made up of a combination of refined calcium hydroxide powder, beeswax and sesame oil and its quality control was assessed. A deep second-degree burn was created by a hot plate in 48 male Wistar rats. Afterwards, they were randomly divided into four groups including normal saline (C group), L.S (T group), basement of formulation composed of beeswax and sesame oil (B group) and silver sulfadiazine (S group). On days 5, 10, 17 and 24, the wounds were digitally photographed by a camera and after sacrifice of the rats, skin samples were obtained for performing qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining and histological examination. RESULTS L.S prominently augmented the wound closure rate, neovascularization on day 10 and collagen formation on days 17 and 24 in comparison with the C group. Furthermore, the Salve-exposed specimens showed a significant higher epithelialization during the experiment with a peak on day 24. qRT-PCR also showed that on day 10, VEGF and TGF-β1 genes were significantly higher in the T group as compared with the C group. Also, MMP-9 and MMP-2 genes had a significant peak of expression on day 17 and rapid reduction of expression on day 24. Expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α genes peaked on day 10 in the T group, followed by a progressive reduction until the end of the examination. CONCLUSION L.S could effectively accelerate the healing process of deep second-degree burn wounds and therefore, it may be recommended as a promising topical medication for treating burn wounds in the future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Ebrahimpour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Kordestani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Asadipour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Raeiszadeh
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Saravani M, Rokni M, Mehrbani M, Amirkhosravi A, Faramarz S, Fatemi I, Esmaeili Tarzi M, Nematollahi MH. The evaluation of VEGF and HIF-1α gene polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis susceptibility. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3132. [PMID: 31652374 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to myelin sheath destruction. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) has several roles in cells, such as inducing inflammation and angiogenesis. Recently, several lines of evidence have indicated the role of the hypoxia response and the HIF-1 signaling pathway in an autoimmune disease such as MS. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of HIF-1α gene polymorphisms and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (as a major target gene of HIF-1α) gene polymorphism on MS susceptibility. METHODS In total, 150 MS patients and 150 healthy age- and gender-matched people as a control group participated in the present study. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for genotyping. RESULTS The results obtained showed that the CC genotype of the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p = 0.004). Also, we showed a significant relationship between the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism and MS in a dominant inheritance model (p = 0.005). Regarding the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism allelic distribution, the C allele frequency was significantly higher in the control group than in the case group (71.3% versus 61%, respectively, p = 0.009) and decreased the MS susceptibility by 1.6-fold (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-2.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to HIF-1α rs11549465 genotypic distribution. The HIF-1α C111A polymorphism was non-polymorphic in our study population, except in the case group where nine subjects carried the CA genotype. CONCLUSIONS We show a significant association between VEGF rs60047 polymorphism and MS susceptibility. However, our results do not show a significant association between MS and HIF-1α polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Amirkhosravi
- Food, Drug and Cosmetic Safety Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Esmaeili Tarzi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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New insights into the ameliorative effects of ferulic acid in pathophysiological conditions. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:41-55. [PMID: 28237775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a natural phytochemical has gained importance as a potential therapeutic agent by virtue of its easy commercial availability, low cost and minimal side-effects. It is a derivative of curcumin and possesses the necessary pharmacokinetic properties to be retained in the general circulation for several hours. The therapeutic effects of ferulic acid are mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It exhibits different biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective actions, etc. The current review addresses its therapeutic effects under different pathophysiological conditions (eg. cancer, cardiomyopathy, skin disorders, brain disorders, viral infections, diabetes etc.).
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Gao JL, Chen J, Yang GZ, Lu L, Lu XY, Jia HH, Jin XD, Zhang H, Li QN. Ferulic acid induces proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblasts in vitro through cGMP/PKGII/ENaC signaling. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:176-187. [PMID: 28024413 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1268127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is an active component of the traditional Chinese herb Angelica sinensis. Numerous health benefits have been attributed to FA, but few studies have investigated the effects of FA on osteoblasts (Obs). Our work studied the effects of FA on proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of rat calvarial Obs and examined the signaling pathways involved. Cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay kit, respectively. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase II (PKGII) expression was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The mRNA expression was investigated by semi-quantitative PCR. FA (40-2560 μM) promoted Ob proliferation and differentiation; at 40-640 μM, FA stimulated calcified nodule formation and increased the expression of osteogenic genes encoding osteopontin and collagen-l. FA (40-2560 μM) increased cGMP levels in Obs and upregulated the expression of PKGII, EnaCα, and ENaCγ mRNAs. Downregulated ENaCα mRNA expression in Obs transfected with the siRNA for PKGII was reversed when FA was introduced into Obs. These results demonstrated that FA promoted proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of Obs in vitro, and enhanced osteogenic genes expression partly through the cGMP-PKGII-ENaC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Gao
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
- b Department of Medicine , Dongguan Kanghua Hospital , Dongguan 523080 , China
| | - Jun Chen
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Guo-Zhu Yang
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Li Lu
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xing-Yan Lu
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Huan-Huan Jia
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jin
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Hao Zhang
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Qing-Nan Li
- a School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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