1
|
Cooper RS, Sutherland C, Smith LM, Cowan G, Barnett M, Mitchell D, McLean C, Imlach S, Hayes A, Zahra S, Manchanayake C, Vickers MA, Graham G, McGowan NWA, Turner ML, Campbell JDM, Fraser AR. EBV T-cell immunotherapy generated by peptide selection has enhanced effector functionality compared to LCL stimulation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412211. [PMID: 39011042 PMCID: PMC11246990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific T cells is an effective treatment for relapsed or refractory EBV-induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) with overall survival rates of up to 69%. EBV-specific T cells have been conventionally made by repeated stimulation with EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), which act as antigen-presenting cells. However, this process is expensive, takes many months, and has practical risks associated with live virus. We have developed a peptide-based, virus-free, serum-free closed system to manufacture a bank of virus-specific T cells (VST) for clinical use. We compared these with standard LCL-derived VST using comprehensive characterization and potency assays to determine differences that might influence clinical benefits. Multi-parameter flow cytometry revealed that peptide-derived VST had an expanded central memory population and less exhaustion marker expression than LCL-derived VST. A quantitative HLA-matched allogeneic cytotoxicity assay demonstrated similar specific killing of EBV-infected targets, though peptide-derived EBV T cells had a significantly higher expression of antiviral cytokines and degranulation markers after antigen recall. High-throughput T cell receptor-beta (TCRβ) sequencing demonstrated oligoclonal repertoires, with more matches to known EBV-binding complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences in peptide-derived EBV T cells. Peptide-derived products showed broader and enhanced specificities to EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) in both CD8 and CD4 compartments, which may improve the targeting of highly expressed latency antigens in PTLD. Importantly, peptide-based isolation and expansion allows rapid manufacture and significantly increased product yield over conventional LCL-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Cooper
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Sutherland
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Linda M. Smith
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Cowan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Barnett
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Mitchell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Colin McLean
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Imlach
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Hayes
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Zahra
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Champa Manchanayake
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Vickers
- Blood Transfusion Centre, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Microbiology and Immunity, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neil W. A. McGowan
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc L. Turner
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John D. M. Campbell
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair R. Fraser
- Tissues, Cells and Advanced Therapeutics, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Heriot Watt Research Park, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ford M, Orlando E, Amengual JE. EBV Reactivation and Lymphomagenesis: More Questions than Answers. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2023; 18:226-233. [PMID: 37566338 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-023-00708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that affects almost all humans and establishes lifelong infections by infecting B-lymphocytes leading to their immortalization. EBV has a discrete life cycle with latency and lytic reactivation phases. EBV can reactivate and cause lymphoproliferation in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. There is sparse literature on monitoring protocols for EBV reactivation and no standardized treatment protocols to treat EBV-driven lymphoproliferation. RECENT FINDINGS While there are no FDA-approved therapies to treat EBV, there are several strategies to inhibit EBV replication. These include immunosuppression reduction, nucleoside analogs, HDAC inhibitors, EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), and monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab. There is currently an open clinic trial combining the use of a HDAC inhibitor, nanatinostat, and ganciclovir to treat refractory/relapsed EBV lymphomas. Another novel therapy includes tabelecleucel, which is an allogenic EBV-directed T-cell immunotherapy that was approved by the European Medicines Agency, but is currently only available in the US for limited use in relapsed or refractory EBV-positive PTLD. Further research is needed to establish EBV monitoring protocols in high-risk populations, such as those with autoimmune disease, cancer, HIV, or receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Additionally, standardized treatments for both the prevention of EBV reactivation in high-risk populations and treatment of EBV reactivation and lymphoproliferation need to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maegan Ford
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Evelyn Orlando
- Division of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer Effie Amengual
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maenaka A, Kinoshita K, Hara H, Cooper DKC. The case for the therapeutic use of mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2023; 30:e12802. [PMID: 37029499 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the systems that are necessary to maintain cell homeostasis, such as survival, proliferation, and differentiation. mTOR inhibitors (mTOR-Is) are utilized as immunosuppressants and anti-cancer drugs. In organ allotransplantation, current regimens infrequently include an mTOR-I, which are positioned more commonly as alternative immunosuppressants. In clinical allotransplantation, long-term efficacy has been established, but there is a significant incidence of adverse events, for example, inhibition of wound healing, buccal ulceration, anemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and thrombocytopenia, some of which are dose-dependent. mTOR-Is have properties that may be especially beneficial in xenotransplantation. These include suppression of T cell proliferation, increases in the number of T regulatory cells, inhibition of pig graft growth, and anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-cancer effects. We here review the potential benefits and risks of mTOR-Is in xenotransplantation and suggest that the benefits exceed the adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Maenaka
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kohei Kinoshita
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammadi A, Mashayekhi K, Navashenaq JG, Haftcheshmeh SM. Curcumin as a Natural Modulator of B Lymphocytes: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2361-2370. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220304122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
B cells are the only player of humoral immune responses by the production of various types of antibodies. However, B cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, different types of B cell lymphoma have also been characterized. Selective depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 and other B cell-depleting agents in the clinic can improve a wide range of immune-mediated diseases. B cells' capacity to act as cytokine-producing cells explains how they can control immune cells' activity and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Thus, researchers investigated a safe, low-cost, and effective treatment modality for targeting B cells. In this respect, curcumin, the biologically active ingredient of turmeric, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Evidence showed that curcumin could affect various immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. However, there are few pieces of evidence about the effects of curcumin on B cells. This study aims to review the available evidence about curcumin's modulatory effects on B cells' proliferation, differentiation, and function in different states. Apart from normal B cells, the modulatory effects of curcumin on B cell lymphoma will also discuss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shahid S, Prockop SE. Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: beyond chemotherapy treatment. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:646-664. [PMID: 34485854 PMCID: PMC8415721 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare but life-threatening complication of both allogeneic solid organ (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The histology of PTLD ranges from benign polyclonal lymphoproliferation to a lesion indistinguishable from classic monoclonal lymphoma. Most commonly, PTLDs are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive and result from loss of immune surveillance over EBV. Treatment for PTLD differs from the treatment for typical non-Hodgkin lymphoma because prognostic factors are different, resistance to treatment is unique, and there are specific concerns for organ toxicity. While recipients of HCT have a limited time during which they are at risk for this complication, recipients of SOT have a lifelong requirement for immunosuppression, so approaches that limit compromising or help restore immune surveillance are of high interest. Furthermore, while EBV-positive and EBV-negative PTLDs are not intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy, the poor tolerance of chemotherapy in the post-transplant setting makes it essential to minimize potential treatment-related toxicities and explore alternative treatment algorithms. Therefore, reduced-toxicity approaches such as single-agent CD20 monoclonal antibodies or bortezomib, reduced dosing of standard chemotherapeutic agents, and non-chemotherapy-based approaches such as cytotoxic T cells have all been explored. Here, we review the chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy treatment landscape for PTLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan E. Prockop
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang W, Withers B, Sutrave G, Clancy LE, Yong MI, Blyth E. Pathogen-Specific T Cells Beyond CMV, EBV and Adenovirus. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 14:247-260. [PMID: 31228095 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-00521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Infectious diseases contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), particularly in the era of highly immunosuppressive transplant regimens and alternate donor transplants. Delayed cellular immune recovery is a major mechanism for the increased risk in these patients. Adoptive cell therapy with ex vivo manipulated pathogen-specific T cells (PSTs) is increasingly taking its place as a treatment strategy using donor-derived or third party-banked cells. RECENT FINDINGS The majority of clinical trial data in the form of early-phase studies has been in the prophylaxis or treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and adenovirus (AdV). Advancements in methods to select and enrich PSTs offer the opportunity to target the less common viral pathogens as well as fungi with this technology. Early clinical studies of PSTs targeting polyomaviruses (BK virus and JC virus), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Aspergillus spp. have shown promising results in small numbers of patients. Other potential targets include herpes simplex virus (HSV), respiratory viruses and other invasive fungal species. In this review, we describe the burden of disease of this wider spectrum of pathogens, the progress in the development of manufacturing capability, early clinical results and the opportunities and challenges for implementation in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Withers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Gaurav Sutrave
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,BMT and Cell Therapies Program, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leighton E Clancy
- Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, Westmead, Australia
| | - Michelle I Yong
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Blyth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia. .,Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia. .,BMT and Cell Therapies Program, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clausen ES, Zaffiri L. Infection prophylaxis and management of viral infection. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:415. [PMID: 32355859 PMCID: PMC7186616 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Importantly, several viral infections have been associated with the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARV) such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are frequently associated with acute and chronic rejection. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a significant burden in regards to morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is mostly involved with the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), a lymphoid proliferation that occurs in the setting of immunosuppression. On the other hand, the development of direct acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is changing the use of HCV-positive organs in transplantation. In this article we will focus on reviewing common viral infections that have a significant impact on lung transplant recipients looking at epidemiology, prevention and potential treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Clausen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lorenzo Zaffiri
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is one of the most serious complications leading to worse patient and graft outcomes. Hence, we summarize in this review relevant studies published about PTLD in the last 18 months. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have improved the knowledge about epidemiology, prophylaxis, diagnosis and PTLD treatment. Special interest has developed in improving the last PTLD classification of the World Health Organization, increasing the accuracy of diagnostic tests for EBV viral load quantification and discriminating the genetic differences between PTLD types. There seems to be no real advantage in the use of antiviral drugs for prophylaxis, but better results in therapeutic approaches are being obtained mainly with the use of rituximab with or without chemotherapy, but also with the possibility of using adoptive T-cell therapy or new drugs. SUMMARY PTLD continues being a complication that requires continued effort of the scientific community to reduce its incidence and to develop better diagnostic tests and new strategies that improve results in prophylaxis and treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bjornard KL, Leventaki V, Nichols K, Sandlund JT, Prockop S, Ehrhardt MJ. Two-year-old female with EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and subsequent CNS involvement with neurolymphomatosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27415. [PMID: 30151967 PMCID: PMC8244825 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a 2-year-old female who went on to develop relapsed/refractory central nervous system (CNS) disease, manifesting as cranial nerve neurolymphomatosis. Although her atypical presentation was thought to be associated with an immune deficiency, extensive work-up was negative. Despite subsequent treatment with third-party EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, she died of progressive disease. This case report raises questions as to whether tailored treatment approaches should be considered for atypical presentations of pediatric lymphoma (e.g., CNS and virus-associated).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari L. Bjornard
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Vasiliki Leventaki
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kim Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - John T. Sandlund
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Susan Prockop
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY
| | - Matthew J. Ehrhardt
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN,Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Arasaratnam RJ, Tzannou I, Gray T, Aguayo-Hiraldo PI, Kuvalekar M, Naik S, Gaikwad A, Liu H, Miloh T, Vera JF, Himes RW, Munoz FM, Leen AM. Dynamics of virus-specific T cell immunity in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:2238-2249. [PMID: 29900673 PMCID: PMC6117219 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppression following solid organ transplantation (SOT) has a deleterious effect on cellular immunity leading to frequent and prolonged viral infections. To better understand the relationship between posttransplant immunosuppression and circulating virus-specific T cells, we prospectively monitored the frequency and function of T cells directed to a range of latent (CMV, EBV, HHV6, BK) and lytic (AdV) viruses in 16 children undergoing liver transplantation for up to 1 year posttransplant. Following transplant, there was an immediate decline in circulating virus-specific T cells, which recovered posttransplant, coincident with the introduction and subsequent routine tapering of immunosuppression. Furthermore, 12 of 14 infections/reactivations that occurred posttransplant were successfully controlled with immunosuppression reduction (and/or antiviral use) and in all cases we detected a temporal increase in the circulating frequency of virus-specific T cells directed against the infecting virus, which was absent in 2 cases where infections remained uncontrolled by the end of follow-up. Our study illustrates the dynamic changes in virus-specific T cells that occur in children following liver transplantation, driven both by active viral replication and modulation of immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Arasaratnam
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Tzannou
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Gray
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P I Aguayo-Hiraldo
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Kuvalekar
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Naik
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Gaikwad
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Liu
- Biostatistics Core of the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Miloh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J F Vera
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R W Himes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F M Munoz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Section, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A M Leen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng W, Chen G, Jia H, He X, Jing Z. DDX5 RNA Helicases: Emerging Roles in Viral Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041122. [PMID: 29642538 PMCID: PMC5979547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD)-box polypeptide 5 (DDX5), also called p68, is a prototypical member of the large ATP-dependent RNA helicases family and is known to participate in all aspects of RNA metabolism ranging from transcription to translation, RNA decay, and miRNA processing. The roles of DDX5 in cell cycle regulation, tumorigenesis, apoptosis, cancer development, adipogenesis, Wnt-β-catenin signaling, and viral infection have been established. Several RNA viruses have been reported to hijack DDX5 to facilitate various steps of their replication cycles. Furthermore, DDX5 can be bounded by the viral proteins of some viruses with unknown functions. Interestingly, an antiviral function of DDX5 has been reported during hepatitis B virus and myxoma virus infection. Thus, the precise roles of this apparently multifaceted protein remain largely obscure. Here, we provide a rapid and critical overview of the structure and functions of DDX5 with a particular emphasis on its role during virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Guohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Huaijie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaobing He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| | - Zhizhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Górski A, Międzybrodzki R, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Bagińska N, Borysowski J. Perspectives of Phage-Eukaryotic Cell Interactions to Control Epstein-Barr Virus Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:630. [PMID: 29666617 PMCID: PMC5891836 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, leading medical journals emphasized the importance of further studies on the potential application of bacterial viruses (phages) for the treatment of antibiotics-resistant infections outlining the present status of the therapy and perspectives for the future. Furthermore, a leading scientific journal pointed to the recent progress in research on phage interactions with eukaryotic cells (especially cells of the immune system) and potential implications of their results for our broader understanding of the role of phages – not only as “bacteria eaters” – but also as an important part of our body defense protecting against external and internal pathogenic invaders (as suggested previously). This illustrates how our understanding of the actual role and potential of phages is expanding and how worldwide interest in their use in medicine is growing. In this article we envision how this advancement of our knowledge about phages could be translated into the progress in combating herpesvirus infections especially those caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Bagińska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Borysowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|