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Rong L, Wei W, Fang Y, Liu Y, Gao T, Wang L, Hao J, Gu X, Wu J, Wu W. Clinical-grade human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate diabetic retinopathy in db/db mice. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:606-615. [PMID: 38483364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), as evidenced by increasing preclinical and clinical studies. However, the absence of standardized and industrialized clinical-grade donor cells hampers the continued development and large-scale clinical application of MSCs-based therapies for DR. Previously, we have identified a unique population of MSCs generated from a clinical-grade human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions that could be a potential source to address the issues. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the clinical-grade hESC line-derived MSCs (hESC-MSCs) on db/db mice with DR. METHODS hESC-MSCs were initially characterized by morphological assessment, flow cytometry analysis and trilineage differentiation assays. These cells (5 × 106 cells) were then transplanted intravenously into 12-week-old db/db mice via tail vein, with phosphate-buffered saline transplantation and untreated groups used as controls. The retinal alterations in neural functions and microvascular perfusions, and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood and retina were evaluated at 4 and 6 weeks after transplantation using electroretinography, optical coherence tomography angiography and flow cytometry, respectively. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were also measured to investigate their systemic implications. RESULTS Compared with controls, intravenous transplantation of hESC-MSCs could significantly: (i) enhance impaired retinal electroretinography functions (including amplitudes of a-, b-wave and oscillatory potentials) at 4 weeks after transplantation; (ii) alleviate microvascular dysfunctions, especially in the inner retina with significance (including reducing non-perfusion area and increasing vascular area density) at 4 weeks after transplantation; (iii) decrease FBG levels at 4 weeks after transplantation and induce weight loss up to 6 weeks after transplantation and (iv) increase both peripheral blood and retinal interleukin-10 levels at 4 weeks after transplantation and modulate peripheral blood inflammatory cytokines and chemokines levels, such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1, up to 6 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study indicated that intravenous transplantation of hESC-MSCs ameliorated retinal neural and microvascular dysfunctions, regulated body weight and FBG and modulated peripheral blood and retinal inflammation responses in a mouse model of DR. These results suggest that hESC-MSCs could be a potentially effective clinical-grade cell source for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Rong
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, 3rd Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Fang
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, 3rd Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Airforce Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianliang Gu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, 3rd Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Rendra E, Crigna AT, Daniele C, Sticht C, Cueppers M, Kluth MA, Ganss C, Frank MH, Gretz N, Bieback K. Clinical-grade human skin-derived ABCB5+ mesenchymal stromal cells exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and modulate mRNA expression in a cisplatin-induced kidney injury murine model. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1228928. [PMID: 38274791 PMCID: PMC10808769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid reduction in renal function and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The broadly used anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin often induces AKI as an adverse drug side effect. Therapies targeted at the reversal of AKI and its potential progression to chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease are currently insufficiently effective. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess diverse immunomodulatory properties that confer upon them significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of diverse inflammatory disorders. Human dermal MSCs expressing ATP-Binding Cassette member B5 (ABCB5) have shown therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials in chronic skin wounds or recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. In preclinical studies, ABCB5+ MSCs have also shown to reverse metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidney cells, suggesting a capacity for this cell subset to improve also organ function in kidney diseases. Here, we aimed to explore the therapeutic capacity of ABCB5+ MSCs to improve renal function in a preclinical rat model of cisplatin-induced AKI. First, the anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory capacity was compared against research-grade adipose stromal cells (ASCs). Then, cross-species immunomodulatory capacity was checked, testing first inhibition of mitogen-driven peripheral blood mononuclear cells and then modulation of macrophage function. Finally, therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in a cisplatin AKI model. First, ABCB5+ MSCs suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis of human conditionally-immortalized proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro, most likely by reducing oxidative stress. Second, ABCB5+ MSCs inhibited the proliferation of either human or rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the human system via the Indoleamine/kynurenine axis and in the murine context via nitric oxide/nitrite. Third, ABCB5+ MSCs decreased TNF-α secretion after lipopolysaccharide stimulation and modulated phagocytosis and in both human and rat macrophages, involving prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β1, respectively. Fourth, clinical-grade ABCB5+ MSCs grafted intravenously and intraperitoneally to a cisplatin-induced AKI murine model exerted modulatory effects on mRNA expression patterns toward an anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative state despite an apparent lack of amelioration of renal damage at physiologic, metabolic, and histologic levels. Our results demonstrate anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative effects of clinical grade ABCB5+ MSCs in vitro and in vivo and suggest potential therapeutic utility of this cell population for treatment or prevention of cisplatin chemotherapy-induced tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rendra
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adriana Torres Crigna
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cristina Daniele
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Centre, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Centre, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maike Cueppers
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus H. Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Centre, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Finocchio L, Zeppieri M, Gabai A, Spadea L, Salati C. Recent Advances of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Retinal Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7015. [PMID: 38002628 PMCID: PMC10672618 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of stem cell research in modern times, stem cell-based therapy has opened a new era of tissue regeneration, becoming one of the most promising strategies for currently untreatable retinal diseases. Among the various sources of stem cells, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality due to their characteristics and multiple functions, which include immunoregulation, anti-apoptosis of neurons, cytokine and growth factor secretion, and antioxidative activities. Studies have shown that ADSCs can facilitate the replacement of dying cells, promote tissue remodeling and regeneration, and support the survival and growth of retinal cells. Recent studies in this field have provided numerous experiments using different preclinical models. The aim of our review is to provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies, modern-day clinical trials, experimental models, and potential clinical use of this fascinating class of cells in addressing retinal disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Finocchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Andrea Gabai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
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Skovronova R, Scaccia E, Calcat-I-Cervera S, Bussolati B, O'Brien T, Bieback K. Adipose stromal cells bioproducts as cell-free therapies: manufacturing and therapeutic dose determine in vitro functionality. J Transl Med 2023; 21:723. [PMID: 37840135 PMCID: PMC10577984 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EV) are considered a cell-free alternative to mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy. Numerous reports describe the efficacy of EV in conferring immunomodulation and promoting angiogenesis, yet others report these activities to be conveyed in EV-free bioproducts. We hypothesized that this discrepancy may depend either on the method of isolation or rather the relative impact of the individual bioactive components within the MSC secretome. METHODS To answer this question, we performed an inter-laboratory study evaluating EV generated from adipose stromal cells (ASC) by either sequential ultracentrifugation (UC) or size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The effect of both EV preparations on immunomodulation and angiogenesis in vitro was compared to that of the whole secretome and of the EV-free protein fraction after SEC isolation. RESULTS In the current study, neither the EV preparations, the secretome or the protein fraction were efficacious in inhibiting mitogen-driven T cell proliferation. However, EV generated by SEC stimulated macrophage phagocytic activity to a similar extent as the secretome. In turn, tube formation and wound healing were strongly promoted by the ASC secretome and protein fraction, but not by EV. Within the secretome/protein fraction, VEGF was identified as a potential driver of angiogenesis, and was absent in both EV preparations. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the effects of ASC on immunomodulation and angiogenesis are EV-independent. Specific ASC-EV effects need to be dissected for their use as cell-free therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Skovronova
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scaccia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.107, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Calcat-I-Cervera
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.107, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Mannheim Institute of Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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Protective Effects of Human Pericyte-like Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Human Retinal Endothelial Cells in an In Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy: Evidence for Autologous Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020913. [PMID: 36674425 PMCID: PMC9860961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by morphologic and metabolic alterations in endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The loss of interendothelial junctions, increased vascular permeability, microaneurysms, and finally, EC detachment are the main features of DR. In this scenario, a pivotal role is played by the extensive loss of PCs. Based on previous results, the aim of this study was to assess possible beneficial effects exerted by adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and their pericyte-like differentiated phenotype (P-ASCs) on human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in high glucose conditions (25 mM glucose, HG). P-ASCs were more able to preserve BRB integrity than ASCs in terms of (a) increased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER); (b) increased expression of adherens junction and tight junction proteins (VE-cadherin and ZO-1); (c) reduction in mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-9; (d) reduction in the angiogenic factor VEGF and in fibrotic TGF-β1. Moreover, P-ASCs counteracted the HG-induced activation of the pro-inflammatory phospho-ERK1/2/phospho-cPLA2/COX-2 pathway. Finally, crosstalk between HRECs and ASCs or P-ASCs based on the PDGF-B/PDGFR-β axis at the mRNA level is described herein. Thus, P-ASCs might be considered valuable candidates for therapeutic approaches aimed at countering BRB disruption in DR.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Dendritic Cell Functions in Dry Eye Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010033. [PMID: 36611828 PMCID: PMC9818747 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the therapeutic efficacy of Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) and its inhibition of the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) in dry eye disease (DED). MSC-EVs were isolated from the culture supernatants of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and characterized. In vitro, human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium to simulate the DED hyperosmotic environment and treated with MSC-EVs. Cell viability was assessed, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines was quantified. Next, we induced DED in female C57BL/6 mice and divided the mice into groups treated with either MSC-EVs or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) eye drops. Disease severity was assessed; mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by RT-PCR; and Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Lastly, we evaluated DCs by immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis to assess its amounts and maturation. MSC-EVs showed protective effects on HCECs under hyperosmotic stress in vitro, suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, mice topically treated with MSC-Evs presented reduced DED disease severity compared to PBS-treated mice. MSC-Evs downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as the frequency of Th17 cells. Further investigation showed that MSC-EVs suppressed the increase of amounts and the maturation of DCs in DED. Changes of morphological characters of DCs were also inhibited by MSC-EVs. Our study revealed that MSC-EVs suppressed ocular surface inflammation by inhibiting DCs activation-mediated Th17 immune responses, explicating the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs in DED and other ocular surface diseases.
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Liu S, Ju Y, Gu P. Experiment-Based Interventions to Diabetic Retinopathy: Present and Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137005. [PMID: 35806008 PMCID: PMC9267063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the major blinding disease among working-age populations, which is becoming more significant due to the growth of diabetes. The metabolic-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress leads to the insult of neovascular unit, resulting in the core pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. Existing therapies focus on the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis phenomena of diabetic retinopathy, without effect to radically cure the disease. This review also summarizes novel therapeutic attempts for diabetic retinopathy along with their advantages and disadvantages, mainly focusing on those using cellular and genetic techniques to achieve remission on a fundamental level of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence:
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Angiogenin Levels and Their Association with Cardiometabolic Indices Following Vitamin D Status Correction in Saudi Adults. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020286. [PMID: 35205153 PMCID: PMC8868634 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Angiogenin (ANG) is a small 123 amino acid protein which in normal growth is associated with formation of new blood vessels in a process called angiogenesis; however, the abnormal levels of this protein in blood has been associated with diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency and elevated levels of blood lipids have also been associated with many diseases including cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the investigators tried to evaluate the relationship between the circulating levels of ANG, vitamin D, and lipids. The model used was vitamin D supplementation of deficient Saudi adults in order to find the effect of vitamin D correction on circulating levels of ANG and blood lipids. With vitamin D supplementation, modest but non-significant elevation in ANG was observed, as well as significant increase in apolipoproteins CIII and E and significant decrease in apo B. In addition, the correlation between circulating levels of ANG and apolipoproteins especially apo E observed in this study are interesting and should be investigated more as both are linked with neurologic disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Abstract Angiogenin (ANG), a multifunctional protein known to induce blood vessel formation, is a potential biomarker for cardiovascular diseases; however, whether it is affected by vitamin D supplementation is not known. This interventional study in vitamin D-deficient Saudi adults was designed to investigate it. A total of 100 vitamin D-deficient Saudi adults aged 30–50 years were randomly selected to undergo 6-month vitamin D supplementation. Circulating levels of fasting glucose, lipids, vitamin D, apolipoproteins (AI, AII, B, CI, CII, CIII, E, and H), and ANG were measured using commercially available assays at baseline and after six months. Overall, vitamin D levels increased significantly post intervention. With this, levels of apo-CIII and apo-E significantly increased (p-values of 0.001 and 0.009, respectively) with a significant parallel decrease in apo-B (p = 0.003). ANG levels were significantly positively associated with most apolipoproteins and inversely correlated with HDL-cholesterol. Post intervention, the changes in ANG levels were positively correlated with apo-E (r = 0.32; p < 0.01 in all subjects and r = 0.40; p < 0.05 in males). Vitamin D supplementation may modestly affect ANG levels. The association observed between ANG and apo-E is worthy of further investigation since both biomarkers have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Angiogenesis in diabetic mouse model with critical limb ischemia; cell and gene therapy. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Mannino G, Cristaldi M, Giurdanella G, Perrotta RE, Lo Furno D, Giuffrida R, Rusciano D. ARPE-19 conditioned medium promotes neural differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1783-1796. [PMID: 34909123 PMCID: PMC8641022 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been increasingly explored for cell-based medicine because of their numerous advantages in terms of easy availability, high proliferation rate, multipotent differentiation ability and low immunogenicity. In this respect, they have been widely investigated in the last two decades to develop therapeutic strategies for a variety of human pathologies including eye disease. In ocular diseases involving the retina, various cell types may be affected, such as Müller cells, astrocytes, photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which plays a fundamental role in the homeostasis of retinal tissue, by secreting a variety of growth factors that support retinal cells.
AIM To test ASC neural differentiation using conditioned medium (CM) from an RPE cell line (ARPE-19).
METHODS ASCs were isolated from adipose tissue, harvested from the subcutaneous region of healthy donors undergoing liposuction procedures. Four ASC culture conditions were investigated: ASCs cultured in basal Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM); ASCs cultured in serum-free DMEM; ASCs cultured in serum-free DMEM/F12; and ASCs cultured in a CM from ARPE-19, a spontaneously arising cell line with a normal karyotype derived from a human RPE. Cell proliferation rate and viability were assessed by crystal violet and MTT assays at 1, 4 and 8 d of culture. At the same time points, ASC neural differentiation was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis for typical neuronal and glial markers: Nestin, neuronal specific enolase (NSE), protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
RESULTS Depending on the culture medium, ASC proliferation rate and viability showed some significant differences. Overall, less dense populations were observed in serum-free cultures, except for ASCs cultured in ARPE-19 serum-free CM. Moreover, a different cell morphology was seen in these cultures after 8 d of treatment, with more elongated cells, often showing cytoplasmic ramifications. Immunofluorescence results and western blot analysis were indicative of ASC neural differentiation. In fact, basal levels of neural markers detected under control conditions significantly increased when cells were cultured in ARPE-19 CM. Specifically, neural marker overexpression was more marked at 8 d. The most evident increase was observed for NSE and GFAP, a modest increase was observed for nestin, and less relevant changes were observed for PGP9.5.
CONCLUSION The presence of growth factors produced by ARPE-19 cells in tissue culture induces ASCs to express neural differentiation markers typical of the neuronal and glial cells of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, CT, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, CT, Italy
| | - Rosario Emanuele Perrotta
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania 95100, CT, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, CT, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, CT, Italy
| | - Dario Rusciano
- Research Center, SOOFT-Italia S.p.A., Catania 95123, CT, Italy
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11
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Xu Z, Tian N, Li S, Li K, Guo H, Zhang H, Jin H, An M, Yu X. Extracellular vesicles secreted from mesenchymal stem cells exert anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects via transmitting microRNA-18b in rats with diabetic retinopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108234. [PMID: 34655847 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of visual deficits and blindness in the working-age population and inflammatory response is a key event during DR. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in a diabetic rat model and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. After development of DR in rats subjected to diabetes induction with streptozotocin (STZ), the DR rats were treated with different concentrations of hUCMSC-sEVs. Our results showed that the treatment of the retinas of DR rats with hUCMSC-sEVs not only reduced the level of vascular leakage in the retinas of rats but also decreased the retinal thickness as well as the associated inflammation. Further, our in vitro evidences suggest that hUCMSC-sEVs repress high glucose (HG)-induced cell inflammation and apoptosis. Subsequently, we analyzed the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the hUCMSC-sEVs by microarray and performed in silico studies to predict the target mRNA of miR-18b. Our findings also revealed that the expression of miR-18b was significantly elevated in the retina of diabetic rats after sEV treatment. In addition, miR-18b was found to target mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1), thereby inhibiting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation to alleviate DR. Overall, this study highlights the potential of hUCMSCs-sEVs as biomaterials for anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in DR by transferring miR-18b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of TCM, Jiangmen 529000, Guangdong, China; The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510504, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510504, Guangdong, China.
| | - Songtao Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510504, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunmeng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510504, Guangdong, China
| | - Haike Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Heping Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai No. 10 People's Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meixia An
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510504, Guangdong, China
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Adak S, Magdalene D, Deshmukh S, Das D, Jaganathan BG. A Review on Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Retinal Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1154-1173. [PMID: 33410097 PMCID: PMC7787584 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been studied extensively for the treatment of several retinal diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs lies in its ability to differentiate into multiple lineages and secretome enriched with immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. Several studies have reported the role of MSCs in repair and regeneration of the damaged retina where the secreted factors from MSCs prevent retinal degeneration, improve retinal morphology and function. MSCs also donate mitochondria to rescue the function of retinal cells and exosomes secreted by MSCs were found to have anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on several promising results obtained from the preclinical studies, several clinical trials were initiated to explore the potential advantages of MSCs for the treatment of retinal diseases. This review summarizes the various properties of MSCs that help to repair and restore the damaged retinal cells and its potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjucta Adak
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Damaris Magdalene
- Department of Strabismus, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Saurabh Deshmukh
- Department of Strabismus, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dipankar Das
- Department of Pathology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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13
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Mannino G, Russo C, Longo A, Anfuso CD, Lupo G, Lo Furno D, Giuffrida R, Giurdanella G. Potential therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of eye diseases. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:632-644. [PMID: 34249232 PMCID: PMC8246249 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based treatments have been extensively explored in the last few decades to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at providing effective alternatives for those human pathologies in which surgical or pharmacological therapies produce limited effects. Among stem cells of different sources, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer several advantages, such as the absence of ethical concerns, easy harvesting, low immunogenicity and reduced tumorigenesis risks. Other than a multipotent differentiation ability, MSCs can release extracellular vesicles conveying proteins, mRNA and microRNA. Thanks to these properties, new therapeutic approaches have been designed for the treatment of various pathologies, including ocular diseases. In this review, the use of different MSCs and different administration strategies are described for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinitis pigmentosa. In a large number of investigations, positive results have been obtained by in vitro experiments and by MSC administration in animal models. Most authors agree that beneficial effects are likely related to MSC paracrine activity. Based on these considerations, many clinical trials have already been carried out. Overall, although some adverse effects have been described, promising outcomes are reported. It can be assumed that in the near future, safer and more effective protocols will be developed for more numerous clinical applications to improve the quality of life of patients affected by eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Anna Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giurdanella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
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14
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Elevated levels of fasting serum GIP may be protective factors for diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-00940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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15
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Kremer H, Gebauer J, Elvers-Hornung S, Uhlig S, Hammes HP, Beltramo E, Steeb L, Harmsen MC, Sticht C, Klueter H, Bieback K, Fiori A. Pro-angiogenic Activity Discriminates Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells From Retinal Pericytes: Considerations for Cell-Based Therapy of Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:387. [PMID: 32582693 PMCID: PMC7295949 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent diabetes-associated complication. Pericyte dropout can cause increased vascular permeability and contribute to vascular occlusion. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) have been suggested to replace pericytes and restore microvascular support as potential therapy of DR. In models of DR, ASC not only generated a cytoprotective and reparative environment by the secretion of trophic factors but also engrafted and integrated into the retina in a pericyte-like fashion. The aim of this study was to compare the pro-angiogenic features of human ASC and human retinal microvascular pericytes (HRMVPC) in vitro. The proliferation and the expression of ASC and HRMVPC markers were compared. Adhesion to high glucose-conditioned endothelial extracellular matrix, mimicking the diabetic microenvironment, was measured. The angiogenesis-promoting features of both cell types and their conditioned media on human retinal endothelial cells (EC) were assessed. To identify a molecular basis for the observed differences, gene expression profiling was performed using whole-genome microarrays, and data were validated using PCR arrays and flow cytometry. Based on multiplex cytokine results, functional studies on selected growth factors were performed to assess their role in angiogenic support. Despite a distinct heterogeneity in ASC and HRMVPC cultures with an overlap of expressed markers, ASC differed functionally from HRMVPC. Most importantly, the pro-angiogenic activity was solely featured by ASC, whereas HRMVPC actively suppressed vascular network formation. HRMVPC, in contrast to ASC, showed impaired adhesion and proliferation on the high glucose-conditioned endothelial extracellular matrix. These data were supported by gene expression profiles with differentially expressed genes. The vessel-stabilizing factors were more highly expressed in HRMVPC, and the angiogenesis-promoting factors were more highly expressed in ASC. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibition efficiently abolished the ASC angiogenic supportive capacities, whereas the addition of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 did not alter these effects. Our results clearly show that ASC are pro-angiogenic, whereas HRMVPC are marked by anti-angiogenic/EC-stabilizing features. These data support ASC as pericyte replacement in DR but also suggest a careful risk-to-benefit analysis to take full advantage of the ASC therapeutic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Kremer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julian Gebauer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Elvers-Hornung
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Uhlig
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany.,FlowCore Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena Beltramo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Martin C Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Klueter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany.,FlowCore Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,HEiKA-Heidelberg Karlsruhe Strategic Partnership, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnese Fiori
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany.,HEiKA-Heidelberg Karlsruhe Strategic Partnership, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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