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Vales JP, Barbaric I. Culture-acquired genetic variation in human pluripotent stem cells: Twenty years on. Bioessays 2024:e2400062. [PMID: 38873900 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Genetic changes arising in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) upon culture may bestow unwanted or detrimental phenotypes to cells, thus potentially impacting on the applications of hPSCs for clinical use and basic research. In the 20 years since the first report of culture-acquired genetic aberrations in hPSCs, a characteristic spectrum of recurrent aberrations has emerged. The preponderance of such aberrations implies that they provide a selective growth advantage to hPSCs upon expansion. However, understanding the consequences of culture-acquired variants for specific applications in cell therapy or research has been more elusive. The rapid progress of hPSC-based therapies to clinics is galvanizing the field to address this uncertainty and provide definitive ways both for risk assessment of variants and reducing their prevalence in culture. Here, we aim to provide a timely update on almost 20 years of research on this fascinating, but a still unresolved and concerning, phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Vales
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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2
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Kikuchi T, Nishimura M, Komori N, Iizuka N, Otoi T, Matsumoto S. Development and characterization of islet-derived mesenchymal stem cells from clinical grade neonatal porcine cryopreserved islets. Xenotransplantation 2024; 31:e12831. [PMID: 37846880 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine tissues display a great potential as donor tissues in xenotransplantation, including cell therapy. Cryopreserving clinical grade porcine tissue and using it as a source for establishing therapeutic cells should be advantageous for transportation and scheduled manufacturing of MSCs. Of note, we previously performed encapsulated porcine islet transplantation for the treatment of unstable type 1 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting. It has been reported that co-transplantation of islets and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhanced efficacy. We assume that co-transplantation of porcine islets and porcine islet-derived MSCs could improve the efficacy of clinical islet xenotransplantation. METHODS MSCs were established from fresh and cryopreserved non-clinical grade neonatal porcine islets and bone marrow (termed non-clinical grade npISLET-MSCs and npBM-MSCs, respectively), as well as from cryopreserved clinical grade neonatal porcine islets (termed clinical grade npISLET-MSCs). Subsequently, the cell proliferation rate and diameter, surface marker expression, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and colony-forming efficiency of the MSCs were assessed. RESULTS Cell proliferation rate and diameter did not differ between clinical grade and non-clinical grade npISLET-MSCs. However, non-clinical grade npBM-MSCs were significantly shorter and smaller than both npISLET-MSCs (p < 0.05). MSC markers (CD29, CD44, and CD90) were strongly expressed in clinical grade npISLET-MSCs and non-clinical grade npISLET-MSCs and npBM-MSCs. The expression of MSC-negative markers CD31, CD34, and SLA-DR was low in all MSCs. Clinical grade npISLET-MSCs derived from adipose and osteoid tissues were positive for Oil Red and alkaline phosphatase staining. The results of colony-forming assay were not significantly different between clinical grade npISLET-MSCs and non-clinical grade npBM-MSCs. CONCLUSION The method described herein was successful in of developing clinical grade npISLET-MSCs from cryopreserved islets. Cryopreserved clinical grade porcine islets could be an excellent stable source of MSCs for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kikuchi
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Nishimura
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsuki Komori
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naho Iizuka
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshige Otoi
- Bio-Innovation Research Center, Tokushima University, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Matsumoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Naruto, Tokushima, Japan
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3
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Wu Y, Zhang Z, Wu S, Chen Z, Pu Y. Estimating residual undifferentiated cells in human chemically induced pluripotent stem cell derived islets using lncRNA as biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16435. [PMID: 37777562 PMCID: PMC10542758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can generate insulin-producing beta cells for diabetes treatment, but residual undifferentiated cells may cause tumors. We developed a highly sensitive assay to detect these cells in islet cells derived from human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (hCiPSCs), which are transgene-free and safer. We used RNA-seq data to find protein-coding and non-coding RNAs that were only expressed in hCiPSCs, not in islet cells. We confirmed these biomarkers by RT-qPCR and ddPCR. We chose long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) markers, which performed better than protein-coding RNA markers. We found that LNCPRESS2, LINC00678 and LOC105370482 could detect 1, 1 and 3 hCiPSCs in 106 islet cells by ddPCR, respectively. We tested our method on several hCiPSC lines, which could quantify 0.0001% undifferentiated cell in 106 islet cells by targeting hCiPSCs-specific lncRNA transcripts, ensuring the safety and quality of hCiPSC-derived islet cells for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wu
- Hangzhou Reprogenix Bioscience Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Hangzhou Reprogenix Bioscience Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- Hangzhou Reprogenix Bioscience Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Hangzhou Reprogenix Bioscience Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yue Pu
- Hangzhou Reprogenix Bioscience Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
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Hirai T, Yasuda S, Umezawa A, Sato Y. Country-specific regulation and international standardization of cell-based therapeutic products derived from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1573-1591. [PMID: 37557074 PMCID: PMC10444560 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, many types of cell-based therapeutic products (CTPs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are being developed in a lot of countries, some of which are in clinical trial stages. CTPs are classified differently in different countries and regions. The evaluation of their efficacy, safety, and quality also differs from that for conventional small-molecule drugs and biopharmaceuticals, which reflects the complex properties of living cells and unmet medical needs. Since there are no international guidelines to evaluate CTPs, including PSC-derived products, it is necessary to be aware of differences in relevant laws and regulations in different countries and regions. International consortia are organized and actively working to standardize/harmonize the evaluation methods and regulations to facilitate the development and global distribution of PSC-derived CTPs. In this paper, we outline the regulations related to PSC-derived CTPs in the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use founding regions (US, EU/UK, Japan) and introduce representative consortia working on their standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Hirai
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Wang Z. Assessing Tumorigenicity in Stem Cell-Derived Therapeutic Products: A Critical Step in Safeguarding Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:857. [PMID: 37508884 PMCID: PMC10376867 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to proliferate and differentiate into various cell types. However, their self-renewal and multipotency also raise concerns about their tumorigenicity during and post-therapy. Indeed, multiple studies have reported the presence of stem cell-derived tumors in animal models and clinical administrations. Therefore, the assessment of tumorigenicity is crucial in evaluating the safety of stem cell-derived therapeutic products. Ideally, the assessment needs to be performed rapidly, sensitively, cost-effectively, and scalable. This article reviews various approaches for assessing tumorigenicity, including animal models, soft agar culture, PCR, flow cytometry, and microfluidics. Each method has its advantages and limitations. The selection of the assay depends on the specific needs of the study and the stage of development of the stem cell-derived therapeutic product. Combining multiple assays may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity. Future developments should focus on the optimization and standardization of microfluidics-based methods, as well as the integration of multiple assays into a single platform for efficient and comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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6
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Watanabe T, Yasuda S, Chen CL, Delsing L, Fellows MD, Foldes G, Kusakawa S, Mouriès LP, Sato Y. International evaluation study of a highly efficient culture assay for detection of residual human pluripotent stem cells in cell therapies. Regen Med 2023; 18:219-227. [PMID: 36852420 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim & methods: The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Cell Therapy-TRAcking, Circulation & Safety Technical Committee launched an international, multisite study to evaluate the sensitivity and reproducibility of the highly efficient culture (HEC) assay, an in vitro assay to detect residual undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in cell therapy products. Results: All facilities detected colonies of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) when five hiPSCs were spiked into 1 million hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Spiking with a trace amount of hiPSCs revealed that repeatability accounts for the majority of reproducibility while the true positive rate was high. Conclusion: The results indicate that the HEC assay is highly sensitive and robust and can be generally applicable for tumorigenicity evaluation of hPSC-derived cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Watanabe
- Drug Safety Research & Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Connie L Chen
- Health & Environmental Sciences Institute, 740 Fifteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Louise Delsing
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43150, Sweden
| | - Mick D Fellows
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building 310, Milton Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 OWG, UK
| | - Gabor Foldes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W120NN, UK.,Current address, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Shinji Kusakawa
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Lucilia Pereira Mouriès
- Health & Environmental Sciences Institute, 740 Fifteenth Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Tsujimoto H, Osafune K. Current status and future directions of clinical applications using iPS cells-focus on Japan. FEBS J 2022; 289:7274-7291. [PMID: 34407307 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine using iPS cell technologies has progressed remarkably in recent years. In this review, we summarize these technologies and their clinical application. First, we discuss progress in the establishment of iPS cells, including the HLA-homo iPS cell stock project in Japan and the advancement of low antigenic iPS cells using genome-editing technology. Then, we describe iPS cell-based therapies in or approaching clinical application, including those for ophthalmological, neurological, cardiac, hematological, cartilage, and metabolic diseases. Next, we introduce disease models generated from patient iPS cells and successfully used to identify therapeutic agents for intractable diseases. Clinical medicine using iPS cells has advanced safely and effectively by making full use of current scientific standards, but tests on cell safety need to be further developed and validated. The next decades will see the further spread of iPS cell technology-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tsujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,RegeNephro Co., Ltd., MIC bldg. Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Tsujimoto H, Katagiri N, Ijiri Y, Sasaki B, Kobayashi Y, Mima A, Ryosaka M, Furuyama K, Kawaguchi Y, Osafune K. In vitro methods to ensure absence of residual undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells intermingled in induced nephron progenitor cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275600. [PMID: 36378656 PMCID: PMC9665373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) are expected to ameliorate acute kidney injury (AKI). However, using hiPSC-derived NPCs clinically is a challenge because hiPSCs themselves are tumorigenic. LIN28A, ESRG, CNMD and SFRP2 transcripts have been used as a marker of residual hiPSCs for a variety of cell types undergoing clinical trials. In this study, by reanalyzing public databases, we found a baseline expression of LIN28A, ESRG, CNMD and SFRP2 in hiPSC-derived NPCs and several other cell types, suggesting LIN28A, ESRG, CNMD and SFRP2 are not always reliable markers for iPSC detection. As an alternative, we discovered a lncRNA marker gene, MIR302CHG, among many known and unknown iPSC markers, as highly differentially expressed between hiPSCs and NPCs, by RNA sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses. Using MIR302CHG as an hiPSC marker, we constructed two assay methods, a combination of magnetic bead-based enrichment and qRT-PCR and digital droplet PCR alone, to detect a small number of residual hiPSCs in NPC populations. The use of these in vitro assays could contribute to patient safety in treatments using hiPSC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tsujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (KO); (HT)
| | - Naoko Katagiri
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ijiri
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ben Sasaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Mima
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Ryosaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Rege Nephro Co., Ltd., Med-Pharm Collaboration Building, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (KO); (HT)
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Highly sensitive and non-disruptive detection of residual undifferentiated cells by measuring miRNAs in culture supernatant. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10351. [PMID: 35725891 PMCID: PMC9209417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical usage of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived regenerative medicine products is limited by the possibility of residual undifferentiated cells forming tumours after transplantation. Most of the existing quality control tests involve crushing of cells. As a result, the cells to be transplanted cannot be directly tested, thereby increasing the cost of transplantation. Therefore, we tested a highly sensitive and non-disruptive quality-testing method that involves measuring microRNAs (miRNAs) in culture supernatants released by cells. By measuring miR-302b in the culture supernatant, residual iPSCs were detected with higher sensitivity than by measuring LIN28 (Lin-28 Homolog A) in the cells. To use this method, we also monitored the progression of differentiation. Our novel highly sensitive and non-disruptive method for detecting residual undifferentiated cells will contribute to reducing the manufacturing cost of iPSC-derived products and improving the safety of transplantation.
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10
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Yasui R, Matsui A, Sekine K, Okamoto S, Taniguchi H. Highly Sensitive Detection of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2995-3007. [PMID: 35661077 PMCID: PMC9622575 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
For safe regenerative medicines, contaminated or remaining tumorigenic undifferentiated cells in cell-derived products must be rigorously assessed through sensitive assays. Although in vitro nucleic acid tests offer particularly sensitive tumorigenicity-associated assays, the human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) detectability is partly constrained by the small input amount of RNA per test. To overcome this limitation, we developed reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays that are highly gene specific and robust against interfering materials. LAMP could readily assay microgram order of input sample per test and detected an equivalent model of 0.00002% hiPSC contamination in a simple one-pot reaction. For the evaluation of cell-derived total RNA, RT-LAMP detected spiked-in hPSCs among hPSC-derived trilineage cells utilizing multiple pluripotency RNAs. We also developed multiplex RT-LAMP assays and further applied for in situ cell imaging, achieving specific co-staining of pluripotency proteins and RNAs. Our attempts uncovered the utility of RT-LAMP approaches for tumorigenicity-associated assays, supporting practical applications of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yasui
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Nogi, Tochigi, 329-0114, Japan
| | - Atsuka Matsui
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-0036, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Systems, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Okamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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Morita Y, Kishino Y, Fukuda K, Tohyama S. Scalable manufacturing of clinical-grade differentiated cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative therapy. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13248. [PMID: 35534945 PMCID: PMC9357358 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic research on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) for cardiac regenerative therapy is one of the most active and complex fields to achieve this alternative to heart transplantation and requires the integration of medicine, science, and engineering. Mortality in patients with heart failure remains high worldwide. Although heart transplantation is the sole strategy for treating severe heart failure, the number of donors is limited. Therefore, hPSC‐derived CM (hPSC‐CM) transplantation is expected to replace heart transplantation. To achieve this goal, for basic research, various issues should be considered, including how to induce hPSC proliferation efficiently for cardiac differentiation, induce hPSC‐CMs, eliminate residual undifferentiated hPSCs and non‐CMs, and assess for the presence of residual undifferentiated hPSCs in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss the current stage of resolving these issues and future directions for realizing hPSC‐based cardiac regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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A selective cytotoxic adenovirus vector for concentration of pluripotent stem cells in human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11407. [PMID: 34075124 PMCID: PMC8169681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive detection of residual undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells is essential for the quality and safety of cell-processed therapeutic products derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We previously reported the generation of an adenovirus (Ad) vector and adeno-associated virus vectors that possess a suicide gene, inducible Caspase 9 (iCasp9), which makes it possible to sensitively detect undifferentiated hiPSCs in cultures of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. In this study, we investigated whether these vectors also allow for detection of undifferentiated hiPSCs in preparations of hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiPSC-NPCs), which have been expected to treat neurological disorders. To detect undifferentiated hiPSCs, the expression of pluripotent stem cell markers was determined by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Using immortalized NPCs as a model, the Ad vector was identified to be the most efficient among the vectors tested in detecting undifferentiated hiPSCs. Moreover, we found that the Ad vector killed most hiPSC-NPCs in an iCasp9-dependent manner, enabling flow cytometry to detect undifferentiated hiPSCs intermingled at a lower concentration (0.002%) than reported previously (0.1%). These data indicate that the Ad vector selectively eliminates hiPSC-NPCs, thus allowing for sensitive detection of hiPSCs. This cytotoxic viral vector could contribute to ensuring the quality and safety of hiPSCs-NPCs for therapeutic use.
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