1
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Dev PP, Verma P. A case of successful treatment of concurrent verrucous epidermal naevi and psoriasis with apremilast. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:e299-e301. [PMID: 37067296 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
In a rare case of concurrent verrucous epidermal naevi (VEN) with psoriasis, previous treatments with oral methotrexate and acitretin showed minimal improvement. However, treatment with oral apremilast resulted in complete resolution of psoriasis and significant improvement in VEN lesions after 1 month. This is the first documented case of successful VEN treatment with apremilast, highlighting its potential efficacy in treating verrucous epidermal naevus. Further studies are needed to validate its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin P Dev
- Department of Dermatology & STD, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Verma
- Department of Dermatology & STD, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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2
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Superficial shaving combined with photodynamic therapy for treating verrucous epidermal nevi: A case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103333. [PMID: 36764641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Verrucous epidermal nevi is a refractory skin disease. Photodynamic therapy is considered a third-line treatment for verrucous epidermal nevi due to its unstable efficacy and high recurrence rate, mainly because of its limited depth of penetration. In this case, we conducted a successful treatment using superficial shaving combined with photodynamic therapy to treat verrucous epidermal nevi and gained a satisfactory efficacy. Before photodynamic therapy treatment, the epidermis in situ of each lesion in the tissue is removed with superficial shaving. Removal of the epidermal layer by intentional in situ injury improves the diffusion and absorption of topically applied photosensitizers and enhances the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. Our results show that photodynamic therapy combined with superficial shaving maybe is a safe and effective treatment for verrucous epidermal nevi.
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3
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Recent Clinical and Preclinical Advances in External Stimuli-Responsive Therapies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010173. [PMID: 36614974 PMCID: PMC9821160 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has long been one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide; even though treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy have been proven to benefit the patients and prolong their survival time, the overall five-year survival rate is still below 50%. Hence, the development of new therapies for better patient management is an urgent need. External stimuli-responsive therapies are emerging therapies with promising antitumor effects; therapies such as photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal therapies (PTT) have been tested clinically in late-stage HNSCC patients and have achieved promising outcomes, while the clinical translation of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), radiodynamic therapy (RDT), microwave dynamic/thermodynamic therapy, and magnetothermal/magnetodynamic therapy (MDT/MTT) still lag behind. In terms of preclinical studies, PDT and PTT are also the most extensively studied therapies. The designing of nanoparticles and combinatorial therapies of PDT and PTT can be referenced in designing other stimuli-responsive therapies in order to achieve better antitumor effects as well as less toxicity. In this review, we consolidate the advancements and limitations of various external stimuli-responsive therapies, as well as critically discuss the prospects of this type of therapies in HNSCC treatments.
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4
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Vadera K, Phiske M, Someshwar S. Ipsilateral Verrucous Epidermal Nevus with Woolly Hair Nevus: A Unique Association. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:470-472. [PMID: 36578735 PMCID: PMC9792055 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_294_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kopal Vadera
- From the Department of Dermatology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India E-mail:
| | - Meghana Phiske
- From the Department of Dermatology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India E-mail:
| | - Shylaja Someshwar
- From the Department of Dermatology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India E-mail:
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5
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Lin L, Song X, Dong X, Li B. Nano-photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102597. [PMID: 34699982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) together with irradiation light of specific wavelength interacting with oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could trigger apoptosis and/or necrosis-induced cell death in target tissues. During the past two decades, multifunctional nano-PSs employing nanotechnology and nanomedicine developed, which present not only photosensitizing properties but additionally accurate drug release abilities, efficient response to optical stimuli and hypoxia resistance. Further, nano-PSs have been developed to enhance PDT efficacy by improving the ROS yield. In addition, nano-PSs with additive or synergistic therapies are significant for both currently preclinical study and future clinical practice, given their capability of considerable higher therapeutic efficacy under safer systemic drug dosage. In this review, nano-PSs that allow precise drug delivery for efficient absorption by target cells are introduced. Nano-PSs boosting sensitivity and conversion efficiency to PDT-activating stimuli are highlighted. Nano-PSs developed to address the challenging hypoxia conditions during PDT of deep-sited tumors are summarized. Specifically, PSs capable of synergistic therapy and the emerging novel types with higher ROS yield that further enhance PDT efficacy are presented. Finally, future demands for ideal nano-PSs, emphasizing clinical translation and application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaocheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
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6
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Dai S, He S, Huang X, Chen P, Li Q, Guo J, Zhu M, Shen J, Zeng K. Safety and effectiveness of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy combined with fractional micro-plasma radio-frequency treatment for verrucous epidermal nevus: A retrospective study with long-term follow-up. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1229-1235. [PMID: 33896053 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Verrucous epidermal nevus (VEN) is a benign skin disease that seriously affects appearance. Numerous therapeutic methods have been tried with varying results. However, there are few reports on the treatment of VEN by photodynamic therapy (PDT). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT in VEN treatment with a long-term follow-up. A total of 16 patients with VEN received ALA-PDT and were followed up for more than 1 year to observe the treatment effects, adverse reactions, and patients' satisfaction. Complete improvement of lesions was observed in 11 patients (three to six sessions of ALA-PDT). Two patients obtained 90-99% improvement (five sessions) and 50-89% improvement in three patients (three to six sessions). They were satisfied with the treatment effects, with an average satisfaction of 4.19/5 (±0.91). Long-term follow-up ranging 14-50 months showed a low recurrence rate (2/16) and no scar left after ALA-PDT. The results demonstrate that ALA-PDT is an effective and safe therapy in treating VEN with mild adverse reactions and a low risk of scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Dai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijin He
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingjiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghua Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Gonçalves ASC, Rodrigues CF, Moreira AF, Correia IJ. Strategies to improve the photothermal capacity of gold-based nanomedicines. Acta Biomater 2020; 116:105-137. [PMID: 32911109 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The plasmonic photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles have been widely explored in the biomedical field to mediate a photothermal effect in response to the irradiation with an external light source. Particularly, in cancer therapy, the physicochemical properties of gold-based nanomaterials allow them to efficiently accumulate in the tumor tissue and then mediate the light-triggered thermal destruction of cancer cells with high spatial-temporal control. Nevertheless, the gold nanomaterials can be produced with different shapes, sizes, and organizations such as nanospheres, nanorods, nanocages, nanoshells, and nanoclusters. These gold nanostructures will present different plasmonic photothermal properties that can impact cancer thermal ablation. This review analyses the application of gold-based nanomaterials in cancer photothermal therapy, emphasizing the main parameters that affect its light-to-heat conversion efficiency and consequently the photothermal potential. The different shapes/organizations (clusters, shells, rods, stars, cages) of gold nanomaterials and the parameters that can be fine-tuned to improve the photothermal capacity are presented. Moreover, the gold nanostructures combination with other materials (e.g. silica, graphene, and iron oxide) or small molecules (e.g. indocyanine green and IR780) to improve the nanomaterials photothermal capacity is also overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana S C Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carolina F Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André F Moreira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CIEPQF - Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
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8
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Zheng X, He S, Li Q, Chen P, Han K, Wang M, Guo J, Zhu M, Zeng K. Successful treatment of verrucous epidermal nevus with fractional micro-plasma radio-frequency technology and photodynamic therapy. J COSMET LASER THER 2018; 20:357-359. [PMID: 30130422 DOI: 10.1080/14764172.2018.1511914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sijin He
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pingjiao Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Han
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Menglei Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Menghua Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanfang hospital, Sourthern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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9
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Wang Q, Ding X, Wang Y, Du Q, Xu T, Du B, Yao H. The ratiometric fluorescence nanoparticle based on SiRB for pH detection of tumor. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 118:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Geralde MC, Leite IS, Inada NM, Salina ACG, Medeiros AI, Kuebler WM, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. Pneumonia treatment by photodynamic therapy with extracorporeal illumination - an experimental model. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/5/e13190. [PMID: 28292878 PMCID: PMC5350187 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity/mortality, mainly because of the increasing rate of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is emerging as a promising approach, as effects are based on oxidative stress, preventing microorganism resistance. In two previous studies, the in vitro inactivation of Streptococcus pneumoniae using indocyanine green (ICG) and infrared light source was a success killing 5 log10 colony-forming units (CFU/mL) with only 10 μmol/L ICG. In this work, a proof-of-principle protocol was designed to treat lung infections by PDT using extracorporeal illumination with a 780 nm laser device and also ICG as photosensitizer. Hairless mice were infected with S. pneumoniae and PDT was performed two days after infection. For control groups, CFU recovery ranged between 103-104/mouse. For PDT group, however, no bacteria were recovered in 80% of the animals. Based on this result, animal survival was evaluated separately over 50 days. No deaths occurred in PDT group, whereas 60% of the control group died. Our results indicate that extracorporeal PDT has the potential for pneumonia treatment, and pulmonary decontamination with PDT may be used as a single therapy or as an antibiotics adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Geralde
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil .,Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Osman MAR, Kassab AN. Carbon dioxide laser versus erbium:YAG laser in treatment of epidermal verrucous nevus: a comparative randomized clinical study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2016; 28:452-457. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2016.1255305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Abdel Raouf Osman
- Lecturer of Dermarology and Laser at Dermatology Unit – Medical Laser Applications, National Institute Of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NIlES) Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nazmi Kassab
- Assistant Professor of Otorhinolaryngology at ENT Unit – Medical Laser Applications, National Institute Of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NIlES) Cairo University, Egypt
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12
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Luo Z, Zheng M, Zhao P, Chen Z, Siu F, Gong P, Gao G, Sheng Z, Zheng C, Ma Y, Cai L. Self-Monitoring Artificial Red Cells with Sufficient Oxygen Supply for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23393. [PMID: 26987618 PMCID: PMC4796897 DOI: 10.1038/srep23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical cancer treatments. However, native hypoxic tumoural microenvironment and lacking oxygen supply are the major barriers hindering photodynamic reactions. To solve this problem, we have developed biomimetic artificial red cells by loading complexes of oxygen-carrier (hemoglobin) and photosensitizer (indocyanine green) for boosted photodynamic strategy. Such nanosystem provides a coupling structure with stable self-oxygen supply and acting as an ideal fluorescent/photoacoustic imaging probe, dynamically monitoring the nanoparticle biodistribution and the treatment of PDT. Upon exposure to near-infrared laser, the remote-triggered photosensitizer generates massive cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) with sufficient oxygen supply. Importantly, hemoglobin is simultaneously oxidized into the more active and resident ferryl-hemoglobin leading to persistent cytotoxicity. ROS and ferryl-hemoglobin synergistically trigger the oxidative damage of xenograft tumour resulting in complete suppression. The artificial red cells with self-monitoring and boosted photodynamic efficacy could serve as a versatile theranostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.,Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ze Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Fungming Siu
- Center for High Performance Computing, Institute of Advanced Computing and Digital Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Guanhui Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zonghai Sheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Cuifang Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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13
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Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging approach that involves a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and specialized chemical agents known as sonosensitizers. Ultrasound can penetrate deeply into tissues and can be focused into a small region of a tumor to activate a sonosensitizer which offers the possibility of non-invasively eradicating solid tumors in a site-directed manner. In this article, we critically reviewed the currently accepted mechanisms of sonodynamic action and summarized the classification of sonosensitizers. At the same time, the breath of evidence from SDT-based studies suggests that SDT is promising for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yun Wan
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bo-Wei Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yin-Song Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Science & School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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